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A Novel Chalcone Derivative Regulates the Expression and Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by Inhibiting Fli-1 Promoter Activity for Preventing the Malignant Progression of Erythroleukemia. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute erythroleukemia is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia recognized by its distinct phenotypic attribute of erythroblasts proliferation. In this study, in vitro experiments showed that a newly synthesized chalcone (ZH-254) inhibited cell proliferation, caused apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, and downregulated Fli-1 expression by inhibiting Fli-1 promoter activity. In vivo experiments showed that ZH-254 could effectively alleviate splenomegaly and prolong the survival of erythroleukemia mice. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that ZH-254 could regulate the expression of Fli-1 target genes and G1-phase-related cell cycle proteins, including Rb, Bcl-2, Bax, ERK1/2, Gata-1, P110, SHIP-1, p-ERK1, CDK4, C-myc, Cyclin D1, Smad-3, GSK-3, and p21. Among them, the compound most significantly regulated the expression and phosphorylation of ERK1, the target gene of Fli-1 involved in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, ZH-254 restricts the malignancy of erythroleukemia by causing the inactivation of Fli-1 expression via suppressing its promoter activity, further regulating the expression and phosphorylation of ERK1- and G1-phase-related genes. These results reveal the critical role of Fli-1 in the growth and survival of various hematological malignancies and point to chalcone derivatives as lead compounds for the development of anti-Fli-1 drugs for the treatment of erythroleukemia with overexpression of Fli-1.
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2
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Khadija B, Rjiba K, Dimassi S, Dahleb W, Kammoun M, Hannechi H, Miladi N, Gouider-Khouja N, Saad A, Mougou-Zerelli S. Clinical and molecular characterization of 1q43q44 deletion and corpus callosum malformations: 2 new cases and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:42. [PMID: 36192753 PMCID: PMC9528098 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corpus callosum malformations (CCM) represent one of the most common congenital cerebral malformations with a prevalence of around one for 4000 births. There have been at least 230 reports in the literature concerning 1q43q44 deletions of varying sizes discovered using chromosomal microarrays. This disorder is distinguished by global developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, corpus callosum defects, and significant craniofacial dysmorphism. In this study, we present a molecular cytogenetic analysis of 2 Tunisian patients with corpus callosum malformations. Patient 1 was a boy of 3 years old who presented psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, behavioral problems, interventricular septal defect, moderate pulmonary stenosis, hypospadias, and total CCA associated with delayed encephalic myelination. Patient 2 was a boy of 9 months. He presented a facial dysmorphia, a psychomotor retardation, an axial hypotonia, a quadri pyramidal syndrome, a micropenis, and HCC associated with decreased volume of the periventricular white matter. Both the array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques were used. Results Array CGH analysis reveals that patient 1 had the greater deletion size (11,7 Mb) at 1q43. The same region harbors a 2,7 Mb deletion in patient 2. Here, we notice that the larger the deletion, the more genes are likely to be involved, and the more severe the phenotype is likely to be. In both patients, the commonly deleted region includes six genes: PLD5, AKT3, ZNF238, HNRNPU, SDCCAG8 and CEP170. Based on the role of the ZNF238 gene in neuronal proliferation, migration, and cortex development, we hypothesized that the common deletion of ZNF238 in both patients seems to be the most responsible for corpus callosum malformations. Its absence may directly cause CCM. In addition, due to their high expression in the brain, PLD5 and FMN2 could modulate in the CCM phenotype. Conclusion Our findings support and improve the complex genotype–phenotype correlations previously reported in the 1qter microdeletion syndrome and define more precisely the neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with genetic alterations of several genes related to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Khadija
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Rjiba
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Dimassi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Dahleb
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Molka Kammoun
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Hannechi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Miladi
- Medical Maghreb, El Manar 3, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar 1, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Neziha Gouider-Khouja
- Head of Department at the National Institute of Neurology Tunis Head of RU On Movement Disorders, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ali Saad
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia. .,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
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Foroughi Pour A, Dalton LA. Optimal Bayesian Filtering for Biomarker Discovery: Performance and Robustness. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 17:250-263. [PMID: 30040658 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2018.2858814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optimal Bayesian feature filtering (OBF) is a fast and memory-efficient algorithm that optimally identifies markers with distributional differences between treatment groups under Gaussian models. Here, we study the performance and robustness of OBF for biomarker discovery. Our contributions are twofold: (1) we examine how OBF performs on data that violates modeling assumptions, and (2) we provide guidelines on how to set input parameters for robust performance. Contribution (1) addresses an important, relevant, and commonplace problem in computational biology, where it is often impossible to validate an algorithm's core assumptions. To accomplish both tasks, we present a battery of simulations that implement OBF with different inputs and challenge each assumption made by OBF. In particular, we examine the robustness of OBF with respect to incorrect input parameters, false independence, imbalanced sample size, and we address the Gaussianity assumption by considering performance on an extensive family of non-Gaussian distributions. We address advantages and disadvantages between different priors and optimization criteria throughout. Finally, we evaluate the utility of OBF in biomarker discovery using acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and colon cancer microarray datasets, and show that OBF is successful at identifying well-known biomarkers for these diseases that rank low under moderated t-test.
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4
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Li DJ, Feng ZC, Li XR, Hu G. Involvement of methylation-associated silencing of formin 2 in colorectal carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5013-5024. [PMID: 30510376 PMCID: PMC6262250 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i44.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether promoter methylation is responsible for the silencing of formin 2 (FMN2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to analyze the association between FMN2 methylation and CRC.
METHODS We first identified the expression levels and methylation levels of FMN2 in large-scale human CRC expression datasets, including GEO and TCGA, and analyzed the relationship between the expression and methylation levels. Then, the methylation levels in four CpG regions adjacent to the FMN2 promoter were assessed by MethylTarget™ assays in CRC cells and in paired colorectal tumor samples and adjacent nontumor tissue samples. Furthermore, we inhibited DNA methylation in CRC cells with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine and assessed the expression of FMN2 by qRT-PCR. Last, the association between FMN2 methylation patterns and clinical indicators was analyzed.
RESULTS A statistically significant downregulation of FMN2 expression in large-scale human CRC expression datasets was found. Subsequent analysis showed that a high frequency of hypermethylation occurred in the FMN2 gene promoter in CRC tissues; operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that FMN2 gene methylation had a good capability for discriminating between CRC and nontumor tissue samples (AUC = 0.8432, P < 0.0001). MethylTarget™ assays showed that CRC cells and tissues displayed higher methylation of these CpG regions than nontumor tissue samples. Correlation analysis showed a strong inverse correlation between methylation and FMN2 expression, and the inhibition of DNA methylation with 5-Aza significantly increased endogenous FMN2 expression. Analysis of the association between FMN2 methylation patterns and clinical indicators showed that FMN2 methylation was significantly associated with age, N stage, lymphovascular invasion, and pathologic tumor stage. Notably, the highest methylation of FMN2 occurred in tissues from cases of early-stage CRC, including cases with no regional lymph node metastasis (N0), cases in stages I and II, and cases with no lymphovascular invasion, but the methylation level began to decrease with tumor progression. Additionally, FMN2 promoter hypermethylation was more common in patients > 60 years old and in colon cancer tissue.
CONCLUSION FMN2 promoter hypermethylation may be an important early event in CRC, most likely playing a critical role in cancer initiation, and can serve as an ideal diagnostic biomarker in elderly patients with early-stage colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Jiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Cai Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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5
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Jin J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhou X, Liu Y, Li X, Wang J. MicroRNA-144 regulates cancer cell proliferation and cell-cycle transition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia through the interaction of FMN2. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [PMID: 27556228 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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Skau CT, Fischer RS, Gurel P, Thiam HR, Tubbs A, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Piel M, Alushin GM, Nussenzweig A, Steeg PS, Waterman CM. FMN2 Makes Perinuclear Actin to Protect Nuclei during Confined Migration and Promote Metastasis. Cell 2016; 167:1571-1585.e18. [PMID: 27839864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration in confined 3D tissue microenvironments is critical for both normal physiological functions and dissemination of tumor cells. We discovered a cytoskeletal structure that prevents damage to the nucleus during migration in confined microenvironments. The formin-family actin filament nucleator FMN2 associates with and generates a perinuclear actin/focal adhesion (FA) system that is distinct from previously characterized actin/FA structures. This system controls nuclear shape and positioning in cells migrating on 2D surfaces. In confined 3D microenvironments, FMN2 promotes cell survival by limiting nuclear envelope damage and DNA double-strand breaks. We found that FMN2 is upregulated in human melanomas and showed that disruption of FMN2 in mouse melanoma cells inhibits their extravasation and metastasis to the lung. Our results indicate a critical role for FMN2 in generating a perinuclear actin/FA system that protects the nucleus and DNA from damage to promote cell survival during confined migration and thus promote cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Skau
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert S Fischer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pinar Gurel
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hawa Racine Thiam
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Tubbs
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Magnet Lab, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Sahasrabudhe A, Ghate K, Mutalik S, Jacob A, Ghose A. Formin 2 regulates the stabilization of filopodial tip adhesions in growth cones and affects neuronal outgrowth and pathfinding in vivo. Development 2015; 143:449-60. [PMID: 26718007 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth cone filopodia are actin-based mechanosensory structures that are essential for chemoreception and the generation of contractile forces necessary for directional motility. However, little is known about the influence of filopodial actin structures on substrate adhesion and filopodial contractility. Formin 2 (Fmn2) localizes along filopodial actin bundles and its depletion does not affect filopodia initiation or elongation. However, Fmn2 activity is required for filopodial tip adhesion maturation and the ability of filopodia to generate traction forces. Dysregulation of filopodia in Fmn2-depleted neurons leads to compromised growth cone motility. Additionally, in mouse fibroblasts, Fmn2 regulates ventral stress fiber assembly and affects the stability of focal adhesions. In the developing chick spinal cord, Fmn2 activity is required cell-autonomously for the outgrowth and pathfinding of spinal commissural neurons. Our results reveal an unanticipated function for Fmn2 in neural development. Fmn2 regulates structurally diverse bundled actin structures, parallel filopodial bundles in growth cones and anti-parallel stress fibers in fibroblasts, in turn modulating the stability of substrate adhesions. We propose Fmn2 as a mediator of actin bundle integrity, enabling efficient force transmission to the adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sahasrabudhe
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ketakee Ghate
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sampada Mutalik
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ajesh Jacob
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Aurnab Ghose
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pune 411008, India
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8
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Randall JM, Millard F, Kurzrock R. Molecular aberrations, targeted therapy, and renal cell carcinoma: current state-of-the-art. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:1109-24. [PMID: 25365943 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the most prevalent malignancies in the USA. Most RCCs are sporadic, but hereditary syndromes associated with RCC account for 2-3 % of cases and include von Hippel-Lindau, hereditary leiomyomatosis, Birt-Hogg-Dube, tuberous sclerosis, hereditary papillary RCC, and familial renal carcinoma. In the past decade, our understanding of the genetic mutations associated with sporadic forms of RCC has increased considerably, with the most common mutations in clear cell RCC seen in the VHL, PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2 genes. Among these, BAP1 mutations are associated with aggressive disease and decreased survival. Several targeted therapies for advanced RCC have been approved and include sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) activity), everolimus, and temsirolimus (TKIs that inhibit mTORC1, the downstream part of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway). High-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) immunotherapy and the combination of bevacizumab plus interferon-α are also approved treatments. At present, there are no predictive genetic markers to direct therapy for RCC, perhaps because the vast majority of trials have been evaluated in unselected patient populations, with advanced metastatic disease. This review will focus on our current understanding of the molecular genetics of RCC, and how this may inform therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, #0987, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0987, USA,
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9
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Law R, Dixon-Salazar T, Jerber J, Cai N, Abbasi AA, Zaki MS, Mittal K, Gabriel SB, Rafiq MA, Khan V, Nguyen M, Ali G, Copeland B, Scott E, Vasli N, Mikhailov A, Khan MN, Andrade DM, Ayaz M, Ansar M, Ayub M, Vincent JB, Gleeson JG. Biallelic truncating mutations in FMN2, encoding the actin-regulatory protein Formin 2, cause nonsyndromic autosomal-recessive intellectual disability. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:721-8. [PMID: 25480035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines represent the major site of neuronal activity in the brain; they serve as the receiving point for neurotransmitters and undergo rapid activity-dependent morphological changes that correlate with learning and memory. Using a combination of homozygosity mapping and next-generation sequencing in two consanguineous families affected by nonsyndromic autosomal-recessive intellectual disability, we identified truncating mutations in formin 2 (FMN2), encoding a protein that belongs to the formin family of actin cytoskeleton nucleation factors and is highly expressed in the maturing brain. We found that FMN2 localizes to punctae along dendrites and that germline inactivation of mouse Fmn2 resulted in animals with decreased spine density; such mice were previously demonstrated to have a conditioned fear-learning defect. Furthermore, patient neural cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells showed correlated decreased synaptic density. Thus, FMN2 mutations link intellectual disability either directly or indirectly to the regulation of actin-mediated synaptic spine density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Law
- The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tracy Dixon-Salazar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Julie Jerber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Na Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Ansar A Abbasi
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 13100 Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Kirti Mittal
- The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Stacey B Gabriel
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Muhammad Arshad Rafiq
- The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Valeed Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 13100 Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Brett Copeland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Eric Scott
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Nasim Vasli
- The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anna Mikhailov
- The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Muhammad Nasim Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 13100 Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Danielle M Andrade
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore 51000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore 51000, Pakistan; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John B Vincent
- The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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10
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Palmi C, Fazio G, Savino AM, Procter J, Howell L, Cazzaniga V, Vieri M, Longinotti G, Brunati I, Andrè V, Della Mina P, Villa A, Greaves M, Biondi A, D'Amico G, Ford A, Cazzaniga G. Cytoskeletal regulatory gene expression and migratory properties of B-cell progenitors are affected by the ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1796-806. [PMID: 25061103 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0056-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion is a frequent initiating event in childhood leukemia, its role in leukemogenesis is only partly understood. The main impact of the fusion itself is to generate and sustain a clone of clinically silent preleukemic B-cell progenitors (BCP). Additional oncogenic hits, occurring even several years later, are required for overt disease. The understanding of the features and interactions of ETV6-RUNX1-positive cells during this "latency" period may explain how these silent cells can persist and whether they could be prone to additional genetic changes. In this study, two in vitro murine models were used to investigate whether ETV6-RUNX1 alters the cellular adhesion and migration properties of BCP. ETV6-RUNX1-expressing cells showed a significant defect in the chemotactic response to CXCL12, caused by a block in CXCR4 signaling, as demonstrated by inhibition of CXCL12-associated calcium flux and lack of ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, the induction of ETV6-RUNX1 caused changes in the expression of cell-surface adhesion molecules. The expression of genes regulating the cytoskeleton was also affected, resulting in a block of CDC42 signaling. The abnormalities described here could alter the interaction of ETV6-RUNX1 preleukemic BCP with the microenvironment and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. IMPLICATIONS Alterations in the expression of cytoskeletal regulatory genes and migration properties of BCP represent early events in the evolution of the disease, from the preleukemic phase to the clinical onset, and suggest new strategies for effective eradication of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Palmi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela M Savino
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Julia Procter
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Howell
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Margherita Vieri
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Longinotti
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Brunati
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Andrè
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Pamela Della Mina
- Microscopy and Image Analysis Consortium, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonello Villa
- Microscopy and Image Analysis Consortium, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Anthony Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Identification of GPM6A and GPM6B as potential new human lymphoid leukemia-associated oncogenes. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:179-91. [PMID: 24916915 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found that the Graffi murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is able to induce a wide spectrum of hematologic malignancies in vivo. Using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays, we established the gene expression profiles of several of these malignancies, thereby specifically focusing on genes deregulated in the lymphoid sub-types. We observed over-expression of a variety of genes, including Arntl2, Bfsp2, Gfra2, Gpm6a, Gpm6b, Nln, Fbln1, Bmp7, Etv5 and Celsr1 and, in addition, provided evidence that Fmn2 and Parm-1 may act as novel oncogenes. In the present study, we assessed the expression patterns of eight selected human homologs of these genes in primary human B-cell malignancies, and explored the putative oncogenic potential of GPM6A and GPM6B. METHODS The gene expression levels of the selected human homologs were tested in human B-cell malignancies by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The protein expression profiles of human GPM6A and GPM6B were analyzed by Western blotting. The localization and the effect of GPM6A and GPM6B on the cytoskeleton were determined using confocal and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. To confirm the oncogenic potential of GPM6A and GPM6B, classical colony formation assays in soft agar and focus forming assays were used. The effects of these proteins on the cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, we found that most of the primary B-cell malignancies assessed showed altered expression patterns of the genes tested, including GPM6A and GPM6B. Using confocal microscopy, we found that the GPM6A protein (isoform 3) exhibits a punctate cytoplasmic localization and that the GPM6B protein (isoform 4) exhibits a peri-nuclear and punctate cytoplasmic localization. Interestingly, we found that exogenous over-expression of both proteins in NIH/3T3 cells alters the actin and microtubule networks and induces the formation of long filopodia-like protrusions. Additionally, we found that these over-expressing NIH/3T3 cells exhibit anchorage-independent growth and enhanced proliferation rates. Cellular transformation (i.e., loss of contact inhibition) was, however, only observed after exogenous over-expression of GPM6B. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that several human homologs of the genes found to be deregulated in Graffi MuLV experimental mouse models may serve as candidate biomarkers for human B-cell malignancies. In addition, we found that GPM6A and GPM6B may act as novel oncogenes in the development of these malignancies.
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Chen SY, Shih HY, Lin SJ, Hsiao CD, Li ZC, Cheng YC. Etv5a regulates the proliferation of ventral mesoderm cells and the formation of hemato-vascular derivatives. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5626-34. [PMID: 24101720 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.132613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells constitute the circulatory system and are both generated from the ventral mesoderm. However, the molecules and signaling pathways involved in ventral mesoderm formation and specification remain unclear. We found that zebrafish etv5a was expressed in the ventral mesoderm during gastrulation. Knockdown of Etv5a using morpholinos increased the proliferation of ventral mesoderm cells and caused defects in hematopoietic derivatives and in vascular formation. By contrast, the formation of other mesodermal derivatives, such as pronephros, somites and the gut wall, was not affected. Knockdown specificity was further confirmed by overexpression of an etv5a construct lacking its acidic domain. In conclusion, our data reveal that etv5a is essential for the inhibition of ventral mesoderm cell proliferation and for the formation of the hemato-vascular lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Taoyuan 33383, Taiwan
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Chanut A, Duguet F, Marfak A, David A, Petit B, Parrens M, Durand-Panteix S, Boulin-Deveza M, Gachard N, Youlyouz-Marfak I, Bordessoule D, Feuillard J, Faumont N. RelA and RelB cross-talk and function in Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cells. Leukemia 2013; 28:871-9. [PMID: 24056880 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the respective roles of RelA and RelB NF-κB subunits in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells. Using different EBV-immortalized B-cell models, we showed that only RelA activation increased both survival and cell growth. RelB activity was induced secondarily to RelA activation and repressed RelA DNA binding by trapping the p50 subunit. Reciprocally, RelA activation repressed RelB activity by increasing expression of its inhibitor p100. To search for such reciprocal inhibition at the transcriptional level, we studied gene expression profiles of our RelA and RelB regulatable cellular models. Ten RelA-induced genes and one RelB-regulated gene, ARNTL2, were repressed by RelB and RelA, respectively. Apart from this gene, RelB signature was included in that of RelA Functional groups of RelA-regulated genes were for control of energy metabolism, genetic instability, protection against apoptosis, cell cycle and immune response. Additional functions coregulated by RelA and/or RelB were autophagy and plasma cell differentiation. Altogether, these results demonstrate a cross-inhibition between RelA and RelB and suggest that, in fine, RelB was subordinated to RelA. In the view of future drug development, RelA appeared to be pivotal in both classical and alternative activation pathways, at least in EBV-transformed B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chanut
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - F Duguet
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - A Marfak
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - A David
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - B Petit
- CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Pathology, Limoges, France
| | - M Parrens
- CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratory of Pathology, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Durand-Panteix
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - M Boulin-Deveza
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - N Gachard
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - I Youlyouz-Marfak
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - D Bordessoule
- 1] CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France [2] Department of Hematology, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - J Feuillard
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
| | - N Faumont
- CNRS-UMR-7276, University of Limoges, and CHU Dupuytren, Laboratory of Hematology, Limoges, France
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Stefanska B, Bouzelmat A, Huang J, Suderman M, Hallett M, Han ZG, Al-Mahtab M, Akbar SMF, Khan WA, Raqib R, Szyf M. Discovery and validation of DNA hypomethylation biomarkers for liver cancer using HRM-specific probes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68439. [PMID: 23950870 PMCID: PMC3737236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with late diagnosis necessitates the development of early diagnostic biomarkers. We have previously delineated the landscape of DNA methylation in HCC patients unraveling the importance of promoter hypomethylation in activation of cancer- and metastasis-driving genes. The purpose of the present study was to test the feasibility that genes that are hypomethylated in HCC could serve as candidate diagnostic markers. We use high resolution melting analysis (HRM) as a simple translatable PCR-based method to define methylation states in clinical samples. We tested seven regions selected from the shortlist of genes hypomethylated in HCC and showed that HRM analysis of several of them distinguishes methylation states in liver cancer specimens from normal adjacent liver and chronic hepatitis in the Shanghai area. Such regions were identified within promoters of neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-B (GPM6B) and melanoma antigen family A12 (MAGEA12) genes. Differences in HRM in the immunoglobulin superfamily Fc receptor (FCRL1) separated invasive tumors from less invasive HCC. The identified biomarkers differentiated HCC from chronic hepatitis in another set of samples from Dhaka. Although the main thrust in DNA methylation diagnostics in cancer is on hypermethylated genes, our study for the first time illustrates the potential use of hypomethylated genes as markers for solid tumors. After further validation in a larger cohort, the identified DNA hypomethylated regions can become important candidate biomarkers for liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis, especially in populations with high risk for HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Stefanska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurelie Bouzelmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jian Huang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Hallett
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Mamun Al-Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | | | - Wasif Ali Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Psychobiology and Epigenetics at McGill University, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Charfi C, Levros LC, Edouard E, Rassart E. Characterization and identification of PARM-1 as a new potential oncogene. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:84. [PMID: 23902727 PMCID: PMC3750824 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Graffi murine retrovirus is a powerful tool to find leukemia associated oncogenes. Using DNA microarrays, we recently identified several genes specifically deregulated in T- and B-leukemias induced by this virus. Results In the present study, probsets associated with T-CD8+ leukemias were analyzed and we validated the expression profile of the Parm-1 gene. PARM-1 is a member of the mucin family. We showed that human PARM-1 is an intact secreted protein accumulating predominantly, such as murine PARM-1, at the Golgi and in the early and late endosomes. PARM-1 colocalization with α-tubulin suggests that its trafficking within the cell involves the microtubule cytoskeleton. Also, the protein co-localizes with caveolin-1 which probably mediates its internalization. Transient transfection of both mouse and human Parm-1 cDNAs conferred anchorage- and serum-independent growth and enhanced cell proliferation. Moreover, deletion mutants of human PARM-1 without either extracellular or cytoplasmic portions seem to retain the ability to induce anchorage-independent growth of NIH/3T3 cells. In addition, PARM-1 increases ERK1/2, but more importantly AKT and STAT3 phosphorylation. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest the oncogenic potential of PARM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndia Charfi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C-3P8, Canada
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Yamada K, Ono M, Bensaddek D, Lamond AI, Rocha S. FMN2 is a novel regulator of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2348-54. [PMID: 23839046 PMCID: PMC3841313 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified the human FMN2 gene as a novel target regulated by induction of p14ARF and by multiple other stress responses, including DNA damage and hypoxia, which have in common activation of cell cycle arrest. We showed that increased expression of the FMN2 gene following p14ARF induction is caused, at the transcriptional level, by relief of repression by RelA and E2F1, which, under non-induced conditions, bind the FMN2 promoter. Increased FMN2 protein levels promote cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the degradation of p21, and our data show that control of p21 stability is a key part of the mechanism that regulates p21 induction. Consistent with this model, we have shown that transient expression of exogenous FMN2 protein alone is sufficient to increase p21 protein levels in cells, without altering p21 mRNA levels. Here, we provide additional evidence for the role of the N terminus of FMN2 as being the important domain required for p21 stability. In addition, we also investigate the role of RelA's threonine 505 residue in the control of FMN2. Our results identify FMN2 as a crucial protein involved in the control of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yamada
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression; College of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Yamada K, Ono M, Perkins ND, Rocha S, Lamond AI. Identification and functional characterization of FMN2, a regulator of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Mol Cell 2013; 49:922-33. [PMID: 23375502 PMCID: PMC3594747 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ARF tumor suppressor is a central component of the cellular defense against oncogene activation in mammals. p14ARF activates p53 by binding and inhibiting HDM2, resulting, inter alia, in increased transcription and expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and consequent cell-cycle arrest. We analyzed the effect of p14ARF induction on nucleolar protein dynamics using SILAC mass spectrometry and have identified the human Formin-2 (FMN2) protein as a component of the p14ARF tumor suppressor pathway. We show that FMN2 is increased upon p14ARF induction at both the mRNA and the protein level via a NF-κB-dependent mechanism that is independent of p53. FMN2 enhances expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21 by preventing its degradation. FMN2 is also induced by activation of other oncogenes, hypoxia, and DNA damage. These results identify FMN2 as a crucial component in the regulation of p21 and consequent oncogene/stress-induced cell-cycle arrest in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yamada
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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18
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Actin Assembly to Target Tumor Cell Motility. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 166:23-42. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2013_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kammula EC, Mötter J, Gorgels A, Jonas E, Hoffmann S, Willbold D. Brain transcriptome-wide screen for HIV-1 Nef protein interaction partners reveals various membrane-associated proteins. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51578. [PMID: 23284715 PMCID: PMC3524239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef protein contributes essentially to the pathology of AIDS by a variety of protein-protein-interactions within the host cell. The versatile functionality of Nef is partially attributed to different conformational states and posttranslational modifications, such as myristoylation. Up to now, many interaction partners of Nef have been identified using classical yeast two-hybrid screens. Such screens rely on transcriptional activation of reporter genes in the nucleus to detect interactions. Thus, the identification of Nef interaction partners that are integral membrane proteins, membrane-associated proteins or other proteins that do not translocate into the nucleus is hampered. In the present study, a split-ubiquitin based yeast two-hybrid screen was used to identify novel membrane-localized interaction partners of Nef. More than 80% of the hereby identified interaction partners of Nef are transmembrane proteins. The identified hits are GPM6B, GPM6A, BAP31, TSPAN7, CYB5B, CD320/TCblR, VSIG4, PMEPA1, OCIAD1, ITGB1, CHN1, PH4, CLDN10, HSPA9, APR-3, PEBP1 and B3GNT, which are involved in diverse cellular processes like signaling, apoptosis, neurogenesis, cell adhesion and protein trafficking or quality control. For a subfraction of the hereby identified proteins we present data supporting their direct interaction with HIV-1 Nef. We discuss the results with respect to many phenotypes observed in HIV infected cells and patients. The identified Nef interaction partners may help to further elucidate the molecular basis of HIV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. Kammula
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Mötter
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gorgels
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Esther Jonas
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Silke Hoffmann
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Pandiri AR, Sills RC, Ziglioli V, Ton TVT, Hong HHL, Lahousse SA, Gerrish KE, Auerbach SS, Shockley KR, Bushel PR, Peddada SD, Hoenerhoff MJ. Differential transcriptomic analysis of spontaneous lung tumors in B6C3F1 mice: comparison to human non-small cell lung cancer. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:1141-59. [PMID: 22688403 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312447543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in people and is mainly due to environmental factors such as smoking and radon. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) tests various chemicals and mixtures for their carcinogenic hazard potential. In the NTP chronic bioassay using B6C3F1 mice, the incidence of lung tumors in treated and control animals is second only to the liver tumors. In order to study the molecular mechanisms of chemically induced lung tumors, an understanding of the genetic changes that occur in spontaneous lung (SL) tumors from untreated control animals is needed. The authors have evaluated the differential transcriptomic changes within SL tumors compared to normal lungs from untreated age-matched animals. Within SL tumors, several canonical pathways associated with cancer (eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling, RhoA signaling, PTEN signaling, and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling), metabolism (Inositol phosphate metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and purine and pyramidine metabolism), and immune responses (FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, interleukin 8 signaling, and CXCR4 signaling) were altered. Meta-analysis of murine SL tumors and human non-small cell lung cancer transcriptomic data sets revealed a high concordance. These data provide important information on the differential transcriptomic changes in murine SL tumors that will be critical to our understanding of chemically induced lung tumors and will aid in hazard analysis in the NTP 2-year carcinogenicity bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program-NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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Mazzoccoli G, Pazienza V, Panza A, Valvano MR, Benegiamo G, Vinciguerra M, Andriulli A, Piepoli A. ARNTL2 and SERPINE1: potential biomarkers for tumor aggressiveness in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:501-11. [PMID: 22198637 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cathepsin and plasmin may favor cancer cell invasion degrading extracellular matrix. Plasmin formation from plasminogen is regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). ARNTL2 activates the promoters of the PAI-1 gene, officially called SERPINE1, driving the circadian variation in circulating PAI-1 levels. METHODS We evaluated ARNTL2 and SERPINE1 expression in 50 colorectal cancer specimens and adjacent normal tissue and in colon cancer cell lines. RESULTS We found up-regulation of ARNTL2 (P = 0.004) and SERPINE1 (P = 0.002) in tumor tissue. A statistically significant association was found between high ARNTL2 mRNA levels and vascular invasion (P < 0.0001), and between high SERPINE1 mRNA levels and microsatellite instability (MSI-H and MSI-L, P = 0.025). Sorting the subjects into quartile groups, a statistically significant association was found between high ARNTL2 expression and lymph node involvement (P < 0.001), between high SERPINE1 expression and grading (P < 0.001) and between high SERPINE1 expression and MSI H-L (P < 0.0001). In SW480 cells, a more proliferative model compared to CaCo2 cells, there were higher mRNA levels of ARNTL2 (P < 0.001) and SERPINE1 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION ARNTL2 and SERPINE1 expression is increased in colorectal cancer and in a highly proliferative colon cancer cell line and is related to tumor invasiveness and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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Perrone MD, Rocca MS, Bruno I, Faletra F, Pecile V, Gasparini P. De novo 911 Kb interstitial deletion on chromosome 1q43 in a boy with mental retardation and short stature. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 55:117-9. [PMID: 22186213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with distal deletions of chromosome 1q have a recognizable syndrome that includes microcephaly, hypoplasia or agenesis of the corpus callosum, and psychomotor retardation. Although these symptoms have been attributed to deletions of 1q42-1q44, the minimal chromosomal region involved has not yet defined. In this report, we describe a 7 years old male with mental retardation, cryptorchid testes, short stature and alopecia carrying only an interstitial de novo deletion of 911 Kb in the 1q43 region (239,597,095-240,508,817) encompassing three genes CHRM3, RPS7P5 and FMN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Perrone
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofalo Trieste, Italy - University of Trieste, Italy.
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