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Gao X, Carpenter RS, Boulais PE, Zhang D, Marlein CR, Li H, Smith M, Chung DJ, Maryanovich M, Will B, Steidl U, Frenette PS. Regulation of the hematopoietic stem cell pool by C-Kit-associated trogocytosis. Science 2024; 385:eadp2065. [PMID: 39116219 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are routinely mobilized from the bone marrow (BM) to the blood circulation for clinical transplantation. However, the precise mechanisms by which individual stem cells exit the marrow are not understood. This study identified cell-extrinsic and molecular determinants of a mobilizable pool of blood-forming stem cells. We found that a subset of HSCs displays macrophage-associated markers on their cell surface. Although fully functional, these HSCs are selectively niche-retained as opposed to stem cells lacking macrophage markers, which exit the BM upon forced mobilization. Macrophage markers on HSCs could be acquired through direct transfer by trogocytosis, regulated by receptor tyrosine-protein kinase C-Kit (CD117), from BM-resident macrophages in mouse and human settings. Our study provides proof of concept that adult stem cells utilize trogocytosis to rapidly establish and activate function-modulating molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Randall S Carpenter
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Philip E Boulais
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher R Marlein
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Huihui Li
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Smith
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Chung
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Britta Will
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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2
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Hofmann J, Kokkaliaris KD. Bone marrow niches for hematopoietic stem cells: life span dynamics and adaptation to acute stress. Blood 2024; 144:21-34. [PMID: 38579285 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are instrumental for organismal survival because they are responsible for lifelong production of mature blood lineages in homeostasis and response to external stress. To fulfill their function, HSCs rely on reciprocal interactions with specialized tissue microenvironments, termed HSC niches. From embryonic development to advanced aging, HSCs transition through several hematopoietic organs in which they are supported by distinct extrinsic cues. Here, we describe recent discoveries on how HSC niches collectively adapt to ensure robust hematopoietic function during biological aging and after exposure to acute stress. We also discuss the latest strategies leveraging niche-derived signals to revert aging-associated phenotypes and enhance hematopoietic recovery after myeloablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hofmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department 15, Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Konstantinos D Kokkaliaris
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Quantitative Spatial Cancer Biology Laboratory, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Gong L, He L, Lu N, Petchakup C, Li KHH, Tay CY, Hou HW. Label-Free Single Microparticles and Cell Aggregates Sorting in Continuous Cell-Based Manufacturing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304529. [PMID: 38465888 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
There is a paradigm shift in biomanufacturing toward continuous bioprocessing but cell-based manufacturing using adherent and suspension cultures, including microcarriers, hydrogel microparticles, and 3D cell aggregates, remains challenging due to the lack of efficient in-line bioprocess monitoring and cell harvesting tools. Herein, a novel label-free microfluidic platform for high throughput (≈50 particles/sec) impedance bioanalysis of biomass, cell viability, and stem cell differentiation at single particle resolution is reported. The device is integrated with a real-time piezo-actuated particle sorter based on user-defined multi-frequency impedance signatures. Biomass profiling of Cytodex-3 microcarriers seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) is first performed to sort well-seeded or confluent microcarriers for downstream culture or harvesting, respectively. Next, impedance-based isolation of microcarriers with osteogenic differentiated ADSCs is demonstrated, which is validated with a twofold increase of calcium content in sorted ADSCs. Impedance profiling of heterogenous ADSCs-encapsulated hydrogel (alginate) microparticles and 3D ADSC aggregate mixtures is also performed to sort particles with high biomass and cell viability to improve cell quality. Overall, the scalable microfluidic platform technology enables in-line sample processing from bioreactors directly and automated analysis of cell quality attributes to maximize cell yield and improve the control of cell quality in continuous cell-based manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Linwei He
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nan Lu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chayakorn Petchakup
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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4
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Jallah BP, Kuypers DRJ. Impact of Immunosenescence in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients: Associated Clinical Outcomes and Possible Risk Stratification for Immunosuppression Reduction. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:219-238. [PMID: 38386164 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-024-01100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The number of older individuals receiving a kidney transplant as replacement therapy has significantly increased in the past decades and this increase is expected to continue. Older patients have a lower rate of acute rejection but an increased incidence of death with a functioning graft. Several factors, including an increased incidence of infections, post-transplant malignancy and cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality, contribute to this increased risk. Notwithstanding, kidney transplantation is still the best form of kidney replacement therapy in all patients with chronic kidney disease, including in older individuals. The best form of immunosuppression and the optimal dose of these medications in older recipients remains a topic of discussion. Pharmacological studies have usually excluded older patients and when included, patients were highly selected and their numbers insignificant to draw a reasonable conclusion. The reduced incidence of acute rejection in older recipients has largely been attributed to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence refers to the aging of the innate and adaptive immunity, accumulating in phenotypic and functional changes. These changes influences the response of the immune system to new challenges. In older individuals, immunosenescence is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens, a decreased response after vaccinations, increased risk of malignancies and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease is associated with premature immunosenescent changes, and these are independent of aging. The immunosenescent state is associated with low-grade sterile inflammation termed inflammaging. This chronic low-grade inflammation triggers a compensatory immunosuppressive state to avoid further tissue damage, leaving older individuals with chronic kidney disease in an immune-impaired state before kidney transplantation. Immunosuppression after transplantation may further enhance progression of this immunosenescent state. This review covers the role of immunosenescence in older kidney transplant recipients and it details present knowledge of the changes in chronic kidney disease and after transplantation. The impact of immunosuppression on the progression and complications of an immunosenescent state are discussed, and the future direction of a possible clinical implementation of immunosenescence to individualize/reduce immunosuppression in older recipients is laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borefore P Jallah
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk R J Kuypers
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Weng C, Yu F, Yang D, Poeschla M, Liggett LA, Jones MG, Qiu X, Wahlster L, Caulier A, Hussmann JA, Schnell A, Yost KE, Koblan LW, Martin-Rufino JD, Min J, Hammond A, Ssozi D, Bueno R, Mallidi H, Kreso A, Escabi J, Rideout WM, Jacks T, Hormoz S, van Galen P, Weissman JS, Sankaran VG. Deciphering cell states and genealogies of human haematopoiesis. Nature 2024; 627:389-398. [PMID: 38253266 PMCID: PMC10937407 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The human blood system is maintained through the differentiation and massive amplification of a limited number of long-lived haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)1. Perturbations to this process underlie diverse diseases, but the clonal contributions to human haematopoiesis and how this changes with age remain incompletely understood. Although recent insights have emerged from barcoding studies in model systems2-5, simultaneous detection of cell states and phylogenies from natural barcodes in humans remains challenging. Here we introduce an improved, single-cell lineage-tracing system based on deep detection of naturally occurring mitochondrial DNA mutations with simultaneous readout of transcriptional states and chromatin accessibility. We use this system to define the clonal architecture of HSCs and map the physiological state and output of clones. We uncover functional heterogeneity in HSC clones, which is stable over months and manifests as both differences in total HSC output and biases towards the production of different mature cell types. We also find that the diversity of HSC clones decreases markedly with age, leading to an oligoclonal structure with multiple distinct clonal expansions. Our study thus provides a clonally resolved and cell-state-aware atlas of human haematopoiesis at single-cell resolution, showing an unappreciated functional diversity of human HSC clones and, more broadly, paving the way for refined studies of clonal dynamics across a range of tissues in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Weng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fulong Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dian Yang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Poeschla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Alexander Liggett
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Jones
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojie Qiu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computer Science, BASE Research Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lara Wahlster
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Caulier
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hussmann
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Yost
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luke W Koblan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jorge D Martin-Rufino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Min
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Hammond
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Ssozi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hari Mallidi
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia Kreso
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Javier Escabi
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William M Rideout
- Koch Institute For Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute For Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sahand Hormoz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter van Galen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute For Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Kapse B, Budev MM, Singer JP, Greenland JR. Immune aging: biological mechanisms, clinical symptoms, and management in lung transplant recipients. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2024; 3:1356948. [PMID: 38993782 PMCID: PMC11235310 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2024.1356948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
While chronologic age can be precisely defined, clinical manifestations of advanced age occur in different ways and at different rates across individuals. The observed phenotype of advanced age likely reflects a superposition of several biological aging mechanisms which have gained increasing attention as the world contends with an aging population. Even within the immune system, there are multiple age-associated biological mechanisms at play, including telomere dysfunction, epigenetic dysregulation, immune senescence programs, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These biological mechanisms have associated clinical syndromes, such as telomere dysfunction leading to short telomere syndrome (STS), and optimal patient management may require recognition of biologically based aging syndromes. Within the clinical context of lung transplantation, select immune aging mechanisms are particularly pronounced. Indeed, STS is increasingly recognized as an indication for lung transplantation. At the same time, common aging phenotypes may be evoked by the stress of transplantation because lung allografts face a potent immune response, necessitating higher levels of immune suppression and associated toxicities, relative to other solid organs. Age-associated conditions exacerbated by lung transplant include bone marrow suppression, herpes viral infections, liver cirrhosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, frailty, and cancer risk. This review aims to dissect the molecular mechanisms of immune aging and describe their clinical manifestations in the context of lung transplantation. While these mechanisms are more likely to manifest in the context of lung transplantation, this mechanism-based approach to clinical syndromes of immune aging has broad relevance to geriatric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Kapse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marie M. Budev
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Singer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John R. Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
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7
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Huang M, Wang L, Zhang Q, Zhou L, Liao R, Wu A, Wang X, Luo J, Huang F, Zou W, Wu J. Interleukins in Platelet Biology: Unraveling the Complex Regulatory Network. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:109. [PMID: 38256942 PMCID: PMC10820339 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins, a diverse family of cytokines produced by various cells, play crucial roles in immune responses, immunoregulation, and a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In the context of megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and platelet function, interleukins have emerged as key regulators, exerting significant influence on the development, maturation, and activity of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets. While the therapeutic potential of interleukins in platelet-related diseases has been recognized for decades, their clinical application has been hindered by limitations in basic research and challenges in drug development. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of interleukins and their interactions with MKs and platelets, coupled with breakthroughs in cytokine engineering, have revitalized the field of interleukin-based therapeutics. These breakthroughs have paved the way for the development of more effective and specific interleukin-based therapies for the treatment of platelet disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of interleukins on megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and platelet function. It highlights the potential clinical applications of interleukins in regulating megakaryopoiesis and platelet function and discusses the latest bioengineering technologies that could improve the pharmacokinetic properties of interleukins. By synthesizing the current knowledge in this field, this review aims to provide valuable insights for future research into the clinical application of interleukins in platelet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (M.H.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (M.H.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Xinle Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Wenjun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (M.H.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (X.W.); (J.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
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8
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Zhang M, Liu D, Lan Y, Liu B, Li Z, Ni Y. Hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity in non-human primates revealed by five-lineage output bias analysis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2024; 6:e00176. [PMID: 38213824 PMCID: PMC10781131 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) heterogeneity is crucial for treating malignant blood disorders. Compared with mice, we have limited knowledge of the heterogeneity of human HSCs. Fortunately, non-human primates (NHPs) have become the best animal models for studying human HSCs. Here, we employed a public dataset derived from NHP autologous bone marrow transplantation, and focused on a total of 820 HSC clones with reconstitution capacity of all available five lineages (granulocyte, monocyte, B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell) at two time points (11/12 and/or 42/43 months). Intriguingly, unsupervised clustering on these clones revealed six HSC subtypes, including a lymphoid/myeloid balanced (LM-balanced) subtype and five single-lineage-biased subtypes. We also observed that the subtypes of these HSC clones might change over time, and a given subtype could transition into any one of the other five subtypes, albeit with a certain degree of selectivity. Particularly, each of the six subtypes was more likely to turn into lymphoid-biased rather than myeloid-biased ones. Additionally, our five-lineage classification method exhibited strong correlation with traditional lymphoid/myeloid bias classification method. Specifically, our granulocyte- and monocyte-biased subtypes were predominantly attributed to α-HSCs, while LM-balanced, B cell-biased, and T cell-biased subtypes were primarily associated with β-HSCs. The γ-HSCs were composed of a small subset of B cell-biased and T cell-biased subtypes. In summary, our five-lineage classification identifies more finely tuned HSC subtypes based on lineage output bias. These findings enrich our understanding of HSC heterogeneity in NHPs and provide important insights for human research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Wang L, Mao L, Xiao W, Chen P. Natural killer cells immunosenescence and the impact of lifestyle management. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 689:149216. [PMID: 37976836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NKs) are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that quickly respond to viruses, infections, and tumors during their short cell life cycle. However, it was recently found that NKs undergo quantitative, distributional, structural, and functional phenotypic changes during aging that suppress immune responses, which is known as immunosenescence. The aging host environment, cytokine regulation, cytomegalovirus status, and hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis have significant effects on NK function. Different lifestyle management interventions modulate the number and cytotoxic activity of NKs, which are essential for rebuilding the immune barrier against pathogens in elderly individuals. Based on recent studies, we review the phenotypic changes of and potential threats of NKs during aging and explore the underlying mechanisms. By summarizing the effects of lifestyle management on NKs and their application prospects, we aim to provide evidence for enhancing immune system function against immune diseases in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Liwei Mao
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Peijie Chen
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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10
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Cui Z, Wei H, Goding C, Cui R. Stem cell heterogeneity, plasticity, and regulation. Life Sci 2023; 334:122240. [PMID: 37925141 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
As a population of homogeneous cells with both self-renewal and differentiation potential, stem cell pools are highly compartmentalized and contain distinct subsets that exhibit stable but limited heterogeneity during homeostasis. However, their striking plasticity is showcased under natural or artificial stress, such as injury, transplantation, cancer, and aging, leading to changes in their phenotype, constitution, metabolism, and function. The complex and diverse network of cell-extrinsic niches and signaling pathways, together with cell-intrinsic genetic and epigenetic regulators, tightly regulate both the heterogeneity during homeostasis and the plasticity under perturbation. Manipulating these factors offers better control of stem cell behavior and a potential revolution in the current state of regenerative medicine. However, disruptions of normal regulation by genetic mutation or excessive plasticity acquisition may contribute to the formation of tumors. By harnessing innovative techniques that enhance our understanding of stem cell heterogeneity and employing novel approaches to maximize the utilization of stem cell plasticity, stem cell therapy holds immense promise for revolutionizing the future of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Cui
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Hope Wei
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Colin Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Rutao Cui
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Tarbashevich K, Ermlich L, Wegner J, Pfeiffer J, Raz E. The mitochondrial protein Sod2 is important for the migration, maintenance, and fitness of germ cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1250643. [PMID: 37954204 PMCID: PMC10639133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1250643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain a range of cellular functions and to ensure cell survival, cells must control their levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main source of these molecules is the mitochondrial respiration machinery, and the first line of defense against these toxic substances is the mitochondrial enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2). Thus, investigating early expression patterns and functions of this protein is critical for understanding how an organism develops ways to protect itself against ROS and enhance tissue fitness. Here, we report on expression pattern and function of zebrafish Sod2, focusing on the role of the protein in migration and maintenance of primordial germ cells during early embryonic development. We provide evidence that Sod2 is involved in purifying selection of vertebrate germ cells, which can contribute to the fitness of the organism in the following generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
| | - Laura Ermlich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
| | - Julian Wegner
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
| | - Jana Pfeiffer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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12
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Wang P, Liu X, Yao Z, Chen Y, Luo L, Liang K, Tan JHE, Chua MWJ, Chua YJB, Ma S, Zhang L, Ma W, Liu S, Cao W, Guo L, Guang L, Wang Y, Zhao H, Ai N, Li Y, Li C, Wang RR, Teh BT, Jiang L, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N. Lin28a maintains a subset of adult muscle stem cells in an embryonic-like state. Cell Res 2023; 33:712-726. [PMID: 37188880 PMCID: PMC10474071 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During homeostasis and after injury, adult muscle stem cells (MuSCs) activate to mediate muscle regeneration. However, much remains unclear regarding the heterogeneous capacity of MuSCs for self-renewal and regeneration. Here, we show that Lin28a is expressed in embryonic limb bud muscle progenitors, and that a rare reserve subset of Lin28a+Pax7- skeletal MuSCs can respond to injury at adult stage by replenishing the Pax7+ MuSC pool to drive muscle regeneration. Compared with adult Pax7+ MuSCs, Lin28a+ MuSCs displayed enhanced myogenic potency in vitro and in vivo upon transplantation. The epigenome of adult Lin28a+ MuSCs showed resemblance to embryonic muscle progenitors. In addition, RNA-sequencing revealed that Lin28a+ MuSCs co-expressed higher levels of certain embryonic limb bud transcription factors, telomerase components and the p53 inhibitor Mdm4, and lower levels of myogenic differentiation markers compared to adult Pax7+ MuSCs, resulting in enhanced self-renewal and stress-response signatures. Functionally, conditional ablation and induction of Lin28a+ MuSCs in adult mice revealed that these cells are necessary and sufficient for efficient muscle regeneration. Together, our findings connect the embryonic factor Lin28a to adult stem cell self-renewal and juvenile regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xupeng Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyue Yao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfang Luo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hao Elwin Tan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min-Wen Jason Chua
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan-Jiang Benjamin Chua
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shilin Ma
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Ma
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Cao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Guo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Guang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Ai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Rachel Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Tang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Cui S, Xu R, Wang Y. Functions and regulatory mechanisms of resting hematopoietic stem cells: a promising targeted therapeutic strategy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:73. [PMID: 37038215 PMCID: PMC10088186 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the common and essential precursors of all blood cells, including immune cells, and they are responsible for the lifelong maintenance and damage repair of blood tissue homeostasis. The vast majority (> 95%) of HSCs are in a resting state under physiological conditions and are only activated to play a functional role under stress conditions. This resting state affects their long-term survival and is also closely related to the lifelong maintenance of hematopoietic function; however, abnormal changes may also be an important factor leading to the decline of immune function in the body and the occurrence of diseases in various systems. While the importance of resting HSCs has attracted increasing research attention, our current understanding of this topic remains insufficient, and the direction of clinical targeted treatments is unclear. Here, we describe the functions of HSCs, analyze the regulatory mechanisms that affect their resting state, and discuss the relationship between resting HSCs and different diseases, with a view to providing guidance for the future clinical implementation of related targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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14
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Shah M, Kumar H, Qiu S, Li H, Harris M, He J, Abraham A, Crossman DK, Paterson A, Welner RS, Bhatia R. Low c-Kit expression identifies primitive, therapy-resistant CML stem cells. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e157421. [PMID: 36413413 PMCID: PMC9870079 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), malignant long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) persist as a source of relapse. However, LT-HSCs are heterogenous and the most primitive, drug-resistant LT-HSC subpopulations are not well characterized. In normal hematopoiesis, self-renewal and long-term reconstitution capacity are enriched within LT-HSCs with low c-Kit expression (c-KITlo). Here, using a transgenic CML mouse model, we found that long-term engraftment and leukemogenic capacity were restricted to c-KITlo CML LT-HSCs. CML LT-HSCs demonstrated enhanced differentiation with expansion of mature progeny following exposure to the c-KIT ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). Conversely, SCF deletion led to depletion of normal LT-HSCs but increase in c-KITlo and total CML LT-HSCs with reduced generation of mature myeloid cells. CML c-KITlo LT-HSCs showed reduced cell cycling and expressed enhanced quiescence and inflammatory gene signatures. SCF administration led to enhanced depletion of CML primitive progenitors but not LT-HSCs after TKI treatment. Human CML LT-HSCs with low or absent c-KIT expression were markedly enriched after TKI treatment. We conclude that CML LT-HSCs expressing low c-KIT levels are enriched for primitive, quiescent, drug-resistant leukemia-initiating cells and represent a critical target for eliminating disease persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Shah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Harish Kumar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mason Harris
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jianbo He
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay Abraham
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Andrew Paterson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert S. Welner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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15
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McGovern KE, Sonar SA, Watanabe M, Coplen CP, Bradshaw CM, Nikolich JŽ. The aging of the immune system and its implications for transplantation. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-022-00720-2. [PMID: 36626019 PMCID: PMC9838392 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
By the last third of life, most mammals, including humans, exhibit a decline in immune cell numbers, immune organ structure, and immune defense of the organism, commonly known as immunosenescence. This decline leads to clinical manifestations of increased susceptibility to infections, particularly those caused by emerging and reemerging microorganisms, which can reach staggering levels-infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been 270-fold more lethal to older adults over 80 years of age, compared to their 18-39-year-old counterparts. However, while this would be expected to be beneficial to situations where hyporeactivity of the immune system may be desirable, this is not always the case. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular underpinnings of immunosenescence as they pertain to outcomes of solid organ and hematopoietic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McGovern
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sandip A Sonar
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christopher P Coplen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christine M Bradshaw
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Janko Ž Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Arizona Center On Aging, The University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Aegis Consortium for Pandemic-free Future, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85719, USA.
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16
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Liao J, Wu Y. Gene Editing in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:177-199. [PMID: 38228965 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be isolated and collected from the body, genetically modified, and expanded ex vivo. The invention of innovative and powerful gene editing tools has provided researchers with great convenience in genetically modifying a wide range of cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition to being used to modify genes to study the functional role that specific genes play in the hematopoietic system, the application of gene editing platforms in HSCs is largely focused on the development of cell-based gene editing therapies to treat diseases such as immune deficiency disorders and inherited blood disorders. Here, we review the application of gene editing tools in HSPCs. In particular, we provide a broad overview of the development of gene editing tools, multiple strategies for the application of gene editing tools in HSPCs, and exciting clinical advances in HSPC gene editing therapies. We also outline the various challenges integral to clinical translation of HSPC gene editing and provide the possible corresponding solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Liao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Escames G, Yang Z, Zhao H, Qian L, Xue C, Xu D, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Yang Y. Deciphering clock genes as emerging targets against aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101725. [PMID: 36029999 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The old people often suffer from circadian rhythm disturbances, which in turn accelerate aging. Many aging-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and osteoarthritis have an inextricable connection with circadian rhythm. In light of the predominant effects of clock genes on regulating circadian rhythm, we systematically present the elaborate network of roles that clock genes play in aging in this review. First, we briefly introduce the basic background regarding clock genes. Second, we systemically summarize the roles of clock genes in aging and aging-related degenerative diseases. Third, we discuss the relationship between clock genes polymorphisms and aging. In summary, this review is intended to clarify the indispensable roles of clock genes in aging and sheds light on developing clock genes as anti-aging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Germaine Escames
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain; Ibs. Granada and CIBERfes, Granada, Spain; UGC of Clinical Laboratories, Universitu San Cecilio's Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengxu Xue
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danni Xu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain; Ibs. Granada and CIBERfes, Granada, Spain; UGC of Clinical Laboratories, Universitu San Cecilio's Hospital, Granada, Spain.
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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18
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Lim HS, Shin HI, Jeong D. Homogenic Evaluation for Spatial Distribution in Osteoclast Differentiation. J Bone Metab 2022; 29:265-269. [PMID: 36529869 PMCID: PMC9760772 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells have heterogeneous cellular diversity in size, morphology, cell cycle, metabolism, differentiation degree, and spatial distribution. The shift of specific cells towards the desired cells is crucial for maintaining uniform cellular function and can be represented by homogeneity and heterogeneity. Here, we developed a simple and direct method for evaluating the homogeneous distribution of desired cells in a constant region. METHODS We differentiated osteoclast progenitors into bone-resorbing multinucleated giant osteoclasts in a 2-dimensional culture plate under 2 conditions. Cells were stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase to assess osteoclast differentiation, images were taken using a microscope and divided into sectors, and the number of osteoclasts (≥3 nuclei) in each sector was counted. To assess the homogeneity of the spatial distribution of osteoclasts, the standard deviation (SD) was calculated from the mean number of osteoclasts within each sector. RESULTS From the 2 groups, a value with a SD close to 0 indicates high spatial homogeneity while a relatively high SD represents low spatial homogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that spatial homogeneity can be represented as SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sook Lim
- Department of Public Health Administration, Hanyang Women’s University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-Tooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Daewon Jeong
- Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Department of Microbiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea,Company of the Bone Science, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
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19
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Cell-intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1361-1382. [PMID: 36309884 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly complex process, regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Often, these two regulatory arms work in tandem to maintain the steady-state condition of hematopoiesis. However, at times, certain intrinsic attributes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) override the external stimuli and dominate the outcome. These could be genetic events like mutations or environmentally induced epigenetic or transcriptomic changes. Since leukemic stem cells (LSCs) share molecular pathways that also regulate normal HSCs, identifying specific, dominantly acting intrinsic factors could help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here we have reviewed such dominantly acting intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of the HSCs in the face of external forces acting on them. For brevity, we have restricted our review to the articles dealing with adult HSCs of human and mouse origin that have been published in the last 10 years. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are closely associated with various stromal cells in their microenvironment and, thus, constantly receive signaling cues from them. The illustration depicts some dominantly acting intrinsic or cell-autonomous factors operative in the HSCs. These fall into various categories, such as epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, tumor suppressor genes, signaling pathways, and metabolic regulators, which counteract the outcome of extrinsic signaling exerted by the HSC niche.
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20
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Gilchrist AE, Harley BA. Engineered Tissue Models to Replicate Dynamic Interactions within the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102130. [PMID: 34936239 PMCID: PMC8986554 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are the progenitors of the blood and immune system and represent the most widely used regenerative therapy. However, their rarity and limited donor base necessitate the design of ex vivo systems that support HSC expansion without the loss of long-term stem cell activity. This review describes recent advances in biomaterials systems to replicate features of the hematopoietic niche. Inspired by the native bone marrow, these instructive biomaterials provide stimuli and cues from cocultured niche-associated cells to support HSC encapsulation and expansion. Engineered systems increasingly enable study of the dynamic nature of the matrix and biomolecular environment as well as the role of cell-cell signaling (e.g., autocrine feedback vs paracrine signaling between dissimilar cells). The inherent coupling of material properties, biotransport of cell-secreted factors, and cell-mediated remodeling motivate dynamic biomaterial systems as well as characterization and modeling tools capable of evaluating a temporally evolving tissue microenvironment. Recent advances in HSC identification and tracking, model-based experimental design, and single-cell culture platforms facilitate the study of the effect of constellations of matrix, cell, and soluble factor signals on HSC fate. While inspired by the HSC niche, these tools are amenable to the broader stem cell engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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21
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Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 63:499-529. [PMID: 34910283 PMCID: PMC8671603 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific innate and antigen-specific adaptive immunological memories are vital evolutionary adaptations that confer long-lasting protection against a wide range of pathogens. Adaptive memory is established by memory T and B lymphocytes following the recognition of an antigen. On the other hand, innate immune memory, also called trained immunity, is imprinted in innate cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. However, these mechanisms of memory generation and maintenance are compromised as organisms age. Almost all immune cell types, both mature cells and their progenitors, go through age-related changes concerning numbers and functions. The aging immune system renders the elderly highly susceptible to infections and incapable of mounting a proper immune response upon vaccinations. Besides the increased infectious burden, older individuals also have heightened risks of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, which have an immunological component. This review discusses how immune function, particularly the establishment and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunological memory, regulates and is regulated by epigenetics, metabolic processes, gut microbiota, and the central nervous system throughout life, with a focus on old age. We explain in-depth how epigenetics and cellular metabolism impact immune cell function and contribute or resist the aging process. Microbiota is intimately linked with the immune system of the human host, and therefore, plays an important role in immunological memory during both homeostasis and aging. The brain, which is not an immune-isolated organ despite former opinion, interacts with the peripheral immune cells, and the aging of both systems influences the health of each other. With all these in mind, we aimed to present a comprehensive view of the aging immune system and its consequences, especially in terms of immunological memory. The review also details the mechanisms of promising anti-aging interventions and highlights a few, namely, caloric restriction, physical exercise, metformin, and resveratrol, that impact multiple facets of the aging process, including the regulation of innate and adaptive immune memory. We propose that understanding aging as a complex phenomenon, with the immune system at the center role interacting with all the other tissues and systems, would allow for more effective anti-aging strategies.
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22
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Windmöller BA, Höving AL, Knabbe C, Greiner JFW. Inter- and Intrapopulational Heterogeneity of Characteristic Markers in Adult Human Neural Crest-derived Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1510-1520. [PMID: 34748196 PMCID: PMC9033708 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adult human neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) are found in a variety of adult tissues and show an extraordinary broad developmental potential. Despite their great differentiation capacity, increasing evidence suggest a remaining niche-dependent variability between different NCSC-populations regarding their differentiation behavior and expression signatures. In the present study, we extended the view on heterogeneity of NCSCs by identifying heterogeneous expression levels and protein amounts of characteristic markers even between NCSCs from the same niche of origin. In particular, populations of neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) isolated from different individuals showed significant variations in characteristic NCSC marker proteins Nestin, S100 and Slug in a donor-dependent manner. Notably, increased nuclear protein amounts of Slug were accompanied by a significantly elevated level of nuclear NF-κB-p65 protein, suggesting an NF-κB-dependent regulation of NCSC-makers. In addition to this interpopulational genetic heterogeneity of ITSC-populations from different donors, single ITSCs also revealed a strong heterogeneity regarding the protein amounts of Nestin, S100, Slug and NF-κB-p65 even within the same clonal culture. Our present findings therefor strongly suggest ITSC-heterogeneity to be at least partly based on an interpopulational genetic heterogeneity dependent on the donor accompanied by a stochastic intrapopulational heterogeneity between single cells. We propose this stochastic intrapopulational heterogeneity to occur in addition to the already described genetic variability between clonal NCSC-cultures and the niche-dependent plasticity of NCSCs. Our observations offer a novel perspective on NCSC-heterogeneity, which may build the basis to understand heterogeneous NCSC-behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.,Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna L Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V, Bielefeld, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Johannes F W Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V, Bielefeld, Germany.
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23
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de Mol J, Kuiper J, Tsiantoulas D, Foks AC. The Dynamics of B Cell Aging in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733566. [PMID: 34675924 PMCID: PMC8524000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered to be an important risk factor for several inflammatory diseases. B cells play a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases by antibody secretion, antigen presentation and T cell regulation. Different B cell subsets have been implicated in infections and multiple autoimmune diseases. Since aging decreases B cell numbers, affects B cell subsets and impairs antibody responses, the aged B cell is expected to have major impacts on the development and progression of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of B cells in health and disease settings, such as atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, we provide an overview of age-related changes in B cell development and function with respect to their impact in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda C. Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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24
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Belyavsky A, Petinati N, Drize N. Hematopoiesis during Ontogenesis, Adult Life, and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179231. [PMID: 34502137 PMCID: PMC8430730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bone marrow of vertebrates, two types of stem cells coexist-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hematopoiesis only occurs when these two stem cell types and their descendants interact. The descendants of HSCs supply the body with all the mature blood cells, while MSCs give rise to stromal cells that form a niche for HSCs and regulate the process of hematopoiesis. The studies of hematopoiesis were initially based on morphological observations, later extended by the use of physiological methods, and were subsequently augmented by massive application of sophisticated molecular techniques. The combination of these methods produced a wealth of new data on the organization and functional features of hematopoiesis in the ontogenesis of mammals and humans. This review summarizes the current views on hematopoiesis in mice and humans, discusses the development of blood elements and hematopoiesis in the embryo, and describes how the hematopoietic system works in the adult organism and how it changes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Belyavsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Nina Drize
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune responses decline with age, leading to greater susceptibility to infectious diseases and reduced responses to vaccines. Diseases are more severe in old than in young individuals and have a greater impact on health outcomes such as morbidity, disability, and mortality. Aging is characterized by increased low-grade chronic inflammation, so-called inflammaging, that represents a link between changes in immune cells and a number of diseases and syndromes typical of old age. In this review we summarize current knowledge on age-associated changes in immune cells with special emphasis on B cells, which are more inflammatory and less responsive to infections and vaccines in the elderly. We highlight recent findings on factors and pathways contributing to inflammaging and how these lead to dysfunctional immune responses. We summarize recent published studies showing that adipose tissue, which increases in size with aging, contributes to inflammaging and dysregulated B cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA; .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.,Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA;
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA;
| | - Denisse Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA;
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA; .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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26
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Pessoa Rodrigues C, Akhtar A. Differential H4K16ac levels ensure a balance between quiescence and activation in hematopoietic stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5987. [PMID: 34362741 PMCID: PMC8346211 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are able to reconstitute the bone marrow while retaining their self-renewal property. Individual HSCs demonstrate heterogeneity in their repopulating capacities. Here, we found that the levels of the histone acetyltransferase MOF (males absent on the first) and its target modification histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation are heterogeneous among HSCs and influence their proliferation capacities. The increased proliferative capacities of MOF-depleted cells are linked to their expression of CD93. The CD93+ HSC subpopulation simultaneously shows transcriptional features of quiescent HSCs and functional features of active HSCs. CD93+ HSCs were expanded and exhibited an enhanced proliferative advantage in Mof +/- animals reminiscent of a premalignant state. Accordingly, low MOF and high CD93 levels correlate with poor survival and increased proliferation capacity in leukemia. Collectively, our study indicates H4K16ac as an important determinant for HSC heterogeneity, which is linked to the onset of monocytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Silva WN, Costa AC, Picoli CC, Rocha BGS, Santos GSP, Costa PAC, Azimnasab-sorkhabi P, Soltani-asl M, da Silva RA, Amorim JH, Resende RR, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Hematopoietic stem cell stretches and moves in its bone marrow niche. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103368. [PMID: 34051302 PMCID: PMC8277710 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are the most illustrious inhabitants of the bone marrow. Direct visualization of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells in this niche is essential to study their functions. Until recently this was not possible in live animals. Recent studies, using state-of-the-art technologies, including sophisticated in vivo inducible genetic approaches in combination with two-photon laser scanning microscopy, allow the follow-up of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells' behavior in their habitat. Strikingly, the new findings reveal that quiescent hematopoietic stem cells are more mobile than previously thought, and link their retained steady state within the niche to a mobile behavior. The arising knowledge from this research will be critical for the therapy of several hematological diseases. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of hematopoietic stem cell biology in their niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walison N. Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C. Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline C. Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G. S. Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro A. C. Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maryam Soltani-asl
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo R. Resende
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of West Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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28
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Lieske A, Ha TC, Schambach A, Maetzig T. An improved lentiviral fluorescent genetic barcoding approach distinguishes hematopoietic stem cell properties in multiplexed in vivo experiments. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1280-1294. [PMID: 34139894 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) represent a rare cell population of particular interest for biomedical research and regenerative medicine. Various marker combinations enable the isolation of HSCs but fail to reach purity in transplantation assays. To reduce animal consumption, we developed a multiplexing system based on lentiviral fluorescent genetic barcoding (FGB) to enable the parallel characterization of multiple HSC samples within single animals. While previous FGB-mediated HSC multiplexing experiments achieved high in vitro gene marking rates, in vivo persistence of transduced cells remained sub-optimal. Thus, we aimed to optimize vector design and gene transfer protocols to demonstrate the applicability of FGB for functional characterization of two highly similar HSC populations in a reduced number of mice. We developed a set of 6 new lentiviral FGB vectors, utilizing individual and combinatorial expression of Azami Green, mCherry, and YFP derivatives. Gene transfer rates were optimized by overnight transduction of pre-stimulated HSCs with titrated vector doses. Populations for competitive transplantation experiments were identified by immunophenotyping murine HSCs. This identified an LSK-SLAM- (Lin-Sca-1+cKit+CD48-CD150+EPCR-) cell subpopulation that lacks EPCR expression and exhibits prospectively reduced self-renewal potential compared with prototypical ESLAM (CD45+EPCR+CD48-CD150+) HSCs. We monitored 30 data points per HSC-subpopulation in two independent experiments (each n=5) after co-transplantation of 3 uniquely color-coded ESLAM and LSK-SLAM- samples per recipient. While the first experiment was hampered by data fluctuations, increasing cell numbers and exchange of the internal promoter in the second experiment led to 74.4% chimerism, with 87.1% of fluorescent cells derived from ESLAM HSCs. Furthermore, ESLAM-derived cells produced 88.1% of myeloid cells, which is indicative of their origin from long-term repopulating HSCs. This work verifies the importance of EPCR for long-term repopulating HSCs and demonstrates the applicability of our optimized FGB-driven multiplexing approach for the efficient characterization of blood cell populations in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lieske
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 9177, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany;
| | - Teng-Cheong Ha
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, State..., Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 9177, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany;
| | - Axel Schambach
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 9177, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany.,Harvard Medical School, 1811, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Tobias Maetzig
- Hannover Medical School, Insitute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 9177, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany;
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29
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Sonoda Y. Human CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells: The current understanding of their biological nature. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:13-26. [PMID: 33610645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) heterogeneity and hierarchy are a current topic of interest, having major implications for clinical HSC transplantation and basic research on human HSCs. It was long believed that the most primitive HSCs in mammals, including mice and humans, were CD34 antigen positive (CD34+). However, 2 decades ago, it was reported that murine long-term multilineage reconstituting HSCs were lineage marker negative (Lin-, i.e., c-kit+Sca-1+CD34low/-), known as CD34low/- KSL cells. In contrast, human CD34- HSCs, a counterpart of murine CD34low/- KSL cells, were hard to identify for a long time mainly because of their rarity. We previously identified very primitive human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) using the intra-bone marrow injection method and proposed the new concept that CD34- SRCs (HSCs) reside at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy. Through a series of studies, we identified two positive/enrichment markers: CD133 and GPI-80. The combination of these two markers enabled the development of an ultrahigh-resolution purification method for CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs and the successful purification of both HSCs at the single-cell level. Cell population purity is a crucial prerequisite for reliable biological and molecular analyses. Clonal analyses of highly purified human CD34- HSCs have revealed their potent megakaryocyte/erythrocyte differentiation potential. Based on these observations, we propose a revised road map for the commitment of human CB-derived CD34- HSCs. This review updates the current understanding of the stem cell nature of human CB-derived primitive CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
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30
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Implications of hematopoietic stem cells heterogeneity for gene therapies. Gene Ther 2021; 28:528-541. [PMID: 33589780 PMCID: PMC8455331 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the therapeutic concept to cure the blood/immune system of patients suffering from malignancies, immunodeficiencies, red blood cell disorders, and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Yet, allogeneic HSCT bear considerable risks for the patient such as non-engraftment, or graft-versus host disease. Transplanting gene modified autologous HSCs is a promising approach not only for inherited blood/immune cell diseases, but also for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, there is emerging evidence for substantial heterogeneity of HSCs in situ as well as ex vivo that is also observed after HSCT. Thus, HSC gene modification concepts are suggested to consider that different blood disorders affect specific hematopoietic cell types. We will discuss the relevance of HSC heterogeneity for the development and manufacture of gene therapies and in exemplary diseases with a specific emphasis on the key target HSC types myeloid-biased, lymphoid-biased, and balanced HSCs.
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He W, Xiao K, Fang M, Xie L. Immune Cell Number, Phenotype, and Function in the Elderly with Sepsis. Aging Dis 2021; 12:277-296. [PMID: 33532141 PMCID: PMC7801284 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a form of life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to an infection that can be partly attributed to immune dysfunction. Although sepsis affects patients of all ages, elderly individuals display increased susceptibility and mortality. This is partly due to immunosenescence, a decline in normal immune system function associated with physiological aging that affects almost all cell types in the innate and adaptive immune systems. In elderly patients with sepsis, these alterations in immune cells such as endothelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, are largely responsible for their poor prognosis and increased mortality. Here, we review recent studies investigating the events affecting both innate and adaptive immune cells in elderly mice and patients with sepsis, including alterations in their number, phenotype, and function, to shed light on possible new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxue He
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Kun Xiao
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Fang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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SanMiguel JM, Young K, Trowbridge JJ. Hand in hand: intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of aging and clonal hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2020; 91:1-9. [PMID: 32991978 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 25 years, the importance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging in overall hematopoietic and immune system health span has been appreciated. Much work has been done in model organisms to understand the intrinsic dysregulation that occurs in HSCs during aging, with the goal of identifying modifiable mechanisms that represent the proverbial "fountain of youth." Much more recently, the discovery of somatic mutations that are found to provide a selective advantage to HSCs and accumulate in the hematopoietic system during aging, termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH), inspires revisiting many of these previously defined drivers of HSC aging in the context of these somatic mutations. To truly understand these processes and develop a holistic picture of HSC aging, ongoing and future studies must include investigation of the critical changes that occur in the HSC niche or bone marrow microenvironment with aging, as increasing evidence supports that these HSC-extrinsic alterations provide necessary inflammation, signaling pathway activation or repression, and other selective pressures to favor HSC aging-associated phenotypes and CH. Here, we provide our perspectives based on the past 8 years of our own laboratory's investigations into these mechanisms and chart a path for integrative studies that, in our opinion, will provide an ideal opportunity to discover HSC and hematopoietic health span-extending interventions. This path includes examining when and how aging-associated HSC-intrinsic and HSC-extrinsic changes accumulate over time in different individuals and developing new models to track and test relevant HSC-extrinsic changes, complementary to innovative HSC lineage tracing systems that have recently been developed.
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Emerging single-cell tools are primed to reveal functional and molecular heterogeneity in malignant hematopoietic stem cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 26:214-221. [PMID: 31170109 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The recent emergence of single-cell technologies has permitted unprecedented insight into the molecular drivers of fate choice in blood stem and progenitor cells. This review gives a broad overview of current efforts to understand the molecular regulators of malignant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at the single-cell level. RECENT FINDINGS The large-scale adoption of single-cell approaches has allowed extensive description of the transcriptional profiles and functional properties of single HSCs. These techniques are now beginning to be applied to malignant HSCs isolated directly from patients or from mouse models of malignancy. However, these studies have generally struggled to pinpoint the functional regulators of malignant characteristics, since malignant HSCs often differ in more than one property when compared with normal HSCs. Moreover, both normal and malignant populations are complicated by HSC heterogeneity. SUMMARY Despite the existence of single-cell gene expression profiling tools, relatively few publications have emerged. Here, we review these studies from recent years with a specific focus on those undertaking single-cell measurements in malignant stem and progenitor cells. We anticipate this to be the tip of the iceberg, expecting the next 2-3 years to produce datasets that will facilitate a much broader understanding of malignant HSCs.
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Yvan-Charvet L, Ng LG. Granulopoiesis and Neutrophil Homeostasis: A Metabolic, Daily Balancing Act. Trends Immunol 2020; 40:598-612. [PMID: 31256783 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Granulopoiesis is part of the hematopoietic hierarchic architecture, where hematopoietic stem cells give rise to highly proliferative multipotent and lineage-committed granulocytic progenitor cells that differentiate into unipotent neutrophil progenitors. Given their short lifespan, neutrophils are rapidly cleared from circulation through specialized efferocytic macrophages. Together with an intrinsic clock, these processes contribute to circadian fluctuations, preserving self-tolerance and protection against invading pathogens. However, metabolic perturbation of granulopoiesis and neutrophil homeostasis can result in low-grade chronic inflammation, as observed with aging. During acute pathogenic infections, hematopoiesis can also be switched into emergency mode, which has been recently associated with significant neutrophil functional heterogeneity. This review focuses on a new reassessment of regulatory mechanisms governing neutrophil production, life-cycle, and diversity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, 06204 Nice, France.
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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35
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Uremia-Associated Ageing of the Thymus and Adaptive Immune Responses. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040224. [PMID: 32260178 PMCID: PMC7232426 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive loss of renal function is associated with a series of changes of the adaptive immune system which collectively constitute premature immunological ageing. This phenomenon contributes significantly to the mortality and morbidity of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. In this review, the effect of ESRD on the T cell part of the adaptive immune system is highlighted. Naïve T cell lymphopenia, in combination with the expansion of highly differentiated memory T cells, are the hallmarks of immunological ageing. The decreased production of newly formed T cells by the thymus is critically involved. This affects both the CD4 and CD8 T cell compartment and may contribute to the expansion of memory T cells. The expanding populations of memory T cells have a pro-inflammatory phenotype, add to low-grade inflammation already present in ESRD patients and destabilize atherosclerotic plaques. The effect of loss of renal function on the thymus is not reversed after restoring renal function by kidney transplantation and constitutes a long-term mortality risk factor. Promising results from animal experiments have shown that rejuvenation of the thymus is a possibility, although not yet applicable in humans.
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Clark D, Brazina S, Yang F, Hu D, Hsieh CL, Niemi EC, Miclau T, Nakamura MC, Marcucio R. Age-related changes to macrophages are detrimental to fracture healing in mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13112. [PMID: 32096907 PMCID: PMC7059136 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population suffers from higher rates of complications during fracture healing that result in increased morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory dysregulation is associated with increased age and is a contributing factor to the myriad of age-related diseases. Therefore, we investigated age-related changes to an important cellular regulator of inflammation, the macrophage, and the impact on fracture healing outcomes. We demonstrated that old mice (24 months) have delayed fracture healing with significantly less bone and more cartilage compared to young mice (3 months). The quantity of infiltrating macrophages into the fracture callus was similar in old and young mice. However, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated distinct differences in the transcriptomes of macrophages derived from the fracture callus of old and young mice, with an up-regulation of M1/pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages from old mice as well as dysregulation of other immune-related genes. Preventing infiltration of the fracture site by macrophages in old mice improved healing outcomes, with significantly more bone in the calluses of treated mice compared to age-matched controls. After preventing infiltration by macrophages, the macrophages remaining within the fracture callus were collected and examined via RNA-seq analysis, and their transcriptome resembled macrophages from young calluses. Taken together, infiltrating macrophages from old mice demonstrate detrimental age-related changes, and depleting infiltrating macrophages can improve fracture healing in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clark
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Orofacial SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Sloane Brazina
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Frank Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Diane Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Christine L. Hsieh
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSan Francisco VA Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Erene C. Niemi
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSan Francisco VA Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Mary C. Nakamura
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSan Francisco VA Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Ong E, Sun P, Berke K, Zheng J, Wu G, He Y. VIO: ontology classification and study of vaccine responses given various experimental and analytical conditions. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:704. [PMID: 31865910 PMCID: PMC6927110 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different human responses to the same vaccine were frequently observed. For example, independent studies identified overlapping but different transcriptomic gene expression profiles in Yellow Fever vaccine 17D (YF-17D) immunized human subjects. Different experimental and analysis conditions were likely contributed to the observed differences. To investigate this issue, we developed a Vaccine Investigation Ontology (VIO), and applied VIO to classify the different variables and relations among these variables systematically. We then evaluated whether the ontological VIO modeling and VIO-based statistical analysis would contribute to the enhanced vaccine investigation studies and a better understanding of vaccine response mechanisms. Results Our VIO modeling identified many variables related to data processing and analysis such as normalization method, cut-off criteria, software settings including software version. The datasets from two previous studies on human responses to YF-17D vaccine, reported by Gaucher et al. (2008) and Querec et al. (2009), were re-analyzed. We first applied the same LIMMA statistical method to re-analyze the Gaucher data set and identified a big difference in terms of significantly differentiated gene lists compared to the original study. The different results were likely due to the LIMMA version and software package differences. Our second study re-analyzed both Gaucher and Querec data sets but with the same data processing and analysis pipeline. Significant differences in differential gene lists were also identified. In both studies, we found that Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment results had more overlapping than the gene lists and enriched pathway lists. The visualization of the identified GO hierarchical structures among the enriched GO terms and their associated ancestor terms using GOfox allowed us to find more associations among enriched but often different GO terms, demonstrating the usage of GO hierarchical relations enhance data analysis. Conclusions The ontology-based analysis framework supports standardized representation, integration, and analysis of heterogeneous data of host responses to vaccines. Our study also showed that differences in specific variables might explain different results drawn from similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Ong
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Sun
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kimberly Berke
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guanming Wu
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yongqun He
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Bigildeev AE, Petinati NA, Drize NJ. How Methods of Molecular Biology Shape Our Understanding of the Hematopoietic System. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) must complete a complex and dynamic developmental program during embryogenesis to establish the germline. This process is highly conserved and involves a diverse array of tasks required of PGCs, including migration, survival, sex differentiation, and extensive epigenetic reprogramming. A common theme across many organisms is that PGC success is heterogeneous: only a portion of all PGCs complete all these steps while many other PGCs are eliminated from further germline contribution. The differences that distinguish successful PGCs as a population are not well understood. Here, we examine variation that exists in PGCs as they navigate the many stages of this developmental journey. We explore potential sources of PGC heterogeneity and their potential implications in affecting germ cell behaviors. Lastly, we discuss the potential for PGC development to function as a multistage selection process that assesses heterogeneity in PGCs to refine germline quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca G Jaszczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Diana J Laird
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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41
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Klose M, Florian MC, Gerbaulet A, Geiger H, Glauche I. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dynamics Are Regulated by Progenitor Demand: Lessons from a Quantitative Modeling Approach. Stem Cells 2019; 37:948-957. [PMID: 30897261 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing view on murine hematopoiesis and on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in particular derives from experiments that are related to regeneration after irradiation and HSC transplantation. However, over the past years, different experimental techniques have been developed to investigate hematopoiesis under homeostatic conditions, thereby providing access to proliferation and differentiation rates of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the unperturbed situation. Moreover, it has become clear that hematopoiesis undergoes distinct changes during aging with large effects on HSC abundance, lineage contribution, asymmetry of division, and self-renewal potential. However, it is currently not fully resolved how stem and progenitor cells interact to respond to varying demands and how this balance is altered by an aging-induced shift in HSC polarity. Aiming toward a conceptual understanding, we introduce a novel in silico model to investigate the dynamics of HSC response to varying demand. By introducing an internal feedback within a heterogeneous HSC population, the model is suited to consistently describe both hematopoietic homeostasis and regeneration, including the limited regulation of HSCs in the homeostatic situation. The model further explains the age-dependent increase in phenotypic HSCs as a consequence of the cells' inability to preserve divisional asymmetry. Our model suggests a dynamically regulated population of intrinsically asymmetrically dividing HSCs as suitable control mechanism that adheres with many qualitative and quantitative findings on hematopoietic recovery after stress and aging. The modeling approach thereby illustrates how a mathematical formalism can support both the conceptual and the quantitative understanding of regulatory principles in HSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Klose
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Carolina Florian
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerbaulet
- Institute for Immunology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ingmar Glauche
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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42
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Cakouros D, Gronthos S. Epigenetic Regulation of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Aging: Revealing Epigenetic Signatures associated with Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging. Aging Dis 2019; 10:174-189. [PMID: 30705777 PMCID: PMC6345334 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we explore the importance of epigenetics as a contributing factor for aging adult stem cells. We summarize the latest findings of epigenetic factors deregulated as adult stem cells age and the consequence on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, with a focus on adult stem cells in the bone marrow. With the latest whole genome bisulphite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitations we are able to decipher an emerging pattern common for adult stem cells in the bone marrow niche and how this might correlate to epigenetic enzymes deregulated during aging. We begin by briefly discussing the initial observations in yeast, drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) that led to the breakthrough research that identified the role of epigenetic changes associated with lifespan and aging. We then focus on adult stem cells, specifically in the bone marrow, which lends strong support for the deregulation of DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, acetylates, methyltransferases and demethylases in aging stem cells, and how their corresponding epigenetic modifications influence gene expression and the aging phenotype. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications we envisage “epi” targeted therapy as a means to reprogram aged stem cells into their younger counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Cakouros
- 1Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,2South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- 1Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,2South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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43
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B-cell tumor development in Tet2-deficient mice. Blood Adv 2019; 2:703-714. [PMID: 29581109 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TET2 gene encodes an α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase able to oxidize 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, which is a step toward active DNA demethylation. TET2 is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies but also in B- and T-cell malignancies. TET2 somatic mutations are also identified in healthy elderly individuals with clonal hematopoiesis. Tet2-deficient mouse models showed widespread hematological differentiation abnormalities, including myeloid, T-cell, and B-cell malignancies. We show here that, similar to what is observed with constitutive Tet2-deficient mice, B-cell-specific Tet2 knockout leads to abnormalities in the B1-cell subset and a development of B-cell malignancies after long latency. Aging Tet2-deficient mice accumulate clonal CD19+ B220low immunoglobulin M+ B-cell populations with transplantable ability showing similarities to human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, including CD5 expression and sensitivity to ibrutinib-mediated B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling inhibition. Exome sequencing of Tet2-/- malignant B cells reveals C-to-T and G-to-A mutations that lie within single-stranded DNA-specific activation-induced deaminase (AID)/APOBEC (apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like) cytidine deaminases targeted motif, as confirmed by the lack of a B-cell tumor in compound Tet2-Aicda-deficient mice. Finally, we show that Tet2 deficiency accelerates and exacerbates T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A-induced leukemogenesis. Together, our data establish that Tet2 deficiency predisposes to mature B-cell malignancies, which development might be attributed in part to AID-mediated accumulating mutations and BCR-mediated signaling.
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Clonal-level lineage commitment pathways of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1447-1456. [PMID: 30622181 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801480116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While the aggregate differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population has been extensively studied, little is known about the lineage commitment process of individual HSC clones. Here, we provide lineage commitment maps of HSC clones under homeostasis and after perturbations of the endogenous hematopoietic system. Under homeostasis, all donor-derived HSC clones regenerate blood homogeneously throughout all measured stages and lineages of hematopoiesis. In contrast, after the hematopoietic system has been perturbed by irradiation or by an antagonistic anti-ckit antibody, only a small fraction of donor-derived HSC clones differentiate. Some of these clones dominantly expand and exhibit lineage bias. We identified the cellular origins of clonal dominance and lineage bias and uncovered the lineage commitment pathways that lead HSC clones to different levels of self-renewal and blood production under various transplantation conditions. This study reveals surprising alterations in HSC fate decisions directed by conditioning and identifies the key hematopoiesis stages that may be manipulated to control blood production and balance.
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45
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Xu S, Kim S, Chen ISY, Chou T. Modeling large fluctuations of thousands of clones during hematopoiesis: The role of stem cell self-renewal and bursty progenitor dynamics in rhesus macaque. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006489. [PMID: 30335762 PMCID: PMC6218102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent clone-tracking experiment, millions of uniquely tagged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells were autologously transplanted into rhesus macaques and peripheral blood containing thousands of tags were sampled and sequenced over 14 years to quantify the abundance of hundreds to thousands of tags or “clones.” Two major puzzles of the data have been observed: consistent differences and massive temporal fluctuations of clone populations. The large sample-to-sample variability can lead clones to occasionally go “extinct” but “resurrect” themselves in subsequent samples. Although heterogeneity in HSC differentiation rates, potentially due to tagging, and random sampling of the animals’ blood and cellular demographic stochasticity might be invoked to explain these features, we show that random sampling cannot explain the magnitude of the temporal fluctuations. Moreover, we show through simpler neutral mechanistic and statistical models of hematopoiesis of tagged cells that a broad distribution in clone sizes can arise from stochastic HSC self-renewal instead of tag-induced heterogeneity. The very large clone population fluctuations that often lead to extinctions and resurrections can be naturally explained by a generation-limited proliferation constraint on the progenitor cells. This constraint leads to bursty cell population dynamics underlying the large temporal fluctuations. We analyzed experimental clone abundance data using a new statistic that counts clonal disappearances and provided least-squares estimates of two key model parameters in our model, the total HSC differentiation rate and the maximum number of progenitor-cell divisions. Hematopoiesis of virally tagged cells in rhesus macaques is analyzed in the context of a mechanistic and statistical model. We find that the clone size distribution and the temporal variability in the abundance of each clone (viral tag) in peripheral blood are consistent with (i) stochastic HSC self-renewal during bone marrow repair, (ii) clonal aging that restricts the number of generations of progenitor cells, and (iii) infrequent and small-size samples. By fitting data, we infer two key parameters that control the level of fluctuations of clone sizes in our model: the total HSC differentiation rate and the maximum proliferation capacity of progenitor cells. Our analysis provides insight into the mechanisms of hematopoiesis and a framework to guide future multiclone barcoding/lineage tracking measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Irvin S. Y. Chen
- UCLA AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tom Chou
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee JH, Choi HK, Yang L, Chueng STD, Choi JW, Lee KB. Nondestructive Real-Time Monitoring of Enhanced Stem Cell Differentiation Using a Graphene-Au Hybrid Nanoelectrode Array. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802762. [PMID: 30073706 PMCID: PMC6452898 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted increasing research interest in the field of regenerative medicine because of their unique ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. However, controlling stem cell differentiation efficiently and improving the current destructive characterization methods for monitoring stem cell differentiation are the critical issues. To this end, multifunctional graphene-gold (Au) hybrid nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) to: (i) investigate the effects of combinatorial physicochemical cues on stem cell differentiation, (ii) enhance stem cell differentiation efficiency through biophysical cues, and (iii) characterize stem cell differentiation in a nondestructive real-time manner are developed. Through the synergistic effects of physiochemical properties of graphene and biophysical cues from nanoarrays, the graphene-Au hybrid NEAs facilitate highly enhanced cell adhesion and spreading behaviors. In addition, by varying the dimensions of the graphene-Au hybrid NEAs, improved stem cell differentiation efficiency, resulting from the increased focal adhesion signal, is shown. Furthermore, graphene-Au hybrid NEAs are utilized to monitor osteogenic differentiation of stem cells electrochemically in a nondestructive real-time manner. Collectively, it is believed the unique multifunctional graphene-Au hybrid NEAs can significantly advance stem-cell-based biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, , Tel: +1-848-445-2081
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea, , Tel: +82-2-705-8480
| | - Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea, , Tel: +82-2-705-8480
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, , Tel: +1-848-445-2081
| | - Sy-Tsong Dean Chueng
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, , Tel: +1-848-445-2081
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea, , Tel: +82-2-705-8480
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, , Tel: +1-848-445-2081
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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47
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Konieczny J, Arranz L. Updates on Old and Weary Haematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092567. [PMID: 30158459 PMCID: PMC6163425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood formation, or haematopoiesis, originates from haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whose functions and maintenance are regulated in both cell- and cell non-autonomous ways. The surroundings of HSCs in the bone marrow create a specific niche or microenvironment where HSCs nest that allows them to retain their unique characteristics and respond rapidly to external stimuli. Ageing is accompanied by reduced regenerative capacity of the organism affecting all systems, due to the progressive decline of stem cell functions. This includes blood and HSCs, which contributes to age-related haematological disorders, anaemia, and immunosenescence, among others. Furthermore, chronological ageing is characterised by myeloid and platelet HSC skewing, inflammageing, and expanded clonal haematopoiesis, which may be the result of the accumulation of preleukaemic lesions in HSCs. Intriguingly, haematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukaemia have a high incidence among elderly patients, yet not all individuals with clonal haematopoiesis develop leukaemias. Here, we discuss recent work on these aspects, their potential underlying molecular mechanisms, and the first cues linking age-related changes in the HSC niche to poor HSC maintenance. Future work is needed for a better understanding of haematopoiesis during ageing. This field may open new avenues for HSC rejuvenation and therapeutic strategies in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Konieczny
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lorena Arranz
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
- Young Associate Investigator, Norwegian Center for Molecular Medicine (NCMM), 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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48
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Chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS pathogenesis. Blood 2018; 132:1553-1560. [PMID: 30104218 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-784116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic innate immune signaling in hematopoietic cells is widely described in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and innate immune pathway activation, predominantly via pattern recognition receptors, increases the risk of developing MDS. An inflammatory component to MDS has been reported for many years, but only recently has evidence supported a more direct role of chronic innate immune signaling and associated inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of MDS. Here we review recent findings and discuss relevant questions related to chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS.
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49
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Salas LA, Wiencke JK, Koestler DC, Zhang Z, Christensen BC, Kelsey KT. Tracing human stem cell lineage during development using DNA methylation. Genome Res 2018; 28:1285-1295. [PMID: 30072366 PMCID: PMC6120629 DOI: 10.1101/gr.233213.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell maturation is a fundamental, yet poorly understood aspect of human development. We devised a DNA methylation signature deeply reminiscent of embryonic stem cells (a fetal cell origin signature, FCO) to interrogate the evolving character of multiple human tissues. The cell fraction displaying this FCO signature was highly dependent upon developmental stage (fetal versus adult), and in leukocytes, it described a dynamic transition during the first 5 yr of life. Significant individual variation in the FCO signature of leukocytes was evident at birth, in childhood, and throughout adult life. The genes characterizing the signature included transcription factors and proteins intimately involved in embryonic development. We defined and applied a DNA methylation signature common among human fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells and have shown that this signature traces the lineage of cells and informs the study of stem cell heterogeneity in humans under homeostatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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50
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Xia J, Liu F. Hematopoietic Hierarchy - An Updated Roadmap. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:976-986. [PMID: 29935893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The classical roadmap of hematopoietic hierarchy has been proposed for nearly 20 years and has become a dogma of stem cell research for most types of adult stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, with the development of new technologies such as omics approaches at single-cell resolution, recent studies in vitro and in vivo have suggested that heterogeneity is a common feature of HSCs and their progenies. While these findings broaden our understanding of hematopoiesis, they also challenge the well-accepted hematopoietic hierarchy roadmap. Here, we review recent advances in the hematopoiesis field and provide an updated view to incorporate these new findings as well as to reflect on the complexity of HSCs and their derivatives in development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; http://english.biomembrane.ioz.cas.cn/research/groups/liufeng.
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