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Šimičić P, Batović M, Stojanović Marković A, Židovec-Lepej S. Deciphering the Role of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 in Immune Modulation: A Multifaced Signalling Perspective. Viruses 2024; 16:564. [PMID: 38675906 PMCID: PMC11054855 DOI: 10.3390/v16040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of antiviral sensors and the evasion of immune defences by various tactics are hallmarks of EBV infection. One of the EBV latent gene products, LMP1, was shown to induce the activation of signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK (JNK, ERK1/2, p38), JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt, via three subdomains of its C-terminal domain, regulating the expression of several cytokines responsible for modulation of the immune response and therefore promoting viral persistence. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the EBV-mediated induction of immunomodulatory molecules by the activation of signal transduction pathways with a particular focus on LMP1-mediated mechanisms. A more detailed understanding of the cytokine biology molecular landscape in EBV infections could contribute to the more complete understanding of diseases associated with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Šimičić
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Vinogradska cesta 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Margarita Batović
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Dubrava University Hospital, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anita Stojanović Marković
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snjezana Židovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Pfeffer K, Ho TH, Grill FJ, Ruiz Y, Lake DF. Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that binds to Galectin-1. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 210:106308. [PMID: 37209931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that has been implicated as a suppressive molecule in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Gal-1 has known immunomodulatory activity and was found to be expressed on regulatory T cells, leading to the potential for targeted immunotherapies. Anti-Gal-1 monoclonal antibodies were generated in this study using classical hybridoma techniques. MAb 6F3 was found to bind to Gal-1 by Western blot and ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell surface and intracellular binding of mAb 6F3 to Gal-1 in PBMC-derived Tregs and tumor cells, including Treg-like cell lines. These results suggest mAb 6F3 may be used to further study Gal-1 protein expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Pfeffer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Yvette Ruiz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas F Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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3
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Yu X, Qian J, Ding L, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Galectin-1: A Traditionally Immunosuppressive Protein Displays Context-Dependent Capacities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076501. [PMID: 37047471 PMCID: PMC10095249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin–Carbohydrate interactions are indispensable to pathogen recognition and immune response. Galectin-1, a ubiquitously expressed 14-kDa protein with an evolutionarily conserved β-galactoside binding site, translates glycoconjugate recognition into function. That galectin-1 is demonstrated to induce T cell apoptosis has led to substantial attention to the immunosuppressive properties of this protein, such as inducing naive immune cells to suppressive phenotypes, promoting recruitment of immunosuppressing cells as well as impairing functions of cytotoxic leukocytes. However, only in recent years have studies shown that galectin-1 appears to perform a pro-inflammatory role in certain diseases. In this review, we describe the anti-inflammatory function of galectin-1 and its possible mechanisms and summarize the existing therapies and preclinical efficacy relating to these agents. In the meantime, we also discuss the potential causal factors by which galectin-1 promotes the progression of inflammation.
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4
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Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:295-316. [PMID: 36759557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins that have crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. As a group, these proteins use both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms as well as glycan-dependent and independent pathways to reprogramme the fate and function of numerous cell types. Given their multifunctional roles in both tissue fibrosis and cancer, galectins have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. Here, we focus on the therapeutic relevance of galectins, particularly galectin 1 (GAL1), GAL3 and GAL9 to tumour progression and fibrotic diseases. We consider an array of galectin-targeted strategies, including small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors, natural polysaccharides and their derivatives, peptides, peptidomimetics and biological agents (notably, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and truncated galectins) and discuss their mechanisms of action, selectivity and therapeutic potential in preclinical models of fibrosis and cancer. We also review the results of clinical trials that aim to evaluate the efficacy of galectin inhibitors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cancer. The rapid pace of glycobiology research, combined with the acute need for drugs to alleviate fibrotic inflammation and overcome resistance to anticancer therapies, will accelerate the translation of anti-galectin therapeutics into clinical practice.
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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6
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Long M, Mims AS, Li Z. Factors Affecting the Cancer Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of T Cell Bispecific Antibodies and Strategies for Improvement. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:2176-2214. [PMID: 36259611 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2131569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T-cell bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) are a new class of cancer immunotherapy drugs that can simultaneously bind to tumor-associated antigens on target cells and to the CD3 subunit of the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T cells. In the last decade, numerous T-BsAbs have been developed for the treatment of both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Among them, blinatumomab has been successfully used to treat CD19 positive malignancies and has been approved by the FDA as standard care for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, in many clinical scenarios, the efficacy of T-BsAbs remains unsatisfactory. To further improve T-BsAb therapy, it will be crucial to better understand the factors affecting treatment efficacy and the nature of the T-BsAb-induced immune response. Herein, we first review the studies on the potential mechanisms by which T-BsAbs activate T-cells and how they elicit efficient target killing despite suboptimal costimulatory support. We focus on analyzing reports from clinical trials and preclinical studies, and summarize the factors that have been identified to impact the efficacy of T-BsAbs. Lastly, we review current and propose new approaches to improve the clinical efficacy of T-BsAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alice S Mims
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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A Dynamic Interplay of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Galectin-1 Reprograms Viral Latency during HIV-1 Infection. mBio 2022; 13:e0061122. [PMID: 35943163 PMCID: PMC9426495 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00611-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined Antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses HIV replication but fails to eradicate the virus, which persists in a small pool of long-lived latently infected cells. Immune activation and residual inflammation during cART are considered to contribute to viral persistence. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, play central roles in host-pathogen interactions and inflammatory responses. Depending on their structure, glycan binding specificities and/or formation of distinct multivalent signaling complexes, different members of this family can complement, synergize, or oppose the function of others. Here, we identify a regulatory circuit, mediated by galectin-1 (Gal-1)–glycan interactions, that promotes reversal of HIV-1 latency in infected T cells. We found elevated levels of circulating Gal-1 in plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals, which correlated both with inflammatory markers and the transcriptional activity of the reservoir, as determined by unspliced-RNA (US-RNA) copy number. Proinflammatory extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from the plasma of HIV-infected individuals induced Gal-1 secretion by macrophages. Extracellularly, Gal-1 interacted with latently infected resting primary CD4+ T cells and J-LAT cells in a glycan-dependent manner and reversed HIV latency via activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-infected individuals showed increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity when exposed to Gal-1. Thus, by modulating reservoir dynamics, EV-driven Gal-1 secretion by macrophages links inflammation with HIV-1 persistence in cART-treated individuals.
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8
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Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051017. [PMID: 35632758 PMCID: PMC9146158 DOI: 10.3390/v14051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause different types of cancer in human beings when the virus infects different cell types with various latent patterns. EBV shapes a distinct and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to its benefit by influencing and interacting with different components in the TME. Different EBV-associated malignancies adopt similar but slightly specific immunosuppressive mechanisms by encoding different EBV products to escape both innate and adaptive immune responses. Strategies reversing the immunosuppressive TME of EBV-associated malignancies have been under evaluation in clinical practice. As the interactions among EBV, tumor cells, and TME are intricate, in this review, we mainly discuss the epidemiology of EBV, the life cycle of EBV, the cellular and molecular composition of TME, and a landscape of different EBV-associated malignancies and immunotherapy by targeting the TME.
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Lv K, Yin T, Yu M, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Li F. Treatment Advances in EBV Related Lymphoproliferative Diseases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:838817. [PMID: 35515118 PMCID: PMC9063483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.838817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) can affect 90% of the human population. It can invade B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells of the host and remain in the host for life. The long latency and reactivation of EBV can cause malignant transformation, leading to various lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs), including EBV-related B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV-B-LPDs) (for example, Burkitt lymphoma (BL), classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), and posttransplantation and HIV-related lymphoproliferative diseases) and EBV-related T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV-T/NK-LPDs) (for example, extranodal nasal type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), aggressive NK cell leukaemia (ANKL), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). EBV-LPDs are heterogeneous with different clinical features and prognoses. The treatment of EBV-LPDs is usually similar to that of EBV-negative lymphoma with the same histology and can include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, problems such as serious toxicity and drug resistance worsen the survival prognosis of patients. EBV expresses a variety of viral and lytic proteins that regulate cell cycle and death processes and promote the survival of tumour cells. Based on these characteristics, a series of treatment strategies for EBV in related malignant tumours have been developed, such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and epigenetic therapy. These new individualized therapies can produce highly specific killing effects on tumour cells, and nontumour cells can be protected from toxicity. This paper will focus on the latest progress in the treatment of EBV-LPDs based on pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebing Lv
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Yu
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulan Zhou
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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10
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Marongiu L, Allgayer H. Viruses in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1423-1450. [PMID: 34514694 PMCID: PMC8978519 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microorganisms might represent at least highly interesting cofactors in colorectal cancer (CRC) oncogenesis and progression. Still, associated mechanisms, specifically in colonocytes and their microenvironmental interactions, are still poorly understood. Although, currently, at least seven viruses are being recognized as human carcinogens, only three of these – Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and John Cunningham virus (JCV) – have been described, with varying levels of evidence, in CRC. In addition, cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been associated with CRC in some publications, albeit not being a fully acknowledged oncovirus. Moreover, recent microbiome studies set increasing grounds for new hypotheses on bacteriophages as interesting additional modulators in CRC carcinogenesis and progression. The present Review summarizes how particular groups of viruses, including bacteriophages, affect cells and the cellular and microbial microenvironment, thereby putatively contributing to foster CRC. This could be achieved, for example, by promoting several processes – such as DNA damage, chromosomal instability, or molecular aspects of cell proliferation, CRC progression and metastasis – not necessarily by direct infection of epithelial cells only, but also by interaction with the microenvironment of infected cells. In this context, there are striking common features of EBV, CMV, HPV and JCV that are able to promote oncogenesis, in terms of establishing latent infections and affecting p53‐/pRb‐driven, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐/EGFR‐associated and especially Wnt/β‐catenin‐driven pathways. We speculate that, at least in part, such viral impacts on particular pathways might be reflected in lasting (e.g. mutational or further genomic) fingerprints of viruses in cells. Also, the complex interplay between several species within the intestinal microbiome, involving a direct or indirect impact on colorectal and microenvironmental cells but also between, for example, phages and bacterial and viral pathogens, and further novel species certainly might, in part, explain ongoing difficulties to establish unequivocal monocausal links between specific viral infections and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Unraveling How Tumor-Derived Galectins Contribute to Anti-Cancer Immunity Failure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184529. [PMID: 34572756 PMCID: PMC8469970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review compiles our current knowledge of one of the main pathways activated by tumors to escape immune attack. Indeed, it integrates the current understanding of how tumor-derived circulating galectins affect the elicitation of effective anti-tumor immunity. It focuses on several relevant topics: which are the main galectins produced by tumors, how soluble galectins circulate throughout biological liquids (taking a body-settled gradient concentration into account), the conditions required for the galectins’ functions to be accomplished at the tumor and tumor-distant sites, and how the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment in each tissue determine their functions. These are no mere semantic definitions as they define which functions can be performed in said tissues instead. Finally, we discuss the promising future of galectins as targets in cancer immunotherapy and some outstanding questions in the field. Abstract Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. It is, therefore, essential to fully understand how lymphocytes are activated in a tumor microenvironment and, above all, how to prevent these cells from becoming dysfunctional. Tumors produce galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as one of the major molecular mechanisms to evade immune control of tumor development. These galectins impact different steps in the establishment of the anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we carry out a critical dissection on the mechanisms through which tumor-derived galectins can influence the production and the functionality of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This knowledge may help us design more effective immunotherapies to treat human cancers.
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12
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Yamamoto T, Kanda A, Kase S, Ishida S. Hypoxia Induces Galectin-1 Expression Via Autoinduction of Placental Growth Factor in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:22. [PMID: 33599733 PMCID: PMC7900883 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Galectin-1/LGALS1, a β-galactoside-binding protein, contributes to angiogenesis and fibrosis in various ocular diseases. Hypoxia-dependent and -independent pathways upregulate galectin-1/LGALS1 expression in Müller glial cells. Here, we present novel findings on the galectin-1/LGALS1 regulatory system in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, the major cellular participant in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods Human RPE cells were used to evaluate changes in gene and protein expression with real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblot analyses, respectively. The promoter and enhancer regions of LGALS1 were analyzed by reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Immunofluorescence analysis of nAMD patient specimens was used to confirm the in vitro findings. Results Hypoxia induced galectin-1/LGALS1 expression via binding of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) to hypoxia-responsive elements in the LGALS1 promoter region. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) partially decreased hypoxia-induced galectin-1/LGALS1 expression. Among several VEGFR1 ligands induced by hypoxia, placental growth factor (PlGF)/PGF alone upregulated galectin-1/LGALS1 expression via phosphorylation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) subunits following AKT and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. An AP-1 site in the LGALS1 enhancer region was required for PlGF-induced galectin-1/LGALS1 expression in RPE cells. PlGF application upregulated PGF expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, AKT, and p38 MAPK pathways. nAMD patient specimens demonstrated co-localization of galectin-1 with HIF-1α, PlGF, and VEGFR1 in RPE cells. Conclusions Our present findings implicate the significance of hypoxia as a key inducer of galectin-1/LGALS1 in RPE cells and the autoinduction of hypoxia-induced PlGF as a vicious cycle amplifying the pathogenesis of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoru Kase
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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13
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Carbone A, Gloghini A, Serraino D, Spina M, Tirelli U, Vaccher E. Immunodeficiency-associated Hodgkin lymphoma. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:547-559. [PMID: 34044724 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1935851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) can occur in different host conditions, i.e. in the general population and immunocompromised individuals, either during HIV infection or solid organ/hematopoietic transplantation and immunosuppressive drug treatment.Areas covered: Areas covered include multidimensional characteristics of tumor cells and cellular composition of tumor microenvironment of HL. Current conventional treatments and new treatment strategies for HL in immunosuppressed patients, especially in persons living with HIV (PLWH), are also discussed.PubMed and MEDLINE were used for database searches to identify articles in English published from 1989 to 2020.Expert opinion: For people with post-transplant HL or for those with HIV/AIDS-associated HL, standard treatments mirror those in the general population. In the last decade, the combination of cART with anti-neoplastic treatments, alongside with current anti-rejection therapies, has increased long-term survival of people with HL and acquired immune deficiencies. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation have been favorably proven as salvage therapy in PLWH with relapsed and refractory HL. Immune checkpoint inhibitors emerged as an area of clinical investigation for relapsed and refractory HL in the general population. Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) drug, resulted safe in PLWH indicating that PD-1 ligand assessment should be advisable in HIV-associated HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Carbone
- Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Spina
- Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Umberto Tirelli
- Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vaccher
- Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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14
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Spatiotemporal regulation of galectin-1-induced T-cell death in lamina propria from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Apoptosis 2021; 26:323-337. [PMID: 33978920 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is an endogenous lectin with key pro-resolving roles, including induction of T-cell apoptosis and secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Despite considerable progress, the relevance of Gal-1-induced T-cell death in inflamed tissue from human IBD patients has not been ascertained. Intestinal biopsies and surgical specimens from control patients (n = 52) and patients with active or inactive IBD (n = 97) were studied. Gal-1 expression was studied by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Gal-1-specific ligands and Gal-1-induced apoptosis of lamina propria (LP) T-cells were determined by TUNEL and flow cytometry. We found a transient expression of asialo core 1-O-glycans in LP T-cells from inflamed areas (p < 0.05) as revealed by flow cytometry using peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding and assessing dysregulation of the core-2 β 1-6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (C2GNT1), an enzyme responsible for elongation of core 2 O-glycans. Consequently, Gal-1 binding was attenuated in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ LP T-cells isolated from inflamed sites (p < 0.05). Incubation with recombinant Gal-1 induced apoptosis of LP CD3+ T-cells isolated from control subjects and non-inflamed areas of IBD patients (p < 0.05), but not from inflamed areas. In conclusion, our findings showed that transient regulation of the O-glycan profile during inflammation modulates Gal-1 binding and LP T-cell survival in IBD patients.
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Pérez Sáez JM, Hockl PF, Cagnoni AJ, Méndez Huergo SP, García PA, Gatto SG, Cerliani JP, Croci DO, Rabinovich GA. Characterization of a neutralizing anti-human galectin-1 monoclonal antibody with angioregulatory and immunomodulatory activities. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:1-5. [PMID: 33006019 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of highly conserved β-galactoside-binding proteins, control tumor progression by modulating different hallmarks of cancer. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of this family, plays essential roles in tumor angiogenesis and immunosuppression by cross-linking glycosylated receptors on the surface of endothelial and immune cells. Targeted disruption of Gal-1 suppresses tumor growth by counteracting aberrant angiogenesis and reinforcing antitumor immunity in several experimental settings. Given the multiple therapeutic benefits associated with Gal-1 blockade, several Gal-1 inhibitors, including glycan-based competitors, antagonistic peptides, aptamers and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, have been designed and evaluated in pre-clinical tumor models. Here we report the biochemical and functional characterization of a newly developed neutralizing anti-human Gal-1 monoclonal antibody (Gal-1-mAb3), which specifically recognizes a unique epitope in Gal-1 protein and exerts both angioregulatory and immunomodulatory activities. Blockade of Gal-1 function using Gal-1-mAb3, might be relevant not only in cancer but also in other pathologic conditions characterized by aberrant angiogenesis and uncontrolled immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pablo F Hockl
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejando J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago P Méndez Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A García
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, M5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sabrina G Gatto
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Cerliani
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, M5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Wang WH, Lin CY, Chang MR, Urbina AN, Assavalapsakul W, Thitithanyanont A, Chen YH, Liu FT, Wang SF. The role of galectins in virus infection - A systemic literature review. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 53:925-935. [PMID: 31630962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins are β-Galactose binding lectins expressed in numerous cells and play multiple roles in various physiological and cellular functions. However, few information is available regarding the role of galectins in virus infections. Here, we conducted a systemic literature review to analyze the role of galectins in human virus infection. METHODS This study uses a systematic method to identify and select eligible articles according to the PRISMA guidelines. References were selected from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar database covering publication dated from August 1995 to December 2018. RESULTS Results indicate that galectins play multiple roles in regulation of virus infections. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), galectin-8 (Gal-8), and galectin-9 (Gal-9) were found as the most predominant galectins reported to participate in virus infection. The regulatory function of galectins occurs by extracellularly binding to viral glycosylated envelope proteins, interacting with ligands or receptors on immune cells, or acting intracellularly with viral or cellular components in the cytoplasm. Several galectins express either positive or negative regulatory role, while some had dual regulatory capabilities on virus propagation based on the conditions and their localization. However, limited information about the endogenous function of galectins were found. Therefore, the endogenous effects of galectins in host-virus regulation remains valuable to investigate. CONCLUSIONS This study offers information regarding the various roles galectins shown in viral infection and suggest that galectins can potentially be used as viral therapeutic targets or antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Max R Chang
- Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80145, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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17
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Ayona D, Fournier PE, Henrissat B, Desnues B. Utilization of Galectins by Pathogens for Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1877. [PMID: 32973776 PMCID: PMC7466766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are glycan-binding proteins which are expressed by many different cell types and secreted extracellularly. These molecules are well-known regulators of immune responses and involved in a broad range of cellular and pathophysiological functions. During infections, host galectins can either avoid or facilitate infections by interacting with host cells- and/or pathogen-derived glycoconjugates and less commonly, with proteins. Some pathogens also express self-produced galectins to interfere with host immune responses. This review summarizes pathogens which take advantage of host- or pathogen-produced galectins to establish the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyoly Ayona
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- USC1408 Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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18
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Jabłońska E, Białopiotrowicz E, Szydłowski M, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Juszczyński P, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A. DEPTOR is a microRNA-155 target regulating migration and cytokine production in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:56-67.e2. [PMID: 32702393 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-155 (MiR-155) is involved in normal B-cell development and lymphomagenesis, affecting cell differentiation, motility, and intracellular signaling. In this study, we searched for new targets of MiR-155 potentially involved in deregulation of the B-cell receptor pathway (BCR) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We report that MiR-155 represses DEPTOR (an mTOR phosphatase) and c-CBL (SYK ubiquitin E3 ligase) through direct 3'-untranslated region interactions. In primary DLBCLs, MiR-155 exhibits a reciprocal expression pattern with DEPTOR and c-CBL. Inhibition of MiR-155 decreased expression of NFκB target genes and sensitized DLBCL cells to ibrutinib, confirming the role of MiR-155 in the modulation of BCR signaling. As the function of DEPTOR in DLBCLs has never been addressed, we first evaluated its expression in a series of 76 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients. DEPTOR protein expression was markedly lower in more aggressive nongerminal center-like (non-GCB) DLBCLs than in GCB tumors. In cell line models, inhibition of DEPTOR expression favored the migration of DLBCL cells toward the CXCL12 gradient. Finally, loss or gain of DEPTOR modulated the expression of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We thus identified DEPTOR as a new MiR-155 target that is differentially expressed between GCB- and non-GCB-type DLBCLs and modulates cell migration and cytokine expression in DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Białopiotrowicz
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Li C, Romero-Masters JC, Huebner S, Ohashi M, Hayes M, Bristol JA, Nelson SE, Eichelberg MR, Van Sciver N, Ranheim EA, Scott RS, Johannsen EC, Kenney SC. EBNA2-deleted Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) isolate, P3HR1, causes Hodgkin-like lymphomas and diffuse large B cell lymphomas with type II and Wp-restricted latency types in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008590. [PMID: 32542010 PMCID: PMC7316346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV transforms B cells in vitro and causes human B-cell lymphomas including classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The EBV latency protein, EBNA2, transcriptionally activates the promoters of all latent viral protein-coding genes expressed in type III EBV latency and is essential for EBV's ability to transform B cells in vitro. However, EBNA2 is not expressed in EBV-infected CHLs and BLs in humans. EBV-positive CHLs have type II latency and are largely driven by the EBV LMP1/LMP2A proteins, while EBV-positive BLs, which usually have type I latency are largely driven by c-Myc translocations, and only express the EBNA1 protein and viral non-coding RNAs. Approximately 15% of human BLs contain naturally occurring EBNA2-deleted viruses that support a form of viral latency known as Wp-restricted (expressing the EBNA-LP, EBNA3A/3B/3C, EBNA1 and BHRF1 proteins), but whether Wp-restricted latency and/or EBNA2-deleted EBV can induce lymphomas in humanized mice, or in the absence of c-Myc translocations, is unknown. Here we show that a naturally occurring EBNA2-deleted EBV strain (P3HR1) isolated from a human BL induces EBV-positive B-cell lymphomas in a subset of infected cord blood-humanized (CBH) mice. Furthermore, we find that P3HR1-infected lymphoma cells support two different viral latency types and phenotypes that are mutually exclusive: 1) Large (often multinucleated), CD30-positive, CD45-negative cells reminiscent of the Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in CHL that express high levels of LMP1 but not EBNA-LP (consistent with type II viral latency); and 2) smaller monomorphic CD30-negative DLBCL-like cells that express EBNA-LP and EBNA3A but not LMP1 (consistent with Wp-restricted latency). These results reveal that EBNA2 is not absolutely required for EBV to form tumors in CBH mice and suggest that P3HR1 virus can be used to model EBV positive lymphomas with both Wp-restricted and type II latency in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/metabolism
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/metabolism
- Gene Deletion
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Hodgkin Disease/genetics
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Hodgkin Disease/virology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Mice
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Latency
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James C. Romero-Masters
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shane Huebner
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Makoto Ohashi
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Hayes
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jillian A. Bristol
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Eichelberg
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Van Sciver
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Erik A. Ranheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rona S. Scott
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Johannsen
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shannon C. Kenney
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Górniak P, Wasylecka-Juszczyńska M, Ługowska I, Rutkowski P, Polak A, Szydłowski M, Juszczyński P. BRAF inhibition curtails IFN-gamma-inducible PD-L1 expression and upregulates the immunoregulatory protein galectin-1 in melanoma cells. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1817-1832. [PMID: 32330348 PMCID: PMC7400781 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma is considered one of the most immunogenic malignancies, spontaneous T‐cell responses to melanoma antigens are ineffective due to tumor cell‐intrinsic or microenvironment‐driven immune evasion mechanisms. For example, oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma cells fosters tumor immune escape by modulating cell immunogenicity and microenvironment composition. BRAF inhibition has been shown to increase melanoma cell immunogenicity, but these effects are transient and long‐term responses are uncommon. For these reasons, we aimed to further characterize the role of BRAF‐V600E mutation in the modulation of PD‐L1, a known immunoregulatory molecule, and galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), a potent immunoregulatory lectin involved in melanoma immune privilege. We report herein that vemurafenib downregulates IFN‐γ‐induced PD‐L1 expression by interfering with STAT1 activity and by decreasing PD‐L1 protein translation. Surprisingly, melanoma cells exposed to vemurafenib expressed higher levels of Gal‐1. In coculture experiments, A375 melanoma cells pretreated with vemurafenib induced apoptosis of interacting Jurkat T cells, whereas genetic inhibition of Gal‐1 in these cells restored the viability of cocultured T lymphocytes, indicating that Gal‐1 contributes to tumor immune escape. Importantly, Gal‐1 plasma concentration increased in patients progressing on BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment, but remained stable in responding patients. Taken together, these results suggest a two‐faceted nature of BRAF inhibition‐associated immunomodulatory effects: an early immunostimulatory activity, mediated at least in part by decreased PD‐L1 expression, and a delayed immunosuppressive effect associated with Gal‐1 induction. Importantly, our observations suggest that Gal‐1 might be utilized as a potential biomarker and a putative therapeutic target in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Górniak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Ługowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.,Early Phase Clinical Trial Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Galectins in prostate and bladder cancer: tumorigenic roles and clinical opportunities. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:433-445. [PMID: 31015643 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced prostate and bladder cancer are two outstanding unmet medical needs for urological oncologists. The high prevalence of these tumours, lack of effective biomarkers and limited effective treatment options highlight the importance of basic research in these diseases. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that are frequently altered (upregulated or downregulated) in a wide range of tumours and have roles in different stages of tumour development and progression, including immune evasion. In particular, altered expression levels of different members of the galectin family have been reported in prostate and bladder cancers, which, together with the aberrant glycosylation patterns found in tumour cells and the constituent cell types of the tumour microenvironment, can result in malignant transformation and tumour progression. Understanding the roles of galectin family proteins in the development and progression of prostate and bladder cancer could yield key insights to inform the clinical management of these diseases.
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22
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Holst JM, Ludvigsen M, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Bendix K, Plesner TL, Nørgaard P, Møller MB, Steiniche T, Rabinovich GA, d'Amore F, Pedersen MB. High intratumoural galectin-1 expression predicts adverse outcome in ALK - ALCL and CD30 + PTCL-NOS. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:59-66. [PMID: 31834627 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been associated with adverse prognosis in several cancers including lymphoma entities with CD30 expression. However, Gal-1 expression has not been systematically assessed in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). Specimens from 169 nodal PTCL were assessed for intratumoural Gal-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Overall survival (OS) in groups exhibiting high and low Gal-1 expression was compared in the cohort and in a subset analysis of CD30-positive PTCL only. Gal-1 expression was also correlated with biomarkers of the tumour microenvironment. No significant difference in OS based on Gal-1 expression was observed in the entire PTCL cohort. However, in the CD30-positive cohort, patients with high Gal-1 levels had significantly poorer outcome (5 years OS 10%, 95% confidence interval CI, 1-36) than their low Gal-1 counterparts (5 years OS 48%, 95% CI, 30-64, P = .021). In univariate analyses age 60 or younger, non-elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and performance score less than 2 correlated with superior survival but high Gal-1 expression significantly predicted adverse outcome at both univariate (HR 2.5, 95% CI, 1.1-5.7, P = .026) and multivariate levels (HR 3.2, 95% CI, 1.2-8.5, P = .017). Tumours with high Gal-1 had few cytotoxic T cells in the tumour microenvironment. High intratumoural Gal-1 expression before therapeutic intervention correlates with adverse outcome in nodal CD30+ , ALK- PTCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Marie Holst
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Knud Bendix
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Nørgaard
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael B Møller
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francesco d'Amore
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Veloza L, Teixido C, Castrejon N, Climent F, Carrió A, Marginet M, Soldini D, González-Farré B, Ribera-Cortada I, Lopez-Guillermo A, González-Barca E, Sierra A, Herrera M, Gómez C, Garcia A, Balagué O, Campo E, Martinez A. Clinicopathological evaluation of the programmed cell death 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: association with Epstein-Barr virus, PD-L1 copy number alterations, and outcome. Histopathology 2019; 75:799-812. [PMID: 30861172 DOI: 10.1111/his.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The clinical implications of the programmed cell death 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are largely unknown, and its association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status and PD-L1 copy number alterations (CNAs) has not been thoroughly studied. METHODS AND RESULTS PD1/PD-L1 expression was studied in 50 adult post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and the correlations with PD-L1 CNAs, EBV, clinicopathological features and outcome were evaluated. Thirty-seven (74%) cases were classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), nine (18%) cases were classified as polymorphic, and four (8%) cases were classified as classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Thirty-four cases were EBV-positive, with 29 of 34 (85%) having latency II or III, and 15 of 34 (44%) having viral replication. PD-L1 expression in tumour cells and tumour-associated macrophages was observed in 30 (60%) and 37 (74%) cases, respectively. PD1 positivity was seen in 16 (32%) cases. PD-L1 expression was associated with EBV with latency II or III (P = 0.001) and organ rejection (P = 0.04), and, in DLBCL, with non-germinal centre type DLBCL (P < 0.001). Cases with PD-L1-positive tumour cells showed a higher number of PD-L1 CNAs than PD-L1-negative cases (P = 0.001). Patients with EBV/latency III/replication and simultaneous PD-L1 expression showed the worst overall survival (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The PD1/PD-L1 axis is deregulated in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, with frequent PD-L1 expression and PD1 negativity. PD-L1 expression is associated with EBV latency II or III and PD-L1 CNAs, and probably reflects a proinflammatory tumour microenvironment. The combined analysis of EBV status and PD-L1 expression may help to identify deeply immunosuppressed patients who can benefit from immune reconstitution approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Veloza
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Teixido
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fina Climent
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Carrió
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Marginet
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Soldini
- Institut für klinische Pathologie medica, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Blanca González-Farré
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ribera-Cortada
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Escaldes-Engordany, Principat d'Andorra
| | - Armando Lopez-Guillermo
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva González-Barca
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Institut Català Oncologia (ICO)-Hospitalet, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Sierra
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mileyka Herrera
- Fachbereich Pathologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cándida Gómez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Balagué
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Hirose I, Kanda A, Noda K, Ishida S. Glucocorticoid receptor inhibits Müller glial galectin-1 expression via DUSP1-dependent and -independent deactivation of AP-1 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6785-6796. [PMID: 31328390 PMCID: PMC6787449 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin‐1/LGALS1 is a hypoxia‐induced angiogenic factor associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, we elucidated a hypoxia‐independent pathway to produce galectin‐1 in Müller glial cells stimulated by interleukin (IL)‐1β. Here we revealed glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐mediated inhibitory mechanisms for Müller glial galectin‐1/LGALS1 expression. Activator protein (AP)‐1 site in the LGALS1 enhancer region, to which activating transcription factor2, c‐Fos and c‐Jun bind, was shown to be essential for IL‐1β‐induced galectin‐1/LGALS1 expression in Müller cells. Ligand (dexamethasone or triamcinolone acetonide)‐activated GR induced dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP)1 expression via the glucocorticoid response element and attenuated IL‐1β‐induced galectin‐1/LGALS1 expression by reducing phosphorylation of these AP‐1 subunits following AKT and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 deactivation. Moreover, activated GR also caused DUSP1‐independent down‐regulation of IL‐1β‐induced LGALS1 expression via its binding to AP‐1. Administration of glucocorticoids to mice attenuated diabetes‐induced retinal galectin‐1/Lgals1 expression together with AKT/AP‐1 and ERK/AP‐1 pathways. Supporting these in vitro and in vivo findings, immunofluorescence analyses showed co‐localization of galectin‐1 with GR and phosphorylated AP‐1 in DUSP1‐positive glial cells in fibrovascular tissues from patients with DR. Our present data demonstrated the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on glial galectin‐1 expression via DUSP1‐dependent and ‐independent deactivation of AP‐1 signalling (transactivation and transrepression), highlighting therapeutic implications for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Hirose
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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25
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Marcelis L, Tousseyn T. The Tumor Microenvironment in Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2019; 12:3-16. [PMID: 30680693 PMCID: PMC6529504 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-00219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) cover a broad spectrum of lymphoproliferative lesions arising after solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The composition and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of all non-malignant constituents of a tumor, is greatly impacted in PTLD through a complex interplay between 4 factors: 1) the graft organ causes immune stimulation through chronic antigen presentation; 2) the therapy to prevent organ rejection interferes with the immune system; 3) the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), present in 80% of PTLDs, has a causative role in the oncogenic transformation of lymphocytes and influences immune responses; 4) interaction with the donor-derived immune cells accompanying the graft. These factors make PTLDs an interesting model to look at cancer-microenvironment interactions and current findings can be of interest for other malignancies including solid tumors. Here we will review the current knowledge of the TME composition in PTLD with a focus on the different factors involved in PTLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Marcelis
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N IV, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N IV, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, 7003 24, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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26
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Crombie JL, LaCasce AS. Epstein Barr Virus Associated B-Cell Lymphomas and Iatrogenic Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Front Oncol 2019; 9:109. [PMID: 30899698 PMCID: PMC6416204 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, affecting up to 90% of the population. EBV was first identified as an oncogenic virus in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line, though subsequently has been found to drive a variety of malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and other lymphoma subtypes. EBV has a tropism for B-lymphocytes and has the unique ability to exist in a latent state, evading the host immune response. In cases of impaired cell mediated immunity, as in patients with advanced age or iatrogenic immune suppression, the virus is able to proliferate in an unregulated fashion, expressing viral antigens that predispose to transformation. EBV-positive DLBCL not otherwise specified, which has been included as a revised provisional entity in the 2016 WHO classification of lymphoid malignancies, is thought to commonly occur in older patients with immunosenescence. Similarly, it is well-established that iatrogenic immune suppression, occurring in both transplant and non-transplant settings, can predispose to EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders. EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorders are heterogeneous, with variable clinical features and prognoses depending on the context in which they arise. While DLBCL is the most common subtype, other histologic variants, including Burkitt lymphoma, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma can occur. Research aimed at understanding the underlying biology and disease prevention strategies in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases are ongoing. Additionally, personalized treatment approaches, such as immunotherapy and adoptive T-cell therapies, have yielded encouraging results, though randomized trials are needed to further define optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Crombie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann S LaCasce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Restriction of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection by Galectin-9. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01746-18. [PMID: 30487283 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01746-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus. While HCMV infection is generally asymptomatic in the immunocompetent, it can have devastating consequences in those with compromised or underdeveloped immune systems, including transplant recipients and neonates. Galectins are a widely expressed protein family that have been demonstrated to modulate both antiviral immunity and regulate direct host-virus interactions. The potential for galectins to directly modulate HCMV infection has not previously been studied, and our results reveal that galectin-9 (Gal-9) can potently inhibit HCMV infection. Gal-9-mediated inhibition of HCMV was dependent upon its carbohydrate recognition domains and thus dependent on glycan interactions. Temperature shift studies revealed that Gal-9 specific inhibition was mediated primarily at the level of virus-cell fusion and not binding. Additionally, we found that during reactivation of HCMV in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients soluble Gal-9 is upregulated. This study provides the first evidence for Gal-9 functioning as a potent antiviral defense effector molecule against HCMV infection and identifies it as a potential clinical candidate to restrict HCMV infections.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) continues to cause serious and often life-threatening disease in those with impaired or underdeveloped immune systems. This virus is able to infect and replicate in a wide range of human cell types, which enables the virus to spread to other individuals in a number of settings. Current antiviral drugs are associated with a significant toxicity profile, and there is no vaccine; these factors highlight a need to identify additional targets for the development of anti-HCMV therapies. We demonstrate for the first time that secretion of a member of the galectin family of proteins, galectin-9 (Gal-9), is upregulated during natural HCMV-reactivated infection and that this soluble cellular protein possesses a potent capacity to block HCMV infection by inhibiting virus entry into the host cell. Our findings support the possibility of harnessing the antiviral properties of Gal-9 to prevent HCMV infection and disease.
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28
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Machala EA, McSharry BP, Rouse BT, Abendroth A, Slobedman B. Gal power: the diverse roles of galectins in regulating viral infections. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:333-349. [PMID: 30648945 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses, as a class of pathogenic microbe, remain a significant health burden globally. Viral infections result in significant morbidity and mortality annually and many remain in need of novel vaccine and anti-viral strategies. The development of effective novel anti-viral therapeutics, in particular, requires detailed understanding of the mechanism of viral infection, and the host response, including the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. In recent years, the role of glycans and lectins in pathogen-host interactions has become an increasingly relevant issue. This review focuses on the interactions between a specific lectin family, galectins, and the broad range of viral infections in which they play a role. Discussed are the diverse activities that galectins play in interacting directly with virions or the cells they infect, to promote or inhibit viral infection. In addition we describe how galectin expression is regulated both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by viral infections. We also compare the contribution of known galectin-mediated immune modulation, across a range of innate and adaptive immune anti-viral responses, to the outcome of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Machala
- 1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian P McSharry
- 1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barry T Rouse
- 2Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison Abendroth
- 1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- 1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Martinez-Bosch N, Barranco LE, Orozco CA, Moreno M, Visa L, Iglesias M, Oldfield L, Neoptolemos JP, Greenhalf W, Earl J, Carrato A, Costello E, Navarro P. Increased plasma levels of galectin-1 in pancreatic cancer: potential use as biomarker. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32984-32996. [PMID: 30250644 PMCID: PMC6152472 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most frequent type of pancreatic cancer and one of the deadliest diseases overall. New biomarkers are urgently needed to allow early diagnosis, one of the only factors that currently improves prognosis. Here we analyzed whether the detection of circulating galectin-1 (Gal-1), a soluble carbohydrate-binding protein overexpressed in PDA tissue samples, can be used as a biomarker for PDA. Gal-1 levels were determined by ELISA in plasma from healthy controls and patients diagnosed with PDA, using three independent cohorts. Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) were also included in the study to analyze the potential of Gal-1 to discriminate between cancer and inflammatory process. Plasma Gal-1 levels were significantly increased in patients with PDA as compared to controls in all three cohorts. Gal-1 sensitivity and specificity values were similar to that of the CA19-9 biomarker (the only FDA-approved blood test biomarker for PDA), and the combination of Gal-1 and CA19-9 significantly improved their individual discriminatory powers. Moreover, high levels of Gal-1 were associated with lower survival in patients with non-resected tumors. Collectively, our data indicate a strong potential of using circulating Gal-1 levels as a biomarker for detection and prognostics of patients with PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martinez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis E Barranco
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Orozco
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Moreno
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Visa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucy Oldfield
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julie Earl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, CIBERONC, IRYCIS, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, CIBERONC, IRYCIS, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Glycosylation-dependent galectin-receptor interactions promote Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6000-E6009. [PMID: 29891717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802188115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) constitutes the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterium worldwide. Chlamydial infections can lead to severe clinical sequelae including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal infertility. As an obligate intracellular pathogen, Ct has evolved multiple strategies to promote adhesion and invasion of host cells, including those involving both bacterial and host glycans. Here, we show that galectin-1 (Gal1), an endogenous lectin widely expressed in female and male genital tracts, promotes Ct infection. Through glycosylation-dependent mechanisms involving recognition of bacterial glycoproteins and N-glycosylated host cell receptors, Gal1 enhanced Ct attachment to cervical epithelial cells. Exposure to Gal1, mainly in its dimeric form, facilitated bacterial entry and increased the number of infected cells by favoring Ct-Ct and Ct-host cell interactions. These effects were substantiated in vivo in mice lacking Gal1 or complex β1-6-branched N-glycans. Thus, disrupting Gal1-N-glycan interactions may limit the severity of chlamydial infection by inhibiting bacterial invasion of host cells.
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31
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Elola MT, Ferragut F, Méndez-Huergo SP, Croci DO, Bracalente C, Rabinovich GA. Galectins: Multitask signaling molecules linking fibroblast, endothelial and immune cell programs in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:34-45. [PMID: 29602445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells corrupt surrounding normal cells instructing them to support proliferative, pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive networks that favor tumorigenesis and metastasis. This dynamic cross-talk is sustained by a range of intracellular signals and extracellular mediators produced by both tumoral and non-tumoral cells. Galectins -whether secreted or intracellularly expressed- play central roles in the tumorigenic process by delivering regulatory signals that contribute to reprogram fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cell programs. Through glycosylation-dependent or independent mechanisms, these endogenous lectins control a variety of cellular events leading to tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis and immune escape. Here we discuss the role of galectin-driven pathways, particularly those activated in non-tumoral stromal cells, in modulating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Elola
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fátima Ferragut
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago P Méndez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunopatología. Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Marío H. Burgos" (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Exactas y Naturales, C5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Candelaria Bracalente
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sundblad V, Morosi LG, Geffner JR, Rabinovich GA. Galectin-1: A Jack-of-All-Trades in the Resolution of Acute and Chronic Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3721-3730. [PMID: 29158348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory signals provide negative input to immunological networks promoting resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, displays broad anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities by targeting multiple immune cell types. Within the innate immune compartment, Gal-1 acts as a resolution-associated molecular pattern by counteracting the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting neutrophil trafficking, targeting eosinophil migration and survival, and suppressing mast cell degranulation. Likewise, this lectin controls T cell and B cell compartments by modulating receptor clustering and signaling, thus serving as a negative-regulatory checkpoint that reprograms cellular activation, differentiation, and survival. In this review, we discuss the central role of Gal-1 in regulatory programs operating during acute inflammation, autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation, pregnancy, cancer, and infection. Therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting Gal-1-glycan interactions will contribute to overcome cancer immunosuppression and reinforce antimicrobial immunity, whereas stimulation of Gal-1-driven immunoregulatory circuits will help to mitigate exuberant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sundblad
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano G Morosi
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R Geffner
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina; and.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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33
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Predictive value of galectin-1 in the development and progression of HIV-associated lymphoma. AIDS 2017; 31:2311-2313. [PMID: 28991028 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Bunn PT, Montes de Oca M, Rivera FDL, Kumar R, Edwards CL, Faleiro RJ, Ng SS, Sheel M, Wang Y, Amante FH, Haque A, Engwerda CR. Galectin-1 Impairs the Generation of Anti-Parasitic Th1 Cell Responses in the Liver during Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1307. [PMID: 29075269 PMCID: PMC5643427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many infectious diseases are characterized by the development of immunoregulatory pathways that contribute to pathogen persistence and associated disease symptoms. In diseases caused by intracellular parasites, such as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), various immune modulators have the capacity to negatively impact protective CD4+ T cell functions. Galectin-1 is widely expressed on immune cells and has previously been shown to suppress inflammatory responses and promote the development of CD4+ T cells with immunoregulatory characteristics. Here, we investigated the role of galectin-1 in experimental VL caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with Leishmania donovani. Mice lacking galectin-1 expression exhibited enhanced tissue-specific control of parasite growth in the liver, associated with an augmented Th1 cell response. However, unlike reports in other experimental models, we found little role for galectin-1 in the generation of IL-10-producing Th1 (Tr1) cells, and instead report that galectin-1 suppressed hepatic Th1 cell development. Furthermore, we found relatively early effects of galectin-1 deficiency on parasite growth, suggesting involvement of innate immune cells. However, experiments investigating the impact of galectin-1 deficiency on dendritic cells indicated that they were not responsible for the phenotypes observed in galectin-1-deficient mice. Instead, studies examining galectin-1 expression by CD4+ T cells supported a T cell intrinsic role for galectin-1 in the suppression of hepatic Th1 cell development during experimental VL. Together, our findings provide new information on the roles of galectin-1 during parasitic infection and indicate an important role for this molecule in tissue-specific Th1 cell development, but not CD4+ T cell IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Bunn
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Chelsea L Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Susanna S Ng
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Meru Sheel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fiona H Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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The Immune Response to Epstein Barr Virus and Implications for Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Transplantation 2017; 101:2009-2016. [PMID: 28376031 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication in organ transplant recipients and is most often associated with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a common gammaherpes virus with tropism for B lymphocytes and infection in immunocompetent individuals is typically asymptomatic and benign. However, infection in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals can result in malignant B cell lymphoproliferations, such as PTLD. EBV+ PTLD can arise after primary EBV infection, or because of reactivation of a prior infection, and represents a leading malignancy in the transplant population. The incidence of EBV+ PTLD is variable depending on the organ transplanted and whether the recipient has preexisting immunity to EBV but can be as high as 20%. It is generally accepted that impaired immune function due to immunosuppression is a primary cause of EBV+ PTLD. In this overview, we review the EBV life cycle and discuss our current understanding of the immune response to EBV in healthy, immunocompetent individuals, in transplant recipients, and in PTLD patients. We review the strategies that EBV uses to subvert and evade host immunity and discuss the implications for the development of EBV+ PTLD.
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36
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Davicino RC, Méndez-Huergo SP, Eliçabe RJ, Stupirski JC, Autenrieth I, Di Genaro MS, Rabinovich GA. Galectin-1–Driven Tolerogenic Programs AggravateYersinia enterocoliticaInfection by Repressing Antibacterial Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1382-1392. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Expression of PIM kinases in Reed-Sternberg cells fosters immune privilege and tumor cell survival in Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2017; 130:1418-1429. [PMID: 28698206 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-760702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) express multiple immunoregulatory proteins that shape the cHL microenvironment and allow tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. Expression of certain immunoregulatory proteins is modulated by prosurvival transcription factors, such as NFκB and STATs. Because these factors also induce expression of the oncogenic PIM1/2/3 serine/threonine kinases, and as PIMs modulate transcriptional activity of NFκB and STATs, we hypothesized that these kinases support RS cell survival and foster their immune privilege. Here, we investigated PIM1/2/3 expression in cHL and assessed their role in developing RS cell immune privilege and survival. PIM1/2/3 were ubiquitously expressed in primary and cultured RS cells, and their expression was driven by JAK-STAT and NFκB activity. Genetic or chemical PIM inhibition with a newly developed pan-PIM inhibitor, SEL24-B489, induced RS cell apoptosis. PIM inhibition decreased cap-dependent protein translation, blocked JAK-STAT signaling, and markedly attenuated NFκB-dependent gene expression. In a cHL xenograft model, SEL24-B489 delayed tumor growth by 95.8% (P = .0002). Furthermore, SEL24-B489 decreased the expression of multiple molecules engaged in developing the immunosuppressive microenvironment, including galectin-1 and PD-L1/2. In coculture experiments, T cells incubated with SEL24-B489-treated RS cells exhibited higher expression of activation markers than T cells coincubated with control RS cells. Taken together, our data indicate that PIM kinases in cHL exhibit pleiotropic effects, orchestrating tumor immune escape and supporting RS cell survival. Inhibition of PIM kinases decreases RS cell viability and disrupts signaling circuits that link these cells with their niches. Thus, PIM kinases are promising therapeutic targets in cHL.
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38
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Wu X, Li J, Connolly EM, Liao X, Ouyang J, Giobbie-Hurder A, Lawrence D, McDermott D, Murphy G, Zhou J, Piesche M, Dranoff G, Rodig S, Shipp M, Hodi FS. Combined Anti-VEGF and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy Elicits Humoral Immunity to Galectin-1 Which Is Associated with Favorable Clinical Outcomes. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:446-454. [PMID: 28473314 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of anti-VEGF blockade (bevacizumab) with immune checkpoint anti-CTLA-4 blockade (ipilimumab) in a phase I study showed tumor endothelial activation and immune cell infiltration that were associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma. To identify potential immune targets responsible for these observations, posttreatment plasma from long-term responding patients were used to screen human protein arrays. We reported that ipilimumab plus bevacizumab therapy elicited humoral immune responses to galectin-1 (Gal-1), which exhibits protumor, proangiogenesis, and immunosuppressive activities in 37.2% of treated patients. Gal-1 antibodies purified from posttreatment plasma suppressed the binding of Gal-1 to CD45, a T-cell surface receptor that transduces apoptotic signals upon binding to extracellular Gal-1. Antibody responses to Gal-1 were found more frequently in the group of patients with therapeutic responses and correlated with improved overall survival. In contrast, another subgroup of treated patients had increased circulating Gal-1 protein instead, and they had reduced overall survival. Our findings suggest that humoral immunity to Gal-1 may contribute to the efficacy of anti-VEGF and anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy. Gal-1 may offer an additional therapeutic target linking anti-angiogenesis and immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(6); 446-54. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin M Connolly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - George Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Piesche
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Rodig
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret Shipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mouse model of Epstein-Barr virus LMP1- and LMP2A-driven germinal center B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4751-4756. [PMID: 28351978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701836114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a major cause of immunosuppression-related B-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). In these malignancies, EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A provide infected B cells with surrogate CD40 and B-cell receptor growth and survival signals. To gain insights into their synergistic in vivo roles in germinal center (GC) B cells, from which most EBV-driven lymphomas arise, we generated a mouse model with conditional GC B-cell LMP1 and LMP2A coexpression. LMP1 and LMP2A had limited effects in immunocompetent mice. However, upon T- and NK-cell depletion, LMP1/2A caused massive plasmablast outgrowth, organ damage, and death. RNA-sequencing analyses identified EBV oncoprotein effects on GC B-cell target genes, including up-regulation of multiple proinflammatory chemokines and master regulators of plasma cell differentiation. LMP1/2A coexpression also up-regulated key HL markers, including CD30 and mixed hematopoietic lineage markers. Collectively, our results highlight synergistic EBV membrane oncoprotein effects on GC B cells and provide a model for studies of their roles in immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative diseases.
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40
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Carbone A, Gloghini A, Caruso A, De Paoli P, Dolcetti R. The impact of EBV and HIV infection on the microenvironmental niche underlying Hodgkin lymphoma pathogenesis. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:1233-1245. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Carbone
- Department of Pathology; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS, National Cancer Institute; Aviano PN Italy
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine; University of Brescia Medical School; Brescia Italy
| | - Paolo De Paoli
- Molecular Virology Unit and Scientific Directorate; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS, National Cancer Institute; Aviano PN Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS; National Cancer Institute; Aviano PN Italy
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
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41
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Morscio J, Tousseyn T. Recent insights in the pathogenesis of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. World J Transplant 2016; 6:505-516. [PMID: 27683629 PMCID: PMC5036120 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an aggressive complication of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that arises in up to 20% of transplant recipients. Infection or reactivation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, in combination with chronic immunosuppression are considered as the main predisposing factors, however insight in PTLD biology is fragmentary. The study of PTLD is complicated by its morphological heterogeneity and the lack of prospective trials, which also impede treatment optimization. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of underlying disorders and the graft type represent important confounding factors. PTLD encompasses different malignant subtypes that resemble histologically similar lymphomas in the general population. Post-transplant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PT-DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (PT-BL) and plasmablastic lymphoma (PT-PBL) occur most frequently. However, in many studies various EBV+ and EBV- PTLD subtypes are pooled, complicating the interpretation of the results. In this review, studies of the gene expression pattern, the microenvironment and the genetic profile of PT-DLBCL, PT-BL and PT-PBL are summarized to better understand the mechanisms underlying post-transplantation lymphomagenesis. Based on the available findings we propose stratification of PTLD according to the histological subtype and the EBV status to facilitate the interpretation of future studies and the establishment of clinical trials.
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Rabinovich GA, Conejo-García JR. Shaping the Immune Landscape in Cancer by Galectin-Driven Regulatory Pathways. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3266-3281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cagnoni AJ, Pérez Sáez JM, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Turning-Off Signaling by Siglecs, Selectins, and Galectins: Chemical Inhibition of Glycan-Dependent Interactions in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:109. [PMID: 27242953 PMCID: PMC4865499 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation, a common feature associated with malignancy, has been implicated in important events during cancer progression. Our understanding of the role of glycans in cancer has grown exponentially in the last few years, concurrent with important advances in glycomics and glycoproteomic technologies, paving the way for the validation of a number of glycan structures as potential glycobiomarkers. However, the molecular bases underlying cancer-associated glycan modifications are still far from understood. Glycans exhibit a natural heterogeneity, crucial for their diverse functional roles as specific carriers of biologically relevant information. This information is decoded by families of proteins named lectins, including sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and galectins. Siglecs are primarily expressed on the surface of immune cells and differentially control innate and adaptive immune responses. Among CLRs, selectins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate interactions between cancer cells and platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, thus facilitating tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Galectins, a family of soluble proteins that bind β-galactoside-containing glycans, have been implicated in diverse events associated with cancer biology such as apoptosis, homotypic cell aggregation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and tumor-immune escape. Consequently, individual members of these lectin families have become promising targets for the design of novel anticancer therapies. During the past decade, a number of inhibitors of lectin–glycan interactions have been developed including small-molecule inhibitors, multivalent saccharide ligands, and more recently peptides and peptidomimetics have offered alternatives for tackling tumor progression. In this article, we review the current status of the discovery and development of chemical lectin inhibitors and discuss novel strategies to limit cancer progression by targeting lectin–glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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44
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Wu R, Nijland M, Rutgers B, Veenstra R, Langendonk M, van der Meeren LE, Kluin PM, Li G, Diepstra A, Chiu JF, van den Berg A, Visser L. Proteomics Based Identification of Proteins with Deregulated Expression in B Cell Lymphomas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146624. [PMID: 26752561 PMCID: PMC4708982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphomas comprise the main entities of adult B cell malignancies. Although multiple disease driving gene aberrations have been identified by gene expression and genomic studies, only a few studies focused at the protein level. We applied 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis to compare seven GC B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines with a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). An average of 130 spots were at least two folds different in intensity between NHL cell lines and the LCL. We selected approximately 38 protein spots per NHL cell line and linked them to 145 unique spots based on the location in the gel. 34 spots that were found altered in at least three NHL cell lines when compared to LCL, were submitted for LC-MS/MS. This resulted in 28 unique proteins, a substantial proportion of these proteins were involved in cell motility and cell metabolism. Loss of expression of B2M, and gain of expression of PRDX1 and PPIA was confirmed in the cell lines and primary lymphoma tissue. Moreover, inhibition of PPIA with cyclosporine A blocked cell growth of the cell lines, the effect size was associated with the PPIA expression levels. In conclusion, we identified multiple differentially expressed proteins by 2-D proteomics, and showed that some of these proteins might play a role in the pathogenesis of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Open laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Marcel Nijland
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bea Rutgers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Veenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Myra Langendonk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte E. van der Meeren
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M. Kluin
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guanwu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Open laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jen-Fu Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Open laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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45
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Spallanzani RG, Torres NI, Avila DE, Ziblat A, Iraolagoitia XLR, Rossi LE, Domaica CI, Fuertes MB, Rabinovich GA, Zwirner NW. Regulatory Dendritic Cells Restrain NK Cell IFN-γ Production through Mechanisms Involving NKp46, IL-10, and MHC Class I–Specific Inhibitory Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2141-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Yazawa EM, Geddes-Sweeney JE, Cedeno-Laurent F, Walley KC, Barthel SR, Opperman MJ, Liang J, Lin JY, Schatton T, Laga AC, Mihm MC, Qureshi AA, Widlund HR, Murphy GF, Dimitroff CJ. Melanoma Cell Galectin-1 Ligands Functionally Correlate with Malignant Potential. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1849-1862. [PMID: 25756799 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1)-binding to Gal-1 ligands on immune and endothelial cells can influence melanoma development through dampening antitumor immune responses and promoting angiogenesis. However, whether Gal-1 ligands are functionally expressed on melanoma cells to help control intrinsic malignant features remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed expression, identity, and function of Gal-1 ligands in melanoma progression. Immunofluorescent analysis of benign and malignant human melanocytic neoplasms revealed that Gal-1 ligands were abundant in severely dysplastic nevi, as well as in primary and metastatic melanomas. Biochemical assessments indicated that melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) was a major Gal-1 ligand on melanoma cells that was largely dependent on its N-glycans. Other melanoma cell Gal-1 ligand activity conferred by O-glycans was negatively regulated by α2,6 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2. In Gal-1-deficient mice, MCAM-silenced (MCAM(KD)) or ST6GalNAc2-overexpressing (ST6(O/E)) melanoma cells exhibited slower growth rates, underscoring a key role for melanoma cell Gal-1 ligands and host Gal-1 in melanoma growth. Further analysis of MCAM(KD) or ST6(O/E) melanoma cells in cell migration assays indicated that Gal-1 ligand-dependent melanoma cell migration was severely inhibited. These findings provide a refined perspective on Gal-1/melanoma cell Gal-1 ligand interactions as contributors to melanoma malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Yazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Kempland C Walley
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven R Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Opperman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alvaro C Laga
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin C Mihm
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Albert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hans R Widlund
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles J Dimitroff
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is usually acquired silently early in life and carried thereafter as an asymptomatic infection of the B lymphoid system. However, many circumstances disturb the delicate EBV-host balance and cause the virus to display its pathogenic potential. Thus, primary infection in adolescence can manifest as infectious mononucleosis (IM), as a fatal illness that magnifies the immunopathology of IM in boys with the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease trait, and as a chronic active disease leading to life-threatening hemophagocytosis in rare cases of T or natural killer (NK) cell infection. Patients with primary immunodeficiencies affecting the NK and/or T cell systems, as well as immunosuppressed transplant recipients, handle EBV infections poorly, and many are at increased risk of virus-driven B-lymphoproliferative disease. By contrast, a range of other EBV-positive malignancies of lymphoid or epithelial origin arise in individuals with seemingly intact immune systems through mechanisms that remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S Taylor
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; , , , ,
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48
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Keenan BP, Jaffee EM, Armstrong TD. Tumor immunology: multidisciplinary science driving basic and clinical advances. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 1:16-23. [PMID: 24409447 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The fourth AACR Special Conference "Tumor Immunology: Basic and Clinical Advances" was held in Miami, FL in December 2012. The overall objective of this meeting was to discuss emerging concepts in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. The key findings that emerged from this meeting included: (i) multiple immune checkpoints should be inhibited to increase effective T-cell therapy, (ii) successful adoptive T-cell therapy will rely on obtaining the proper T-cell phenotype, (iii) chimeric antigen receptors have shown promise in treating some B-cell malignancies, and (iv) multiple pathways of inflammation within the tumor microenvironment are immunotherapy targets.
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49
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Bastón JI, Barañao RI, Ricci AG, Bilotas MA, Olivares CN, Singla JJ, Gonzalez AM, Stupirski JC, Croci DO, Rabinovich GA, Meresman GF. Targeting galectin-1-induced angiogenesis mitigates the severity of endometriosis. J Pathol 2014; 234:329-37. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Bastón
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Endometrial; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
| | - Rosa I Barañao
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
| | - Analía G Ricci
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
| | - Mariela A Bilotas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
| | - Carla N Olivares
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Endometrial; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
| | - José J Singla
- Hospital de Clínicas ‘José de San Martín’; Av. Córdoba 2351 Buenos Aires (C1120AAR) Argentina
| | - Alejandro M Gonzalez
- Hospital Naval de Buenos Aires ‘Cirujano Mayor Dr. Pedro Mallo’; Patricias Argentinas 351 Buenos Aires (C1405BWD) Argentina
| | - Juan C Stupirski
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
| | - Gabriela F Meresman
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Endometrial; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET); Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (C1428ADN) Argentina
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50
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Croci DO, Cerliani JP, Dalotto-Moreno T, Méndez-Huergo SP, Mascanfroni ID, Dergan-Dylon S, Toscano MA, Caramelo JJ, García-Vallejo JJ, Ouyang J, Mesri EA, Junttila MR, Bais C, Shipp MA, Salatino M, Rabinovich GA. Glycosylation-dependent lectin-receptor interactions preserve angiogenesis in anti-VEGF refractory tumors. Cell 2014; 156:744-58. [PMID: 24529377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical benefit conferred by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-targeted therapies is variable, and tumors from treated patients eventually reinitiate growth. Here, we identify a glycosylation-dependent pathway that compensates for the absence of cognate ligand and preserves angiogenesis in response to VEGF blockade. Remodeling of the endothelial cell (EC) surface glycome selectively regulated binding of galectin-1 (Gal1), which upon recognition of complex N-glycans on VEGFR2, activated VEGF-like signaling. Vessels within anti-VEGF-sensitive tumors exhibited high levels of α2-6-linked sialic acid, which prevented Gal1 binding. In contrast, anti-VEGF refractory tumors secreted increased Gal1 and their associated vasculature displayed glycosylation patterns that facilitated Gal1-EC interactions. Interruption of β1-6GlcNAc branching in ECs or silencing of tumor-derived Gal1 converted refractory into anti-VEGF-sensitive tumors, whereas elimination of α2-6-linked sialic acid conferred resistance to anti-VEGF. Disruption of the Gal1-N-glycan axis promoted vascular remodeling, immune cell influx and tumor growth inhibition. Thus, targeting glycosylation-dependent lectin-receptor interactions may increase the efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Cerliani
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomas Dalotto-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago P Méndez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivan D Mascanfroni
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Dergan-Dylon
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta A Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio J Caramelo
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Enrique A Mesri
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Carlos Bais
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Margaret A Shipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mariana Salatino
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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