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Chatzikonstantinou T, Demosthenous C, Baliakas P. Biology and Treatment of High-Risk CLL: Significance of Complex Karyotype. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788761. [PMID: 34912723 PMCID: PMC8667220 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports highlight the clinical significance of cytogenetic complexity, namely, complex karyotype (CK) identified though the performance of chromosome banding analysis (CBA) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Indeed, apart from a number of studies underscoring the prognostic and predictive value of CK in the chemo(immune)therapy era, mounting evidence suggests that CK could serve as an independent prognosticator and predictor even in patients treated with novel agents. In the present review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the clinical impact of CK in CLL, touching upon open issues related to the incorporation of CK in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chatzikonstantinou
- Hematology Department-Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Demosthenous
- Hematology Department-Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Baliakas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Schellenbauer A, Guilly MN, Grall R, Le Bars R, Paget V, Kortulewski T, Sutcu H, Mathé C, Hullo M, Biard D, Leteurtre F, Barroca V, Corre Y, Irbah L, Rass E, Theze B, Bertrand P, Demmers JAA, Guirouilh-Barbat J, Lopez BS, Chevillard S, Delic J. Phospho-Ku70 induced by DNA damage interacts with RNA Pol II and promotes the formation of phospho-53BP1 foci to ensure optimal cNHEJ. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11728-11745. [PMID: 34718776 PMCID: PMC8599715 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ) is the prominent mammalian DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair pathway operative throughout the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of Ku70 at ser27-ser33 (pKu70) is induced by DNA DSBs and has been shown to regulate cNHEJ activity, but the underlying mechanism remained unknown. Here, we established that following DNA damage induction, Ku70 moves from nucleoli to the sites of damage, and once linked to DNA, it is phosphorylated. Notably, the novel emanating functions of pKu70 are evidenced through the recruitment of RNA Pol II and concomitant formation of phospho-53BP1 foci. Phosphorylation is also a prerequisite for the dynamic release of Ku70 from the repair complex through neddylation-dependent ubiquitylation. Although the non-phosphorylable ala-Ku70 form does not compromise the formation of the NHEJ core complex per se, cells expressing this form displayed constitutive and stress-inducible chromosomal instability. Consistently, upon targeted induction of DSBs by the I-SceI meganuclease into an intrachromosomal reporter substrate, cells expressing pKu70, rather than ala-Ku70, are protected against the joining of distal DNA ends. Collectively, our results underpin the essential role of pKu70 in the orchestration of DNA repair execution in living cells and substantiated the way it paves the maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Schellenbauer
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noelle Guilly
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Romain Grall
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Romain Le Bars
- Light Microscopy Facility, Imagerie-Gif, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- IRS[N]/PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRMed, 31, Av. De la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Thierry Kortulewski
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18 Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Haser Sutcu
- IRS[N]/PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, 31, Av. De la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Cécile Mathé
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie Hullo
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Denis Biard
- Service d'étude des prions et maladies atypiques (SEPIA), DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - François Leteurtre
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Youenn Corre
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lamya Irbah
- Plateforme de Microscopie, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U12745, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Emilie Rass
- Laboratoire de Réparation et Vieillissement; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Benoit Theze
- Laboratoire de Réparation et Vieillissement; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Pascale Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Réparation et Vieillissement; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Room Ee-679A | Faculty Building, Erasmus University Medical Center Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josée Guirouilh-Barbat
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Institut Cochin, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bernard S Lopez
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Institut Cochin, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Chevillard
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jozo Delic
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 1 4654 7552;
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Jebaraj BMC, Stilgenbauer S. Telomere Dysfunction in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 10:612665. [PMID: 33520723 PMCID: PMC7844343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.612665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleprotein structures that cap the chromosomal ends, conferring genomic stability. Alterations in telomere maintenance and function are associated with tumorigenesis. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), telomere length is an independent prognostic factor and short telomeres are associated with adverse outcome. Though telomere length associations have been suggested to be only a passive reflection of the cell's replication history, here, based on published findings, we suggest a more dynamic role of telomere dysfunction in shaping the disease course. Different members of the shelterin complex, which form the telomere structure have deregulated expression and POT1 is recurrently mutated in about 3.5% of CLL. In addition, cases with short telomeres have higher telomerase (TERT) expression and activity. TERT activation and shelterin deregulation thus may be pivotal in maintaining the minimal telomere length necessary to sustain survival and proliferation of CLL cells. On the other hand, activation of DNA damage response and repair signaling at dysfunctional telomeres coupled with checkpoint deregulation, leads to terminal fusions and genomic complexity. In summary, multiple components of the telomere system are affected and they play an important role in CLL pathogenesis, progression, and clonal evolution. However, processes leading to shelterin deregulation as well as cell intrinsic and microenvironmental factors underlying TERT activation are poorly understood. The present review comprehensively summarizes the complex interplay of telomere dysfunction in CLL and underline the mechanisms that are yet to be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
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Yuan J, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Li K, Jing Y, Zhang X, Liu Q, Geng X, Li G, Wang F. Long-term Persistent Organic Pollutants Exposure Induced Telomere Dysfunction and Senescence-Associated Secretary Phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1027-1035. [PMID: 29360938 PMCID: PMC6037063 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally persistent organic pollutant (POP) is the general term for refractory organic compounds that show long-range atmospheric transport, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation. It has been reported that the accumulation of POPs could lead to cellular DNA damage and adverse effects of on metabolic health. To better understand the mechanism of the health risks associated with POPs, we conducted an evidence-based cohort investigation (n = 5,955) at the Jinghai e-waste disposal center in China from 2009 to 2016, where people endure serious POP exposure. And high levels of aging-related diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and reproductive disorders were identified associated with the POP exposure. In the subsequent molecular level study, an increased telomere dysfunction including telomere multiple telomere signals, telomere signal-free ends, telomere shortening and activation of alternative lengthening of telomeres were observed, which might result from the hypomethylated DNA modification induced telomeric repeat-containing RNA overexpression. Moreover, dysfunctional telomere-leaded senescence-associated secretory phenotype was confirmed, as the proinflammatory cytokines and immunosenescence hallmarks including interleukin-6, P16INK4a, and P14ARF were stimulated. Thus, we proposed that the dysfunctional telomere and elevated systemic chronic inflammation contribute to the aging-associated diseases, which were highly developed among the POP exposure individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yuan
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Keqiu Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yaqing Jing
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
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Complex karyotype as a predictor of high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A single center experience over 12 years. Leuk Res 2019; 85:106218. [PMID: 31476701 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A complex karyotype (CK) is considered a poor prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). METHODS The study analyzed 644 untreated CLL patients (pts) using conventional/molecular cytogenetics to reveal the presence of a CK and its composition and to assess its predictive value. The mutational status ofTP53 was detected by next generation sequencing. RESULTS A CK was detected in 79 pts (12.3%). Patients with a CK showed shorter overall survival (OS) compared to those without a CK (77 months vs. 115 months, p < 0.0001). Chromosomes most frequently included in a CK were 13, 11, 17, 8, 2, and 6. The most common aberrations in a CK were translocations, numerical changes and dicentric chromosomes (with no effect on OS). Patients with aberrations ofTP53 and ATM were shown to have adverse prognosis comparable to patients with a CK without these abnormalities. A stronger impact of a CK on OS of female and older CLL patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS The determining of the presence of a CK is essential in modern clinical CLL practice. According to recent studies, the presence of a CK affects clinical and treatment decision-making.
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7
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Cavallari M, Cavazzini F, Bardi A, Volta E, Melandri A, Tammiso E, Saccenti E, Lista E, Quaglia FM, Urso A, Laudisi M, Menotti E, Formigaro L, Dabusti M, Ciccone M, Tomasi P, Negrini M, Cuneo A, Rigolin GM. Biological significance and prognostic/predictive impact of complex karyotype in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34398-34412. [PMID: 30344950 PMCID: PMC6188145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex karyotype (CK) is an established negative prognostic marker in a number of haematological malignancies. After the introduction of effective mitogens, a growing body of evidence has suggested that the presence of 3 or more aberrations by conventional banding analysis (CBA) is associated with an unfavorable outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Thus, the importance of CBA was recognized by the 2018 guidelines of the International Workshop on CLL, which proposed the introduction of CBA in clinical trials to validate the value of karyotype aberrations. Indeed, a number of observational studies showed that cytogenetic aberrations and, particularly, the CK may have a negative independent impact on objective outcome measures (i.e. time to first treatment, progression free survival, time to chemorefractoriness and overall survival) both in patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy and, possibly, in patients receiving novel mechanism-based treatment. Here, we set out to present the scientific evidence supporting the significance of CK as a prognostic marker in CLL and to discuss the biological basis showing that the CK is a consequence of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cavallari
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavazzini
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Bardi
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Volta
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aurora Melandri
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Tammiso
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Saccenti
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Lista
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Quaglia
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Urso
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Laudisi
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Menotti
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Formigaro
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Melissa Dabusti
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Ciccone
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Tomasi
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Activation of oncogenic signaling paradoxically results in the permanent withdrawal from cell cycle and induction of senescence (oncogene-induced senescence (OIS)). OIS is a fail-safe mechanism used by the cells to prevent uncontrolled tumor growth, and, as such, it is considered as the first barrier against cancer. In order to progress, tumor cells thus need to first overcome the senescent phenotype. Despite the increasing attention gained by OIS in the past 20 years, this field is still rather young due to continuous emergence of novel pathways and processes involved in OIS. Among the many factors contributing to incomplete understanding of OIS are the lack of unequivocal markers for senescence and the complexity of the phenotypes revealed by senescent cells in vivo and in vitro. OIS has been shown to play major roles at both the cellular and organismal levels in biological processes ranging from embryonic development to barrier to cancer progression. Here we will briefly outline major advances in methodologies that are being utilized for induction, identification, and characterization of molecular processes in cells undergoing oncogene-induced senescence. The full description of such methodologies is provided in the corresponding chapters of the book.
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Glazyrin YE, Komarova MA, Bakhtina VI, Silacheva MV, Demko IV, Zamay AS, Zamay TN. A comparative protein profiling of lymphocytes from blood of patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia by high-resolution mass-spectrometry in search of new markers for heterogeneity and disease prognosis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816130062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Bouley J, Saad L, Grall R, Schellenbauer A, Biard D, Paget V, Morel-Altmeyer S, Guipaud O, Chambon C, Salles B, Maloum K, Merle-Béral H, Chevillard S, Delic J. A new phosphorylated form of Ku70 identified in resistant leukemic cells confers fast but unfaithful DNA repair in cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27980-8000. [PMID: 26337656 PMCID: PMC4695039 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ku70-dependent canonical nonhomologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) DNA repair system is fundamental to the genome maintenance and B-cell lineage. c-NHEJ is upregulated and error-prone in incurable forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia which also displays telomere dysfunction, multiple chromosomal aberrations and the resistance to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. We identify in these cells a novel DNA damage inducible form of phospho-Ku70. In vitro in different cancer cell lines, Ku70 phosphorylation occurs in a heterodimer Ku70/Ku80 complex within minutes of genotoxic stress, necessitating its interaction with DNA damage-induced kinase pS2056-DNA-PKcs and/or pS1981-ATM. The mutagenic effects of phospho-Ku70 are documented by a defective S/G2 checkpoint, accelerated disappearance of γ-H2AX foci and kinetics of DNA repair resulting in an increased level of genotoxic stress-induced chromosomal aberrations. Together, these data unveil an involvement of phospho-Ku70 in fast but inaccurate DNA repair; a new paradigm linked to both the deregulation of c-NHEJ and the resistance of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bouley
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.,Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Stallergens, 92160 Antony, France
| | - Lina Saad
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Romain Grall
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Amelie Schellenbauer
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Denis Biard
- Institut de Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (iMETI), Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Sandrine Morel-Altmeyer
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.,Laboratoire de Radiopathologie et de Thérapies Expérimentales, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- Service de Spectrométrie de Masse, INRA Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Bernard Salles
- UMR 1331 TOXALIM, INRA/INP/UPS, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Karim Maloum
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Merle-Béral
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75000 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, INSERM, UMR-S 872, Programmed Cell Death and Physiopathology of Tumor Cells, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers 75000 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Chevillard
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Jozo Delic
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables (CEA), 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
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11
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Matjusaitis M, Chin G, Sarnoski EA, Stolzing A. Biomarkers to identify and isolate senescent cells. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:1-12. [PMID: 27212009 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for many degenerative diseases and declining health. Senescent cells are part of the underlying mechanism for time-dependent tissue dysfunction. These cells can negatively affect neighbouring cells through an altered secretory phenotype: the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP induces senescence in healthy cells, promotes tumour formation and progression, and contributes to other age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, immune-senescence and neurodegeneration. Removal of senescent cells was recently demonstrated to delay age-related degeneration and extend lifespan. To better understand cell aging and to reap the benefits of senescent cell removal, it is necessary to have a reliable biomarker to identify these cells. Following an introduction to cellular senescence, we discuss several classes of biomarkers in the context of their utility in identifying and/or removing senescent cells from tissues. Although senescence can be induced by a variety of stimuli, senescent cells share some characteristics that enable their identification both in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, it may prove difficult to identify a single biomarker capable of distinguishing senescence in all cell types. Therefore, this will not be a comprehensive review of all senescence biomarkers but rather an outlook on technologies and markers that are most suitable to identify and isolate senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Matjusaitis
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, England, UK
| | - Greg Chin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ethan Anders Sarnoski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Institute IZBI, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Loughborough University, Loughborough, England, UK.
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12
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Medves S, Auchter M, Chambeau L, Gazzo S, Poncet D, Grangier B, Verney A, Moussay E, Ammerlaan W, Brisou G, Morjani H, Géli V, Palissot V, Berchem G, Salles G, Wenner T. A high rate of telomeric sister chromatid exchange occurs in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia B-cells. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:57-70. [PMID: 26970083 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells protect their telomere ends from erosion through reactivation of telomerase or by using the Alternative Lengthening of Telomere (ALT) mechanism that depends on homologous recombination. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) B cells are characterized by almost no telomerase activity, shelterin deregulation and telomere fusions. To characterize telomeric maintenance mechanisms in B-CLL patients, we measured their telomere length, telomerase expression and the main hallmarks of the ALT activity i.e. C-circle concentration, an extra-chromosomal telomere repeat (ECTR), and the level of telomeric sister chromatid exchange (T-SCE) rate. Patients showed relative homogenous telomere length although almost no TERT transcript and nearly no C-circle were evidenced. Nevertheless, compared with normal B cells, B-CLL cells showed an increase in T-SCE rate that was correlated with a strong down-regulation of the topoisomerase III alpha (TOP3A) expression, involved in the dissolution of Holliday Junctions (HJ), together with an increased expression of SLX1A, SLX4, MUS81 and GEN1, involved in the resolution of HJ. Altogether, our results suggest that the telomere maintenance mechanism of B-CLL cells do not preferentially use telomerase or ALT. Rather, the rupture of the dissolvasome/resolvasome balance may increase telomere shuffling that could homogenize telomere length, slowing telomere erosion in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Medves
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Morgan Auchter
- Cancer Research Centre Marseille CRCM, U1068 Inserm, UMR7258 CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer équipe labellisée, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Chambeau
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Gazzo
- Equipe Proliférations B Indolentes, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, UMR CNRS 5239, Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Delphine Poncet
- Biochemistry Department, Transfer and Molecular Oncology Unit, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine, UCBL Lyon 1, Oullins cedex 12, France
| | - Blandine Grangier
- Biochemistry Department, Transfer and Molecular Oncology Unit, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine, UCBL Lyon 1, Oullins cedex 12, France
| | - Aurélie Verney
- Equipe Proliférations B Indolentes, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, UMR CNRS 5239, Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Wim Ammerlaan
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé (CRP-Santé), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Gabriel Brisou
- Equipe Proliférations B Indolentes, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, UMR CNRS 5239, Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- MEDyC, Unité CNRS UMR7369, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Vincent Géli
- Cancer Research Centre Marseille CRCM, U1068 Inserm, UMR7258 CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer équipe labellisée, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Palissot
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Berchem
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Gilles Salles
- Equipe Proliférations B Indolentes, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, UMR CNRS 5239, Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Wenner
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Equipe Proliférations B Indolentes, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, UMR CNRS 5239, Oullins Cedex, France
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13
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Sellmann L, Scholtysik R, de Beer D, Eisele L, Klein-Hitpass L, Nückel H, Dührsen U, Dürig J, Röth A, Baerlocher GM. Shorter telomeres correlate with an increase in the number of uniparental disomies in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:590-5. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1076929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Sellmann
- Department of Haematology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Rene Scholtysik
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical Research, University Bern, Switzerland, and
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Department of Haematology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Holger Nückel
- Department of Haematology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Haematology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Haematology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Alexander Röth
- Department of Haematology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Gabriela M. Baerlocher
- Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical Research, University Bern, Switzerland, and
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Telomere shortening associated with increased genomic complexity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8317-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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15
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Chen H, Liu X, Zhu W, Chen H, Hu X, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Wang L, Zhou Y, Chen P, Zhang N, Hu D, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xu Q, Wu R, Yu H, Wang J. SIRT1 ameliorates age-related senescence of mesenchymal stem cells via modulating telomere shelterin. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:103. [PMID: 24917814 PMCID: PMC4042159 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) senescence is an age-related process that impairs the capacity for tissue repair and compromises the clinical use of autologous MSCs for tissue regeneration. Here, we describe the effects of SIRT1, a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, on age-related MSCs senescence. Knockdown of SIRT1 in young MSCs induced cellular senescence and inhibited cell proliferation whereas overexpression of SIRT1 in aged MSCs reversed the senescence phenotype and stimulated cell proliferation. These results suggest that SIRT1 plays a key role in modulating age-induced MSCs senescence. Aging-related proteins, P16 and P21 may be downstream effectors of the SIRT1-mediated anti-aging effects. SIRT1 protected MSCs from age-related DNA damage, induced telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression and enhanced telomerase activity but did not affect telomere length. SIRT1 positively regulated the expression of tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), a component of the shelterin pathway that protects chromosome ends from DNA damage. Together, the results demonstrate that SIRT1 quenches age-related MSCs senescence by mechanisms that include enhanced TPP1 expression, increased telomerase activity and reduced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Dexing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China ; Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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16
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Three-dimensional Nuclear Telomere Organization in Multiple Myeloma. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:749-56. [PMID: 24466378 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Up to date, it is difficult to predict an individual's time to disease progression and the treatment response. To examine whether the nuclear telomeric architecture will unravel some of these questions, we carried out. Three-dimensional (3D) telomere analysis on samples from patients diagnosed with MGUS and MM, as well as from patients who went into relapse. Telomere signal intensity, number of telomere aggregates, nuclear volume, and the overall nuclear telomere distribution (a/c ratio) were analyzed. The telomeric profiles allowed for the differentiation of the disease stages. The telomeric profiles of myeloma cells obtained from blood and bone marrow aspirates were identical. Based on this study, we discuss the use of 3D telomere profiling as a potential future tool for risk stratification and personalized treatment decisions.
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17
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Morgan RG, Ives SJ, Lesniewski LA, Cawthon RM, Andtbacka RHI, Noyes RD, Richardson RS, Donato AJ. Age-related telomere uncapping is associated with cellular senescence and inflammation independent of telomere shortening in human arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H251-8. [PMID: 23666675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00197.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arterial telomere dysfunction may contribute to chronic arterial inflammation by inducing cellular senescence and subsequent senescence-associated inflammation. Although telomere shortening has been associated with arterial aging in humans, age-related telomere uncapping has not been described in non-cultured human tissues and may have substantial prognostic value. In skeletal muscle feed arteries from 104 younger, middle-aged, and older adults, we assessed the potential role of age-related telomere uncapping in arterial inflammation. Telomere uncapping, measured by p-histone γ-H2A.X (ser139) localized to telomeres (chromatin immunoprecipitation; ChIP), and telomeric repeat binding factor 2 bound to telomeres (ChIP) was greater in arteries from older adults compared with those from younger adults. There was greater tumor suppressor protein p53 (P53)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)-induced senescence, measured by P53 bound to P21 gene promoter (ChIP), and greater expression of P21, interleukin 8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 mRNA (RT-PCR) in arteries from older adults compared with younger adults. Telomere uncapping was a highly influential covariate for the age-group difference in P53/P21-induced senescence. Despite progressive age-related telomere shortening in human arteries, mean telomere length was not associated with telomere uncapping or P53/P21-induced senescence. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that advancing age is associated with greater telomere uncapping in arteries, which is linked to P53/P21-induced senescence independent of telomere shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Morgan
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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18
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Acquired Genomic Copy Number Aberrations in CLL. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 792:47-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8051-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Malek SN. The biology and clinical significance of acquired genomic copy number aberrations and recurrent gene mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncogene 2012; 32:2805-17. [PMID: 23001040 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world and remains incurable with conventional chemotherapy treatment approaches. CLL as a disease entity is defined by a relatively parsimonious set of diagnostic criteria and therefore likely constitutes an umbrella term for multiple related illnesses. Of the enduring fundamental biological processes that affect the biology and clinical behavior of CLL, few are as central to the pathogenesis of CLL as recurrent acquired genomic copy number aberrations (aCNA) and recurrent gene mutations. Here, a state-of-the-art overview of the pathological anatomy of the CLL genome is presented, including detailed descriptions of the anatomy of aCNA and gene mutations. Data from SNP array profiling and large-scale sequencing of large CLL cohorts, as well as stimulated karyotyping, are discussed. This review is organized by discussions of the anatomy, underlying pathomechanisms and clinical significance of individual genomic lesions and recurrent gene mutations. Finally, gaps in knowledge regarding the biological and clinical effects of recurrent genomic aberrations or gene mutations on CLL are outlined to provide critical stimuli for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0936, USA.
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20
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Noda A, Hirai Y, Hamasaki K, Mitani H, Nakamura N, Kodama Y. Unrepairable DNA double-strand breaks that are generated by ionising radiation determine the fate of normal human cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5280-7. [PMID: 22899723 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
After an exposure to ionising radiation, cells can quickly repair damage to their genomes; however, a few unrepairable DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) emerge in the nucleus in a prolonged culture and perpetuate as long as the culture continues. These DSBs may be retained forever in cells such as non-dividing ageing tissues, which are resistant to apoptosis. We show that such unrepairable DSBs, which had been advocated by the classical target theory as the 'radiation hit', could account for permanent growth arrest and premature senescence. The unrepairable DSBs build up with repeated irradiation, which accounts for an accumulated dose. Because these DSBs tend to be paired, we propose that the untethered and 'torn-off' molecular structures at the broken ends of the DNA result in an alteration of chromatin structure, which protects the ends of the DNA from genomic catastrophe. Such biochemical responses are important for cell survival but may cause gradual tissue malfunction, which could lead to the late effects of radiation exposure. Thus, understanding the biology of unrepairable damage will provide new insights into the long-term effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asao Noda
- Department of Genetics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan.
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22
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Abstract
Observations in human tumours, as well as mouse models, have indicated that telomere dysfunction may be a key event driving genomic instability and disease progression in many solid tumour types. In this scenario, telomere shortening ultimately results in telomere dysfunction, fusion and genomic instability, creating the large-scale rearrangements that are characteristic of these tumours. It is now becoming apparent that this paradigm may also apply to haematological malignancies; indeed these conditions have provided some of the most convincing evidence of telomere dysfunction in any malignancy. Telomere length has been shown in several malignancies to provide clinically useful prognostic information, implicating telomere dysfunction in disease progression. In these malignancies extreme telomere shortening, telomere dysfunction and fusion have all been documented and correlate with the emergence of increased genomic complexity. Telomeres may therefore represent both a clinically useful prognostic tool and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri H Jones
- Department of Haematology,School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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23
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Britt-Compton B, Lin TT, Ahmed G, Weston V, Jones RE, Fegan C, Oscier DG, Stankovic T, Pepper C, Baird DM. Extreme telomere erosion in ATM-mutated and 11q-deleted CLL patients is independent of disease stage. Leukemia 2011; 26:826-30. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Genomic aberrations are of predominant importance to the biology and clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and FISH-based genomic risk classifications are routinely used in clinical decision making in CLL. One of the known limitations of CLL FISH is the inability to comprehensively interrogate the CLL genome for genomic changes. In an effort at overcoming the existing limitations in CLL genome analysis, we have analyzed high-purity DNA isolated from FACS-sorted CD19(+) cells and paired CD3(+) or buccal cells from 255 patients with CLL for acquired genomic copy number aberrations (aCNAs) with the use of ultra-high-density Affymetrix SNP 6.0 arrays. Overall, ≥ 2 subchromosomal aCNAs were found in 39% (100 of 255) of all cases analyzed, whereas ≥ 3 subchromosomal aCNAs were detected in 20% (50 of 255) of cases. Subsequently, we have correlated genomic lesion loads (genomic complexity) with the clinical outcome measures time to first therapy and overall survival. With the use of multivariate analyses incorporating the most important prognostic factors in CLL together with SNP 6.0 array-based genomic lesion loads at various thresholds, we identify elevated CLL genomic complexity as an independent and powerful marker for the identification of patients with aggressive CLL and short survival.
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Telomeric damage in early stage of chronic lymphocytic leukemia correlates with shelterin dysregulation. Blood 2011; 118:1316-22. [PMID: 21355086 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-295774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) are characterized by short telomeres despite a low proliferative index. Because telomere length has been reported to be a valuable prognosis criteria, there is a great interest in a deep understanding of the origin and consequences of telomere dysfunction in this pathology. Cases of chromosome fusion involving extremely short telomeres have been reported at advanced stage. In the present study, we address the question of the existence of early telomere dysfunction during the B-CLL time course. In a series restricted to 23 newly diagnosed Binet stage A CLL patients compared with 12 healthy donors, we found a significant increase in recruitment of DNA-damage factors to telomeres showing telomere dysfunction in the early stage of the disease. Remarkably, the presence of dysfunctional telomeres did not correlate with telomere shortening or chromatin marks deregulation but with a down-regulation of 2 shelterin genes: ACD (coding for TPP1; P = .0464) and TINF2 (coding for TIN2; P = .0177). We propose that telomeric deprotection in the early step of CLL is not merely the consequence of telomere shortening but also of shelterin alteration.
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Concomitant telomere shortening, acquisition of multiple chromosomal aberrations and in vitro resistance to apoptosis in a single case of progressive CLL. Leuk Res 2010; 35:e37-40. [PMID: 21176960 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Marteau JB, Rigaud O, Brugat T, Gault N, Vallat L, Kruhoffer M, Orntoft TF, Nguyen-Khac F, Chevillard S, Merle-Beral H, Delic J. Concomitant heterochromatinisation and down-regulation of gene expression unveils epigenetic silencing of RELB in an aggressive subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in males. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:53. [PMID: 21062507 PMCID: PMC2994775 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The sensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to current treatments, both in vitro and in vivo, relies on their ability to activate apoptotic death. CLL cells resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis display deregulation of a specific set of genes. Methods Microarray hybridization (Human GeneChip, Affymetrix), immunofluorescent in situ labeling coupled with video-microscopy recording/analyses, chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP), polymerase chain reactions (PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) and bisulfite genome sequencing were the main methods applied. Statistical analyses were performed by applying GCRMA and SAM analysis (microarray data) and Student's t-test or Mann & Whitney's U-test. Results Herein we show that, remarkably, in a resistant male CLL cells the vast majority of genes were down-regulated compared with sensitive cells, whereas this was not the case in cells derived from females. This gene down-regulation was found to be associated with an overall gain of heterochromatin as evidenced by immunofluorescent labeling of heterochromatin protein 1α (HP-1), trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 (3metH3K9), and 5-methylcytidine (5metC). Notably, 17 genes were found to be commonly deregulated in resistant male and female cell samples. Among these, RELB was identified as a discriminatory candidate gene repressed in the male and upregulated in the female resistant cells. Conclusion The molecular defects in the silencing of RELB involve an increase in H3K9- but not CpG-island methylation in the promoter regions. Increase in acetyl-H3 in resistant female but not male CLL samples as well as a decrease of total cellular level of RelB after an inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) by trichostatin A (TSA), further emphasize the role of epigenetic modifications which could discriminate two CLL subsets. Together, these results highlighted the epigenetic RELB silencing as a new marker of the progressive disease in males.
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