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Liu T, Gonzalez De Los Santos F, Rinke AE, Fang C, Flaherty KR, Phan SH. B7H3-dependent myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment and activation in pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901349. [PMID: 36045668 PMCID: PMC9420866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease without effective curative therapy. Recent evidence shows increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, with some of these cells expressing B7H3. We sought to investigate the role of MDSCs in IPF and its potential mediation via B7H3. Here we prospectively collected peripheral blood samples from IPF patients to analyze for circulating MDSCs and B7H3 expression to assess their clinical significance and potential impact on co-cultured lung fibroblasts and T-cell activation. In parallel, we assess MDSC recruitment and potential B7H3 dependence in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Expansion of MDSCs in IPF patients correlated with disease severity. Co-culture of soluble B7H3 (sB7H3)-treated mouse monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), but not granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs), activated lung fibroblasts and myofibroblast differentiation. Additionally, sB7H3 significantly enhanced MDSC suppression of T-cell proliferation. Activated M-MDSCs displayed elevated TGFβ and Arg1 expression relative to that in G-MDSCs. Treatment with anti-B7H3 antibodies inhibited bone marrow-derived MDSC recruitment into the bleomycin-injured lung, accompanied by reduced expression of inflammation and fibrosis markers. Selective telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) deficiency in myeloid cells also diminished MDSC recruitment associated with the reduced plasma level of sB7H3, lung recruitment of c-Kit+ hematopoietic progenitors, myofibroblast differentiation, and fibrosis. Lung single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed fibroblasts as a predominant potential source of sB7H3, and indeed the conditioned medium from activated mouse lung fibroblasts had a chemotactic effect on bone marrow (BM)-MDSC, which was abolished by B7H3 blocking antibody. Thus, in addition to their immunosuppressive activity, TERT and B7H3-dependent MDSC expansion/recruitment from BM could play a paracrine role to activate myofibroblast differentiation during pulmonary fibrosis with potential significance for disease progression mediated by sB7H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianju Liu
- Departments of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sem H. Phan, ; Tianju Liu,
| | | | - Andrew E. Rinke
- Departments of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chuling Fang
- Departments of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kevin R. Flaherty
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sem H. Phan
- Departments of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sem H. Phan, ; Tianju Liu,
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2
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Inflammation Regulates Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031125. [PMID: 35163048 PMCID: PMC8835214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow and are supported by the specialised microenvironment, a niche to maintain HSC quiescence. To deal with haematopoietic equilibrium disrupted during inflammation, HSCs are activated from quiescence directly and indirectly to generate more mature immune cells, especially the myeloid lineage cells. In the process of proliferation and differentiation, HSCs gradually lose their self-renewal potential. The extensive inflammation might cause HSC exhaustion/senescence and malignant transformation. Here, we summarise the current understanding of how HSC functions are maintained, damaged, or exhausted during acute, prolonged, and pathological inflammatory conditions. We also highlight the inflammation-altered HSC niche and its impact on escalating the insults on HSCs.
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3
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Graniel JV, Bisht K, Friedman A, White J, Perkey E, Vanderbeck A, Moroz A, Carrington LJ, Brandstadter JD, Allen F, Shami AN, Thomas P, Crayton A, Manzor M, Mychalowych A, Chase J, Hammoud SS, Keegan CE, Maillard I, Nandakumar J. Differential impact of a dyskeratosis congenita mutation in TPP1 on mouse hematopoiesis and germline. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/1/e202101208. [PMID: 34645668 PMCID: PMC8548261 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A TPP1 mutation known to cause telomere shortening and bone marrow failure in humans recapitulates telomere loss but results in severe germline defects in mice without impacting murine hematopoiesis. Telomerase extends chromosome ends in somatic and germline stem cells to ensure continued proliferation. Mutations in genes critical for telomerase function result in telomeropathies such as dyskeratosis congenita, frequently resulting in spontaneous bone marrow failure. A dyskeratosis congenita mutation in TPP1 (K170∆) that specifically compromises telomerase recruitment to telomeres is a valuable tool to evaluate telomerase-dependent telomere length maintenance in mice. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a mouse knocked in for the equivalent of the TPP1 K170∆ mutation (TPP1 K82∆) and investigated both its hematopoietic and germline compartments in unprecedented detail. TPP1 K82∆ caused progressive telomere erosion with increasing generation number but did not induce steady-state hematopoietic defects. Strikingly, K82∆ caused mouse infertility, consistent with gross morphological defects in the testis and sperm, the appearance of dysfunctional seminiferous tubules, and a decrease in germ cells. Intriguingly, both TPP1 K82∆ mice and previously characterized telomerase knockout mice show no spontaneous bone marrow failure but rather succumb to infertility at steady-state. We speculate that telomere length maintenance contributes differently to the evolutionary fitness of humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline V Graniel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kamlesh Bisht
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Oncology Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ann Friedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Perkey
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Vanderbeck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alina Moroz
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Léolène J Carrington
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Brandstadter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick Allen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrienne Niederriter Shami
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peedikayil Thomas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aniela Crayton
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mariel Manzor
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Chase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saher S Hammoud
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jayakrishnan Nandakumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Grill S, Padmanaban S, Friedman A, Perkey E, Allen F, Tesmer VM, Chase J, Khoriaty R, Keegan CE, Maillard I, Nandakumar J. TPP1 mutagenesis screens unravel shelterin interfaces and functions in hematopoiesis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:138059. [PMID: 33822766 PMCID: PMC8262337 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase catalyzes chromosome end replication in stem cells and other long-lived cells. Mutations in telomerase or telomere-related genes result in diseases known as telomeropathies. Telomerase is recruited to chromosome ends by the ACD/TPP1 protein (TPP1 hereafter), a component of the shelterin complex that protects chromosome ends from unwanted end joining. TPP1 facilitates end protection by binding shelterin proteins POT1 and TIN2. TPP1 variants have been associated with telomeropathies but remain poorly characterized in vivo. Disease variants and mutagenesis scans provide efficient avenues to interrogate the distinct physiological roles of TPP1. Here, we conduct mutagenesis in the TIN2- and POT1-binding domains of TPP1 to discover mutations that dissect TPP1's functions. Our results extend current structural data to reveal that the TPP1-TIN2 interface is more extensive than previously thought and highlight the robustness of the POT1-TPP1 interface. Introduction of separation-of-function mutants alongside known TPP1 telomeropathy mutations in mouse hematopoietic stem cells (mHSCs) lacking endogenous TPP1 demonstrated a clear phenotypic demarcation. TIN2- and POT1-binding mutants were unable to rescue mHSC failure resulting from end deprotection. In contrast, TPP1 telomeropathy mutations sustained mHSC viability, consistent with their selectively impacting end replication. These results highlight the power of scanning mutagenesis in revealing structural interfaces and dissecting multifunctional genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn Grill
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
| | | | - Ann Friedman
- Life Sciences Institute,,Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Eric Perkey
- Life Sciences Institute,,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, and,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Frederick Allen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Chase
- Life Sciences Institute,,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Rami Khoriaty
- Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Catherine E. Keegan
- Department of Pediatrics, and,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Life Sciences Institute,,Department of Internal Medicine,,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology,,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Mejia-Ramirez E, Florian MC. Understanding intrinsic hematopoietic stem cell aging. Haematologica 2019; 105:22-37. [PMID: 31806687 PMCID: PMC6939535 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.211342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) sustain blood production over the entire life-span of an organism. It is of extreme importance that these cells maintain self-renewal and differentiation potential over time in order to preserve homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. Many of the intrinsic aspects of HSC are affected by the aging process resulting in a deterioration in their potential, independently of their microenvironment. Here we review recent findings characterizing most of the intrinsic aspects of aged HSC, ranging from phenotypic to molecular alterations. Historically, DNA damage was thought to be the main cause of HSC aging. However, over recent years, many new findings have defined an increasing number of biological processes that intrinsically change with age in HSC. Epigenetics and chromatin architecture, together with autophagy, proteostasis and metabolic changes, and how they are interconnected, are acquiring growing importance for understanding the intrinsic aging of stem cells. Given the increase in populations of older subjects worldwide, and considering that aging is the primary risk factor for most diseases, understanding HSC aging becomes particularly relevant also in the context of hematologic disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Research on intrinsic mechanisms responsible for HSC aging is providing, and will continue to provide, new potential molecular targets to possibly ameliorate or delay aging of the hematopoietic system and consequently improve the outcome of hematologic disorders in the elderly. The niche-dependent contributions to hematopoietic aging are discussed in another review in this same issue of the Journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mejia-Ramirez
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Carolina Florian
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain .,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany EM-R and MCF contributed equally to this work
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6
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Zheng JT, Zhang N, Yu YH, Gong PT, Li XH, Wu N, Wang C, Wang XC, Li X, Li JH, Zhang XC. Identification of a TRBD zinc finger-interacting protein in Giardia duodenalis and its regulation of telomerase. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:568. [PMID: 31783771 PMCID: PMC6884763 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Giardia duodenalis causes giardiasis, with diarrhea as the primary symptom. The trophozoite proliferation of this zoonotic parasite is mainly affected by telomerase, although the mechanism of telomerase regulation has not been thoroughly analyzed. Methods This study was performed to identify the telomerase RNA-binding domain (TRBD)-interacting protein in G. duodenalis and its regulation of telomerase. Interaction between TRBD and interacting proteins was verified via pulldown assays and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) techniques, and the subcellular localization of the protein interactions was determined in vivo via split SNAP-tag labeling. The hammerhead ribozyme was designed to deplete the mRNA of TRBD-interacting proteins. Results Using TRBD as bait, we identified zinc-finger domain (ZFD)-containing proteins and verified it via pulldown and co-IP experiments. Protein-protein interaction occurred in the nuclei of 293T cells and both nuclei of G. duodenalis. The hammerhead ribozyme depleted ZFD mRNA levels, which reduced the reproduction rate of G. duodenalis, telomerase activity and telomere length. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ZFD may regulate telomere function in G. duodenalis nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan-Hui Yu
- Clinical Laboratory of Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peng-Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xian-He Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Na Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiao-Cen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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7
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Lansdorp P, van Wietmarschen N. Helicases FANCJ, RTEL1 and BLM Act on Guanine Quadruplex DNA in Vivo. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110870. [PMID: 31683575 PMCID: PMC6896191 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine quadruplex (G4) structures are among the most stable secondary DNA structures that can form in vitro, and evidence for their existence in vivo has been steadily accumulating. Originally described mainly for their deleterious effects on genome stability, more recent research has focused on (potential) functions of G4 structures in telomere maintenance, gene expression, and other cellular processes. The combined research on G4 structures has revealed that properly regulating G4 DNA structures in cells is important to prevent genome instability and disruption of normal cell function. In this short review we provide some background and historical context of our work resulting in the identification of FANCJ, RTEL1 and BLM as helicases that act on G4 structures in vivo. Taken together these studies highlight important roles of different G4 DNA structures and specific G4 helicases at selected genomic locations and telomeres in regulating gene expression and maintaining genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Niek van Wietmarschen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Brooks RW, Robbins PD. Treating Age-Related Diseases with Somatic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1056:29-45. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Tichy ED, Sidibe DK, Tierney MT, Stec MJ, Sharifi-Sanjani M, Hosalkar H, Mubarak S, Johnson FB, Sacco A, Mourkioti F. Single Stem Cell Imaging and Analysis Reveals Telomere Length Differences in Diseased Human and Mouse Skeletal Muscles. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1328-1341. [PMID: 28890163 PMCID: PMC5639167 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) contribute to muscle regeneration following injury. In many muscle disorders, the repeated cycles of damage and repair lead to stem cell dysfunction. While telomere attrition may contribute to aberrant stem cell functions, methods to accurately measure telomere length in stem cells from skeletal muscles have not been demonstrated. Here, we have optimized and validated such a method, named MuQ-FISH, for analyzing telomere length in MuSCs from either mice or humans. Our analysis showed no differences in telomere length between young and aged MuSCs from uninjured wild-type mice, but MuSCs isolated from young dystrophic mice exhibited significantly shortened telomeres. In corroboration, we demonstrated that telomere attrition is present in human dystrophic MuSCs, which underscores its importance in diseased regenerative failure. The robust technique described herein provides analysis at a single-cell resolution and may be utilized for other cell types, especially rare populations of cells. MuQ-FISH is a telomere analysis assay of mouse and human muscle stem cells Highly sensitive telomere analysis on small numbers of cells Detection of both telomere length and number of telomere foci with MuQ-FISH assay Telomere analysis is now possible in quiescent and/or cycling stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 112A Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - David K Sidibe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 112A Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Matthew T Tierney
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael J Stec
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maryam Sharifi-Sanjani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 112A Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Harish Hosalkar
- Joint Preservation Center, Tricity Medical Center, Joint Preservation & Deformity Correction Center & Traumatic Brain Injury Program, Paradise Valley Hospital, National City, CA 91950, USA
| | - Scott Mubarak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital, 3030 Children's Way, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 112A Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Outcomes of UCB transplantation are comparable in FLT3+ AML: results of CIBMTR, EUROCORD and EBMT collaborative analysis. Leukemia 2017; 31:1408-1414. [PMID: 28119528 PMCID: PMC5462854 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from siblings or unrelated donors (URD) during complete remission (CR) may improve leukemia-free survival (LFS) in FLT3+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that has poor prognosis due to high relapse rates. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) HCT outcomes are largely unknown in this population. We found that compared with sibling HCT, relapse risks were similar after UCB (n=126), (HR 0.86, p=0.54) and URD (n=91) (HR 0.81, p=0.43). UCB HCT was associated with statistically higher non-relapse mortality compared with sibling HCT (HR 2.32, p=0.02), but not vs. URD (HR 1.72, p=0.07). All three cohorts had statistically not significant 3-year LFS: 39% (95% CI 30–47) after UCB, 43% (95% CI 30–54) after sibling, and 50% (95% CI 40–60) after URD. Chronic GVHD rates were significantly lower after UCB compared with either sibling (HR 0.59, p=0.03) or URD (HR 0.49, p=0.001). Adverse factors for LFS included high leukocyte count at diagnosis and HCT during CR2. UCB is a suitable option for adults with FLT3+AML in the absence of an HLA-matched sibling and its immediate availability may be particularly important for FLT3+ AML where early relapse is common thus allowing HCT in CR1 when outcomes are best.
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11
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Soldevilla MM, Villanueva H, Bendandi M, Inoges S, López-Díaz de Cerio A, Pastor F. 2-fluoro-RNA oligonucleotide CD40 targeted aptamers for the control of B lymphoma and bone-marrow aplasia. Biomaterials 2015; 67:274-85. [PMID: 26231918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have underscored the importance of immunomodulatory antibodies in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. ODN-Aptamers are rising as a novel class of drugs that can rival therapeutic antibodies. The success of some of the current cancer immunotherapy approaches in oncological patients depends on the intrinsic antigenicity of each tumor as has recently been disclosed, and it is hampered in those patients that are treated with myeloablative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, which induce profound immunosuppression. CD40 agonist and antagonist molecules offer a new therapeutic alternative which has the potential to generate anticancer effects by different mechanisms. HS-SELEX was performed to identify high-affinity aptamers against CD40, and three therapeutic CD40 constructs were engineered as: CD40 agonist aptamer, CD40 antagonist aptamer and CD40 agonistic aptamer-shRNA chimera. It is shown that CD40 agonist aptamers can be used to promote bone-marrow aplasia recovery. CD40 antagonist aptamers are revealed to have a direct antitumor effect on CD40-expressing B-cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Further, in order to identify a therapeutic reagent that will generate the optimal conditions for cancer immunotherapy (antigen-presenting cell activation, tumor antigenicity enhancement and bone-marrow aplasia recovery), CD40 agonist aptamer-shRNA chimera was generated to target the inhibition of the Nonsense mRNA Mediated Decay (NMD) to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Martinez Soldevilla
- CIMA, Program of Molecular Therapies, Aptamer Unit, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Helena Villanueva
- CIMA, Program of Molecular Therapies, Aptamer Unit, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maurizio Bendandi
- Ross University School of Medicine, PO Box 266 Roseau, Portsmouth, Dominica
| | - Susana Inoges
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Pastor
- CIMA, Program of Molecular Therapies, Aptamer Unit, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Raval A, Behbehani GK, Nguyen LXT, Thomas D, Kusler B, Garbuzov A, Ramunas J, Holbrook C, Park CY, Blau H, Nolan GP, Artandi SE, Mitchell BS. Reversibility of Defective Hematopoiesis Caused by Telomere Shortening in Telomerase Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131722. [PMID: 26133370 PMCID: PMC4489842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening is common in bone marrow failure syndromes such as dyskeratosis congenita (DC), aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, improved knowledge of the lineage-specific consequences of telomere erosion and restoration of telomere length in hematopoietic progenitors is required to advance therapeutic approaches. We have employed a reversible murine model of telomerase deficiency to compare the dependence of erythroid and myeloid lineage differentiation on telomerase activity. Fifth generation Tert-/- (G5 Tert-/-) mice with shortened telomeres have significant anemia, decreased erythroblasts and reduced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations associated with neutrophilia and increased myelopoiesis. Intracellular multiparameter analysis by mass cytometry showed significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to activation of DNA damage checkpoints in erythroid progenitors and in erythroid-biased CD150hi HSC, but not in myeloid progenitors. Strikingly, Cre-inducible reactivation of telomerase activity restored hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation, normalized the DNA damage response, and improved red cell production and hemoglobin levels. These data establish a direct link between the loss of TERT activity, telomere shortening and defective erythropoiesis and suggest that novel strategies to restore telomerase function may have an important role in the treatment of the resulting anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Raval
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Behbehani
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, United States of America
| | - Brenda Kusler
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Alina Garbuzov
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - John Ramunas
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, United States of America
| | - Colin Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, United States of America
| | - Christopher Y. Park
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Helen Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, United States of America
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Artandi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Beverly S. Mitchell
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang L, Xiao H, Zhang X, Wang C, Huang H. The role of telomeres and telomerase in hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:61. [PMID: 25139287 PMCID: PMC4237881 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are specific nucleoprotein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres and telomere-associated proteins maintain genome stability by protecting the ends of chromosomes from fusion and degradation. In normal somatic cells, the length of the telomeres gradually becomes shortened with cell division. In tumor cells, the shortening of telomeres length is accelerated under the increased proliferation pressure. However, it will be maintained at an extremely short length as the result of activation of telomerase. Significantly shortened telomeres, activation of telomerase, and altered expression of telomere-associated proteins are common features of various hematologic malignancies and are related with progression or chemotherapy resistance in these diseases. In patients who have received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the telomere length and the telomerase activity of the engrafted donor cells have a significant influence on HSCT outcomes. Transplantation-related factors should be taken into consideration because of their impacts on telomere homeostasis. As activation of telomerase is widespread in tumor cells, it has been employed as a target point in the treatment of neoplastic hematologic disorders. In this review, the characteristics and roles of telomeres and telomerase both in hematologic malignancies and in HSCT will be summarized. The current status of telomerase-targeted therapies utilized in the treatment of hematologic malignancies will also be reviewed.
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Chen G, Yue A, Ruan Z, Yin Y, Wang R, Ren Y, Zhu L. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells do not undergo malignant transformation during long-term culturing in serum-free medium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98565. [PMID: 24887492 PMCID: PMC4041760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are in the foreground as a preferable application for treating diseases. However, the safety of hUC-MSCs after long-term culturing in vitro in serum-free medium remains unclear. METHODS hUC-MSCs were separated by adherent tissue culture. hUC-MSCs were cultured in serum-free MesenCult-XF medium and FBS-bases DMEM complete medium. At the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 10th, and 15th passage, the differentiation of MSCs into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells was detected, and MTT, surface antigens were measured. Tumorigenicity was analyzed at the 15th passage. Conventional karyotyping was performed at passage 0, 8, and 15. The telomerase activity of hUC-MSCs at passage 1-15 was analyzed. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed that very high expression was detected for CD105, CD73, and CD90 and very low expression for CD45, CD34, CD14, CD79a, and HLA-DR. MSCs could differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro. There was no obvious chromosome elimination, displacement, or chromosomal imbalance as determined from the guidelines of the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Telomerase activity was down-regulated significantly when the culture time was prolonged. Further, no tumors formed in rats injected with hUC-MSCs (P15) cultured in serum-free and in serum-containing conditions. CONCLUSION Our data showed that hUC-MSCs met the International Society for Cellular Therapy standards for conditions of long-term in vitro culturing at P15. Since hUC-MSCs can be safely expanded in vitro and are not susceptible to malignant transformation in serum-free medium, these cells are suitable for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gecai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Aihuan Yue
- Jiangsu Beike Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhongbao Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yigang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - RuZhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yin Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
- * E-mail:
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Sieburg HB, Cattarossi G, Muller-Sieburg CE. Lifespan differences in hematopoietic stem cells are due to imperfect repair and unstable mean-reversion. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003006. [PMID: 23637582 PMCID: PMC3630147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The life-long supply of blood cells depends on the long-term function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs are functionally defined by their multi-potency and self-renewal capacity. Because of their self-renewal capacity, HSCs were thought to have indefinite lifespans. However, there is increasing evidence that genetically identical HSCs differ in lifespan and that the lifespan of a HSC is predetermined and HSC-intrinsic. Lifespan is here defined as the time a HSC gives rise to all mature blood cells. This raises the intriguing question: what controls the lifespan of HSCs within the same animal, exposed to the same environment? We present here a new model based on reliability theory to account for the diversity of lifespans of HSCs. Using clonal repopulation experiments and computational-mathematical modeling, we tested how small-scale, molecular level, failures are dissipated at the HSC population level. We found that the best fit of the experimental data is provided by a model, where the repopulation failure kinetics of each HSC are largely anti-persistent, or mean-reverting, processes. Thus, failure rates repeatedly increase during population-wide division events and are counteracted and decreased by repair processes. In the long-run, a crossover from anti-persistent to persistent behavior occurs. The cross-over is due to a slow increase in the mean failure rate of self-renewal and leads to rapid clonal extinction. This suggests that the repair capacity of HSCs is self-limiting. Furthermore, we show that the lifespan of each HSC depends on the amplitudes and frequencies of fluctuations in the failure rate kinetics. Shorter and longer lived HSCs differ significantly in their pre-programmed ability to dissipate perturbations. A likely interpretation of these findings is that the lifespan of HSCs is determined by preprogrammed differences in repair capacity. All hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by the capacities to produce all blood cell-types by differentiation and to maintain their own population through self-renewal divisions. Every individual HSC, therefore, can generate a complete blood system, or clone, conveying oxygenation and immune protection for a limited time. The time for which all mature blood cell-types can be found in a clone is called the lifespan. Interestingly, HSCs with different lifespans co-exist in the same host. We address the unresolved question: what controls the lifespan of HSCs of the same genotype exposed to the same environment? Here, we use a new approach to multi-scale modeling based on reliability theory and non-linear dynamics to address this question. Large-scale fluctuations in the experimental failure rate kinetics of HSC clones are identified to predict small-scale, genome level, events of deep penetrance, or magnitudes that approach population size. We broadly find that one condition explains our experimental data: repair mechanisms are a priori imperfect and do not improve, nor deteriorate, during the lifespan. As a result, progressively “worse-than-old” genome replicates are generated in self-renewal. A likely interpretation of our findings is that the lifespan of adult HSCs is determined by epigenetically pre-programmed differences in repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans B Sieburg
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Zeng B, Hu J, Yuan R, Hu L, Zhong L, Kang K. Increased expression of importin13 in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:CR361-7. [PMID: 22648251 PMCID: PMC3560734 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Importin13 (IPO13) is a novel potential marker of corneal epithelial progenitor cells. We investigated the expression and localization of IPO13 in endometrial, endometriotic and endometrial carcinoma tissue. Material/Methods IPO13 expression in endometrial, endometriotic and endometrial carcinoma tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry, qPCR and Western blot. Results Immunohistochemistry studies showed that IPO13 protein was expressed mainly in cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cell and stromal cells. The rate of importin13-positive cells in proliferative phase endometrium was higher (by about 6-fold) than that in secretory endometrium (P<0.05) and the rate of importin13-positive cells in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma was higher than that in normal secretory phase endometrial tissues (by about 4- and 9-fold, respectively). Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed co-localization of IPO13 with CD34, CD45, c-kit, telomerase, CD90 and CD146. QPCR revealed significantly increased IPO13 mRNA in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma versus secretory phase endometrium (by about 2- and 10-fold, respectively). Western blot analysis showed that IPO13 protein is enhanced in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma versus secretory phase endometrium (p<0.05). Conclusions These results demonstrate an increased expression of IPO13 in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma; IPO13 can serve as an endometrial progenitor/stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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