1
|
Zhang Q, Li H, Chen X, Gu F, Zhang L, Zhang L, Chen T, Chen Q, Meng W, Wu Y, Chang H, Liu T, Chen C, Ma H, Liu Y. Identifying STRN3-RARA as a new fusion gene for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2023; 142:1494-1499. [PMID: 37624915 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report a new fusion gene, STRN3-RARA, in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It cooperates with UTX deficiency to drive full-blown APL in mice. Although STRN3-RARA leukemia quickly relapses after all-trans retinoic acid treatment, it can be restrained by cepharanthine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Gu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Sichuan Hua Xi Kindstar Medical Diagnostic Centre, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentong Meng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Colita A, Tanase AD, Tomuleasa C, Colita A. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in the Era of All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) and Arsenic Trioxide (ATO). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4111. [PMID: 37627139 PMCID: PMC10452822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) currently represents one of the malignant hemopathies with the best therapeutic responses, following the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and subsequently of arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment. As a result, a large proportion of patients with APL achieve long-term responses after first-line therapy, so performing a hematopoietic stem cell transplant as consolidation of first complete remission (CR) is no longer necessary. Even in the case of relapses, most patients obtain a new remission as a result of therapy with ATO and ATRA, but an effective consolidation treatment is necessary to maintain it. The experience accumulated from studies published in the last two decades shows the effectiveness of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in improving the outcome of patients who achieve a new CR. Thus, the expert groups recommend transplantation as consolidation therapy in patients with a second CR, with the indication for autologous HSCT in cases with molecular CR and for allogeneic HSCT in patients with the persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) or with early relapse. However, there is a variety of controversial aspects related to the role of HSCT in APL, ranging from the fact that outcome data are obtained almost exclusively from retrospective studies and historical analyses to questions related to the type of transplantation, the impact of minimal residual disease, conditioning regimens, or the role of other therapeutic options. All these questions justify the need for controlled prospective studies in the following years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Colita
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Daniela Tanase
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022338 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Transplant Immunology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400015 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Colita
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022338 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen L, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Jin W, Dong F, Li J, Hu J, Chen Q, Wang K, Li J. Case Report: Successful therapy with all-trans retinoic acid combined with chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia carrying the BCOR-RARA fusion gene. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1013046. [PMID: 36212492 PMCID: PMC9539026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1013046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the balanced translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17, resulting in the formation of PML-RARA fusion gene. More than 98% of APL have PML-RARA fusion, and less than 2% have other types of RARA gene partners, which named variant APL (vAPL). In the present study, we reported a vAPL with BCOR-RARA, which was the third case of BCOR-RARA APL published. The patient achieved complete remission (CR) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) monotherapy, and molecular CR with ATRA plus standard chemotherapy. After that, he underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and ATRA maintenance and maintained a molecular CR status. This case provided valuable insights into the accurate identification of vAPL. Moreover, ATRA combined with chemotherapy followed by allo-HSCT was suggested as an optimal choice for those vAPL patients who had a high risk of relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junmin Li
- *Correspondence: Junmin Li, ; Kankan Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A novel RARA-SNX15 fusion in PML-RARA-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(11;17;15)(q13;q21.2;q24.1). Int J Hematol 2022; 116:956-960. [PMID: 35854096 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a series of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) fusion genes that lead to the dysregulation of RAR signaling and onset of APL. PML-RARA is the most common fusion generated from t(15;17)(q24;q21). In addition, the reciprocal fusion RARA-PML is present in over 80% of t(15;17) APL cases. The bcr3 types of RARA-PML and RARA-PLZF in particular are reciprocal fusions that contribute to leukemogenesis. Here, we report a variant APL case with t(11;17;15)(q13;q21.2;q24.1). Massive parallel sequencing of patient RNA detected the novel fusion transcripts RARA-SNX15 and SNX15-LINC02255 along with the bcr3 type of PML-RARA. Genetic analysis revealed that RARA-SNX15L is an in-frame fusion due to intron retention caused by RNA mis-splicing. RARA-SNX15L consisted mainly of SNX15 domains, including the Phox-homology domain, which has a critical role in protein-protein interactions among sorting nexins and with other partners. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that RARA-SNX15L is directly associated with SNX15 and with itself. Further studies are needed to evaluate the biological significance of RARA-SNX15L in APL. In conclusion, this is the first report of APL with a complex chromosomal rearrangement involving SNX15.
Collapse
|
5
|
Guarnera L, Ottone T, Fabiani E, Divona M, Savi A, Travaglini S, Falconi G, Panetta P, Rapanotti MC, Voso MT. Atypical Rearrangements in APL-Like Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Molecular Characterization and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871590. [PMID: 35494081 PMCID: PMC9039303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) accounts for 10–15% of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and is typically caused by the fusion of promyelocytic leukemia with retinoic acid receptor α (RARA) gene. The prognosis is excellent, thanks to the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) combination therapy. A small percentage of APLs (around 2%) is caused by atypical transcripts, most of which involve RARA or other members of retinoic acid receptors (RARB or RARG). The diagnosis of these forms is difficult, and clinical management is still a challenge for the physician due to variable response rates to ATRA and ATO. Herein we review variant APL cases reported in literature, including genetic landscape, incidence of coagulopathy and differentiation syndrome, frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients, sensitivity to ATRA, ATO, and chemotherapy, and outcome. We also focus on non-RAR rearrangements, complex rearrangements (involving more than two chromosomes), and NPM1-mutated AML, an entity that can, in some cases, morphologically mimic APL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuro-Oncohematology, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariadomenica Divona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Savi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Falconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Panetta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Rapanotti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuro-Oncohematology, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Genomic Abnormalities as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205055. [PMID: 34680203 PMCID: PMC8533805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary AML is a heterogenous malignancy with a variety of underlying genomic abnormalities. Some of the genetic aberrations in AML have led to the development of specific inhibitors which were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are currently used to treat eligible patients. In this review, we describe five gene mutations for which approved inhibitors have been developed, the response of AML patients to these inhibitors, and the known mechanism(s) of resistance. This review also highlights the significance of developing function-based screens for target discovery in the era of personalized medicine. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues. AML results from the acquisition of gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities that induce proliferation or block differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. A combination of cytogenetic profiling and gene mutation analyses are essential for the proper diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment of AML. In the present review, we provide a summary of genomic abnormalities in AML that have emerged as both markers of disease and therapeutic targets. We discuss the abnormalities of RARA, FLT3, BCL2, IDH1, and IDH2, their significance as therapeutic targets in AML, and how various mechanisms cause resistance to the currently FDA-approved inhibitors. We also discuss the limitations of current genomic approaches for producing a comprehensive picture of the activated signaling pathways at diagnosis or at relapse in AML patients, and how innovative technologies combining genomic and functional methods will improve the discovery of novel therapeutic targets in AML. The ultimate goal is to optimize a personalized medicine approach for AML patients and possibly those with other types of cancers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kyriazoglou A, Tourkantoni N, Liontos M, Zagouri F, Mahaira L, Papakosta A, Michali D, Patereli A, Stefanaki K, Tzotzola V, Skoura E, Baka M, Polychronopoulou S, Kattamis A, Dimitriadis E. A Case Series of BCOR Sarcomas With a New Splice Variant of BCOR/CCNB3 Fusion Gene. In Vivo 2021; 34:2947-2954. [PMID: 32871837 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Undifferentiated round cell sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of sarcomas. Identification of BCOR alterations, such as BCOR/CCNB3 and BCOR/MAML3 fusion genes and BCOR ITD has recently contributed in the precise diagnosis of these neoplasms, defining a new entity of the current classification of soft tissue and bone sarcomas. BCOR sarcomas share both morphological and genetic characteristics distinct from Ewing sarcomas. The scope of our study was to retrospectively identify BCOR sarcomas and find the correlations with the clinical outcome of these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of pediatric tumor samples were combined with molecular testing (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization to find BCOR sarcomas. RESULTS We, herein, present our experience with BCOR sarcomas in a referral center of Greece. Moreover, we report in one case the detection of a variant BCOR/CCNB3 fusion not previously described. CONCLUSION We are the first to report a splice variant of BCOR/CCNB3 which reveals the central position of BCOR in the oncogenesis of these tumors, furthermore we highlight the importance of molecular diagnostics in Ewing-like sarcomas and discuss the current treatment options for this rare entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Tourkantoni
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Louisa Mahaira
- Department of Genetics, Aghios Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Michali
- Department of Genetics, Aghios Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Patereli
- Department of Pathology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Stefanaki
- Department of Pathology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tzotzola
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Margarita Baka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Panagiotis and Aglaia Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
A novel fusion protein TBLR1-RARα acts as an oncogene to induce murine promyelocytic leukemia: identification and treatment strategies. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:607. [PMID: 34117212 PMCID: PMC8196070 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a specific chromosome translocation involving RARα and its fusion partners. For decades, the advent of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) synergized with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has turned most APL from highly fatal to highly curable. TBLR1-RARα (TR) is the tenth fusion gene of APL identified in our previous study, with its oncogenic role in the pathogenesis of APL not wholly unraveled. In this study, we found the expression of TR in mouse hematopoietic progenitors induces blockade of differentiation with enhanced proliferative capacity in vitro. A novel murine transplantable leukemia model was then established by expressing TR fusion gene in lineage-negative bone marrow mononuclear cells. Characteristics of primary TR mice revealed a rapid onset of aggressive leukemia with bleeding diathesis, which recapitulates human APL more accurately than other models. Despite the in vitro sensitivity to ATRA-induced cell differentiation, neither ATRA monotherapy nor combination with As2O3 confers survival benefit to TR mice, consistent with poor clinical outcome of APL patients with TR fusion gene. Based on histone deacetylation phenotypes implied by bioinformatic analysis, HDAC inhibitors demonstrated significant survival superiority in the survival of TR mice, yielding insights into clinical efficacy against rare types of APL.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kyriazoglou A, Bagos P. Meta-analysis of BCOR rearranged sarcomas: challenging the therapeutic approach. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:721-726. [PMID: 33630701 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1890818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BCOR rearranged sarcomas comprise a group of malignant mesenchymal tumors that until recently were classified as Ewing sarcomas or as undifferentiated round cell sarcomas. The identification of alterations involving BCOR gene such as BCOR-CCNB3, BCOR-MAML3, ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion genes and BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) is characteristic for the differential diagnosis of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. Due to the rarity of these tumors there is no consensus or guidelines regarding the optimal therapeutic algorithm, that clinicians should follow. PATIENTS AND METHODS Herein we have conducted a meta-analysis of the current reports dealing with the therapeutic approach of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. RESULTS Meta-analysis of the 57 eligible cases from 10 studies resulted to similar Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) and overall survival (OS) for patients who received Ewing protocols and non-Ewing oriented treatment. Further similar death rate was reported for both strategies (non-Ewing 20% Vs Ewing 21.8%). CONCLUSION Our data support that non-Ewing treatment strategy can be considered a safe option, being at least equal to Ewing protocols. The current study provides a hint toward the optimal therapeutic approach of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. Further, the present study challenges the use of the term Ewing-like sarcomas, since the current literature supports that BCOR rearranged sarcomas deserve their own distinct classification in terms of genetics, pathology and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Kyriazoglou
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manjur ABMK, Lempiäinen JK, Malinen M, Varjosalo M, Palvimo JJ, Niskanen EA. BCOR modulates transcriptional activity of a subset of glucocorticoid receptor target genes involved in cell growth and mobility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105873. [PMID: 33722704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) is a key transcription factor (TF) that regulates vital metabolic and anti-inflammatory processes. We have identified BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) as a dexamethasone-stimulated interaction partner of GR. BCOR is a component of non-canonical polycomb repressor complex 1.1 (ncPCR1.1) and linked to different developmental disorders and cancers, but the role of BCOR in GC signaling is poorly characterized. Here, using ChIP-seq we show that, GC induces genome-wide redistribution of BCOR chromatin binding towards GR-occupied enhancers in HEK293 cells. As assessed by RNA-seq, depletion of BCOR altered the expression of hundreds of GC-regulated genes, especially the ones linked to TNF signaling, GR signaling and cell migration pathways. Biotinylation-based proximity mapping revealed that GR and BCOR share several interacting partners, including nuclear receptor corepressor NCOR1. ChIP-seq showed that the NCOR1 co-occurs with both BCOR and GR on a subset of enhancers upon GC treatment. Simultaneous depletion of BCOR and NCOR1 influenced GR target gene expression in a combinatorial and gene-specific manner. Finally, we show using live cell imaging that the depletion of BCOR together with NCOR1 markedly enhances cell migration. Collectively, our data suggest BCOR as an important gene and pathway selective coregulator of GR transcriptional activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjo Malinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Einari A Niskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang X, Sun J, Yu W, Jin J. Current views on the genetic landscape and management of variant acute promyelocytic leukemia. Biomark Res 2021; 9:33. [PMID: 33957999 PMCID: PMC8101136 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the accumulation of promyelocytes in bone marrow. More than 95% of patients with this disease belong to typical APL, which express PML-RARA and are sensitive to differentiation induction therapy containing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), and they exhibit an excellent clinical outcome. Compared to typical APL, variant APL showed quite different aspects, and how to recognize, diagnose, and treat variant APL remained still challenged at present. Herein, we drew the genetic landscape of variant APL according to recent progresses, then discussed how they contributed to generate APL, and further shared our clinical experiences about variant APL treatment. In practice, when APL phenotype was exhibited but PML-RARA and t(15;17) were negative, variant APL needed to be considered, and fusion gene screen as well as RNA-sequencing should be displayed for making the diagnosis as soon as possible. Strikingly, we found that besides of RARA rearrangements, RARB or RARG rearrangements also generated the phenotype of APL. In addition, some MLL rearrangements, NPM1 rearrangements or others could also drove variant APL in absence of RARA/RARB/RARG rearrangements. These results indicated that one great heterogeneity existed in the genetics of variant APL. Among them, only NPM1-RARA, NUMA-RARA, FIP1L1-RARA, IRF2BP2-RARA, and TFG-RARA have been demonstrated to be sensitive to ATRA, so combined chemotherapy rather than differentiation induction therapy was the standard care for variant APL and these patients would benefit from the quick switch between them. If ATRA-sensitive RARA rearrangement was identified, ATRA could be added back for re-induction of differentiation. Through this review, we hoped to provide one integrated view on the genetic landscape of variant APL and helped to remove the barriers for managing this type of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Rd, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Sun
- Center Laboratory, Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Rd, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Rd, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
BCOR gene alterations in hematological diseases. Blood 2021; 138:2455-2468. [PMID: 33945606 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) is a transcription factor involved in the control of embryogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells function, hematopoiesis and lymphoid development. Recurrent somatic clonal mutations of the BCOR gene and its homologue BCORL1 have been detected in several hematological malignancies and aplastic anemia. They are scattered across the whole gene length and mostly represent frameshifts (deletions, insertions), nonsense and missence mutations. These disruptive events lead to the loss of full-length BCOR protein and to the lack or low expression of a truncated form of the protein, both consistent with the tumor suppressor role of BCOR. BCOR and BCORL1 mutations are similar to those causing two rare X-linked diseases: the oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) and the Shukla-Vernon syndromes, respectively. Here, we focus on the structure and function of normal BCOR and BCORL1 in normal hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues and review the frequency and clinical significance of the mutations of these genes in malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases. Moreover, we discuss the importance of mouse models to better understand the role of Bcor loss, alone and combined with alterations of other genes (e.g. Dnmt3a and Tet2), in promoting hematological malignancies and in providing a useful platform for the development of new targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mi RH, Chen L, Liu J, Liu T, Wang K, Dong LH, Li X, He YZ, Liu ZB, Guo XJ, Guo SL, Zhao HM, Tang JH, Ma XM, Li YF, Wei XD. [Clinical analysis of 10 patients of acute promyelocytic leukemia with a variant RARα translocation]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2020; 41:257-260. [PMID: 32311899 PMCID: PMC7357931 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R H Mi
- Henan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - L Chen
- Henan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - J Liu
- Henan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - T Liu
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000,China
| | - K Wang
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000,China
| | - L H Dong
- Henan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - X Li
- Henan University First Affiliated Hospital, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Y Z He
- Puyang City Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang 457001, China
| | - Z B Liu
- Puyang City Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang 457001, China
| | - X J Guo
- Puyang City Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang 457001, China
| | - S L Guo
- Luoyang Central Hospital, Luoyang 471099, China
| | - H M Zhao
- Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475399, China
| | - J H Tang
- People's Liberation Army in the 988 Hospital (Kaifeng District), Kaifeng 475002, China
| | - X M Ma
- Pingdingshan First People's Hospital,Pingdingshan 467021, China
| | - Y F Li
- Henan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - X D Wei
- Henan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pisapia DJ, Ohara K, Bareja R, Wilkes DC, Hissong E, Croyle JA, Kim JH, Saab J, MacDonald TY, Beg S, O’Reilly C, Kudman S, Rubin MA, Elemento O, Sboner A, Greenfield J, Mosquera JM. Fusions involving BCOR and CREBBP are rare events in infiltrating glioma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:80. [PMID: 32493417 PMCID: PMC7271411 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BCOR has been recognized as a recurrently altered gene in a subset of pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we describe a novel BCOR-CREBBP fusion event in a case of pediatric infiltrating astrocytoma and further probe the frequency of related fusion events in CNS tumors. We analyzed biopsy samples taken from a 15-year-old male with an aggressive, unresectable and multifocal infiltrating astrocytoma. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and targeted DNA sequencing. In the index case, the fused BCOR-CREBBP transcript comprises exons 1-4 of BCOR and exon 31 of CREBBP. The fused gene thus retains the Bcl6 interaction domain of BCOR while eliminating the domain that has been shown to interact with the polycomb group protein PCGF1. The fusion event was validated by FISH and reverse transcriptase PCR. An additional set of 177 pediatric and adult primary CNS tumors were assessed via FISH for BCOR break apart events, all of which were negative. An additional 509 adult lower grade infiltrating gliomas from the publicly available TCGA dataset were screened for BCOR or CREBBP fusions. In this set, one case was found to harbor a CREBBP-GOLGA6L2 fusion and one case a CREBBP-SRRM2 fusion. In a third patient, both BCOR-L3MBTL2 and EP300-BCOR fusions were seen. Of particular interest to this study, EP300 is a paralog of CREBBP and the breakpoint seen involves a similar region of the gene to that of the index case; however, the resultant transcript is predicted to be completely distinct. While this gene fusion may play an oncogenic role through the loss of tumor suppressor functions of BCOR and CREBBP, further screening over larger cohorts and functional validation is needed to determine the degree to which this or similar fusions are recurrent and to elucidate their oncogenic potential.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mannan A, Muhsen IN, Barragán E, Sanz MA, Mohty M, Hashmi SK, Aljurf M. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Translocation Variants. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 13:189-201. [PMID: 32473106 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special disease entity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has transformed APL into the most curable form of AML. The majority of APL cases are characterized by the fusion gene PML-RARA. Although the PML-RARA fusion gene can be detected in almost all APL cases, translocation variants of APL have been reported. To date, this is the most comprehensive review of these translocations, discussing 15 different variants. Reviewed genes involved in APL variants include: ZBTB16, NPM, NuMA, STAT5b, PRKAR1A, FIP1L1, BCOR, NABP1, TBLR1, GTF2I, IRF2BP2, FNDC3B, ADAMDTS17, STAT3, and TFG. The genotypic and phenotypic features of APL translocations are summarized. All reported studies were either case reports or case series indicating the rarity of these entities and limiting the ability to drive conclusions regarding their characteristics. However, reported variants have shown variable clinical and morphological features, with diverse responsiveness to ATRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, UK
| | - Ibrahim N Muhsen
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Eva Barragán
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sanz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sobas M, Talarn-Forcadell MC, Martínez-Cuadrón D, Escoda L, García-Pérez MJ, Mariz J, Mela-Osorio MJ, Fernández I, Alonso-Domínguez JM, Cornago-Navascués J, Rodríguez-Macias G, Amutio ME, Rodríguez-Medina C, Esteve J, Sokół A, Murciano-Carrillo T, Calasanz MJ, Barrios M, Barragán E, Sanz MA, Montesinos P. PLZF-RAR α, NPM1-RAR α, and Other Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Variants: The PETHEMA Registry Experience and Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051313. [PMID: 32455804 PMCID: PMC7281281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that 1–2% of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients present variant rearrangements of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) fusion gene, with the promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (PLZF)/RARα being the most frequent. Resistance to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been suggested in PLZF/RARα and other variant APLs. Herein, we analyze the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of variant APLs reported to the multinational PETHEMA (Programa para el Tratamiento de Hemopatias Malignas) registry, and we perform a systematic review in order to shed light on strategies to improve management of these extremely rare diseases. Of 2895 patients with genetically confirmed APL in the PETHEMA registry, 11 had variant APL (0.4%) (9 PLZF-RARα and 2 NPM1-RARα), 9 were men, with median age of 44.6 years (3 months to 76 years), median leucocytes (WBC) 16.8 × 109/L, and frequent coagulopathy. Eight patients were treated with ATRA plus chemotherapy-based regimens, and 3 with chemotherapy-based. As compared to previous reports, complete remission and survival was slightly better in our cohort, with 73% complete remission (CR) and 73% survival despite a high relapse rate (43%). After analyzing our series and performing a comprehensive and critical review of the literature, strong recommendations on appropriate management of variant APL are not possible due to the low number and heterogeneity of patients reported so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sobas
- Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
| | | | - David Martínez-Cuadrón
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, 46-009 Valencia, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (M.A.S.)
- CIBERONC Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28-020 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lourdes Escoda
- Hospital of Tarragona “Joan XXIII”, Hematology-ICO, 43-005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.T.-F.); (L.E.)
| | | | - Jose Mariz
- Department of Hematology, Istituto Portugues de Oncologi IPO, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - María J. Mela-Osorio
- Fundaleu, Department of Hematology, Buenos Aires 1114, Argentina; (M.J.M.-O.); (I.F.)
| | - Isolda Fernández
- Fundaleu, Department of Hematology, Buenos Aires 1114, Argentina; (M.J.M.-O.); (I.F.)
| | - Juan M. Alonso-Domínguez
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz IIS-FJD, 28-040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.A.-D.); (J.C.-N.)
| | - Javier Cornago-Navascués
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz IIS-FJD, 28-040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.A.-D.); (J.C.-N.)
| | | | - María E. Amutio
- Department of Hematology, Hospital de Cruces, 48-903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Medina
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, 35-010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, 08-036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Agnieszka Sokół
- Department of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
| | | | - María J. Calasanz
- Department of Hematology, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, 31-008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Manuel Barrios
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Carlos Haya, 29-014 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Eva Barragán
- CIBERONC Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28-020 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, 46-009 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sanz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, 46-009 Valencia, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (M.A.S.)
- CIBERONC Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28-020 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pau Montesinos
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, 46-009 Valencia, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (M.A.S.)
- CIBERONC Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28-020 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Geoffroy MC, de Thé H. Classic and Variants APLs, as Viewed from a Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E967. [PMID: 32295268 PMCID: PMC7226009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are caused by PML-RARA, a translocation-driven fusion oncoprotein discovered three decades ago. Over the years, several other types of rare X-RARA fusions have been described, while recently, oncogenic fusion proteins involving other retinoic acid receptors (RARB or RARG) have been associated to very rare cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia. PML-RARA driven pathogenesis and the molecular basis for therapy response have been the focus of many studies, which have now converged into an integrated physio-pathological model. The latter is well supported by clinical and molecular studies on patients, making APL one of the rare hematological disorder cured by targeted therapies. Here we review recent data on APL-like diseases not driven by the PML-RARA fusion and discuss these in view of current understanding of "classic" APL pathogenesis and therapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75010 Paris, France;
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), 75010 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75010 Paris, France;
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), 75010 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital St-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liquori A, Ibañez M, Sargas C, Sanz MÁ, Barragán E, Cervera J. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Constellation of Molecular Events around a Single PML-RARA Fusion Gene. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030624. [PMID: 32182684 PMCID: PMC7139833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is one of the most characterized forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of this disease are still a matter of study. APL is defined by the PML-RARA rearrangement as a consequence of the translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21). However, this abnormality alone is not able to trigger the whole leukemic phenotype and secondary cooperating events might contribute to APL pathogenesis. Additional somatic mutations are known to occur recurrently in several genes, such as FLT3, WT1, NRAS and KRAS, whereas mutations in other common AML genes are rarely detected, resulting in a different molecular profile compared to other AML subtypes. How this mutational spectrum, including point mutations in the PML-RARA fusion gene, could contribute to the 10%–15% of relapsed or resistant APL patients is still unknown. Moreover, due to the uncertain impact of additional mutations on prognosis, the identification of the APL-specific genetic lesion is still the only method recommended in the routine evaluation/screening at diagnosis and for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. However, the gene expression profile of genes, such as ID1, BAALC, ERG, and KMT2E, once combined with the molecular events, might improve future prognostic models, allowing us to predict clinical outcomes and to categorize APL patients in different risk subsets, as recently reported. In this review, we will focus on the molecular characterization of APL patients at diagnosis, relapse and resistance, in both children and adults. We will also describe different standardized molecular approaches to study MRD, including those recently developed. Finally, we will discuss how novel molecular findings can improve the management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Liquori
- Accredited Research Group in Hematology and Hemotherapy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Mariam Ibañez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (M.Á.S.); (E.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Sargas
- Accredited Research Group in Hematology and Hemotherapy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (M.Á.S.); (E.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Barragán
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (M.Á.S.); (E.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Cervera
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (M.Á.S.); (E.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen S, Li X, Ma S, Xing X, Wang X, Zhu Z. Chemogenomics analysis of drug targets for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:753-763. [PMID: 32016577 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main challenges in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are currently early mortality, relapse, refractory disease after induction therapy, and drug resistance to ATRA and ATO. In this study, a computational chemogenomics approach was used to identify new molecular targets and drugs for APL treatment. The transcriptional profiles induced by APL were compared with those induced by genetic or chemical perturbations. The genes that can reverse the transcriptional profiles induced by APL when perturbed were considered to be potential therapeutic targets for APL. Drugs targeting these genes or proteins are predicted to be able to treat APL if they can reverse the APL-induced transcriptional profiles. To improve the target identification accuracy of the above correlation method, we plotted the functional protein association networks of the predicted targets by STRING. The results determined PML, RARA, SPI1, HDAC3, CEBPA, NPM1, ABL1, BCR, PTEN, FOS, PDGFRB, FGFR1, NUP98, AFF1, and MEIS1 to be top candidates. Interestingly, the functions of PML, RARA, HDAC3, CEBPA, NPM1, ABL, and BCR in APL have been previously reported in the literature. This is the first chemogenomics analysis predicting potential APL drug targets, and the findings could be used to guide the design of new drugs targeting refractory and recurrent APL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cheminformatics
- Datasets as Topic
- Drug Design
- Drug Development
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/radiation effects
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Protein Interaction Mapping
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Transcriptome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, 967th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 80 Shengli Road, Xigang district, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shifan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinrui Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 967th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 80 Shengli Road, Xigang district, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lempiäinen JK, Manjur ABMK, Malinen M, Ketola K, Niskanen EA, Palvimo JJ. BCOR-coupled H2A monoubiquitination represses a subset of androgen receptor target genes regulating prostate cancer proliferation. Oncogene 2020; 39:2391-2407. [PMID: 31925334 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have identified BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) as a hormone-dependent interaction partner of androgen receptor (AR), a key transcription factor in the development of normal and cancerous prostate. BCOR is often mutated in cancers and hematological diseases and as a component of a non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (ncPRC1.1) required for arranging many facets of cellular differentiation. However, its role in androgen signaling or prostate cancer cells remains unknown. Here, our genome-wide analyses reveal that BCOR is recruited in an androgen-dependent fashion to majority of AR-binding chromatin sites in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Interestingly, depletion of BCOR has a significant effect on the expression of androgen-repressed genes linked to regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and development. At many of these genes, such as HOX genes, the depletion leads to a decrease in H2A K119 monoubiquitination and an increase in mRNA expression. Consistently, BCOR depletion impairs the proliferation and viability of CRPC cells, inducing their apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicate a key role for the BCOR-ncPRC1.1 complex in the corepression of an important subset of AR target genes and the regulation of prostate cancer cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjo Malinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Ketola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Einari A Niskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Agaram NP, Zhang L, Dickson BC, Swanson D, Sung YS, Panicek DM, Hameed M, Healey JH, Antonescu CR. A molecular study of synovial chondromatosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 59:144-151. [PMID: 31589790 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare benign cartilaginous neoplasm in which recurrent fibronectin 1 (FN1) and activin receptor 2A (ACVR2A) gene rearrangements have been recently reported. Triggered by a case of malignant transformation in SC (synovial chondrosarcoma) showing a novel KMT2A-BCOR gene fusion by targeted RNA sequencing, we sought to evaluate the molecular abnormalities in a cohort of 27 SC cases using a combined methodology of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or targeted RNA sequencing. Results showed that FN1 and /or ACVR2A gene rearrangements were noted in 18 cases (67%), with an FN1-ACVR2A fusion being confirmed in 15 (56%) cases. Two cases showed only FN1 gene rearrangement, without other abnormalities. A novel FN1-NFATc2 gene fusion was noted in one case by RNA sequencing. The remaining nine cases showed no abnormalities in FN1 and ACVR2A genes. No additional cases showed BCOR gene alterations. In conclusion, this study confirms that FN1-ACVR2A fusion is the leading pathogenetic event in SC, at even higher frequency than previously reported. FISH methodology emerges as an appropriate tool in the identification of FN1 and ACVR2A gene abnormalities, which can be used in challenging cases. Further studies are needed to determine the recurrent potential of BCOR abnormalities in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Swanson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun-Shao Sung
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David M Panicek
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John H Healey
- Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wolski D, Lauer GM. Hepatitis C Virus as a Unique Human Model Disease to Define Differences in the Transcriptional Landscape of T Cells in Acute versus Chronic Infection. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080683. [PMID: 31357397 PMCID: PMC6723887 DOI: 10.3390/v11080683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus is unique among chronic viral infections in that an acute outcome with complete viral elimination is observed in a minority of infected patients. This unique feature allows direct comparison of successful immune responses with those that fail in the setting of the same human infection. Here we review how this scenario can be used to achieve better understanding of transcriptional regulation of T-cell differentiation. Specifically, we discuss results from a study comparing transcriptional profiles of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8 T-cells during early HCV infection between patients that do and do not control and eliminate HCV. Identification of early gene expression differences in key T-cell differentiation molecules as well as clearly distinct transcriptional networks related to cell metabolism and nucleosomal regulation reveal novel insights into the development of exhausted and memory T-cells. With additional transcriptional studies of HCV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cells in different stages of infection currently underway, we expect HCV infection to become a valuable model disease to study human immunity to viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Wolski
- Liver Center at the Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Liver Center at the Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BCOR is a gene that encodes for an epigenetic regulator involved in the specification of cell differentiation and body structure development and takes part in the noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1. This review provides a comprehensive summary of BCOR’s involvement in oncology, illustrating that various BCOR aberrations, such as the internal tandem duplications of the PCGF Ub-like fold discriminator domain and different gene fusions (mainly BCOR–CCNB3, BCOR–MAML3 and ZC3H7B–BCOR), represent driver elements of various sarcomas such as clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, primitive mesenchymal myxoid tumor of infancy, small round blue cell sarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma and histologically heterogeneous CNS neoplasms group with similar genomic methylation patterns known as CNS-HGNET-BCOR. Furthermore, other BCOR alterations (often loss of function mutations) recur in a large variety of mesenchymal, epithelial, neural and hematological tumors, suggesting a central role in cancer evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Astolfi
- 'Giorgio Prodi' Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Fiore
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fraia Melchionda
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- 'Giorgio Prodi' Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore N Bertuccio
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang X, Wang J, Zhang L. Characterization of atypical acute promyelocytic leukaemia: Three cases report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15537. [PMID: 31083206 PMCID: PMC6531224 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The vast majority of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized with a specific chromosomal translocation t (15, 17) (q22, q21), which fuses PML-RARα leading to a good response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). However, there are few cases of atypical APL, including PLZF-RARα, F1P1L1-RARα, STAT5b-RARα, et al. Neither PLZF-RARα nor STAT5b-RARα are sensitive to ATRA and ATO, and the prognosis is poor. PATIENT CONCERNS Here we have 3 cases (PLZF-RARα, n = 2; STAT5b-RARα, n = 1). Case A, A 53-year-old Chinese female had suffered ecchymosis in both legs for 3 days. Case B, A 44 years old male suffered pain from lower limbs and hip. Case C, 52-year-old male patient presented with fever for 3 weeks invalid to antibiotics and gingival bleeding for 1 week. DIAGNOSES With RT-PCR and karyotype, Case A is diagnosed with STAT5b-RARα-positive APL.Case B, C are diagnosed with PLZF-RARα-positive APL. INTERVENTIONS In case A, ATO, and ATRA were used for induction treatment. In Case B, ATO, and chemotherapy with DA were given in the first induction treatment. In Case C, ATRA, and ATO were used immediately, subsequently, chemotherapy was added with DA, ATRA, and CAG combination treatment, and medium-dose cytarabine with daunorubicin were given regularly. OUTCOMES In Case A, the patient refused the following treatment and discharged on day 25. In Case B, the patient got the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).In Case C, the patient has survived for 7 months and remains CR. LESSONS Both STAT5b-RARα-positive APL and PLZF-RARα-positive APL appear to be resistant to both ATRA and ATO, so combined chemotherapy and allo-HSCT should be considered. Since the prognosis and long-term outcome are poor, more clinical trials, and researches should be taken.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sanz MA, Fenaux P, Tallman MS, Estey EH, Löwenberg B, Naoe T, Lengfelder E, Döhner H, Burnett AK, Chen SJ, Mathews V, Iland H, Rego E, Kantarjian H, Adès L, Avvisati G, Montesinos P, Platzbecker U, Ravandi F, Russell NH, Lo-Coco F. Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European LeukemiaNet. Blood 2019; 133:1630-1643. [PMID: 30803991 PMCID: PMC6509567 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2019-01-894980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the comprehensive recommendations for the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) reported in 2009, several studies have provided important insights, particularly regarding the role of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in frontline therapy. Ten years later, a European LeukemiaNet expert panel has reviewed the recent advances in the management of APL in both frontline and relapse settings in order to develop updated evidence- and expert opinion-based recommendations on the management of this disease. Together with providing current indications on genetic diagnosis, modern risk-adapted frontline therapy, and salvage treatment, the review contains specific recommendations for the identification and management of the most important complications such as the bleeding disorder APL differentiation syndrome, QT prolongation, and other all-trans retinoic acid- and ATO-related toxicities, as well as recommendations for molecular assessment of the response to treatment. Finally, the approach to special situations is also discussed, including management of APL in children, elderly patients, and pregnant women. The most important challenges remaining in APL include early death, which still occurs before and during induction therapy, and optimizing treatment in patients with high-risk disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sanz
- Departamento de Hematologia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bob Löwenberg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eva Lengfelder
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alan K Burnett
- Department of Haematology, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vikram Mathews
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Harry Iland
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Eduardo Rego
- Hematology Division and
- Clinical Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lionel Adès
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Pau Montesinos
- Departamento de Hematologia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nigel H Russell
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yan W, Li J, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Cheng Z, Wang J, Hu G, Liu S, Wang Y, Xu Y, Peng H, Zhang G. RNF8 is responsible for ATRA resistance in variant acute promyelocytic leukemia with GTF2I/RARA fusion, and inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway contributes to the reversion of ATRA resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:84. [PMID: 30992691 PMCID: PMC6449960 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GTF2I-RARA is a newly identified RARA fusion gene in variant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients with t(7;17)(q11;q21). Clinical manifestation in the patient showed that it is a sort of ATRA-insensitive oncogene and is different from the classic PML-RARA in terms of therapeutic reaction. Methods To reveal the functional characteristics and regulating mechanism of the GTF2I-RARA fusion gene, we established a GTF2I-RARA-transfected HL60 cell model and examined its sensitivity to ATRA by western blot, MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Wright-Giemsa staining. Coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy were used to examine the binding of GTF2I-RARA and transcriptional corepressors. We also performed ChIP-seq to search for potential target genes. Immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, western blot, luciferase assay, and real-time PCR were used to analyze the effects of RNF8 on RARA. Flow cytometry and Wright-Giemsa staining were used to study the effect of MG132 and ATRA on the GTF2I-RARA-transfected HL60 cell model. Result We confirmed resistance of GTF2I-RARA to ATRA. Compared with PML-RARA, GTF2I-RARA has a higher affinity to HDAC3 under ATRA treatment. Using the ChIP-sequencing approach, we identified 221 GTF2I-RARA binding sites in model cells and found that the RING finger protein 8 (RNF8) is a target gene of GTF2I-RARA. RNF8 participates in disease progression and therapy resistance in APL with the GTF2I-RARA transcript. Elevated RNF8 expression promotes the interaction between RARA and RNF8 and induces RARA Lys-48 linkage ubiquitylation and degradation, resulting in attenuated transcriptional activation of RARA. Conclusion Our results suggest that RNF8 is a key GTF2I-RARA downstream event. Using the combination of MG132 and ATRA to treat GTF2I-RARA-HL60 cells, a synergistic effect leading to GTF2I-RARA-HL60 cell differentiation was confirmed. Taken together, the targeting of RNF8 may be an alternative choice for treatment in variant APL with GTF2I-RARA fusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0803-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yan
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ji Li
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yang Zhang
- 2Department of Oncology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yafei Yin
- Department of Hematology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- 4Department of Nephrology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Guoyu Hu
- 5Department of Hematology, Zhuzhou No.1 Hospital, Zhuzhou, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Sufang Liu
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yewei Wang
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yunxiao Xu
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Hongling Peng
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hussain L, Maimaitiyiming Y, Islam K, Naranmandura H. Acute promyelocytic leukemia and variant fusion proteins: PLZF-RARα fusion protein at a glance. Semin Oncol 2019; 46:133-144. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
28
|
BCOR-CCNB3 Fusion Positive Sarcomas: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of 36 Cases With Comparison to Morphologic Spectrum and Clinical Behavior of Other Round Cell Sarcomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 42:604-615. [PMID: 29300189 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BCOR-CCNB3 sarcoma (BCS) is a recently defined genetic entity among undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, which was initially classified as and treated similarly to the Ewing sarcoma (ES) family of tumors. In contrast to ES, BCS shows consistent BCOR overexpression, and preliminary evidence suggests that these tumors share morphologic features with other tumors harboring BCOR genetic alterations, including BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) and BCOR-MAML3. To further investigate the pathologic features, clinical behavior, and their relationship to other round cell sarcomas, we collected 36 molecularly confirmed BCSs for a detailed histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Four of the cases were also analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq). An additional case with BCOR overexpression but negative CCNB3 abnormality showed a novel KMT2D-BCOR fusion by targeted RNAseq. The patients ranged in age from 2 to 44 years old (mean and median, 15), with striking male predominance (M:F=31:5). The tumor locations were slightly more common in bone (n=20) than soft tissue (n=14), with rare visceral (kidney, n=2) involvement. Histologically, BCS showed a spectrum of round to spindle cells with variable cellularity, monomorphic nuclei and fine chromatin pattern, delicate capillary network, and varying amounts of myxoid or collagenous stroma. The morphologic features and immunoprofile showed considerable overlap with other round cell sarcomas with BCOR oncogenic upregulation, that is, BCOR-MAML3 and BCOR ITD. Follow-up available in 22 patients showed a 5-year overall survival of 72%, which was relatively similar to ES (79%, P=0.738) and significantly better than CIC-DUX4 sarcomas (43%, P=0.005) control groups. Local recurrences occurred in 6 patients and distant metastases (lung, soft tissue/bone, pancreas) in 4. Seven of 9 cases treated with an ES chemotherapy regimen with evaluable histologic response showed >60% necrosis in posttherapy resections. Unsupervised clustering by RNAseq data revealed that tumors with BCOR genetic alterations, including BCOR-CCNB3, BCOR-MAML3, and BCOR ITD, formed a tight genomic group distinct from ES and CIC-rearranged sarcomas.
Collapse
|
29
|
Dobrotkova V, Chlapek P, Mazanek P, Sterba J, Veselska R. Traffic lights for retinoids in oncology: molecular markers of retinoid resistance and sensitivity and their use in the management of cancer differentiation therapy. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1059. [PMID: 30384831 PMCID: PMC6211450 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, retinoids and their synthetic derivatives have been well established anticancer treatments due to their ability to regulate cell growth and induce cell differentiation and apoptosis. Many studies have reported the promising role of retinoids in attaining better outcomes for adult or pediatric patients suffering from several types of cancer, especially acute myeloid leukemia and neuroblastoma. However, even this promising differentiation therapy has some limitations: retinoid toxicity and intrinsic or acquired resistance have been observed in many patients. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers that predict the therapeutic response to retinoid treatment is undoubtedly important for retinoid use in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on candidate markers, including both genetic alterations and protein markers, for retinoid resistance and sensitivity in human malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viera Dobrotkova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chlapek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mazanek
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferreira J, Félix A, Lennerz JK, Oliva E. Recent advances in the histological and molecular classification of endometrial stromal neoplasms. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:665-678. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
31
|
Osumi T, Tsujimoto SI, Tamura M, Uchiyama M, Nakabayashi K, Okamura K, Yoshida M, Tomizawa D, Watanabe A, Takahashi H, Hori T, Yamamoto S, Hamamoto K, Migita M, Ogata-Kawata H, Uchiyama T, Kizawa H, Ueno-Yokohata H, Shirai R, Seki M, Ohki K, Takita J, Inukai T, Ogawa S, Kitamura T, Matsumoto K, Hata K, Kiyokawa N, Goyama S, Kato M. Recurrent RARB Translocations in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Lacking RARA Translocation. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4452-4458. [PMID: 29921692 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Translocations of retinoic acid receptor-α (RARA), typically PML-RARA, are a genetic hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, because a small fraction of APL lack translocations of RARA, we focused here on APL cases without RARA translocation to elucidate the molecular etiology of RARA-negative APL. We performed whole-genome sequencing, PCR, and FISH for five APL cases without RARA translocations. Four of five RARA-negative APL cases had translocations involving retinoic acid receptor-β (RARB) translocations, and TBL1XR1-RARB was identified as an in-frame fusion in three cases; one case had an RARB rearrangement detected by FISH, although the partner gene could not be identified. When transduced in cell lines, TBL1XR1-RARB homodimerized and diminished transcriptional activity for the retinoic acid receptor pathway in a dominant-negative manner. TBL1XR1-RARB enhanced the replating capacity of mouse bone marrow cells and inhibited myeloid maturation of human cord blood cells as PML-RARA did. However, the response of APL with RARB translocation to retinoids was attenuated compared with that of PML-RARA, an observation in line with the clinical resistance of RARB-positive APL to ATRA. Our results demonstrate that the majority of RARA-negative APL have RARB translocations, thereby forming a novel, distinct subgroup of APL. TBL1XR1-RARB as an oncogenic protein exerts effects similar to those of PML-RARA, underpinning the importance of retinoic acid pathway alterations in the pathogenesis of APL.Significance: These findings report a novel and distinct genetic subtype of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by illustrating that the majority of APL without RARA translocations harbor RARB translocations. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4452-8. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Osumi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tsujimoto
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Moe Tamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meri Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Tsukasa Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Migita
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ogata-Kawata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kizawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ueno-Yokohata
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Shirai
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Matsumoto
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kiyokawa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. .,Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baba S, Pandith A, Shah Z, Baba R. Pathogenetic implication of fusion genes in acute promyelocytic leukemia and their diagnostic utility. Clin Genet 2018; 95:41-52. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Baba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MedicineSher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India
| | - A.A. Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human GeneticsSher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India
| | - Z.A. Shah
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MedicineSher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India
| | - R.A. Baba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MedicineSher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Specht K, Hartmann W. [Ewing sarcomas and Ewing-like sarcomas : New aspects]. DER PATHOLOGE 2018; 39:154-163. [PMID: 29480450 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-018-0421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas of the Ewing family of tumors are aggressive neoplasms occurring in bone and soft tissue of mostly children and young adults. Classical Ewing sarcomas are pathognomonically characterized by fusions between a gene of the RNA-binding TET family (EWSR1 or FUS) with a gene of the ETS-transcription family (FLI1, ERG, ETV1, ETV4 or FEV). Less frequent cases designated as Ewing-like sarcomas show different genetic rearrangements between EWSR1 and non-ETS genes (NFATC2, POU5F1, SMARCA5, PATZ, ZSG, SP3). Moreover, new molecular alterations biologically unrelated to Ewing sarcomas have recently been described in the category of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas including CIC-DUX4 fusions or BCOR alterations, each carrying unique gene expression signatures. In contrast to classical Ewing sarcomas, the morphologic spectrum of these tumor entities is much broader and includes round cell areas as well as spindled and myxoid components. The immunohistochemical profile with inconsistent CD99 positivity makes diagnosis more difficult and requires the use of a broad spectrum of antibodies and elaborate molecular work-up. Further studies for future therapeutic decision making in these newly described round cell sarcomas as well as for molecular subclassification of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas are ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Specht
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - W Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Identification of novel recurrent STAT3-RARA fusions in acute promyelocytic leukemia lacking t(15;17)(q22;q12)/PML-RARA. Blood 2018; 131:935-939. [PMID: 29237593 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-807370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
|
35
|
Mazharuddin S, Chattopadhyay A, Levy MY, Redner RL. IRF2BP2-RARA t(1;17)(q42.3;q21.2) APL blasts differentiate in response to all-trans retinoic acid. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2246-2249. [PMID: 29350080 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1421761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuja Chattopadhyay
- b UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Moshe Y Levy
- a Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Robert L Redner
- b UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jia Y, Li C, Zhao J, Song Y, Wang J, Mi Y. The discussion of t(1;17)(p11;q21) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia patient on molecular remission. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1594-1596. [PMID: 29026552 PMCID: PMC5628225 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some chromosomal aberrations emerging in the course of treatment are probably not related to disease progression, but attribute to the germline alteration. Therefore, the dynamic genetic tests should be performed during the whole treatment process, which is significantly essential for efficacy evaluation and treatment decision‐ making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Department of Clinical Hematology, and Department of Hematopathology Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Chengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Department of Clinical Hematology, and Department of Hematopathology Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Department of Clinical Hematology, and Department of Hematopathology Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Department of Clinical Hematology, and Department of Hematopathology Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology Cangzhou Central Hospital Hebei China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Department of Clinical Hematology, and Department of Hematopathology Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Geyer JT, Mathew S. Myelomonocytic leukemia with intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions, double minute chromosomes and MYC amplification. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:457-458. [PMID: 28755206 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Susan Mathew
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APML) is a subtype of leukaemia arising from a distinct reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 15 and 17, which results in the PML-RARA fusion gene. Over the past three decades, APML has been transformed from a highly fatal disease to a highly curable one. This drastic improvement is because of the introduction of a new treatment strategy with all-trans retinoic acid and, more recently, arsenic trioxide. The revolutionary treatment of APML has also paved the way for a new cancer treatment, which is genetically targeted therapy. In this review, we look into this amazing journey of transformation and provide recent advances in the management of APML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hin Ng
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Recurrent BCOR Internal Tandem Duplication and YWHAE-NUTM2B Fusions in Soft Tissue Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcoma of Infancy: Overlapping Genetic Features With Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 40:1009-20. [PMID: 26945340 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue undifferentiated round cell sarcoma (URCS) occurring in infants is a heterogenous group of tumors, often lacking known genetic abnormalities. On the basis of a t(10;17;14) karyotype in a pelvic URCS of a 4-month-old boy showing similar breakpoints with clear cell sarcoma of kidney (CCSK), we have investigated the possibility of shared genetic abnormalities in CCSK and soft tissue URCS. Most CCSKs are characterized by BCOR exon 16 internal tandem duplications (ITDs), whereas a smaller subset shows YWHAE-NUTM2B/E fusions. Because of overlapping clinicopathologic features, we have also investigated these genetic alterations in the so-called primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy (PMMTI). Among the 22 infantile URCSs and 7 PMMTIs selected, RNA sequencing was performed in 5 and 2 cases, with frozen tissue, respectively. The remaining cases with archival material were tested for YWHAE-NUTM2B/E by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and BCOR ITD by PCR. A control group of 4 CCSKs and 14 URCSs in older children or adults without known gene fusion and 20 other sarcomas with similar histomorphology or age at presentation were also tested. A YWHAE-NUTM2B fusion was confirmed in the index case by FISH and RT-PCR, whereas BCOR ITD was lacking. An identical YWHAE-NUTM2B fusion was found in another URCS case of a 5-month-old girl with a back lesion. The remaining cases and control group lacked YWHAE gene rearrangements; instead, consistent BCOR ITDs, similar to CCSK, were found in 15/29 (52%) infantile sarcoma cases (9/22 infantile URCS and 6/7 PMMTI). In the control cohort, BCOR ITD was found only in 3 CCSK cases but not in the other sarcomas. Histologically, URCS with both genotypes and PMMTI shared significant histologic overlap, with uniform small blue round cells with fine chromatin and indistinct nucleoli. A prominent capillary network similar to CCSK, rosette structures, and varying degree of myxoid change were occasionally seen. BCOR ITD-positive tumors occurred preferentially in the somatic soft tissue of the trunk, abdomen, and head and neck, sparing the extremities. RNAseq showed high BCOR mRNA levels in BCOR ITD-positive cases, compared with other URCSs. In summary, we report recurrent BCOR exon 16 ITD and YWHAE-NUTM2B fusions in half of infantile soft tissue URCS and most PMMTI cases, but not in other pediatric sarcomas. These findings suggest a significant overlap between infantile URCS and CCSK, such as age at presentation, histologic features, and genetic signature, thus raising the possibility of a soft tissue counterpart to CCSK.
Collapse
|
40
|
Novel High-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: A Morphologic Mimicker of Myxoid Leiomyosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:12-24. [PMID: 27631520 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are often underpinned by recurrent chromosomal translocations resulting in the fusion of genes involved in epigenetic regulation. To date, only YWHAE-NUTM2 rearrangements are associated with distinctive high-grade morphology and aggressive clinical behavior. We identified 3 ESS morphologically mimicking myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus and sought to describe their unique histopathologic features and identify genetic alterations using next-generation sequencing. All cases displayed predominantly spindled cells associated with abundant myxoid stroma and brisk mitotic activity. Tumors involved the endometrium and demonstrated tongue-like myometrial infiltration. All 3 were associated with an aggressive clinical course, including multisite bony metastases in 1 patient, progressive peritoneal disease after chemotherapy in another, and metastases to the lung and skin in the last patient. All 3 ESS were found to harbor ZC3H7B-BCOR gene fusions by targeted sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. On the basis of the review of these cases, we find that ESS with ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion constitutes a novel type of high-grade ESS and shares significant morphologic overlap with myxoid leiomyosarcoma.
Collapse
|
41
|
Diagnosis of variant RARA translocation using standard dual-color dual-fusion PML/RARA FISH probes: An illustrative report. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2017; 12:50-53. [PMID: 28183680 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) with variant RARa translocations comprises 1-2% of APML cases. However, the diagnosis of these cases is challenging as the routine practice includes fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction targeting the PML and RARA genes to detect PML/RARA fusions. Here, we report a case highlighting the importance of atypical FISH signal patterns in standard dual-color dual-fusion PML/RARa FISH analysis complimented by karyotyping to detect these variant RARA translocations.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shimomura Y, Mitsui H, Yamashita Y, Kamae T, Kanai A, Matsui H, Ishibashi T, Tanimura A, Shibayama H, Oritani K, Kuyama J, Kanakura Y. New variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia with IRF2BP2-RARA fusion. Cancer Sci 2017; 107:1165-8. [PMID: 27193600 PMCID: PMC4982591 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient with two subtypes of IRF2BP2–RARA, in which the IRF2BP2 gene showed completely new breakpoints. Bone marrow examination revealed morphologic features indicative of APL. However, promyelocytic leukemia–RARA fusion was not detected. A paired‐end mRNA sequencing followed by RT‐PCR and direct sequencing revealed two types of fusion transcripts between exon 1B of IRF2BP2 and exon 3 of RARA. The patient received all‐trans retinoic acid and conventional chemotherapy, but showed resistance. This is the second report of IRF2BP2 involvement in APL, and we describe various breakpoints for the IRF2BP2–RARA fusion gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Shimomura
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Hospital Organization Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Mitsui
- Department of Hematology, Otemae Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Akinori Kanai
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Akira Tanimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Kuyama
- Department of Hematology, Otemae Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jovanovic JV, Chillón MC, Vincent-Fabert C, Dillon R, Voisset E, Gutiérrez NC, Sanz RG, Lopez AAM, Morgan YG, Lok J, Solomon E, Duprez E, Díaz MG, Grimwade D. The cryptic IRF2BP2-RARA fusion transforms hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and induces retinoid-sensitive acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:747-751. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
44
|
Massaro F, Molica M, Breccia M. Current first- and second-line treatment options in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:105-118. [PMID: 30302210 PMCID: PMC6171971 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has remarkably improved during the last 30 years, especially after the identification of PML-RARA oncogene as a key in the pathogenesis of APL and all-trans retinoic acid as therapeutic agent. Arsenic trioxide has been recently demonstrated to be the most effective single antileukemic agent and it has also showed synergistic action when combined with all-trans retinoic acid, decreasing relapse rate especially in low/intermediate-risk settings. Therapeutic advances led to complete remission rates of more than 90%, modifying disease history. In relapse setting, arsenic trioxide-based regimens showed efficacy for the achievement of second molecular complete remission. The most challenging issue in APL management remains the significant early deaths rate, nowadays the principal reason for treatment failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Massaro
- Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies & Hematology, Sapienza University, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Molica
- Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies & Hematology, Sapienza University, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Breccia
- Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies & Hematology, Sapienza University, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Novel BCOR-MAML3 and ZC3H7B-BCOR Gene Fusions in Undifferentiated Small Blue Round Cell Sarcomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:433-42. [PMID: 26752546 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small blue round cell tumors (SBRCTs) are a heterogenous group of tumors that are difficult to diagnose because of overlapping morphologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical features. About two-thirds of EWSR1-negative SBRCTs are associated with CIC-DUX4-related fusions, whereas another small subset shows BCOR-CCNB3 X-chromosomal paracentric inversion. Applying paired-end RNA sequencing to an SBRCT index case of a 44-year-old man, we identified a novel BCOR-MAML3 chimeric fusion, which was validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. We then screened a total of 75 SBRCTs lacking EWSR1, FUS, SYT, CIC, and BCOR-CCNB3 abnormalities for BCOR break-apart probes by fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect potential recurrent BCOR gene rearrangements outside the typical X-chromosomal inversion. Indeed, 8/75 (11%) SBRCTs showed distinct BCOR gene rearrangements, with 2 cases each showing either a BCOR-MAML3 or the alternative ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion, whereas no fusion partner was detected in the remaining 4 cases. Gene expression of the BCOR-MAML3-positive index case showed a distinct transcriptional profile with upregulation of HOX-gene signature, compared with classic Ewing's sarcoma or CIC-DUX4-positive SBRCTs. The clinicopathologic features of the SBRCTs with alternative BCOR rearrangements were also compared with a group of BCOR-CCNB3 inversion-positive cases, combining 11 from our files with a meta-analysis of 42 published cases. The BCOR-CCNB3-positive tumors occurred preferentially in children and in bone, in contrast to alternative BCOR-rearranged SBRCTs, which presented in young adults, with a variable anatomic distribution. Furthermore, BCOR-rearranged tumors often displayed spindle cell areas, either well defined in intersecting fascicles or blending with the round cell component, which appears distinct from most other fusion-positive SBRCTs and shares histologic overlap with poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma.
Collapse
|
46
|
Yan W, Zhang G. Molecular Characteristics and Clinical Significance of 12 Fusion Genes in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Systematic Review. Acta Haematol 2016; 136:1-15. [PMID: 27089249 DOI: 10.1159/000444514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the generation of the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid (RA) receptor α (PML-RARα) fusion gene. PML-RARα is the central leukemia-initiating event in APL and is directly targeted by all-trans-RA (ATRA) as well as arsenic. In classic APL harboring PML-RARα transcripts, more than 90% of patients can achieve complete remission when treated with ATRA combined with arsenic trioxide chemotherapy. In the last 20 years, more than 10 variant fusion genes have been found and identified in APL patients. These variant APL cases present different clinical phenotypes and treatment outcomes. All variant APL cases show a similar breakpoint within the RARα gene, whereas its partner genes are variable. These fusion proteins have the ability to repress rather than activate retinoic targets. These chimeric proteins also possess different molecular characteristics, thereby resulting in variable sensitivities to ATRA and clinical outcomes. In this review, we comprehensively analyze various rearrangements in variant APL cases that have been reported in the literature as well as the molecular characteristics and functions of the fusion proteins derived from different RARα partner genes and their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yan
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Adams J, Nassiri M. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Review and Discussion of Variant Translocations. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 139:1308-13. [PMID: 26414475 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0345-rs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The majority of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) manifest the t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2) translocation; however, a minor but significant proportion of patients with APL harbor complex, cryptic, or variant translocations, which typically involve RARA. With the exception of ZBTB16/RARA, these variants have similar morphologic and immunophenotypic features as classic APL. Study of the variant forms of APL not only gives insight into the pathogenesis of APL but also allows us to understand the mechanism of retinoid therapy. It is important to identify these cryptic and variant translocations because certain variants, including ZBTB16/RARA and STAT5B/RARA, are resistant to treatment with all-trans retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide, and anthracyclines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adams
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Swaney EM, Chattopadhyay A, Abecassis I, Rush EA, Redner RL. The leukemic oncoprotein NPM1-RARA inhibits TP53 activity. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:1933-7. [PMID: 26754533 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1124992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The variant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) translocation t(5;17)(q35;q21) fuses the N-terminus of nucleophosmin (NPM1) to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA). We found that ectopic NPM1-RARA expression decreased TP53 protein levels in target cells. NPM1-RARA impaired TP53-dependent transcription. Cells expressing NPM1-RARA were more resistant to apoptotic stimuli. This work identifies the TP53 tumor suppressor as a novel target through which NPM1-RARA impacts leukemogenesis, and confirms the importance of impairment of TP53 in establishment of the APL phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Swaney
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Anuja Chattopadhyay
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Irina Abecassis
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rush
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Robert L Redner
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kralovicova J, Knut M, Cross NCP, Vorechovsky I. Exon-centric regulation of ATM expression is population-dependent and amenable to antisense modification by pseudoexon targeting. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18741. [PMID: 26732650 PMCID: PMC4702124 DOI: 10.1038/srep18741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ATM is an important cancer susceptibility gene that encodes a critical apical kinase of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. We show that a key nonsense-mediated RNA decay switch exon (NSE) in ATM is repressed by U2AF, PUF60 and hnRNPA1. The NSE activation was haplotype-specific and was most promoted by cytosine at rs609621 in the NSE 3' splice-site (3'ss), which is predominant in high cancer risk populations. NSE levels were deregulated in leukemias and were influenced by the identity of U2AF35 residue 34. We also identify splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) that exploit competition of adjacent pseudoexons to modulate NSE levels. The U2AF-regulated exon usage in the ATM signalling pathway was centred on the MRN/ATM-CHEK2-CDC25-cdc2/cyclin-B axis and preferentially involved transcripts implicated in cancer-associated gene fusions and chromosomal translocations. These results reveal important links between 3'ss control and ATM-dependent responses to double-strand DNA breaks, demonstrate functional plasticity of intronic variants and illustrate versatility of intronic SSOs that target pseudo-3'ss to modify gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kralovicova
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Southampton SO16 6YD United Kingdom
| | - Marcin Knut
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Southampton SO16 6YD United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C. P. Cross
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Southampton SO16 6YD United Kingdom
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory Salisbury Hospital Salisbury SP2 8BJ United Kingdom
| | - Igor Vorechovsky
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Southampton SO16 6YD United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mi JQ, Chen SJ, Zhou GB, Yan XJ, Chen Z. Synergistic targeted therapy for acute promyelocytic leukaemia: a model of translational research in human cancer. J Intern Med 2015; 278:627-42. [PMID: 26058416 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), the M3 subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia, was once a lethal disease, yet nowadays the majority of patients with APL can be successfully cured by molecularly targeted therapy. This dramatic improvement in the survival rate is an example of the advantage of modern medicine. APL is characterized by a balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation fusing the promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) gene on chromosome 15 with the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) gene on chromosome 17. It has been found that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) or arsenic trioxide (ATO) alone exerts therapeutic effect on APL patients with the PML-RARα fusion gene, and the combination of both drugs can act synergistically to further enhance the cure rate of the patients. Here, we provide an insight into the pathogenesis of APL and the mechanisms underlying the respective roles of ATRA and ATO. In addition, treatments that lead to more effective differentiation and apoptosis of APL cells, including leukaemia-initiating cells, and more thorough eradication of the disease will be discussed. Moreover, as a model of translational research, the development of a cure for APL has followed a bidirectional approach of 'bench to bedside' and 'bedside to bench', which can serve as a valuable example for the diagnosis and treatment of other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-Q Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Pôle Sino-Français des Sciences du Vivant et Genomique, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S-J Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Pôle Sino-Français des Sciences du Vivant et Genomique, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G-B Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X-J Yan
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Pôle Sino-Français des Sciences du Vivant et Genomique, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|