1
|
Bae HJ, Shin SJ, Jo SB, Li CJ, Lee DJ, Lee JH, Lee HH, Kim HW, Lee JH. Cyclic stretch induced epigenetic activation of periodontal ligament cells. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101050. [PMID: 38654935 PMCID: PMC11035113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play a crucial role in maintaining periodontal integrity and function by providing cell sources for ligament regeneration. While biophysical stimulation is known to regulate cell behaviors and functions, its impact on epigenetics of PDL cells has not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the cytoskeletal changes, epigenetic modifications, and lineage commitment of PDL cells following the application of stretch stimuli to PDL. PDL cells were subjected to stretching (0.1 Hz, 10 %). Subsequently, changes in focal adhesion, tubulin, and histone modification were observed. The survival ability in inflammatory conditions was also evaluated. Furthermore, using a rat hypo-occlusion model, we verified whether these phenomena are observed in vivo. Stretched PDL cells showed maximal histone 3 acetylation (H3Ace) at 2 h, aligning perpendicularly to the stretch direction. RNA sequencing revealed stretching altered gene sets related to mechanotransduction, histone modification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and differentiation. We further found that anchorage, cell elongation, and actin/microtubule acetylation were highly upregulated with mechanosensitive chromatin remodelers such as H3Ace and histone H3 trimethyl lysine 9 (H3K9me3) adopting euchromatin status. Inhibitor studies showed mechanotransduction-mediated chromatin modification alters PDL cells behaviors. Stretched PDL cells displayed enhanced survival against bacterial toxin (C12-HSL) or ROS (H2O2) attack. Furthermore, cyclic stretch priming enhanced the osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation potential of PDL cells, as evidenced by upregulation of lineage-specific genes. In vivo, PDL cells from normally loaded teeth displayed an elongated morphology and higher levels of H3Ace compared to PDL cells with hypo-occlusion, where mechanical stimulus is removed. Overall, these data strongly link external physical forces to subsequent mechanotransduction and epigenetic changes, impacting gene expression and multiple cellular behaviors, providing important implications in cell biology and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jin Bae
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Jo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Ji Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Histology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guan G, Abulaiti A, Qu C, Chen CC, Gu Z, Yang J, Zhang T, Chen X, Zhou Z, Lu F, Chen X. Multi-omics panoramic analysis of HBV integration, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic modifications in PLC/PRF/5 cell line. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29614. [PMID: 38647071 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The clearance or transcriptional silencing of integrated HBV DNA is crucial for achieving a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. The PLC/PRF/5 cell line is commonly used as an in vitro model for studying HBV integration. In this study, we employed a range of multi-omics techniques to gain a panoramic understanding of the characteristics of HBV integration in PLC/PRF/5 cells and to reveal the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of integrated HBV DNA. Transcriptome long-read sequencing (ONT) was conducted to analyze and characterize the transcriptional activity of different HBV DNA integration sites in PLC/PRF/5 cells. Additionally, we collected data related to epigenetic regulation, including whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), histone chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and assays for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), to explore the potential mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of integrated HBV DNA. Long-read RNA sequencing analysis revealed significant transcriptional differences at various integration sites in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line, with higher HBV DNA transcription levels at integration sites on chr11, chr13, and the chr13/chr5 fusion chromosome t (13:5). Combining long-read DNA and RNA sequencing results, we found that transcription of integrated HBV DNA generally starts downstream of the SP1, SP2, or XP promoters. ATAC-seq data confirmed that chromatin accessibility has limited influence on the transcription of integrated HBV DNA in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line. Analysis of WGBS data showed that the methylation intensity of integrated HBV DNA was highly negatively correlated with its transcription level (r = -0.8929, p = 0.0123). After AzaD treatment, the transcription level of integrated HBV DNA significantly increased, especially for the integration chr17, which had the highest level of methylation. Through ChIP-seq data, we observed the association between histone modification of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 with the transcription of integrated HBV DNA. Our findings suggest that the SP1, SP2 and XP in integrated HBV DNA, methylation level of surrounding host chromosome, and histone modifications affect the transcription of integrated HBV DNA in PLC/PRF/5 cells. This provides important clues for future studies on the expression and regulatory mechanisms of integrated HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiwen Guan
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Abudurexiti Abulaiti
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxiao Qu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chia-Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Heart and Lung Institute Faculty of Medicine (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhiqiang Gu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhootra S, Jill N, Shanmugam G, Rakshit S, Sarkar K. DNA methylation and cancer: transcriptional regulation, prognostic, and therapeutic perspective. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 40:71. [PMID: 36602616 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one among the major grounds of cancer progression which is characterized by the addition of a methyl group to the promoter region of the gene thereby causing gene silencing or increasing the probability of mutations; however, in bacteria, methylation is used as a defense mechanism where DNA protection is by addition of methyl groups making restriction enzymes unable to cleave. Hypermethylation and hypomethylation both pose as leading causes of oncogenesis; the former being more frequent which occurs at the CpG islands present in the promoter region of the genes, whereas the latter occurs globally in various genomic sequences. Reviewing methylation profiles would help in the detection and treatment of cancers. Demethylation is defined as preventing methyl group addition to the cytosine DNA base which could cause cancers in case of global hypomethylation, however, upon further investigation; it could be used as a therapeutic tool as well as for drug design in cancer treatment. In this review, we have studied the molecules that induce and enzymes (DNMTs) that bring about methylation as well as comprehend the correlation between methylation with transcription factors and various signaling pathways. DNA methylation has also been reviewed in terms of how it could serve as a prognostic marker and the various therapeutic drugs that have come into the market for reversing methylation opening an avenue toward curing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sannidhi Bhootra
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Nandana Jill
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Geetha Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sudeshna Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weng H, Huang H, Chen J. N 6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:105-123. [PMID: 38228961 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Over 170 nucleotide variants have been discovered in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs so far. However, only a few of them, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A), could be mapped in the transcriptome. These RNA modifications appear to be dynamically regulated, with writer, eraser, and reader proteins being identified for each modification. As a result, there is a growing interest in studying their biological impacts on normal bioprocesses and tumorigenesis over the past few years. As the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, m6A plays a vital role in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA fate via regulating almost all aspects of mRNA metabolism, including RNA splicing, nuclear export, RNA stability, and translation. Studies on mRNA m6A modification serve as a great example for exploring other modifications on mRNA. In this chapter, we will review recent advances in the study of biological functions and regulation of mRNA modifications, specifically m6A, in both normal hematopoiesis and malignant hematopoiesis. We will also discuss the potential of targeting mRNA modifications as a treatment for hematopoietic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyou Weng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huilin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sparavier A, Di Croce L. Polycomb complexes in MLL-AF9-related leukemias. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101920. [PMID: 35609423 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
t(9;11)-Induced leukemia is present both in children and adults, and depending on age, can cause predominantly acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively. In general, in infants, it is characterized by poor (ALL) or intermediate (AML) prognosis, whereas in adults, it is classified as being of intermediate-high risk [15,24,31]. Its hallmark is the chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 11, leading to the formation of the MLL-AF9 fusion gene. The expressed chimeric protein was shown to be crucial for leukemia progression. MLL-AF9 recruits - among other factors - the super elongation complex (SEC), leading to aberrant activation of target genes [4,5,9,17,24]. The Polycomb group of proteins plays crucial roles in many processes, such as embryogenesis, differentiation, and maintaining cell homeostasis, and recently reports linking it to MLL-AF9 have emerged. This review will focus on its role in t(9;11)-related leukemia, highlighting the possible therapeutic-targeting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sparavier
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain. https://twitter.com/ASparavier
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain. https://twitter.com/ludicroce
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Y, Kueh AJ, Grant ZL, Abeysekera W, Garnham AL, Wilcox S, Hyland CD, Di Rago L, Metcalf D, Alexander WS, Coultas L, Smyth GK, Voss AK, Thomas T. The histone lysine acetyltransferase HBO1 (KAT7) regulates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and self-renewal. Blood 2022; 139:845-858. [PMID: 34724565 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase HBO1 (MYST2, KAT7) is indispensable for postgastrulation development, histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14Ac), and the expression of embryonic patterning genes. In this study, we report the role of HBO1 in regulating hematopoietic stem cell function in adult hematopoiesis. We used 2 complementary cre-recombinase transgenes to conditionally delete Hbo1 (Mx1-Cre and Rosa26-CreERT2). Hbo1-null mice became moribund due to hematopoietic failure with pancytopenia in the blood and bone marrow 2 to 6 weeks after Hbo1 deletion. Hbo1-deleted bone marrow cells failed to repopulate hemoablated recipients in competitive transplantation experiments. Hbo1 deletion caused a rapid loss of hematopoietic progenitors. The numbers of lineage-restricted progenitors for the erythroid, myeloid, B-, and T-cell lineages were reduced. Loss of HBO1 resulted in an abnormally high rate of recruitment of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into the cell cycle. Cycling HSCs produced progenitors at the expense of self-renewal, which led to the exhaustion of the HSC pool. Mechanistically, genes important for HSC functions were downregulated in HSC-enriched cell populations after Hbo1 deletion, including genes essential for HSC quiescence and self-renewal, such as Mpl, Tek(Tie-2), Gfi1b, Egr1, Tal1(Scl), Gata2, Erg, Pbx1, Meis1, and Hox9, as well as genes important for multipotent progenitor cells and lineage-specific progenitor cells, such as Gata1. HBO1 was required for H3K14Ac through the genome and particularly at gene loci required for HSC quiescence and self-renewal. Our data indicate that HBO1 promotes the expression of a transcription factor network essential for HSC maintenance and self-renewal in adult hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Zoe L Grant
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Craig D Hyland
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Don Metcalf
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Leigh Coultas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kurtz KJ, Conneely SE, O'Keefe M, Wohlan K, Rau RE. Murine Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:854973. [PMID: 35756660 PMCID: PMC9214208 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.854973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy. Extensive sequencing efforts have mapped the genomic landscape of adult and pediatric AML revealing a number of biologically and prognostically relevant driver lesions. Beyond identifying recurrent genetic aberrations, it is of critical importance to fully delineate the complex mechanisms by which they contribute to the initiation and evolution of disease to ultimately facilitate the development of targeted therapies. Towards these aims, murine models of AML are indispensable research tools. The rapid evolution of genetic engineering techniques over the past 20 years has greatly advanced the use of murine models to mirror specific genetic subtypes of human AML, define cell-intrinsic and extrinsic disease mechanisms, study the interaction between co-occurring genetic lesions, and test novel therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the mouse model systems that have been developed to recapitulate the most common genomic subtypes of AML. We will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varying modeling strategies, highlight major discoveries emanating from these model systems, and outline future opportunities to leverage emerging technologies for mechanistic and preclinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Kurtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shannon E Conneely
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Madeleine O'Keefe
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katharina Wohlan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rachel E Rau
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Berthelet J, Michail C, Bui LC, Le Coadou L, Sirri V, Wang L, Dulphy N, Dupret JM, Chomienne C, Guidez F, Rodrigues-Lima F. The benzene hematotoxic and reactive metabolite 1,4-benzoquinone impairs the activity of the histone methyltransferase SETD2 and causes aberrant H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3). Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:283-294. [PMID: 34266924 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human SETD2 is the unique histone methyltransferase that generates H3K36me3, an epigenetic mark that plays a key role in normal hematopoiesis. Interestingly, recurrent-inactivating mutations of SETD2 and aberrant H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) are increasingly reported to be involved in hematopoietic malignancies. Benzene (BZ) is an ubiquitous environmental pollutant and carcinogen that causes leukemia. The leukemogenic properties of BZ depend on its biotransformation in the bone marrow into oxidative metabolites in particular 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ). This hematotoxic metabolite can form DNA and protein adducts that result in the damage and the alteration of cellular processes. Recent studies suggest that BZ-depend leukemogenesis could depend on epigenetic perturbations notably aberrant histone methylation. We investigated whether H3K36 trimethylation by SETD2 could be impacted by BZ and its hematotoxic metabolites. Herein, we show that BQ, the major leukemogenic metabolite of BZ, inhibits irreversibly the human histone methyltransferase SETD2 resulting in decreased H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3). Our mechanistic studies further indicate that the BQ-dependent inactivation of SETD2 is due to covalent binding of BQ to reactive Zn-finger cysteines within the catalytic domain of the enzyme. The formation of these quinoprotein adducts results in loss of enzyme activity and protein cross-links/oligomers. Experiments conducted in hematopoietic cells confirm that exposure to BQ results in the formation of SETD2 cross-links/oligomers and concomitant loss of H3K36me3 in cells. Taken together, our data indicate that BQ, a major hematotoxic metabolite of BZ could contribute to BZ-dependent leukemogenesis by perturbing the functions of SETD2, an histone lysine methyltransferase of hematopoietic relevance. Significance Statement Benzoquinone is a major leukemogenic metabolite of benzene. Dysregulation of histone methyltransferase is involved in hematopoietic malignancies. We found that benzoquinone irreversibly impairs SETD2, a histone H3K36 methyltransferase that plays a key role in hematopoiesis. Benzoquinone forms covalent adducts on Zn-finger cysteines within the catalytic site leading to loss of activity, protein cross-links/oligomers and concomitant decrease of H3K36me3 histone mark. Our data provide evidence that a leukemogenic metabolite of benzene can impair a key epigenetic enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang LY, Hsu DW, Pears CJ. Methylation-directed acetylation of histone H3 regulates developmental sensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3781-3795. [PMID: 33721015 PMCID: PMC8053100 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxamate-based lysine deacetylase inhibitors (KDACis) are approved for clinical use against certain cancers. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance presents a major problem. Treatment of cells with hydroxamates such as trichostatin A (TSA) leads to rapid preferential acetylation of histone H3 already trimethylated on lysine 4 (H3K4me3), although the importance of this H3K4me3-directed acetylation in the biological consequences of KDACi treatment is not known. We address this utilizing Dictyostelium discoideum strains lacking H3K4me3 due to disruption of the gene encoding the Set1 methyltransferase or mutations in endogenous H3 genes. Loss of H3K4me3 confers resistance to TSA-induced developmental inhibition and delays accumulation of H3K9Ac and H3K14Ac. H3K4me3-directed H3Ac is mediated by Sgf29, a subunit of the SAGA acetyltransferase complex that interacts with H3K4me3 via a tandem tudor domain (TTD). We identify an Sgf29 orthologue in Dictyostelium with a TTD that specifically recognizes the H3K4me3 modification. Disruption of the gene encoding Sgf29 delays accumulation of H3K9Ac and abrogates H3K4me3-directed H3Ac. Either loss or overexpression of Sgf29 confers developmental resistance to TSA. Our results demonstrate that rapid acetylation of H3K4me3 histones regulates developmental sensitivity to TSA. Levels of H3K4me3 or Sgf29 will provide useful biomarkers for sensitivity to this class of chemotherapeutic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Duen-Wei Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Catherine J Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nita A, Muto Y, Katayama Y, Matsumoto A, Nishiyama M, Nakayama KI. The autism-related protein CHD8 contributes to the stemness and differentiation of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108688. [PMID: 33535054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) is an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor that is encoded by the most frequently mutated gene in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. CHD8 is expressed not only in neural tissues but also in many other organs; however, its functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that CHD8 is highly expressed in and maintains the stemness of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Conditional deletion of Chd8 specifically in mouse bone marrow induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and a differentiation block in HSCs in association with upregulation of the expression of p53 target genes. A colony formation assay and bone marrow transplantation reveal that CHD8 deficiency also compromises the stemness of HSCs. Furthermore, additional ablation of p53 rescues the impaired stem cell function and differentiation block of CHD8-deficient HSCs. Our results thus suggest that the CHD8-p53 axis plays a key role in regulation of the stemness and differentiation of HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Muto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Randall C, Fedoriw Y. Pathology and diagnosis of follicular lymphoma and related entities. Pathology 2019; 52:30-39. [PMID: 31791624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, mature B-cell neoplasm classically characterised by the t(14;18)(q32;q21) with constitutive overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein, BCL2. Most cases present in older adults with slowly progressive lymphadenopathy and follow an indolent clinical course. Typical morphology shows an expansile follicular proliferation with tumour expression of germinal centre markers, and bone marrow involvement at diagnosis is frequent. However, in the recent past, efforts to understand the biological and clinical heterogeneity of FL has effected significant change to the diagnostic approach. While morphological grade, assessed by enumerating large 'centroblasts' in the neoplastic follicles, generally correlates with outcome in systemic nodal FL, variants with high-grade morphology but indolent clinical behaviour have been identified. Given the clinical implications of these FL variants, knowledge of their clinical and histopathological defining features is of paramount importance to the pathologist. Furthermore, as with many areas of diagnostic oncology, precursors to FL have been identified and described with measurable rates of progression to bona fide lymphoma. Accurate diagnosis of these early lesions can often prevent unnecessary therapy and guide appropriate monitoring for disease progression. This review aims to summarise these key pathological and diagnostic features of FL. We further highlight the biological underpinnings of FL that will likely affect the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Randall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, University of North Carolina, NC Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, University of North Carolina, NC Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effect of imbalance in folate and vitamin B12 in maternal/parental diet on global methylation and regulatory miRNAs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17602. [PMID: 31772242 PMCID: PMC6879517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, a central component of the epigenetic network is altered in response to nutritional influences. In one-carbon cycle, folate acts as a one-carbon carrier and vitamin B12 acts as co-factor for the enzyme methionine synthase. Both folate and vitamin B12 are the important regulators of DNA methylation which play an important role in development in early life. Previous studies carried out in this regard have shown the individual effects of these vitamins but recently the focus has been to study the combined effects of both the vitamins during pregnancy. Therefore, this study was planned to elucidate the effect of the altered dietary ratio of folate and B12 on the expression of transporters, related miRNAs and DNA methylation in C57BL/6 mice. Female mice were fed diets with 9 combinations of folate and B12 for 4 weeks. They were mated and off-springs born (F1) were continued on the same diet for 6 weeks post-weaning. Maternal and fetal (F2) tissues were collected at day 20 of gestation. Deficient state of folate led to an increase in the expression of folate transporters in both F1 and F2 generations, however, B12 deficiency (BDFN) also led to an increase in the expression in both the generations. B12 transporters/proteins were found to be increased with B12 deficiency in F1 and F2 generations except for TC-II in the kidney which was found to be decreased in the F1 generation. miR-483 was found to be increased with all conditions of folate and B12 in both F1 and F2 generations, however, deficient conditions of B12 led to an increase in the expression of miR-221 in both F1 and F2 generations. The level of miR-133 was found to be increased in BDFN group in F1 generation however; in F2 generation the change in expression was tissue and sex-specific. Global DNA methylation was decreased with deficiency of both folate and B12 in maternal tissues (F1) but increased with folate deficiency in placenta (F1) and under all conditions in fetal tissues (F2). DNA methyltransferases were overall found to be increased with deficiency of folate and B12 in both F1 and F2 generations. Results suggest that the dietary ratio of folate and B12 resulted in altered expression of transporters, miRNAs, and genomic DNA methylation in association with DNMTs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Teixeira SR, Abreu CM, Parkes L, Davies J, Yao S, Sawhney MA, Margarit L, Gonzalez D, Pinto IM, Francis LW, Conlan RS. Direct monitoring of breast and endometrial cancer cell epigenetic response to DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111386. [PMID: 31220725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are key epigenetic processes involved in normal cellular function and tumorigenesis. Therapeutic strategies based on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently in use and under development for the treatment of cancers. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling has been proposed for use in disease diagnosis, and histone modification profiling for disease stratification will follow suit. However, whether epigenome sequencing technologies will be feasible for rapid clinic diagnosis and patient treatment monitoring remains to be seen, and alternative detection technologies will almost certainly be needed. Here we used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) employing a graphene-based screen-printed electrode system to directly measure global DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation to compare non-cancer and breast cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that whilst global methylation was not useful as a differential marker in the cellular systems tested, histone H3 acetylation was effective at higher chromatin levels. Using breast and endometrial cancer cell models, EIS was then used to monitor cellular responses to the DNMT and HDAC inhibitors 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in vitro, and proved very effective at detecting global cellular responses to either treatment, indicating that this approach could be useful in following treatment response to epigenetic drugs. Moreover, this work reports the first combined analysis of two epigenetic markers using a unified graphene-based biosensor platform, demonstrating the potential for multiplex analysis of both methylation and acetylation on the same sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Teixeira
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - C M Abreu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Portugal
| | - L Parkes
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J Davies
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Yao
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M A Sawhney
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - L Margarit
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Abertawe Bro Morganwg University Health Board, Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend, UK
| | - D Gonzalez
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - I Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Portugal
| | - L W Francis
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R S Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fratta E, Montico B, Rizzo A, Colizzi F, Sigalotti L, Dolcetti R. Epimutational profile of hematologic malignancies as attractive target for new epigenetic therapies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57327-57350. [PMID: 27329599 PMCID: PMC5302993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, recurrent somatic mutations in epigenetic regulators have been identified in patients with hematological malignancies. Furthermore, chromosomal translocations in which the fusion protein partners are themselves epigenetic regulators or where epigenetic regulators are recruited/targeted by oncogenic fusion proteins have also been described. Evidence has accumulated showing that "epigenetic drugs" are likely to provide clinical benefits in several hematological malignancies, granting their approval for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. A large number of pre-clinical and clinical trials evaluating epigenetic drugs alone or in combination therapies are ongoing. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of known epigenetic alterations and of the current use of epigenetic drugs for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Fratta
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Tian H, Cai W, Lian Z, Bhavanasi D, Wu C, Sato T, Kurokawa M, Wu D, Fu L, Wang H, Shen H, Liang D, Huang J. Tracking hematopoietic precursor division ex vivo in real time. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:16. [PMID: 29361987 PMCID: PMC5781326 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying the division of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and malignant precursors would improve our understanding of the basis of stem cell-fate decisions and oncogenic transformation. METHODS Using a novel reporter of hematopoietic precursor, Evi1-GFP, we tracked the division of hematopoietic precursors in culture in real time. RESULTS First, we confirmed that Evi1-GFP is a faithful reporter of HSC activity and identified three dividing patterns of HSCs: symmetric renewal, symmetric differentiation, and asymmetric division. Moreover, we found that the cytokine and growth factor combination (STIF) promotes symmetric renewal, whereas OP9 stromal cells balance symmetric renewal and differentiation of HSCs ex vivo. Interestingly, we found that Tet2 knockout HSCs underwent more symmetric differentiation in culture compared with the wild-type control. Intriguingly, OP9 stromal cells reverse the phenotype of Tet2 knockout HSCs ex vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tet2 -/- ;Flt3ITD acute myeloid leukemia (AML) precursors primarily underwent symmetric renewal divisions in culture. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that inhibiting DNA methylation can reverse the aberrant division phenotypes of Tet2 -/- and Tet2 -/- ;FLT3ITD precursors, suggesting that abnormal DNA methylation plays an important role in controlling (pre-)leukemic precursor fate decision ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study exploited a new system to explore the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of benign and malignant hematopoietic precursor division ex vivo. The knowledge learned from these studies will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of HSC fate decision and leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dheeraj Bhavanasi
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Z, Nikolai BC, Gates LA, Jung SY, Siwak EB, He B, Rice AP, O'Malley BW, Feng Q. Crosstalk between histone modifications indicates that inhibition of arginine methyltransferase CARM1 activity reverses HIV latency. Nucleic Acids Res 2017. [PMID: 28637181 PMCID: PMC5766202 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the gene expression status is strictly controlled by epigenetic modifications on chromatin. The repressive status of chromatin largely contributes to HIV latency. Studies have shown that modification of histone H3K27 acts as a key molecular switch for activation or suppression of many cellular genes. In this study, we found that K27-acetylated histone H3 specifically recruited Super Elongation Complex (SEC), the transcriptional elongation complex essential for HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-mediated and general cellular transcription. Interestingly, H3K27 acetylation further stimulates H3R26 methylation, which subsequently abrogates the recruitment of SEC, forming a negative feedback regulatory loop. Importantly, by inhibiting methyltransferase activity of CARM1, the enzyme responsible for H3R26 methylation, HIV-1 transcription is reactivated in several HIV latency cell models, including a primary resting CD4+ T cell model. When combined with other latency disrupting compounds such as JQ1 or vorinostat/SAHA, the CARM1 inhibitor achieved synergistic effects on HIV-1 activation. This study suggests that coordinated and dynamic modifications at histone H3K27 and H3R26 orchestrate HIV-1 LTR-mediated transcription, and potentially opens a new avenue to disrupt latent HIV-1 infection by targeting specific epigenetic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bryan C Nikolai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leah A Gates
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward B Siwak
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine-Hematology & Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew P Rice
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qin Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sheikh BN, Metcalf D, Voss AK, Thomas T. MOZ and BMI1 act synergistically to maintain hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2017; 47:83-97.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Polycomb complexes PRC1 and their function in hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2017; 48:12-31. [PMID: 28087428 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are continuously produced, is one of the best studied differentiation pathways. Hematological diseases are associated with reiterated mutations in genes encoding important gene expression regulators, including chromatin regulators. Among them, the Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins is an essential system of gene silencing involved in the maintenance of cell identities during differentiation. PcG proteins assemble into two major types of Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) endowed with distinct histone-tail-modifying activities. PRC1 complexes are histone H2A E3 ubiquitin ligases and PRC2 trimethylates histone H3. Established conceptions about their activities, mostly derived from work in embryonic stem cells, are being modified by new findings in differentiated cells. Here, we focus on PRC1 complexes, reviewing recent evidence on their intricate architecture, the diverse mechanisms of their recruitment to targets, and the different ways in which they engage in transcriptional control. We also discuss hematopoietic PRC1 gain- and loss-of-function mouse strains, including those that model leukemic and lymphoma diseases, in the belief that these genetic analyses provide the ultimate test for molecular mechanisms driving normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun L, Fang J. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4493-4515. [PMID: 27392607 PMCID: PMC5459373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process for morphogenesis and organ development which reversibly enables polarized epithelial cells to lose their epithelial characteristics and to acquire mesenchymal properties. It is now evident that the aberrant activation of EMT is also a critical mechanism to endow epithelial cancer cells with migratory and invasive capabilities associated with metastatic competence. This dedifferentiation program is mediated by a small cohort of pleiotropic transcription factors which orchestrate a complex array of epigenetic mechanisms for the wide-spread changes in gene expression. Here, we review major epigenetic mechanisms with an emphasis on histone modifications and discuss their implications in EMT and tumor progression. We also highlight mechanisms underlying transcription regulation concerted by various chromatin-modifying proteins and EMT-inducing transcription factors at different molecular layers. Owing to the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, a thorough understanding of their functions in EMT will not only provide new insights into our knowledge of cancer progression and metastasis, but also facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for human malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Sun
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jia Fang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arribas AJ, Bertoni F. Methylation patterns in marginal zone lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 30:24-31. [PMID: 28288713 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Promoter DNA methylation is a major regulator of gene expression and transcription. The identification of methylation changes is important for understanding disease pathogenesis, for identifying prognostic markers and can drive novel therapeutic approaches. In this review we summarize the current knowledge regarding DNA methylation in MALT lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Despite important differences in the study design for different publications and the existence of a sole large and genome-wide methylation study for splenic marginal zone lymphoma, it is clear that DNA methylation plays an important role in marginal zone lymphomas, in which it contributes to the inactivation of tumor suppressors but also to the expression of genes sustaining tumor cell survival and proliferation. Existing preclinical data provide the rationale to target the methylation machinery in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Arribas
- Lymphoma & Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Lymphoma & Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The chromatin-associated Sin3B protein is required for hematopoietic stem cell functions in mice. Blood 2016; 129:60-70. [PMID: 27806947 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-721746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside at the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy and are the origin of all blood cells produced throughout an individual's life. The balance between HSC self-renewal and differentiation is maintained by various intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Among these, the molecular pathways that restrict cell cycle progression are critical to the maintenance of functional HSCs. Alterations in the regulation of cell cycle progression in HSCs invariably lead to the development of hematologic malignancies or bone marrow failure syndromes. Here we report that hematopoietic-specific genetic inactivation of Sin3B, an essential component of the mammalian Sin3-histone deacetylase corepressor complex, severely impairs the competitive repopulation capacity of HSCs. Sin3B-deleted HSCs accumulate and fail to properly differentiate following transplantation. Moreover, Sin3B inactivation impairs HSC quiescence and sensitizes mice to myelosuppressive therapy. Together, these results identify Sin3B as a novel and critical regulator of HSC functions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Butler JS, Qiu YH, Zhang N, Yoo SY, Coombes KR, Dent SYR, Kornblau SM. Low expression of ASH2L protein correlates with a favorable outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1207-1218. [PMID: 28185526 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1235272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ASH2L encodes a trithorax group protein that is a core component of all characterized mammalian histone H3K4 methyltransferase complexes, including mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) complexes. ASH2L protein levels in primary leukemia patient samples have not yet been defined. We analyzed ASH2L protein expression in 511 primary AML patient samples using reverse phase protein array (RPPA) technology. We discovered that ASH2L expression is significantly increased in a subset of patients carrying fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations. Furthermore, we observed that low levels of ASH2L are associated with increased overall survival. We also compared ASH2L levels to the expression of 230 proteins previously analyzed on this array. ASH2L expression was inversely correlated with 32 proteins, mostly involved in cell adhesion and cell cycle inhibition, while a positive correlation was observed for 50 proteins, many of which promote cell proliferation. Together, these results indicate that a lower level of ASH2L protein is beneficial to AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Butler
- a Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Science Park , Smithville , TX , USA.,b Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yi Hua Qiu
- c Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | | | - Suk-Young Yoo
- e Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- f Department of Biomedical Informatics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- a Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Science Park , Smithville , TX , USA.,b Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- c Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yamane T, Ito C, Washino A, Isono K, Yamazaki H. Repression of Primitive Erythroid Program Is Critical for the Initiation of Multi-Lineage Hematopoiesis in Mouse Development. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:323-330. [PMID: 27171571 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the hematopoietic cells occurs in multiple steps. The first hematopoietic cells observed during ontogeny are primitive erythrocytes, which are produced in the early yolk sac within a limited temporal window. Multi-lineage hematopoiesis, which supplies almost the entire repertoire of blood cell lineages, lags behind primitive erythropoiesis in the tissue. However, molecular mechanisms regulating sequential generation of primitive erythrocytes and multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in the yolk sac are largely unknown. In this study, the transcription factors involved in the development of hematopoietic cells were examined in purified progenitor cell populations from pluripotent stem cell cultures and from the yolk sac of developing embryos. We found that the earliest committed hematopoietic progenitors highly expressed Gata1, Scl/tal1, and Klf1 genes. Expression of these transcription factors, which is known to form a core erythroid transcriptional network, explained the prompt generation of primitive erythrocytes from these earliest progenitors. Importantly, the multipotent hematopoietic cells, which lack the differentiation potential into primitive erythroid cells, down-regulated these genes during a transition from the earliest committed progenitors. In addition, we showed that Pu.1 is involved in the multipotent cell differentiation through the suppression of erythroid transcription program. We propose that these molecular mechanisms governed by transcription factors form sequential waves of primitive erythropoiesis and multi-lineage hematopoiesis in the early yolk sac of developing embryos. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 323-330, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamane
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
| | - Chie Ito
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Aya Washino
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kana Isono
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamazaki
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent genome sequencing studies have identified a broad spectrum of gene mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The purpose of this review is to outline the latest advances in our understanding of how these mutations contribute to the formation of T-ALL. RECENT FINDINGS Aberrant expression of transcription factors that control hematopoiesis can induce an aberrant stem cell-like program in T-cell progenitors, allowing the emergence of an ancestral or preleukemic stem cell (pre-LSC). In contrast, gain-of-function mutations of genes involved in signaling pathways regulating T-cell development, such as NOTCH1, interleukin-7, KIT and FLT3, are insufficient per se to initiate T-ALL but promote pre-LSC growth independent of the thymic niche. Loss-of-function mutations of epigenetic regulators, such as DNMT3A, have been identified in T-ALL, but their role in leukemogenesis remains to be defined. SUMMARY Relapse is associated with clonal evolution from a population of pre-LSCs that acquire the whole set of malignant mutations leading to a full-blown T-ALL. Understanding the genetic events that underpin the pre-LSC will be crucial for reducing the risk of relapse.
Collapse
|
25
|
Burg JM, Link JE, Morgan BS, Heller FJ, Hargrove AE, McCafferty DG. KDM1 class flavin-dependent protein lysine demethylases. Biopolymers 2015; 104:213-46. [PMID: 25787087 PMCID: PMC4747437 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent, lysine-specific protein demethylases (KDM1s) are a subfamily of amine oxidases that catalyze the selective posttranslational oxidative demethylation of methyllysine side chains within protein and peptide substrates. KDM1s participate in the widespread epigenetic regulation of both normal and disease state transcriptional programs. Their activities are central to various cellular functions, such as hematopoietic and neuronal differentiation, cancer proliferation and metastasis, and viral lytic replication and establishment of latency. Interestingly, KDM1s function as catalytic subunits within complexes with coregulatory molecules that modulate enzymatic activity of the demethylases and coordinate their access to specific substrates at distinct sites within the cell and chromatin. Although several classes of KDM1-selective small molecule inhibitors have been recently developed, these pan-active site inhibition strategies lack the ability to selectively discriminate between KDM1 activity in specific, and occasionally opposing, functional contexts within these complexes. Here we review the discovery of this class of demethylases, their structures, chemical mechanisms, and specificity. Additionally, we review inhibition of this class of enzymes as well as emerging interactions with coregulatory molecules that regulate demethylase activity in highly specific functional contexts of biological and potential therapeutic importance.
Collapse
|
26
|
Polycomb repressive complex 2 component Suz12 is required for hematopoietic stem cell function and lymphopoiesis. Blood 2015; 126:167-75. [PMID: 26036803 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-615898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a chromatin modifier that regulates stem cells in embryonic and adult tissues. Loss-of-function studies of PRC2 components have been complicated by early embryonic dependence on PRC2 activity and the partial functional redundancy of enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (Ezh1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), which encode the enzymatic component of PRC2. Here, we investigated the role of PRC2 in hematopoiesis by conditional deletion of suppressor of zeste 12 protein homolog (Suz12), a core component of PRC2. Complete loss of Suz12 resulted in failure of hematopoiesis, both in the embryo and the adult, with a loss of maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In contrast, partial loss of PRC2 enhanced HSC self-renewal. Although Suz12 was required for lymphoid development, deletion in individual blood cell lineages revealed that it was dispensable for the development of granulocytic, monocytic, and megakaryocytic cells. Collectively, these data reveal the multifaceted role of PRC2 in hematopoiesis, with divergent dose-dependent effects in HSC and distinct roles in maturing blood cells. Because PRC2 is a potential target for cancer therapy, the significant consequences of modest changes in PRC2 activity, as well as the cell and developmental stage-specific effects, will need to be carefully considered in any therapeutic context.
Collapse
|
27
|
MOZ regulates B-cell progenitors and, consequently, Moz haploinsufficiency dramatically retards MYC-induced lymphoma development. Blood 2015; 125:1910-21. [PMID: 25605372 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-594655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase MOZ (MYST3, KAT6A) is the target of recurrent chromosomal translocations fusing the MOZ gene to CBP, p300, NCOA3, or TIF2 in particularly aggressive cases of acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we report the role of wild-type MOZ in regulating B-cell progenitor proliferation and hematopoietic malignancy. In the Eμ-Myc model of aggressive pre-B/B-cell lymphoma, the loss of just one allele of Moz increased the median survival of mice by 3.9-fold. MOZ was required to maintain the proliferative capacity of B-cell progenitors, even in the presence of c-MYC overexpression, by directly maintaining the transcriptional activity of genes required for normal B-cell development. Hence, B-cell progenitor numbers were significantly reduced in Moz haploinsufficient animals. Interestingly, we find a significant overlap in genes regulated by MOZ, mixed lineage leukemia 1, and mixed lineage leukemia 1 cofactor menin. This includes Meis1, a TALE class homeobox transcription factor required for B-cell development, characteristically upregulated as a result of MLL1 translocations in leukemia. We demonstrate that MOZ localizes to the Meis1 locus in pre-B-cells and maintains Meis1 expression. Our results suggest that even partial inhibition of MOZ may reduce the proliferative capacity of MEIS1, and HOX-driven lymphoma and leukemia cells.
Collapse
|
28
|
You L, Zou J, Zhao H, Bertos NR, Park M, Wang E, Yang XJ. Deficiency of the chromatin regulator BRPF1 causes abnormal brain development. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7114-29. [PMID: 25568313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are important in different neurological disorders, and one such mechanism is histone acetylation. The multivalent chromatin regulator BRPF1 (bromodomain- and plant homeodomain-linked (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein 1) recognizes different epigenetic marks and activates three histone acetyltransferases, so it is both a reader and a co-writer of the epigenetic language. The three histone acetyltransferases are MOZ, MORF, and HBO1, which are also known as lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A), KAT6B, and KAT7, respectively. The MORF gene is mutated in four neurodevelopmental disorders sharing the characteristic of intellectual disability and frequently displaying callosal agenesis. Here, we report that forebrain-specific inactivation of the mouse Brpf1 gene caused early postnatal lethality, neocortical abnormalities, and partial callosal agenesis. With respect to the control, the mutant forebrain contained fewer Tbr2-positive intermediate neuronal progenitors and displayed aberrant neurogenesis. Molecularly, Brpf1 loss led to decreased transcription of multiple genes, such as Robo3 and Otx1, important for neocortical development. Surprisingly, elevated expression of different Hox genes and various other transcription factors, such as Lhx4, Foxa1, Tbx5, and Twist1, was also observed. These results thus identify an important role of Brpf1 in regulating forebrain development and suggest that it acts as both an activator and a silencer of gene expression in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linya You
- From the Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1A3
| | - Jinfeng Zou
- the National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, and
| | - Hong Zhao
- From the Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center
| | | | - Morag Park
- From the Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1A3, the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Edwin Wang
- the National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, and
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- From the Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1A3, the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Roboz GJ. Epigenetic targeting and personalized approaches for AML. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2014; 2014:44-51. [PMID: 25696833 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder and the majority of patients with AML die from their disease. The treatment paradigms for AML were developed decades ago and, although there have been improvements in the outcomes of selected younger patients and those with specific cytogenetic and molecular genetic characteristics, the overall survival for older patients remains dismal. Over the last few years, next-generation sequencing technologies have identified recurrent mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in the epigenetic regulation of transcription in most patients with AML. This discovery has led to new insights into the role of the epigenome in AML and opens the possibility of epigenetically targeted therapies. This chapter describes how epigenetic dysregulation plays a role in AML and highlights current and future treatment strategies that attempt to exploit epigenetic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail J Roboz
- Leukemia Program, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Libby EN, Becker PS, Burwick N, Green DJ, Holmberg L, Bensinger WI. Panobinostat: a review of trial results and future prospects in multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 8:9-18. [PMID: 25410127 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2015.983065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable often devastating disease that is responsible for 1-2% of all cancers. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy. Over the past two decades, advances in therapy have doubled life expectancy. Unfortunately, all patients ultimately relapse. Novel agents (immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors) have changed the outlook for patients, but further breakthroughs are needed. Epigenetic treatments offer potential for advancing therapy by modifying oncogene responses. The acetylation status of various proteins can affect the availability of chromatin for transcription. This response may be modulated epigenetically to advantage using histone deacetylase inhibitors like panobinostat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Libby
- University of Washington School of Medicine - Medical Oncology, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) biology are tightly linked in many aspects. It is generally thought that ISCs are the cells of origin for a large proportion of CRCs and crucial ISC-associated signalling pathways are often affected in CRCs. Moreover, CRCs are thought to retain a cellular hierarchy that is reminiscent of the intestinal epithelium. Recent studies offer quantitative insights into the dynamics of ISC behaviour that govern homeostasis and thereby provide the necessary baseline parameters to begin to apply these analyses during the various stages of tumour development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Vermeulen
- 1] Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [2] Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugo J Snippert
- Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
You L, Chen L, Penney J, Miao D, Yang XJ. Expression atlas of the multivalent epigenetic regulator Brpf1 and its requirement for survival of mouse embryos. Epigenetics 2014; 9:860-72. [PMID: 24646517 DOI: 10.4161/epi.28530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) is a unique epigenetic regulator that contains multiple structural domains for recognizing different chromatin modifications. In addition, it possesses sequence motifs for forming multiple complexes with three different histone acetyltransferases, MOZ, MORF, and HBO1. Within these complexes, BRPF1 serves as a scaffold for bridging subunit interaction, stimulating acetyltransferase activity, governing substrate specificity and stimulating gene expression. To investigate how these molecular interactions are extrapolated to biological functions of BRPF1, we utilized a mouse strain containing a knock-in reporter and analyzed the spatiotemporal expression from embryos to adults. The analysis revealed dynamic expression in the extraembryonic, embryonic, and fetal tissues, suggesting important roles of Brpf1 in prenatal development. In support of this, inactivation of the mouse Brpf1 gene causes lethality around embryonic day 9.5. After birth, high expression is present in the testis and specific regions of the brain. The 4-dimensional expression atlas of mouse Brpf1 should serve as a valuable guide for analyzing its interaction with Moz, Morf, and Hbo1 in vivo, as well as for investigating whether Brpf1 functions independently of these three enzymatic epigenetic regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linya You
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center; Montreal, QC Canada; Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Lulu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells; Department of Human Anatomy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing, China
| | - Janice Penney
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center; Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells; Department of Human Anatomy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center; Montreal, QC Canada; Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada; Department of Biochemistry; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada; McGill University Health Center; Montreal, QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Chan SM, Majeti R. Role of DNMT3A, TET2, and IDH1/2 mutations in pre-leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2013; 98:648-57. [PMID: 23949914 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant changes in the epigenome are now recognized to be important in driving the development of multiple human cancers including acute myeloid leukemia. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have led to the identification of recurrent mutations in genes that regulate DNA methylation including DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2. These mutations have been shown to promote self-renewal and block differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Acquisition of these mutations in hematopoietic stem cells can lead to their clonal expansion resulting in a pre-leukemic stem cell (pre-LSC) population. Pre-LSCs retain the ability to differentiate into the full spectrum of mature daughter cells but can become fully transformed with the acquisition of additional driver mutations. Here, we review the effects of mutations in DNMT3A, TET2, and IDH1/2 on mouse and human hematopoiesis, the current understanding of their role in pre-LSCs, and therapeutic strategies to eliminate this population which may serve as a cellular reservoir for relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Genetic analysis of hematologic malignancies over the past 5 years has revealed abundant mutations in epigenetic regulators in all classes of disorders. Here, we summarize the observations made within our review series on the role of epigenetics in hematology. We highlight the clinical implications of mutations in epigenetic regulators and outline what we envision are some of the major areas that merit future research. Recent findings may have immediate prognostic value, but also offer new targets for drug development. However, the pleiotropic action of these regulators indicates caution is warranted and argues for investment in understanding of their underlying mechanisms of action as we proceed to exploit these findings for the benefit of patients.
Collapse
|
36
|
Meggendorfer M, Bacher U, Alpermann T, Haferlach C, Kern W, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Haferlach T, Schnittger S. SETBP1 mutations occur in 9% of MDS/MPN and in 4% of MPN cases and are strongly associated with atypical CML, monosomy 7, isochromosome i(17)(q10), ASXL1 and CBL mutations. Leukemia 2013; 27:1852-60. [PMID: 23628959 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid malignancies are categorized to the three main categories myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and MDS/MPN overlap. So far, no specific genetic alteration profiles have been identified in the MDS/MPN overlap category. Recent studies identified mutations in SET-binding protein 1 (SETBP1) as novel marker in myeloid malignancies, especially in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) and related diseases. We analyzed SETBP1 in 1 130 patients with MPN and MDS/MPN overlap and found mutation frequencies of 3.8% and 9.4%, respectively. In particular, there was a high frequency of SETBP1 mutation in aCML (19/60; 31.7%) and MDS/MPN unclassifiable (MDS/MPN, U; 20/240; 9.3%). SETBP1 mutated (SETBP1mut) patients showed significantly higher white blood cell counts and lower platelet counts and hemoglobin levels than SETBP1 wild-type patients. Cytomorphologic evaluation revealed a more dysplastic phenotype in SETBP1mut cases as compared with wild-type cases. We confirm a significant association of SETBP1mut with -7 and isochromosome i(17)(q10). Moreover, SETBP1mut were strongly associated with ASXL1 and CBL mutations (P<0.001 for both) and were mutually exclusive of JAK2 and TET2 mutations. In conclusion, SETBP1mut add an important new diagnostic marker for MDS/MPN and in particular for aCML.
Collapse
|
37
|
Boi SK, Elsawa SF. Epigenetic Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling: Implications for Cancer Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1159/000353684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|