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Smith G, Apperley J, Milojkovic D, Cross NCP, Foroni L, Byrne J, Goringe A, Rao A, Khorashad J, de Lavallade H, Mead AJ, Osborne W, Plummer C, Jones G, Copland M. A British Society for Haematology Guideline on the diagnosis and management of chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:171-193. [PMID: 32734668 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam J Mead
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wendy Osborne
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Chris Plummer
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Gail Jones
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
- BSH Haemato-Oncology Task Force representative
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Management of Elderly Patients with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Accelerated or Blastic Phase. Drugs Aging 2016; 33:335-45. [PMID: 26961697 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-016-0351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the elderly population, the accelerated and blastic phases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are difficult to treat, not just because of the higher chance of acquired mutations than in younger individuals, but because of additional associated co-morbidities. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are well-established in the treatment of the chronic phase of CML, and their use in advanced phases is ever-increasing. Elderly patients who are still eligible candidates for transplant can undergo reduced-intensity transplants from related or unrelated donors after reverting to chronic phase. Post-transplantation, these patients require adequate monitoring and therapy to prevent relapses. Newer modalities of treatment or interventions are urgently required in this complex group of patients.
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The role of stem cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia in the 21st century. Blood 2015; 125:3230-5. [PMID: 25852053 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-567784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), a treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), has largely replaced curative strategies based on allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, SCT still remains an option for accelerated/blastic-phase and selected chronic-phase CML. Transplant outcomes can be optimized by peritransplant TKIs, conditioning regimen, BCR-ABL monitoring, and relapse management. Controversies exist in transplant timing, pediatric CML, alternative donors, and economics. SCT continues to serve as a platform of "operational cure" for CML with TKIs and immunotherapies.
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Heim D, Gratwohl A. Role of allogeneic transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 1:41-50. [DOI: 10.1586/17474086.1.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Latif AL, McQuaker G, Parker A, Clark A, Copland M. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia is safe and effective in high risk patients following second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A single centre's experience. Leuk Res Rep 2013; 2:47-50. [PMID: 24371779 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients now receiving a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) have been treated with first and second line TKIs pre-HSCT, raising concerns that these patients will have more resistant disease and accumulated greater toxicity from sequential lines of therapy, potentially compromising their outcome. We outline a series of 9 patients treated with imatinib then second generation TKIs for CML followed by HSCT and compare their outcomes with patients receiving imatinib-only pre-HSCT. Our case series demonstrates that second line and sequential tyrosine kinase inhibitors followed by HSCT is a safe and effective therapeutic approach for high risk CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Louise Latif
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Grant McQuaker
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 OYN, UK
| | - Anne Parker
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 OYN, UK
| | - Andrew Clark
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 OYN, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 OYN, UK ; Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, 21 Shelley Road, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy consists of approaches that modify the host immune system, and/or the utilization of components of the immune system, as cancer treatment. During the past 25 years, 17 immunologic products have received regulatory approval based on anticancer activity as single agents and/or in combination with chemotherapy. These include the nonspecific immune stimulants BCG and levamisole; the cytokines interferon-α and interleukin-2; the monoclonal antibodies rituximab, ofatumumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab; the radiolabeled antibodies Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan and I-131 tositumomab; the immunotoxins denileukin diftitox and gemtuzumab ozogamicin; nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplants with donor lymphocyte infusions; and the anti-prostate cancer cell-based therapy sipuleucel-T. All but two of these products are still regularly used to treat various B- and T-cell malignancies, and numerous solid tumors, including breast, lung, colorectal, prostate, melanoma, kidney, glioblastoma, bladder, and head and neck. Positive randomized trials have recently been reported for idiotype vaccines in lymphoma and a peptide vaccine in melanoma. The anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilumumab, which blocks regulatory T-cells, is expected to receive regulatory approval in the near future, based on a randomized trial in melanoma. As the fourth modality of cancer treatment, biotherapy/immunotherapy is an increasingly important component of the anticancer armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Dillman
- Hoag Cancer Institute of Hoag Hospital , Newport Beach, California 92658, USA.
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Van Etten RA, Koschmieder S, Delhommeau F, Perrotti D, Holyoake T, Pardanani A, Mesa R, Green T, Ibrahim AR, Mughal T, Gale RP, Goldman J. The Ph-positive and Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: some topical pre-clinical and clinical issues. Haematologica 2011; 96:590-601. [PMID: 21242185 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.035675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on topical issues in the biology and treatment of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Studies in transgenic mice suggest that BCR-ABL1 reduces the fraction of self-renewing 'leukemic' stem cells in the bone marrow but that some of these cells survive treatment with imatinib. This also seems to operate in humans. Data from models also strongly support the notion that JAK2(V617F) can initiate and sustain MPNs in mice; relevance to disease in humans is less clear. These data also support the hypothesis that level of JAK2(V617F) expression influences the MPN phenotype: higher levels favor erythrocytosis whereas lower levels favor thrombocytosis. Although TET2-mutations were thought to precede JAK2(V617F) in some persons with MPNs, it now appears that TET2 mutations may occur after JAK2(V617F). Further understanding of signal-transduction pathways activated in chronic myeloid leukemia suggests various possible targets for new therapies including the WNT/beta catenin, notch and hedgehog pathways. Finally, the clinical role of the new JAK2- and BCR-ABL1-inhibitors is considered. Much further progress is likely in several of these areas soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Van Etten
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Dickinson AM, Pearce KF, Norden J, O'Brien SG, Holler E, Bickeböller H, Balavarca Y, Rocha V, Kolb HJ, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Niederwieser D, Brand R, Ruutu T, Apperley J, Szydlo R, Goulmy E, Siegert W, de Witte T, Gratwohl A. Impact of genomic risk factors on outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2010; 95:922-7. [PMID: 20305143 PMCID: PMC2878789 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.016220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-HLA gene polymorphisms have been shown to influence outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Results were derived from heterogeneous, small populations and their value remains a matter of debate. DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, we assessed the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes for interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 10 (IL10), interferon (IFNG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the cell surface receptors tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRSFIB), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) in a homogeneous cohort of 228 HLA identical sibling transplants for chronic myeloid leukemia. Three good predictors of overall survival, identified via statistical methods including Cox regression analysis, were investigated for their effects on transplant-related mortality and relapse. Predictive power was assessed after integration into the established European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) risk score. RESULTS Absence of patient TNFRSFIB 196R, absence of donor IL10 ATA/ACC and presence of donor IL1RN allele 2 genotypes were associated with increased transplantation-related mortality and decreased survival. Application of prediction error and concordance index statistics gave evidence that integration improved the EBMT risk score. CONCLUSIONS Non-HLA genotypes were associated with survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. When three genetic polymorphisms were added into the EBMT risk model they improved the goodness of fit. Non-HLA genotyping could, therefore, be used to improve donor selection algorithms and risk assessment prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Cohort Studies
- Cytokines/genetics
- Female
- Genomic Instability
- Genotype
- Graft vs Host Disease/genetics
- Graft vs Host Disease/mortality
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/mortality
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Survival Rate/trends
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Dickinson
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK.
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Baccarani M, Dreyling M. Chronic myeloid leukaemia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010; 21 Suppl 5:v165-7. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Krieger O. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in Ph+ CML: still a therapeutic option? MEMO-MAGAZINE OF EUROPEAN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12254-010-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Current role of stem cell transplantation in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2009; 22:431-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baccarani M, Dreyling M. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2009; 20 Suppl 4:105-7. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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