1
|
Shelke GV, Williamson CD, Jarnik M, Bonifacino JS. Inhibition of endolysosome fusion increases exosome secretion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209084. [PMID: 37213076 PMCID: PMC10202829 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted from cells to dispose of undegraded materials and mediate intercellular communication. A major source of exosomes is intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes that undergo exocytic fusion with the plasma membrane. An alternative fate of multivesicular endosomes is fusion with lysosomes, resulting in degradation of the intraluminal vesicles. The factors that determine whether multivesicular endosomes fuse with the plasma membrane or with lysosomes are unknown. In this study, we show that impairment of endolysosomal fusion by disruption of a pathway involving the BLOC-one-related complex (BORC), the small GTPase ARL8, and the tethering factor HOPS increases exosome secretion by preventing the delivery of intraluminal vesicles to lysosomes. These findings demonstrate that endolysosomal fusion is a critical determinant of the amount of exosome secretion and suggest that suppression of the BORC-ARL8-HOPS pathway could be used to boost exosome yields in biotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jambari NN, Liddell S, Martinez-Pomares L, Alcocer MJC. Effect of O-linked glycosylation on the antigenicity, cellular uptake and trafficking in dendritic cells of recombinant Ber e 1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249876. [PMID: 33914740 PMCID: PMC8084162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ber e 1, a major Brazil nut allergen, has been successfully produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris expression system as homogenous recombinant Ber e 1 (rBer e 1) with similar physicochemical properties and identical immunoreactivity to its native counterpart, nBer e 1. However, O-linked glycans was detected on the P.pastoris-derived rBer e 1, which is not naturally present in nBer e 1, and may contribute to the allergic sensitisation. In this study, we addressed the glycosylation differences between P. pastoris-derived recombinant Ber e 1 and its native counterparts. We also determined whether this fungal glycosylation could affect the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the rBer e 1 by using dendritic cells (DC) as an immune cell model due to their role in modulating the immune response. We identified that the glycosylation occurs at Ser96, Ser101 and Ser110 on the large chain and Ser19 on the small polypeptide chain of rBer e 1 only. The glycosylation on rBer e 1 was shown to elicit varying degree of antigenicity by binding to different combination of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) at different frequencies compared to nBer e 1 when tested using human DC-T cell assay. However, both forms of Ber e 1 are weak immunogens based from their low response indexes (RI). Glycans present on rBer e 1 were shown to increase the efficiency of the protein recognition and internalization by murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmDC) via C-type lectin receptors, particularly the mannose receptor (MR), compared to the non-glycosylated nBer e 1 and SFA8, a weak allergenic 2S albumin protein from sunflower seed. Binding of glycosylated rBer e 1 to MR alone was found to not induce the production of IL-10 that modulates bmDC to polarise Th2 cell response by suppressing IL-12 production and DC maturation. Our findings suggest that the O-linked glycosylation by P. pastoris has a small but measurable effect on the in vitro antigenicity of the rBer e 1 compared to its non-glycosylated counterpart, nBer e 1, and thus may influence its applications in diagnostics and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuzul N. Jambari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Susan Liddell
- Division of Animal Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Martinez-Pomares
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos J. C. Alcocer
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng F, Chen Z, Chen R, Shufesky WJ, Bandyopadhyay M, Camirand G, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Sullivan MLG, Baty CJ, Yang MQ, Calderon M, Stolz DB, Erdos G, Pelanda R, Brennan TV, Catz SD, Watkins SC, Larregina AT, Morelli AE. Graft-derived extracellular vesicles transported across subcapsular sinus macrophages elicit B cell alloimmunity after transplantation. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabb0122. [PMID: 33731430 PMCID: PMC8939235 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the role of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in recognizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and mediating transplant rejection, how and where recipient B cells in lymphoid tissues encounter donor MHC antigens remains unclear. Contrary to the dogma, we demonstrated here that migration of donor leukocytes out of skin or heart allografts is not necessary for B or T cell allosensitization in mice. We found that mouse skin and cardiac allografts and human skin grafts release cell-free donor MHC antigens via extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are captured by subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages in lymph nodes or analog macrophages in the spleen. Donor EVs were transported across the SCS macrophages, and donor MHC molecules on the EVs were recognized by alloreactive B cells. This triggered B cell activation and DSA production, which were both prevented by SCS macrophage depletion. These results reveal an unexpected role for graft-derived EVs and open venues to interfere with EV biogenesis, trafficking, or function to restrain priming or reactivation of alloreactive B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zeng
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Rao Chen
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - William J Shufesky
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mohna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Geoffrey Camirand
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mara L G Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Catherine J Baty
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mu-Qing Yang
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michel Calderon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Todd V Brennan
- Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Adrian E Morelli
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Barbry H, Capitao M, Barrin S, Amziani S, Pierre Paul P, Borreill S, Guilbert T, Donnadieu E, Niedergang F, Ouaaz F. Extracellular Release of Antigen by Dendritic Cell Regurgitation Promotes B Cell Activation through NF-κB/cRel. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:608-618. [PMID: 32580933 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs, which sample Ags in the periphery and migrate to the lymph node where they activate T cells. DCs can also present native Ag to B cells through interactions observed both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms of Ag transfer and B cell activation by DCs remain incompletely understood. In this study, we report that murine DCs are an important cell transporter of Ag from the periphery to the lymph node B cell zone and also potent inducers of B cell activation both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, we highlight a novel extracellular mechanism of B cell activation by DCs. In this study, we demonstrate that Ag released upon DC regurgitation is sufficient to efficiently induce early B cell activation, which is BCR driven and mechanistically dependent on the nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor NF-κB/cRel. Thus, our study provides new mechanistic insights into Ag delivery and B cell activation modalities by DCs and a promising approach for targeting NF-κB/cRel pathway to modulate the DC-elicited B cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssam El-Barbry
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marisa Capitao
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Barrin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Samir Amziani
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Pierre Paul
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Susanna Borreill
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Florence Niedergang
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Fatah Ouaaz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
In macropinocytosis, cells take up micrometre-sized droplets of medium into internal vesicles. These vesicles are acidified and fused to lysosomes, their contents digested and useful compounds extracted. Indigestible contents can be exocytosed. Macropinocytosis has been known for approaching 100 years and is described in both metazoa and amoebae, but not in plants or fungi. Its evolutionary origin goes back to at least the common ancestor of the amoebozoa and opisthokonts, with apparent secondary loss from fungi. The primary function of macropinocytosis in amoebae and some cancer cells is feeding, but the conserved processing pathway for macropinosomes, which involves shrinkage and the retrieval of membrane to the cell surface, has been adapted in immune cells for antigen presentation. Macropinocytic cups are large actin-driven processes, closely related to phagocytic cups and pseudopods and appear to be organized around a conserved signalling patch of PIP3, active Ras and active Rac that directs actin polymerization to its periphery. Patches can form spontaneously and must be sustained by excitable kinetics with strong cooperation from the actin cytoskeleton. Growth-factor signalling shares core components with macropinocytosis, based around phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), and we suggest that it evolved to take control of ancient feeding structures through a coupled growth factor receptor. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert R. Kay
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berkeley RA, Steele LP, Mulder AA, van den Wollenberg DJM, Kottke TJ, Thompson J, Coffey M, Hoeben RC, Vile RG, Melcher A, Ilett EJ. Antibody-Neutralized Reovirus Is Effective in Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1161-1173. [PMID: 30209061 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is showing promise for otherwise incurable cancers. Oncolytic viruses (OVs), developed as direct cytotoxic agents, mediate their antitumor effects via activation of the immune system. However, OVs also stimulate antiviral immune responses, including the induction of OV-neutralizing antibodies. Current dogma suggests that the presence of preexisting antiviral neutralizing antibodies in patients, or their development during viral therapy, is a barrier to systemic OV delivery, rendering repeat systemic treatments ineffective. However, we have found that human monocytes loaded with preformed reovirus-antibody complexes, in which the reovirus is fully neutralized, deliver functional replicative reovirus to tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell infection and lysis. This delivery mechanism is mediated, at least in part, by antibody receptors (in particular FcγRIII) that mediate uptake and internalization of the reovirus/antibody complexes by the monocytes. This finding has implications for oncolytic virotherapy and for the design of clinical OV treatment strategies. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1161-73. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Berkeley
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lynette P Steele
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alan Melcher
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vétillard M, Schlecht-Louf G. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: Fine-Tuning of Dendritic Cells Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1232. [PMID: 29915587 PMCID: PMC5994841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that control the induction of both tolerance and immunity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating DCs commitment toward a regulatory- or effector-inducing profile is critical for better designing prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Initially identified in dexamethasone-treated thymocytes, the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein has emerged as a critical factor mediating most, but not all, glucocorticoids effects in both non-immune and immune cells. This intracellular protein exerts pleiotropic effects through interactions with transcription factors and signaling proteins, thus modulating signal transduction and gene expression. GILZ has been reported to control the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of lymphocytes, while its expression confers anti-inflammatory phenotype to monocytes and macrophages. In the past twelve years, a growing set of data has also established that GILZ expression in DCs is a molecular switch controlling their T-cell-priming capacity. Here, after a brief presentation of GILZ isoforms and functions, we summarize current knowledge regarding GILZ expression and regulation in DCs, in both health and disease. We further present the functional consequences of GILZ expression on DCs capacity to prime effector or regulatory T-cell responses and highlight recent findings pointing to a broader role of GILZ in the fine tuning of antigen capture, processing, and presentation by DCs. Finally, we discuss future prospects regarding the possible roles for GILZ in the control of DCs function in the steady state and in the context of infections and chronic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vétillard
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Faculté de médecine, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Faculté de médecine, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Watkins RA, Andrews A, Wynn C, Barisch C, King JS, Johnston SA. Cryptococcus neoformans Escape From Dictyostelium Amoeba by Both WASH-Mediated Constitutive Exocytosis and Vomocytosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:108. [PMID: 29686972 PMCID: PMC5900056 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental yeast that can cause opportunistic infections in humans. As infecting animals does not form part of its normal life-cycle, it has been proposed that the virulence traits that allow cryptococci to resist immune cells were selected through interactions with environmental phagocytes such as amoebae. Here, we investigate the interactions between C. neoformans and the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We show that like macrophages, D. discoideum is unable to kill C. neoformans upon phagocytosis. Despite this, we find that the yeast pass through the amoebae with an apparently normal phagocytic transit and are released alive by constitutive exocytosis after ~80 min. This is the canonical pathway in amoebae, used to dispose of indigestible material after nutrient extraction. Surprisingly however, we show that upon either genetic or pharmacological blockage of constitutive exocytosis, C. neoformans still escape from D. discoideum by a secondary mechanism. We demonstrate that constitutive exocytosis-independent egress is stochastic and actin-independent. This strongly resembles the non-lytic release of cryptococci by vomocytosis from macrophages, which do not perform constitutive exocytosis and normally retain phagocytosed material. Our data indicate that vomocytosis is functionally redundant for escape from amoebae, which thus may not be the primary driver for its evolutionary selection. Nonetheless, we show that vomocytosis of C. neoformans is mechanistically conserved in hosts ranging from amoebae to man, providing new avenues to understand this poorly-understood but important virulence mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys A. Watkins
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Andrews
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Wynn
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Barisch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jason S. King
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Johnston
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lê-Bury G, Niedergang F. Defective Phagocytic Properties of HIV-Infected Macrophages: How Might They Be Implicated in the Development of Invasive Salmonella Typhimurium? Front Immunol 2018; 9:531. [PMID: 29628924 PMCID: PMC5876300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects and kills T cells, profoundly damaging the host-specific immune response. The virus also integrates into memory T cells and long-lived macrophages, establishing chronic infections. HIV-1 infection impairs the functions of macrophages both in vivo and in vitro, which contributes to the development of opportunistic diseases. Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has been identified as the most common cause of bacterial bloodstream infections in HIV-infected adults. In this review, we report how the functions of macrophages are impaired post HIV infection; introduce what makes invasive Salmonella Typhimurium specific for its pathogenesis; and finally, we discuss why these bacteria may be particularly adapted to the HIV-infected host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Lê-Bury
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florence Niedergang
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edlich A, Volz P, Brodwolf R, Unbehauen M, Mundhenk L, Gruber AD, Hedtrich S, Haag R, Alexiev U, Kleuser B. Crosstalk between core-multishell nanocarriers for cutaneous drug delivery and antigen-presenting cells of the skin. Biomaterials 2018; 162:60-70. [PMID: 29438881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing their unique chemical and physical properties core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers are thought to underlie their exploitable biomedical use for a topical treatment of skin diseases. This highlights the need to consider not only the efficacy of CMS nanocarriers but also the potentially unpredictable and adverse consequences of their exposure thereto. As CMS nanocarriers are able to penetrate into viable layers of normal and stripped human skin ex vivo as well as in in vitro skin disease models the understanding of nanoparticle crosstalk with components of the immune system requires thorough investigation. Our studies highlight the biocompatible properties of CMS nanocarriers on Langerhans cells of the skin as they did neither induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity nor cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) or an immunological response. Nevertheless, CMS nanocarriers were efficiently taken up by Langerhans cells via divergent endocytic pathways. Bioimaging of CMS nanocarriers by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and flow cytometry indicated not only a localization within the lysosomes but also an energy-dependent exocytosis of unmodified CMS nanocarriers into the extracellular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Edlich
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dunn JD, Bosmani C, Barisch C, Raykov L, Lefrançois LH, Cardenal-Muñoz E, López-Jiménez AT, Soldati T. Eat Prey, Live: Dictyostelium discoideum As a Model for Cell-Autonomous Defenses. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1906. [PMID: 29354124 PMCID: PMC5758549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil-dwelling social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum feeds on bacteria. Each meal is a potential infection because some bacteria have evolved mechanisms to resist predation. To survive such a hostile environment, D. discoideum has in turn evolved efficient antimicrobial responses that are intertwined with phagocytosis and autophagy, its nutrient acquisition pathways. The core machinery and antimicrobial functions of these pathways are conserved in the mononuclear phagocytes of mammals, which mediate the initial, innate-immune response to infection. In this review, we discuss the advantages and relevance of D. discoideum as a model phagocyte to study cell-autonomous defenses. We cover the antimicrobial functions of phagocytosis and autophagy and describe the processes that create a microbicidal phagosome: acidification and delivery of lytic enzymes, generation of reactive oxygen species, and the regulation of Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ availability. High concentrations of metals poison microbes while metal sequestration inhibits their metabolic activity. We also describe microbial interference with these defenses and highlight observations made first in D. discoideum. Finally, we discuss galectins, TNF receptor-associated factors, tripartite motif-containing proteins, and signal transducers and activators of transcription, microbial restriction factors initially characterized in mammalian phagocytes that have either homologs or functional analogs in D. discoideum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Dan Dunn
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Bosmani
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Barisch
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lyudmil Raykov
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Louise H Lefrançois
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elena Cardenal-Muñoz
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thierry Soldati
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Activated GL7 + B cells are maintained within the inflamed CNS in the absence of follicle formation during viral encephalomyelitis. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:71-83. [PMID: 27658544 PMCID: PMC5215090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation associated with viral infection and autoimmune disease results in the accumulation of B cells in various differentiation stages. However, the contribution between peripheral and CNS activation remains unclear. During gliatropic coronavirus induced encephalomyelitis, accumulation of protective antibody secreting cells is preceded by infiltration of B cells with a naïve and early differentiation phenotype (Phares et al., 2014). Investigation of the temporal dynamics of B cell activation in draining cervical lymph nodes (CLN) and the CNS revealed that peak CNS infiltration of early activated, unswitched IgD+ and IgM+ B cells coincided with polyclonal activation in CLN. By contrast, isotype-switched IgG+ B cells did not accumulate until peripheral germinal center formation. In the CNS, unswitched B cells were confined to the perivascular space and meninges, with only rare B cell clusters, while isotype-switched B cells localized to parenchymal areas. Although ectopic follicle formation was not observed, more differentiated B cell subsets within the CNS expressed the germinal center marker GL7, albeit at lower levels than CLN counterparts. During chronic infection, CNS IgDint and IgD- B cell subsets further displayed sustained markers of proliferation and CD4 T cell help, which were only transiently expressed in the CLN. A contribution of local CD4 T cell help to sustain B cell activation was supported by occasional B cells adjacent to T cells. The results suggest that accumulation of differentiated B cell subsets within the CNS is largely dictated by peripheral activation, but that local events contribute to their sustained activation independent of ectopic follicle formation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Heme Oxygenase-1-Expressing Dendritic Cells Promote Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Induce Less Severe Airway Inflammation in Murine Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168919. [PMID: 28033400 PMCID: PMC5199094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for instructing immune responses toward inflammatory or anti-inflammatory status. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known for its cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting its immune regulatory role in allergic lung inflammation. HO-1 has been implicated in affecting DC maturation; however, its role in DC-mediated T-cell differentiation is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that HO-1-expressing bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) displayed tolerogenic phenotypes, including their resistance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maturation, high level expression of IL-10, and low T-cell stimulatory activity. In addition, HO-1-expressing DCs were able to induce antigen-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Also, HO-1-expressing DCs modulated the severity of lung inflammatory responses in two murine models of airway inflammation. This study provided evidence supporting the role of HO-1-expressing DCs in tolerance induction and as a potential therapeutic target for allergic asthma as well as other inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Balboa L, Kviatcovsky D, Schierloh P, García M, de la Barrera S, Sasiain MDC. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells early exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis induce an enhanced T helper 17 response and transfer mycobacterial antigens. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:541-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Calmette J, Bertrand M, Vétillard M, Ellouze M, Flint S, Nicolas V, Biola-Vidamment A, Pallardy M, Morand E, Bachelerie F, Godot V, Schlecht-Louf G. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Protein Controls Macropinocytosis in Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4247-4256. [PMID: 27793999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ag sampling is a key process in dendritic cell (DC) biology. DCs use constitutive macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis to capture exogenous Ags for presentation to T cells. We investigated the mechanisms that regulate Ag uptake by DCs in the steady-state and after a short-term LPS exposure in vitro and in vivo. We show that the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ), already known to regulate effector versus regulatory T cell activation by DCs, selectively limits macropinocytosis, but not receptor-mediated phagocytosis, in immature and recently activated DCs. In vivo, the GILZ-mediated inhibition of Ag uptake is restricted to the CD8α+ DC subset, which expresses the highest GILZ level among splenic DC subsets. In recently activated DCs, we further establish that GILZ limits p38 MAPK phosphorylation, providing a possible mechanism for GILZ-mediated macropinocytosis control. Finally, our results demonstrate that the modulation of Ag uptake by GILZ does not result in altered Ag presentation to CD4 T cells but impacts the efficiency of cross-presentation to CD8 T cells. Altogether, our results identify GILZ as an endogenous inhibitor of macropinocytosis in DCs, the action of which contributes to the fine-tuning of Ag cross-presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Calmette
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Matthieu Bertrand
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Mathias Vétillard
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Mehdi Ellouze
- UMR955, Team 16, Institut de Recherche Vaccinal, INSERM, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Shaun Flint
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique, SFR-UMS, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France
| | - Armelle Biola-Vidamment
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France; and
| | - Marc Pallardy
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France; and
| | - Eric Morand
- Southern Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Véronique Godot
- UMR955, Team 16, Institut de Recherche Vaccinal, INSERM, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tonigold M, Mailänder V. Endocytosis and intracellular processing of nanoparticles in dendritic cells: routes to effective immunonanomedicines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2625-2630. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tonigold
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mazzolini J, Weber RJM, Chen HS, Khan A, Guggenheim E, Shaw RK, Chipman JK, Viant MR, Rappoport JZ. Protein Corona Modulates Uptake and Toxicity of Nanoceria via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2016; 231:40-60. [PMID: 27638694 DOI: 10.1086/689590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Particles present in diesel exhaust have been proposed as a significant contributor to the development of acute and chronic lung diseases, including respiratory infection and allergic asthma. Nanoceria (CeO2 nanoparticles) are used to increase fuel efficiency in internal combustion engines, are present in exhaust fumes, and could affect cells of the airway. Components from the environment such as biologically derived proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids can form a dynamic layer, commonly referred to as the "protein corona" which alters cellular nanoparticle interactions and internalization. Using confocal reflectance microscopy, we quantified nanoceria uptake by lung-derived cells in the presence and absence of a serum-derived protein corona. Employing mass spectrometry, we identified components of the protein corona, and demonstrated that the interaction between transferrin in the protein corona and the transferrin receptor is involved in mediating the cellular entry of nanoceria via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, under these conditions nanoceria does not affect cell growth, viability, or metabolism, even at high concentration. Alternatively, despite the antioxidant capacity of nanoceria, in serum-free conditions these nanoparticles induce plasma membrane disruption and cause changes in cellular metabolism. Thus, our results identify a specific receptor-mediated mechanism for nanoceria entry, and provide significant insight into the potential for nanoparticle-dependent toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mazzolini
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf J M Weber
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hsueh-Shih Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30, Taiwan
| | - Abdullah Khan
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Guggenheim
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Shaw
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and
| | - James K Chipman
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Viant
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Z Rappoport
- Center for Advanced Microscopy and Nikon Imaging Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a means by which eukaryotic cells ingest extracellular liquid and dissolved molecules. It is widely conserved amongst cells that can take on amoeboid form and, therefore, appears to be an ancient feature that can be traced back to an early stage of evolution. Recent advances have highlighted how this endocytic process can be subverted during pathology - certain cancer cells use macropinocytosis to feed on extracellular protein, and many viruses and bacteria use it to enter host cells. Prion and prion-like proteins can also spread and propagate from cell to cell through macropinocytosis. Progress is being made towards using macropinocytosis therapeutically, either to deliver drugs to or cause cell death by inducing catastrophically rapid fluid uptake. Mechanistically, the Ras signalling pathway plays a prominent and conserved activating role in amoebae and in mammals; mutant amoebae with abnormally high Ras activity resemble tumour cells in their increased capacity for growth using nutrients ingested through macropinocytosis. This Commentary takes a functional and evolutionary perspective to highlight progress in understanding and use of macropinocytosis, which is an ancient feeding process used by single-celled phagotrophs that has now been put to varied uses by metazoan cells and is abused in disease states, including infection and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Bloomfield
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Robert R Kay
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Joglekar M, Khandelwal S, Cines DB, Poncz M, Rauova L, Arepally GM. Heparin enhances uptake of platelet factor 4/heparin complexes by monocytes and macrophages. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1416-27. [PMID: 25960020 PMCID: PMC4516590 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an iatrogenic complication of heparin therapy caused by antibodies to a self-antigen, platelet factor (4) and heparin. The reasons why antibodies form to PF4/heparin, but not to PF4 bound to other cellular glycosaminoglycans are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in cellular responses to cell-bound PF4 and PF4/heparin complexes, we studied the internalization of each by peripheral blood-derived monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils. METHODS AND RESULTS Using unlabeled and fluorescently-labeled antigen and/or labeled monoclonal antibody to PF4/heparin complexes (KKO), we show that PF4/heparin complexes are taken up by monocytes in a heparin-dependent manner and are internalized by human monocytes and dendritic cells, but not by neutrophils. Complexes of PF4/low-molecular-weight heparin and complexes composed of heparin and murine PF4, protamine or lysozyme are internalized similarly, suggesting a common endocytic pathway. Uptake of complexes is mediated by macropinocytosis, as shown by inhibition using cytochalasin D and amiloride. Internalized complexes are transported intact to late endosomes, as indicated by co-staining of vesicles with KKO and lysosomal associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2). Lastly, we show that cellular uptake is accompanied by expression of MHCII and CD83 co-stimulatory molecules. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these studies establish a distinct role for heparin in enhancing antigen uptake and activation of the initial steps in the cellular immune response to PF4-containing complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Joglekar
- Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Khandelwal
- Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D B Cines
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman-University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Poncz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Rauova
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G M Arepally
- Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
McCullough KC, Milona P, Thomann-Harwood L, Démoulins T, Englezou P, Suter R, Ruggli N. Self-Amplifying Replicon RNA Vaccine Delivery to Dendritic Cells by Synthetic Nanoparticles. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:735-54. [PMID: 26344889 PMCID: PMC4494254 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play essential roles determining efficacy of vaccine delivery with respect to immune defence development and regulation. This renders DCs important targets for vaccine delivery, particularly RNA vaccines. While delivery of interfering RNA oligonucleotides to the appropriate intracellular sites for RNA-interference has proven successful, the methodologies are identical for RNA vaccines, which require delivery to RNA translation sites. Delivery of mRNA has benefitted from application of cationic entities; these offer value following endocytosis of RNA, when cationic or amphipathic properties can promote endocytic vesicle membrane perturbation to facilitate cytosolic translocation. The present review presents how such advances are being applied to the delivery of a new form of RNA vaccine, replicons (RepRNA) carrying inserted foreign genes of interest encoding vaccine antigens. Approaches have been developed for delivery to DCs, leading to the translation of the RepRNA and encoded vaccine antigens both in vitro and in vivo. Potential mechanisms favouring efficient delivery leading to translation are discussed with respect to the DC endocytic machinery, showing the importance of cytosolic translocation from acidifying endocytic structures. The review relates the DC endocytic pathways to immune response induction, and the potential advantages for these self-replicating RNA vaccines in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiota Milona
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, CH-3147 Mittelhaeusern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Thomas Démoulins
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, CH-3147 Mittelhaeusern, Switzerland.
| | - Pavlos Englezou
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, CH-3147 Mittelhaeusern, Switzerland.
| | - Rolf Suter
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, CH-3147 Mittelhaeusern, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, CH-3147 Mittelhaeusern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ishchenko IY, Michurina SV. Regional Lymph Nodes in the Liver of Rats in Functional Pinealectomy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:649-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Entry of a novel marine DNA virus, Singapore grouper iridovirus, into host cells occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis in a pH-dependent manner. J Virol 2014; 88:13047-63. [PMID: 25165116 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01744-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iridoviruses are nucleocytoplasmic DNA viruses which cause great economic losses in the aquaculture industry but also show significant threat to global biodiversity. However, a lack of host cells has resulted in poor progress in clarifying iridovirus behavior. We investigated the crucial events during virus entry using a combination of single-virus tracking and biochemical assays, based on the established virus-cell infection model for Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV). SGIV infection in host cells was strongly inhibited when cells were pretreated with drugs blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis, including sucrose and chlorpromazine. Inhibition of key regulators of macropinocytosis, including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, Rac1 GTPase, p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), protein kinase C (PKC), and myosin II, significantly reduced SGIV uptake. Cy5-labeled SGIV particles were observed to colocalize with clathrin and macropinosomes. In contrast, disruption of cellular cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin and nystatin had no effect on virus infection, suggesting that SGIV entered grouper cells via the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway and macropinocytosis but not via caveola-dependent endocytosis. Furthermore, inhibitors of endosome acidification such as chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 blocked virus infection, indicating that SGIV entered cells in a pH-dependent manner. In addition, SGIV particles were observed to be transported along both microtubules and actin filaments, and intracellular SGIV motility was remarkably impaired by depolymerization of microtubules or actin filaments. The results of this study for the first time demonstrate that not only the clathrin-dependent pathway but also macropinocytosis are involved in fish DNA enveloped virus entry, thus providing a convenient tactic for exploring the life cycle of DNA viruses. IMPORTANCE Virus entry into host cells is critically important for initiating infections and is usually recognized as an ideal target for the design of antiviral strategies. Iridoviruses are large DNA viruses which cause serious threats to ecological diversity and the aquaculture industry worldwide. However, the current understanding of iridovirus entry is limited and controversial. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a novel marine fish DNA virus which belongs to genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae. Here, using single-virus tracking technology in combination with biochemical assays, we investigated the crucial events during SGIV entry and demonstrated that SGIV entered grouper cells via the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway in a pH-dependent manner but not via caveola-dependent endocytosis. Furthermore, we propose for the first time that macropinocytosis is involved in iridovirus entry. Together, this work not only contributes greatly to understating iridovirus pathogenesis but also provides an ideal model for exploring the behavior of DNA viruses in living cells.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Small GTPase Rabs are required for membrane protein sorting/delivery to precise membrane domains. Rab13 regulates tight junction assembly and polarized membrane transport in epithelial cells. Using yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified MICAL-like1 (MICAL-L1), a protein that interacts with GTP-bound Rab13 and shares a similar domain organization with MICAL protein family. MICAL-L1 has a calponin homology, Lin11, Isl-1 & Mec-3 (LIM), proline-rich, and coiled-coil domains. It is associated with late and recycling endosomes. Time-lapse video microscopy shows that GFP-Rab7 and cherry-MICAL-L1 are present within vesicles that move rapidly in the cytoplasm. Depletion of MICAL-L1 by short hairpin RNA does not alter the distribution of tight junction proteins, but affects the trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Overexpression of MICAL-L1 leads to the accumulation of EGFR in late endosomal compartments. In contrast, knocking down MICAL-L1 results in the distribution of internalized EGFR in vesicles spread throughout the cytoplasm and promotes its degradation. Our data show that MICAL-L1 inhibits EGFR degradation, suggesting that MICAL-L1 is involved in sorting/targeting the receptor to the recycling pathway. They provide novel insights into MICAL-L1/Rab protein complex that can regulate EGFR trafficking/signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zahraoui
- Phagocytosis and Bacterial Invasion Laboratory, INSERM U.1016-CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu W, Banchereau J. The antigen presenting cells instruct plasma cell differentiation. Front Immunol 2014; 4:504. [PMID: 24432021 PMCID: PMC3880943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), including many subsets of dendritic cells and macrophages, not only mediate prompt but non-specific response against microbes, but also bridge the antigen-specific adaptive immune response through antigen presentation. In the latter, typically activated B cells acquire cognate signals from T helper cells in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles to differentiate into plasma cells (PCs), which generate protective antibodies. Recent advances have revealed that many APC subsets provide not only “signal 1” (the antigen), but also “signal 2” to directly instruct the differentiation process of PCs in a T-cell-independent manner. Herein, the different signals provided by these APC subsets to direct B cell proliferation, survival, class switching, and terminal differentiation are discussed. We furthermore propose that the next generation of vaccines for boosting antibody response could be designed by targeting APCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Roche Glycart AG , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory, Institute for Genomic Medicine , Farmington, CT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Waters JP, Pober JS, Bradley JR. Tumour necrosis factor in infectious disease. J Pathol 2013; 230:132-47. [PMID: 23460469 DOI: 10.1002/path.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TNF signals through two distinct receptors, designated TNFR1 and TNFR2, which initiate diverse cellular effects that include cell survival, activation, differentiation, and proliferation and cell death. These cellular responses can promote immunological and inflammatory responses that eradicate infectious agents, but can also lead to local tissue injury at sites of infection and harmful systemic effects. Defining the molecular mechanisms involved in TNF responses, the effects of natural and experimental genetic diversity in TNF signalling and the effects of therapeutic blockade of TNF has increased our understanding of the key role that TNF plays in infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Waters
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ganem MB, De Marzi MC, Fernández-Lynch MJ, Jancic C, Vermeulen M, Geffner J, Mariuzza RA, Fernández MM, Malchiodi EL. Uptake and intracellular trafficking of superantigens in dendritic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66244. [PMID: 23799083 PMCID: PMC3682983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) are exotoxins produced mainly by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes that can cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS). According to current paradigm, SAgs interact directly and simultaneously with T cell receptor (TCR) on the T cell and MHC class II (MHC-II) on the antigen-presenting cell (APC), thereby circumventing intracellular processing to trigger T cell activation. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that coat nearly all body surfaces and are the most probable candidate to interact with SAgs. We demonstrate that SAgs are taken up by mouse DCs without triggering DC maturation. SAgs were found in intracellular acidic compartment of DCs as biologically active molecules. Moreover, SAgs co-localized with EEA1, RAB-7 and LAMP-2, at different times, and were then recycled to the cell membrane. DCs loaded with SAgs are capable of triggering in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and, injected into mice, stimulate T cells bearing the proper TCR in draining lymph nodes. Transportation and trafficking of SAgs in DCs might increase the local concentration of these exotoxins where they will produce the highest effect by promoting their encounter with both MHC-II and TCR in lymph nodes, and may explain how just a few SAg molecules can induce the severe pathology associated with TSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María B. Ganem
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C. De Marzi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J. Fernández-Lynch
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roy A. Mariuzza
- University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, W. M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marisa M. Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L. Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schutsky K, Curtis D, Bongiorno EK, Barkhouse DA, Kean RB, Dietzschold B, Hooper DC, Faber M. Intramuscular inoculation of mice with the live-attenuated recombinant rabies virus TriGAS results in a transient infection of the draining lymph nodes and a robust, long-lasting protective immune response against rabies. J Virol 2013; 87:1834-41. [PMID: 23192867 PMCID: PMC3554143 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02589-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A single intramuscular application of the live but not UV-inactivated recombinant rabies virus (RABV) variant TriGAS in mice induces the robust and sustained production of RABV-neutralizing antibodies that correlate with long-term protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of the wild-type RABV. To obtain insight into the mechanism by which live TriGAS induces long-lasting protective immunity, quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of muscle tissue, draining lymph nodes, spleen, spinal cord, and brain at different times after TriGAS inoculation revealed the presence of significant copy numbers of RABV-specific RNA in muscle, lymph node, and to a lesser extent, spleen for several days postinfection. Notably, no significant amounts of RABV RNA were detected in brain or spinal cord at any time after TriGAS inoculation. Differential qPCR analysis revealed that the RABV-specific RNA detected in muscle is predominantly genomic RNA, whereas RABV RNA detected in draining lymph nodes is predominantly mRNA. Comparison of genomic RNA and mRNA obtained from isolated lymph node cells showed the highest mRNA-to-genomic-RNA ratios in B cells and dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting that these cells represent the major cell population that is infected in the lymph node. Since RABV RNA declined to undetectable levels by 14 days postinoculation of TriGAS, we speculate that a transient infection of DCs with TriGAS may be highly immunostimulatory through mechanisms that enhance antigen presentation. Our results support the superior efficacy and safety of TriGAS and advocate for its utility as a vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily K. Bongiorno
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darryll A. Barkhouse
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rhonda B. Kean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - D. Craig Hooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Basquin C, Malardé V, Mellor P, Anderson DH, Meas-Yedid V, Olivo-Marin JC, Dautry-Varsat A, Sauvonnet N. The signalling factor PI 3-kinase is a specific regulator of the clathrin-independent dynamin-dependent endocytosis of IL-2 receptors. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1099-108. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is an essential process used by eukaryotic cells to internalise many molecules. Several clathrin-independent endocytic routes exist but the molecular mechanism of each pathway remains to be uncovered. This study focuses on a clathrin-independent, dynamin-dependent pathway used by interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R), essential players of the immune response. Rac1 and its targets the p21-activated kinases (Pak) are specific regulators of this pathway, acting on cortactin and actin polymerization. Here, our study reveals a dual and specific role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) in IL-2R endocytosis. Firstly, the inhibition of the catalytic activity of PI 3-kinase strongly affects IL-2R endocytosis, in contrast to transferrin (Tf) uptake, a marker of the clathrin-mediated pathway. Moreover, Vav2, a GTPase exchange factor (GEF) induced upon PI 3-kinase activation, is specifically involved in IL-2R entry. The second action of PI 3-kinase is via its regulatory subunit, p85α, which binds to and recruits Rac1 during IL-2R internalisation. Indeed, the overexpression of a p85α mutant missing the Rac1 binding motif, leads to the specific inhibition of IL-2R endocytosis. The inhibitory effect of this p85α mutant could be rescued by the overexpression of either Rac1 or the active form of Pak, indicating that p85α acts upstream of the Rac1-Pak cascade. Finally, biochemical and fluorescent microscopy techniques reveal an interaction between p85α, Rac1 and IL-2R that is enhanced by IL-2. In summary our results point out a key role of class I PI 3-kinase in IL-2R endocytosis that creates a link with IL-2 signalling.
Collapse
|
29
|
Le Roux D, Niedergang F. New insights into antigen encounter by B cells. Immunobiology 2012; 217:1285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
30
|
Hopkins RA, Connolly JE. The specialized roles of immature and mature dendritic cells in antigen cross-presentation. Immunol Res 2012; 53:91-107. [PMID: 22450675 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous antigen cross-presentation is integral to the stimulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against viruses and tumors. Central to this process are dendritic cells (DCs), which specialize in cross-presentation. DCs may be considered to exist in two radically different states of activation, generally referred to as immature and mature. In each of these states, the cell has a series of separate and specialized abilities for the induction of T-cell immunity. In the immature state, the DC is adept in surveying the periphery, acquiring and storing antigen, but has a limited capacity for direct T-cell activation. During a brief and defined window of time following DC stimulation, nearly every aspect of antigen handling changes, as it transitions from an entity focused on protein preservation to one capable of efficient cross-presentation. It is this time period and the underlying molecular mechanisms active here, which form the core of our studies on cross-presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Hopkins
- Program in Translational Immunology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03 Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Borio CS, Bilen MF, Argüelles MH, Goñi SE, Iserte JA, Glikmann G, Lozano ME. Antigen vehiculization particles based on the Z protein of Junin virus. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:80. [PMID: 23121996 PMCID: PMC3534497 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arenavirus matrix protein Z plays an important role in virus budding and is able to generate enveloped virus-like-particles (VLPs) in absence of any other viral proteins. In these VLPs, Z protein is associated to the plasma membrane inner surface by its myristoyl residue. Budding induction and vesicle formation properties can be exploited to generate enveloped VLPs platform. These structures can be designed to carry specific antigen in the inner side or on the surface of VLPs.Vaccines based on VLPs are a highly effective type of subunit vaccines that mimic the overall structure of virus particles in absence of viral nucleic acid, being noninfectious.In this work we assayed the capacity of Junin Z protein to produce VLPs carrying the green fluorescent protein (eGFP), as a model antigen. RESULTS In this report the Junin Z protein ability to produce VLPs from 293T cells and its capacity to deliver a specific antigen (eGFP) fused to Z was evaluated. Confocal microscopy showed a particular membrane bending in cells expressing Z and a spot welded distribution in the cytoplasm. VLPs were detected by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and were purified from cell supernatant. The proteinase protection assay demonstrated the VLPs integrity and the absence of degradation of the fused antigen, thus indicating its internal localization. Finally, immunization of mice with purified VLPs produced high titres of anti-eGFP antibodies compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS It was proved that VLPs can be generated from cells transfected with a fusion Junin virus Z-eGFP protein in absence of any other viral protein, and the capacity of Z protein to support fusions at the C-terminal, without impairing its budding activity, allowing vehiculization of specific antigens into VLPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina S Borio
- LIGBCM-AVEZ, Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Functional RNA delivery targeted to dendritic cells by synthetic nanoparticles. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:1077-99. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential to many aspects of immune defense development and regulation. They provide important targets for prophylactic and therapeutic delivery. While protein delivery has had considerable success, RNA delivery is still expanding. Delivering RNA molecules for RNAi has shown particular success and there are reports on successful delivery of mRNA. Central, therein, is the application of cationic entities. Following endocytosis of the delivery vehicle for the RNA, cationic entities should promote vesicular membrane perturbation, facilitating cytosolic release. The present review explains the diversity of DC function in immune response development and control. Promotion of delivered RNA cytosolic release is discussed, relating to immunoprophylactic and therapeutic potential, and DC endocytic machinery is reviewed, showing how DC endocytic pathways influence the handling of internalized material. The potential advantages for application of replicating RNA are presented and discussed, in consideration of their value and development in the near future.
Collapse
|
33
|
De Haes W, Van Mol G, Merlin C, De Smedt SC, Vanham G, Rejman J. Internalization of mRNA Lipoplexes by Dendritic Cells. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2942-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp3003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Winni De Haes
- Virology Unit, Department of
Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, Nationalestraat
155, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Greet Van Mol
- Virology Unit, Department of
Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, Nationalestraat
155, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Céline Merlin
- Virology Unit, Department of
Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, Nationalestraat
155, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Laboratory
of General Biochemistry
and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, Ghent,
Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Virology Unit, Department of
Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, Nationalestraat
155, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical,
Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacology,
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Joanna Rejman
- Laboratory
of General Biochemistry
and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, Ghent,
Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sharma R, Ghasparian A, Robinson JA, McCullough KC. Synthetic virus-like particles target dendritic cell lipid rafts for rapid endocytosis primarily but not exclusively by macropinocytosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43248. [PMID: 22905240 PMCID: PMC3419204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DC employ several endocytic routes for processing antigens, driving forward adaptive immunity. Recent advances in synthetic biology have created small (20-30 nm) virus-like particles based on lipopeptides containing a virus-derived coiled coil sequence coupled to synthetic B- and T-cell epitope mimetics. These self-assembling SVLP efficiently induce adaptive immunity without requirement for adjuvant. We hypothesized that the characteristics of DC interaction with SVLP would elaborate on the roles of cell membrane and intracellular compartments in the handling of a virus-like entity known for its efficacy as a vaccine. DC rapidly bind SVLP within min, co-localised with CTB and CD9, but not caveolin-1. In contrast, internalisation is a relatively slow process, delivering SVLP into the cell periphery where they are maintained for a number of hrs in association with microtubules. Although there is early association with clathrin, this is no longer seen after 10 min. Association with EEA-1(+) early endosomes is also early, but proteolytic processing appears slow, the SVLP-vesicles remaining peripheral. Association with transferrin occurs rarely, and only in the periphery, possibly signifying translocation of some SVLP for delivery to B-lymphocytes. Most SVLP co-localise with high molecular weight dextran. Uptake of both is impaired with mature DC, but there remains a residual uptake of SVLP. These results imply that DC use multiple endocytic routes for SVLP uptake, dominated by caveolin-independent, lipid raft-mediated macropinocytosis. With most SVLP-containing vesicles being retained in the periphery, not always interacting with early endosomes, this relates to slow proteolytic degradation and antigen retention by DC. The present characterization allows for a definition of how DC handle virus-like particles showing efficacious immunogenicity, elements valuable for novel vaccine design in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sharma
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Arin Ghasparian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John A. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
A major determinant of the immunogenicity of factor VIII in a murine model is independent of its procoagulant function. Blood 2012; 120:2512-20. [PMID: 22855607 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-412361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A main complication of treatment of patients with hemophilia A is the development of anti-factor VIII (fVIII) antibodies. The immunogenicity of fVIII potentially is a function of its procoagulant activity, which may result in danger signals that drive the immune response. Alternatively, intrinsic structural elements in fVIII may be particularly immunogenic. Finally, VWF, the carrier protein for fVIII in plasma, may play a role in immune recognition. We compared the immunogenicity of wild-type (wt) B domain-deleted fVIII and 2 inactive fVIII molecules, R372A/R1689A fVIII and V634M fVIII in fVIII(-/-) and fVIII(-/-)/VWF(-/-) mice. R372A/R1689A fVIII lacks proteolytic recognition sites and is not released from VWF. In contrast, V634M fVIII undergoes proteolytic cleavage and dissociation from VWF. No significant difference was observed in the immunogenicity of wt fVIII and V634M fVIII. R372A/R1689A fVIII was slightly less immunogenic in a subset of immunization regimens tested. High doses of wt fVIII were required to produce an immune response in fVIII(-/-)/VWF(-/-) mice. Our results indicate that a main component of the immune response to fVIII is independent of its procoagulant function, is both positively and negatively affected by its association with VWF, and may involve intrinsic elements of fVIII structure.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rab GTPases are differentially regulated during DC maturation. Mol Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|