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Turk A, Čeh E, Calin GA, Kunej T. Multiple omics levels of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:293. [PMID: 38906881 PMCID: PMC11192936 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative malignancy characterized by the proliferation of functionally mature but incompetent B cells. It is the most prevalent type of leukemia in Western populations, accounting for approximately 25% of new leukemia cases. While recent advances, such as ibrutinib and venetoclax treatment have improved patient outlook, aggressive forms of CLL such as Richter transformation still pose a significant challenge. This discrepancy may be due to the heterogeneity of factors contributing to CLL development at multiple -omics levels. However, information on the omics of CLL is fragmented, hindering multi-omics-based research into potential treatment options. To address this, we aggregated and presented a selection of important aspects of various omics levels of the disease in this review. The purpose of the present literature analysis is to portray examples of CLL studies from different omics levels, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics, epiproteomics, metabolomics, glycomics and lipidomics, as well as those identified by multi-omics approaches. The review includes the list of 102 CLL-associated genes with relevant genomics information. While single-omics studies yield substantial and useful data, they omit a significant level of complex biological interplay present in the disease. As multi-omics studies integrate several different layers of data, they may be better suited for complex diseases such as CLL and have thus far yielded promising results. Future multi-omics studies may assist clinicians in improved treatment choices based on CLL subtypes as well as allow the identification of novel biomarkers and targets for treatments.
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Grants
- P4-0220 Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS (Slovenian Research Agency)
- Dr. Calin is the Felix L. Haas Endowed Professor in Basic Science. Work in G.A.C.’s laboratory is supported by NCI grants 1R01 CA182905-01 and 1R01CA222007-01A1, NIGMS grant 1R01GM122775-01, DoD Idea Award W81XWH-21-1-0030, a Team DOD grant in Gastric Cancer W81XWH-21-1-0715, a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Moonshot Flagship project, a CLL Global Research Foundation 2019 grant, a CLL Global Research Foundation 2020 grant, a CLL Global Research Foundation 2022 grant, The G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Foundation, two grants from Torrey Coast Foundation, an Institutional Research Grant and Development Grant associated with the Brain SPORE 2P50CA127001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Turk
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Čeh
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tanja Kunej
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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2
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Sud A, Parry EM, Wu CJ. The molecular map of CLL and Richter's syndrome. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:73-82. [PMID: 38368146 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of B-cells, from the early stages of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis through to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and then in some cases to Richter's syndrome (RS) provides a comprehensive model of cancer evolution, notable for the marked morphological transformation and distinct clinical phenotypes. High-throughput sequencing of large cohorts of patients and single-cell studies have generated a molecular map of CLL and more recently, of RS, yielding fundamental insights into these diseases and of clonal evolution. A selection of CLL driver genes have been functionally interrogated to yield novel insights into the biology of CLL. Such findings have the potential to impact patient care through risk stratification, treatment selection and drug discovery. However, this molecular map remains incomplete, with extant questions concerning the origin of the B-cell clone, the role of the TME, inter- and intra-compartmental heterogeneity and of therapeutic resistance mechanisms. Through the application of multi-modal single-cell technologies across tissues, disease states and clinical contexts, these questions can now be addressed with the answers holding great promise of generating translatable knowledge to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Erin M Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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3
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Rey-Barroso J, Munaretto A, Rouquié N, Mougel A, Chassan M, Gadat S, Dewingle O, Poincloux R, Cadot S, Ysebaert L, Quillet-Mary A, Dupré L. Lymphocyte migration and retention properties affected by ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:809-823. [PMID: 37381758 PMCID: PMC10905104 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is widely used for treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory or treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A prominent effect of ibrutinib is to disrupt the retention of CLL cells from supportive lymphoid tissues, by altering BTK-dependent adhesion and migration. To further explore the mechanism of action of ibrutinib and its potential impact on non-leukemic cells, we quantified multiple motility and adhesion parameters of human primary CLL cells and non-leukemic lymphoid cells. In vitro, ibrutinib affected CCL19-, CXCL12- and CXCL13-evoked migration behavior of CLL cells and non-neoplastic lymphocytes, by reducing both motility speed and directionality. De-phosphorylation of BTK induced by ibrutinib in CLL cells was associated with defective polarization over fibronectin and inability to assemble the immunological synapse upon B-cell receptor engagement. In patients' samples collected during a 6-month monitoring of therapy, chemokine-evoked migration was repressed in CLL cells and marginally reduced in T cells. This was accompanied by profound modulation of the expression of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules. Remarkably, the relative expression of the receptors governing lymph node entry (CCR7) versus exit (S1PR1) stood out as a reliable predictive marker of the clinically relevant treatment-induced lymphocytosis. Together, our data reveal a multifaceted modulation of motility and adhesive properties of ibrutinib on both CLL leukemic cell and T-cell populations and point to intrinsic differences in CLL recirculation properties as an underlying cause for variability in treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rey-Barroso
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Alice Munaretto
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Nelly Rouquié
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Aurélie Mougel
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Malika Chassan
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5219, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier
| | - Sébastien Gadat
- Toulouse School of Economics, CNRS UMR 5314, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole; Institut Universitaire de France
| | - Océane Dewingle
- Toulouse Cancer Research Center (CRCT), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse
| | - Sarah Cadot
- Toulouse Cancer Research Center (CRCT), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Toulouse Cancer Research Center (CRCT), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Clinical Hematology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse
| | - Anne Quillet-Mary
- Toulouse Cancer Research Center (CRCT), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna.
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Bauvois B, Chapiro E, Quiney C, Maloum K, Susin SA, Nguyen-Khac F. The Value of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Receptor as a Novel Partner of CD38 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From an Adverse Prognostic Factor to a Potential Pharmacological Target? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2335. [PMID: 37760777 PMCID: PMC10525793 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes that escape death, and correlates with the expression of negative prognostic markers such as the CD38 antigen. Although certain new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration improve the clinical outcome of CLL patients, drug resistance and disease relapse still occur. Like CD38, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor (NGAL-R) is frequently overexpressed in CLL cells. Here, we evaluated the concomitant surface expression of NGAL-R and CD38 in leukemic blood cells from 52 CLL patients (37 untreated, 8 in clinical remission, and 7 relapsed). We provide evidence of a positive correlation between NGAL-R and CD38 levels both in the interpatient cohorts (p < 0.0001) and in individual patients, indicating a constitutive association of NGAL-R and CD38 at the cell level. Patients with progressing CLL showed a time-dependent increase in NGAL-R/CD38 levels. In treated CLL patients who achieved clinical remission, NGAL-R/CD38 levels were decreased, and were significantly lower than in the untreated and relapsed groups (p < 0.02). As NGAL-R and CD38 participate in CLL cell survival, envisioning their simultaneous inhibition with bispecific NGAL-R/CD38 antibodies capable of inducing leukemic cell death might provide therapeutic benefit for CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
| | - Elise Chapiro
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Claire Quiney
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Karim Maloum
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Santos A. Susin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France;
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5
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Meng S, Li T, Wang T, Li D, Chen J, Li H, Cai W, Zeng Z, Liu D, Tang D, Hong X, Dai Y. Global Phosphoproteomics Unveils Kinase-Regulated Networks in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100434. [PMID: 36309313 PMCID: PMC9712766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune complex deposition in multiple organs. Despite the severe symptoms caused by it, the underlying mechanisms of SLE, especially phosphorylation-dependent regulatory networks remain elusive. Herein, by combining high-throughput phosphoproteomics with bioinformatics approaches, we established the global phosphoproteome landscape of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a large number of SLE patients, including the remission stage (SLE_S), active stage (SLE_A), rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls, and thus a deep mechanistic insight into SLE signaling mechanism was yielded. Phosphorylation upregulation was preferentially in patients with SLE (SLE_S and SLE_A) compared with healthy controls and rheumatoid arthritis populations, resulting in an atypical enrichment in cell adhesion and migration signatures. Several specifically upregulated phosphosites were identified, and the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway was enriched in the SLE_A group by expression pattern clustering analysis. Phosphosites identified by 4D-label-free quantification unveiled key kinases and kinase-regulated networks in SLE, then further validated by parallel reaction monitoring. Some of these validated phosphosites including vinculin S275, vinculin S579 and transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 S68, primarily were phosphorylation of Actin Cytoskeleton -related proteins. Some predicted kinases including MAP3K7, TBK1, IKKβ, and GSK3β, were validated by Western blot using kinases phosphorylation sites-specific antibodies. Taken together, the study has yielded fundamental insights into the phosphosites, kinases, and kinase-regulated networks in SLE. The map of the global phosphoproteomics enables further understanding of this disease and will provide great help for seeking more potential therapeutic targets for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Teng Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China,For correspondence: Yong Dai; Xiaoping Hong; Donge Tang
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China,For correspondence: Yong Dai; Xiaoping Hong; Donge Tang
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China,For correspondence: Yong Dai; Xiaoping Hong; Donge Tang
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Mangolini M, Maiques-Diaz A, Charalampopoulou S, Gerhard-Hartmann E, Bloehdorn J, Moore A, Giachetti G, Lu J, Roamio Franklin VN, Chilamakuri CSR, Moutsopoulos I, Rosenwald A, Stilgenbauer S, Zenz T, Mohorianu I, D'Santos C, Deaglio S, Hodson DJ, Martin-Subero JI, Ringshausen I. Viral transduction of primary human lymphoma B cells reveals mechanisms of NOTCH-mediated immune escape. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6220. [PMID: 36266281 PMCID: PMC9585083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hotspot mutations in the PEST-domain of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 are recurrently identified in B cell malignancies. To address how NOTCH-mutations contribute to a dismal prognosis, we have generated isogenic primary human tumor cells from patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), differing only in their expression of the intracellular domain (ICD) of NOTCH1 or NOTCH2. Our data demonstrate that both NOTCH-paralogs facilitate immune-escape of malignant B cells by up-regulating PD-L1, partly dependent on autocrine interferon-γ signaling. In addition, NOTCH-activation causes silencing of the entire HLA-class II locus via epigenetic regulation of the transcriptional co-activator CIITA. Notably, while NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 govern similar transcriptional programs, disease-specific differences in their expression levels can favor paralog-specific selection. Importantly, NOTCH-ICD also strongly down-regulates the expression of CD19, possibly limiting the effectiveness of immune-therapies. These NOTCH-mediated immune escape mechanisms are associated with the expansion of exhausted CD8+ T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mangolini
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Alba Maiques-Diaz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Johannes Bloehdorn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of CLL, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrew Moore
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Giorgia Giachetti
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Junyan Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ilias Moutsopoulos
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Pathologisches Institut Universität Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of CLL, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer, Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Clive D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Jose I Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingo Ringshausen
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
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7
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[Clinical analysis of 20 cases of small B lymphocyte proliferative disease with t (14;19) (q32;q13)]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:674-679. [PMID: 36709153 PMCID: PMC9593010 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The clinical characteristics and prognosis of 20 patients with small B-lymphocyte proliferative disease with t (14;19) (q32; q13) were analyzed to improve the understanding of such rare cases. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients with t (14; 19) (q32; q13) small B lymphocyte proliferative disease treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Among them, 10 cases were chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 10 cases were other small B-cell malignancies. Results: Among the 20 cases, 10 were male and 10 were female, and the median age at diagnosis was 53.5 (35-88) years old. All patients had absolute lymphocytosis, 19 patients had lymphadenopathy, and 10 patients had splenomegaly. With a median follow-up of 36 (4-163) months, three patients died, and 11 patients had a time to treatment (TTT) ≤12 months. Ten patients (50%) were accompanied by +12, two patients (2/17, 12%) were accompanied by 13q-. Moreover, we found that t (14;19) was associated with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (IGHV) somatic mutation (17/19, 89%) and a biased use of IGHV4-39 (7/17, 41%) was observed. Next-generation sequencing detected one or more gene mutations in 14 (14/17, 82%) cases and a total of 25 gene mutations had been revealed, of which the most frequent were NOTCH1 (35%) , followed by SF3B1 (24%) and KMT2D (18%) . For 10 CLL patients, five (50%) were defined as Rai Ⅲ/Binet C. It is noteworthy that among the 20 cases, two cases actually involved Richter transformation. Conclusions: Small B-cell malignant tumors with abnormal t (14; 19) show unique clinical biological characteristics, often accompanied by a variety of adverse prognostic factors, and tend to have an aggressive clinical course.
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8
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Monoclonal B-cell Lymphocytosis in the Bone Marrow: Revisiting the Criteria for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2022; 125:108-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Terrón F, Herling M. CCR7 in Blood Cancers - Review of Its Pathophysiological Roles and the Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736758. [PMID: 34778050 PMCID: PMC8589249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the classical paradigm, CCR7 is a homing chemokine receptor that grants normal lymphocytes access to secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes or spleen. As such, in most lymphoproliferative disorders, CCR7 expression correlates with nodal or spleen involvement. Nonetheless, recent evidence suggests that CCR7 is more than a facilitator of lymphatic spread of tumor cells. Here, we review published data to catalogue CCR7 expression across blood cancers and appraise which classical and novel roles are attributed to this receptor in the pathogenesis of specific hematologic neoplasms. We outline why novel therapeutic strategies targeting CCR7 might provide clinical benefits to patients with CCR7-positive hematopoietic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Terrón
- Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Marco Herling
- Clinic of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Brown JR, Terrón F, Muñoz-Calleja C. Of Lymph Nodes and CLL Cells: Deciphering the Role of CCR7 in the Pathogenesis of CLL and Understanding Its Potential as Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662866. [PMID: 33841445 PMCID: PMC8024566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is an essential tissue for achieving effective immune responses but it is also critical in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Within the multitude of signaling pathways aberrantly regulated in CLL the homeostatic axis composed by the chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands is the main driver for directing immune cells to home into the LN. In this literature review, we address the roles of CCR7 in the pathophysiology of CLL, and how this chemokine receptor is of critical importance to develop more rational and effective therapies for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fernando Terrón
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Balakrishna J, Basumallik N, Matulonis R, Scott D, Salem D, Jasper G, Wiestner A, Stetler-Stevenson M, Marti G, Sun C, Yuan CM. Intensity of antigen expression reflects IGHV mutational status and Dohner-defined prognostic categories in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, and small lymphocytic lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1828-1839. [PMID: 33734005 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1894641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the prognostic utility of antigen quantitation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL). Median antibody-bound-per-cell (ABC) of CD20, CD22, CD25, CD19, and %CD38(+) was determined in CLL (185/208), SLL (8/208) and MBL (15/208) cases by flow cytometry, then compared to Dohner-classification, immunoglobulin status (mutated, IGHV-M; unmutated, IGHV-U), CLL-IPI risk and time to first treatment (TTFT). Trisomy 12 cases showed increased %CD38-expression (p = .0379). Higher %CD38 was observed in IGHV-U versus IGHV-M (p = .0003). CD20ABC was increased in IGHV-U versus IGHV-M (p = .006). Del13q cases demonstrated lower CD22ABC (p = .0198). Cases without cytogenetic abnormality exhibited higher CD19ABC (p = .0295) and CD22ABC (p = .0078). Del17p cases demonstrated lower CD25ABC (p = .0097). High and very-high CLL-IPI risk groups were associated with high CD38-expression (p = .02) and low CD25ABC (p = .0004). Shortened TTFT was associated with high CD38-expression (p < .0001). Interestingly, high CD25ABC trended toward shortened TTFT (p = .07). Quantitative antigen expression reflects CLL-IPI risk groups and Dohner-classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Balakrishna
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Flow Cytometry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Hematopathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Drake Scott
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Flow Cytometry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dalia Salem
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Flow Cytometry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gregory Jasper
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Flow Cytometry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Flow Cytometry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerald Marti
- Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clare Sun
- Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance M Yuan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Flow Cytometry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Kikushige Y. Pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. J Clin Exp Hematop 2020; 60:146-158. [PMID: 33148933 PMCID: PMC7810248 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.20036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in Western countries and is characterized by the clonal expansion of mature CD5+ B cells. There have been substantial advances in the field of CLL research in the last decade, including the identification of recurrent mutations, and clarification of clonal architectures, signaling molecules, and the multistep leukemogenic process, providing a comprehensive understanding of CLL pathogenesis. Furthermore, the development of therapeutic approaches, especially that of molecular target therapies against CLL, has markedly improved the standard of care for CLL. This review focuses on the recent insights made in CLL leukemogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
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13
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with TP53 gene alterations: a detailed clinicopathologic analysis. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:344-353. [PMID: 31477813 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
TP53 alteration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia indicates a high-risk disease that is usually refractory to chemotherapy. It may be caused by deletion of 17p involving the loss of TP53 gene, which occurs in low percentage of patients at diagnosis but can be acquired as the disease progresses. Since patients may harbor TP53 mutation without chromosome 17p deletion, consensus recommendations call for both cytogenetic and PCR mutation analysis of TP53 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We conducted a single-institution retrospective study to investigate the clinicopathologic features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with TP53 alterations as well as the utility of different diagnostic modalities to identify p53 alterations. Forty percent of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with TP53 alterations demonstrated atypical lymphocytes with cleaved/irregularly shaped nuclei and/or large atypical lymphoid cells with abundant cytoplasm in the peripheral blood. Progression was also observed in lymph node and bone marrow samples (21% with Richter transformation; 33% with findings suggestive of "accelerated phase" of chronic lymphocytic leukemia including prominent proliferation centers and/or increased numbers of prolymphocytes). However, the presence of the morphologic features suggestive of "accelerated phase" had no effect on overall survival within the chronic lymphocytic leukemia group with TP53 abnormalities (p > 0.05). As previously reported by others, a subset of patients with TP53 alterations were only identified by either PCR mutation analysis (12%) or cytogenetic studies (14%). p53 immunostain positivity was only identified in approximately half of the patients with TP53 alterations identified by either method, and it failed to identify any additional patients with p53 abnormalities. In summary, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with TP53 alterations frequently show atypical morphologic features. Use of multiple modalities to identify p53 abnormalities is recommended to ensure optimal sensitivity and specificity.
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14
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Bednarczyk M, Stege H, Grabbe S, Bros M. β2 Integrins-Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1402. [PMID: 32092981 PMCID: PMC7073085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of β2 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of β2 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, β2 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, β2 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.G.)
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15
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Canault M, Alessi MC. RasGRP2 Structure, Function and Genetic Variants in Platelet Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1075. [PMID: 32041177 PMCID: PMC7037602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RasGRP2 is calcium and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I that activates Rap1, which is an essential signaling-knot in "inside-out" αIIbβ3 integrin activation in platelets. Inherited platelet function disorder caused by variants of RASGRP2 represents a new congenital bleeding disorder referred to as platelet-type bleeding disorder-18 (BDPLT18). We review here the structure of RasGRP2 and its functions in the pathophysiology of platelets and of the other cellular types that express it. We will also examine the different pathogenic variants reported so far as well as strategies for the diagnosis and management of patients with BDPLT18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Canault
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
- Hematology laboratory, APHM, CHU Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
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16
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Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Wu B, Guo Y, Liu B, Zhang X. Effects of autophagy on macrophage adhesion and migration in diabetic nephropathy. Ren Fail 2020; 41:682-690. [PMID: 31352855 PMCID: PMC6711118 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1632209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Macrophage infiltration in kidney is a major pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which has been demonstrated associate with macrophages autophagy homeostasis. However, the relationships between autophagy and the infiltration response related of macrophages adhesion and migration are unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of macrophages adhesion and migration by modulating autophagy. Methods: In vivo, rats were randomly distributed into control (NC) and DN groups. The pathological changes in renal tissue were assessed, and expression of CD68, LC3, P62 were analyzed. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells were divided into NC and high glucose (HG) groups. The capacity of macrophages adhesion migration and the expression of autophagy markers were observed with and without autophagy modulators (rapamycin, 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, and bafilomycin A1 for RAPA, 3-MA, CQ, BAFA). The macrophages autophagosome and the process of degradation and fusion of autophagosome-lysosome were observed by electron microscopy. Results: In vivo, renal injury is aggravated in diabetic rat compared with NC group. The autophagy level is inhibited in renal tissues of DN group with the increasing expression of CD68 and P62, while expression level of LC3 decreased (p < .05). In vitro, HG and 3-MA reduce the numbers of autophagosome of macrophages to inhibit autophagy level with decrease expression of LC3 and Beclin-1, but increase expression of P62, which promote the adhesion and migration capacity of macrophages (p < .05). Moreover, CQ and BAFA suppress autophagy level by inhibiting the process of autophagosome-lysosome degradation and fusion of macrophages, as well as the expression of LC3 and Beclin-1. We notice an increase expression of P62 by CQ and BAFA stimulation (p < .05). CQ and BAFA further facilitate the adhesion and migration capacity of macrophages. However, RAPA increases the numbers of macrophages autophagosome that inhibited by HG, resulting in a recovery of autophagy level with increase expression of LC3 and Beclin-1, whereas a reduction expression of P62, which lead to inhibition of adhesion and migration of macrophages induced by HG (p < .05) Conclusions: High glucose efficiently reduced the level of macrophage autophagy, following macrophages adhesion and migration enhanced when autophagy is suppressed. Activation of autophagosome improve the level of autophagy, but leading to a reduction of the macrophages adhesion and migration. While, inhibiting the process of degradation and fusion of autophagosome-lysosome suppress the level of autophagy and promote the macrophages adhesion and migration. These results indicate that high glucose may play an important role in macrophages adhesion and migration through modulating autophagy activities in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuteng Jiang
- a Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu Zhao
- a Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- a Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yuqiu Liu
- a Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Beibei Wu
- a Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yinfeng Guo
- a Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Bicheng Liu
- a Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- a Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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17
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Kikushige Y. Pathophysiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and human B1 cell development. Int J Hematol 2019; 111:634-641. [PMID: 31797231 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most frequent type of leukemia in adults, is a lymphoproliferative disease characterized by the clonal expansion of mature CD5+ B cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid tissues. Over the past decade, substantial advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of CLL, including the identification of recurrent mutations, and clarification of clonal architectures, transcriptome analyses, and the multistep leukemogenic process. The biology of CLL is now better understood. The present review focuses on recent insights into CLL leukemogenesis, emphasizing the role of genetic lesions, and the multistep process initiating from very immature hematopoietic stem cells. Finally, we also review progress in the study of human B1 B cells, the putative normal counterparts of CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikane Kikushige
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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18
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Crassini K, Stevenson WS, Mulligan SP, Best OG. Molecular pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:668-684. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Crassini
- Northern Blood Research Centre Kolling Institute of Medical Research SydneyNSWAustralia
| | - William S. Stevenson
- Northern Blood Research Centre Kolling Institute of Medical Research SydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Stephen P. Mulligan
- Northern Blood Research Centre Kolling Institute of Medical Research SydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental Science University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - O. Giles Best
- Northern Blood Research Centre Kolling Institute of Medical Research SydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental Science University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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19
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Harjunpää H, Llort Asens M, Guenther C, Fagerholm SC. Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Roles and Regulation in the Immune and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31231358 PMCID: PMC6558418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system and cancer have a complex relationship with the immune system playing a dual role in tumor development. The effector cells of the immune system can recognize and kill malignant cells while immune system-mediated inflammation can also promote tumor growth and regulatory cells suppress the anti-tumor responses. In the center of all anti-tumor responses is the ability of the immune cells to migrate to the tumor site and to interact with each other and with the malignant cells. Cell adhesion molecules including receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily and integrins are of crucial importance in mediating these processes. Particularly integrins play a vital role in regulating all aspects of immune cell function including immune cell trafficking into tissues, effector cell activation and proliferation and the formation of the immunological synapse between immune cells or between immune cell and the target cell both during homeostasis and during inflammation and cancer. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating integrin function and the role of integrins and other cell adhesion molecules in immune responses and in the tumor microenvironment. We also describe how malignant cells can utilize cell adhesion molecules to promote tumor growth and metastases and how these molecules could be targeted in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Harjunpää
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Llort Asens
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla Guenther
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Hui HY, Clarke KM, Fuller KA, Stanley J, Chuah HH, Ng TF, Cheah C, McQuillan A, Erber WN. “Immuno‐flowFISH” for the Assessment of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cytometry A 2019; 95:521-533. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Y.L. Hui
- Translational Cancer Pathology LaboratorySchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Kathryn M. Clarke
- Haemato‐Oncology Diagnostic Service, Department of HaematologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK
| | - Kathryn A. Fuller
- Translational Cancer Pathology LaboratorySchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Jason Stanley
- Translational Cancer Pathology LaboratorySchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Hun H. Chuah
- Department of HaematologyRoyal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Teng Fong Ng
- Department of HaematologyRoyal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Chan Cheah
- Department of HaematologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Department of HaematologyHollywood Private Hospital Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Andrew McQuillan
- Department of HaematologyHollywood Private Hospital Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Wendy N. Erber
- Translational Cancer Pathology LaboratorySchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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21
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Minderman H. Simultaneous Analysis of Phenotype and Cytogenetics Using Imaging Flow Cytometry: Time to Teach Old Dogs New Tricks. Cytometry A 2019; 95:943-945. [PMID: 31006975 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263
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22
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Overexpression of CD49d in trisomy 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients is mediated by IRF4 through induction of IKAROS. Leukemia 2019; 33:1278-1302. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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RASGRP2 Suppresses Apoptosis via Inhibition of ROS Production in Vascular Endothelial Cells. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:4639165. [PMID: 30692874 PMCID: PMC6332872 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4639165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified ras guanyl releasing protein 2 (rasgrp2) as a blood vessel related gene from Xenopus embryo. In addition, we reported that RASGRP2 is also expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). It is known that RASGRP2 activates Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1). However, the function of RASGRP2 in human vascular endothelium remains unknown. Therefore, we performed functional analysis of RASGRP2 using immortalized HUVEC (TERT HUVEC). We established a stable RASGRP2 overexpressing cell line (TERT HUVEC R) and mock cell line (mock). Furthermore, we compared the activity of Rap1 and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is related to cell death, in both cell lines. Significant increase in Rap1 activity was observed in the TERT HUVEC R compared to the mock. Furthermore, apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation was significantly more reduced in the TERT HUVEC R than in the mock. In the mock, apoptosis induced by TNF-α stimulation was decreased by pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX). However, in the TERT HUVEC R, apoptosis induced by TNF-α stimulation was not reduced after pretreatment of DPI. Furthermore, there was no reduction in ROS production in the TERT HUVEC R after DPI pretreatment. In addition, the difference in the degree of apoptosis induced by TNF-α stimulation in both cell lines was consistent with the difference in ROS production in the cell lines. From these results, it was suggested that RASGRP2 activates Rap1 and the activated Rap1 suppresses apoptosis via NOX inhibition.
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24
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Zaprazna K, Reblova K, Svobodova V, Radova L, Bystry V, Baloun J, Durechova K, Tom N, Loja T, Buresova M, Stranska K, Oltova A, Doubek M, Atchison ML, Trbusek M, Malcikova J, Pospisilova S. Activation-induced deaminase and its splice variants associate with trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2018; 98:423-435. [PMID: 30368590 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a mutator enzyme essential for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) during effective adaptive immune responses. Its aberrant expression and activity have been detected in lymphomas, leukemias, and solid tumors. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) increased expression of alternatively spliced AID variants has been documented. We used real-time RT-PCR to quantify the expression of AID and its alternatively spliced transcripts (AIDΔE4a, AIDΔE4, AIDivs3, and AIDΔE3E4) in 149 CLL patients and correlated this expression to prognostic markers including recurrent chromosomal aberrations, the presence of complex karyotype, mutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene, and recurrent mutations. We report a previously unappreciated association between higher AID transcript levels and trisomy of chromosome 12. Functional analysis of AID splice variants revealed loss of their activity with respect to SHM, CSR, and induction of double-strand DNA breaks. In silico modeling provided insight into the molecular interactions and structural dynamics of wild-type AID and a shortened AID variant closely resembling AIDΔE4, confirming its loss-of-function phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/enzymology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Computer Simulation
- Cytidine Deaminase/biosynthesis
- Cytidine Deaminase/chemistry
- Cytidine Deaminase/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/enzymology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Trisomy/genetics
- Trisomy/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zaprazna
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Reblova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Svobodova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Bystry
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Baloun
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Durechova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Tom
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Loja
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Buresova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Stranska
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Oltova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael L Atchison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Trbusek
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Malcikova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Mohamed AAEH, Safwat NA. New insights into smudge cell percentage in chronic lymphocytic Leukemia: A novel prognostic indicator of disease burden. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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26
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Abruzzo LV, Herling CD, Calin GA, Oakes C, Barron LL, Banks HE, Katju V, Keating MJ, Coombes KR. Trisomy 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia expresses a unique set of activated and targetable pathways. Haematologica 2018; 103:2069-2078. [PMID: 29976738 PMCID: PMC6269288 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.190132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although trisomy 12 (+12) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) comprises about 20% of cases, relatively little is known about its pathophysiology. These cases often demonstrate atypical morphological and immunophenotypic features, high proliferative rates, unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes, and a high frequency of NOTCH1 mutation. Patients with +12 CLL have an intermediate prognosis, and show higher incidences of thrombocytopenia, Richter transformation, and other secondary cancers. Despite these important differences, relatively few transcriptional profiling studies have focused on identifying dysregulated pathways that characterize +12 CLL, and most have used a hierarchical cytogenetic classification in which cases with more than one recurrent abnormality are categorized according to the abnormality with the poorest prognosis. In this study, we sought to identify protein-coding genes whose expression contributes to the unique pathophysiology of +12 CLL. To exclude the likely confounding effects of multiple cytogenetic abnormalities on gene expression, our +12 patient cohort had +12 as the sole abnormality. We profiled samples obtained from 147 treatment-naïve patients. We compared cases with +12 as the only cytogenetic abnormality to cases with only del(13q), del(11q), or diploid cytogenetics using independent discovery (n=97) and validation (n=50) sets. We demonstrate that CLL cases with +12 as the sole abnormality express a unique set of activated pathways compared to other cytogenetic subtypes. Among these pathways, we identify the NFAT signaling pathway and the immune checkpoint molecule, NT5E (CD73), which may represent new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne V Abruzzo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carmen D Herling
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Oakes
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lynn L Barron
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haley E Banks
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vikram Katju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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27
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In contrast to high CD49d, low CXCR4 expression indicates the dependency of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells on the microenvironment. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2145-2152. [PMID: 29955944 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD49d and CXCR4 are key determinants of interactions between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) tumor cells and their microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the effect of CD49d and CXCR4 expressions on survival of CLL cells. Primary CLL cells were cultured with CD49d ligand, VCAM-1, or bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs); then, apoptosis and immunophenotype analyses were performed. VCAM-1 treatment could not induce direct apoptosis protection or immunophenotype change on the CD49d-expressing CLL cells, but resulted in actin reorganization. The BMSC-induced apoptosis protection was independent from the presence of CD49d expression of CLL cells, but showed an inverse correlation with their CXCR4 expression level. We suppose that CD49d contributes to enhanced survival of leukemic cells by mediating migration to the protective microenvironment, not by direct prevention of apoptosis. Moreover, CLL cells with low CXCR4 expression represent a subpopulation that is more dependent on the microenvironmental stimuli for survival, and show increased "death by neglect" when separated from the supportive niche.
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28
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Autore F, Strati P, Laurenti L, Ferrajoli A. Morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with trisomy 12: a comprehensive review. Haematologica 2018; 103:931-938. [PMID: 29748447 PMCID: PMC6058775 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.186684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is an extremely heterogeneous disease and prognostic factors such as chromosomal abnormalities are important predictors of time to first treatment and survival. Trisomy 12 is the second most frequent aberration detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization at the time of diagnosis (10-25%), and it confers an intermediate prognostic risk, with a median time to first treatment of 33 months and a median overall survival of 114 months. Here, we review the unique morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic characteristics of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and trisomy 12. These patients carry a significantly higher expression of CD19, CD22, CD20, CD79b, CD24, CD27, CD38, CD49d, sIgM, sIgk, and sIgλ and lower expression of CD43 compared with patients with normal karyotype. Circulating cells show increased expression of the integrins CD11b, CD18, CD29, and ITGB7, and of the adhesion molecule CD323. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and trisomy 12 frequently have unmutated IGHV, ZAP-70 positivity, and closely homologous stereotyped B-cell receptors. They rarely show TP53 mutations but frequently have NOTCH1 mutations, which can be identified in up to 40% of those with a rapidly progressive clinical course.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Genetic Association Studies
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping/methods
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Pancytopenia/pathology
- Phenotype
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Autore
- Hematology Institute, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Strati
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Institute, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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29
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Beekman R, Chapaprieta V, Russiñol N, Vilarrasa-Blasi R, Verdaguer-Dot N, Martens JHA, Duran-Ferrer M, Kulis M, Serra F, Javierre BM, Wingett SW, Clot G, Queirós AC, Castellano G, Blanc J, Gut M, Merkel A, Heath S, Vlasova A, Ullrich S, Palumbo E, Enjuanes A, Martín-García D, Beà S, Pinyol M, Aymerich M, Royo R, Puiggros M, Torrents D, Datta A, Lowy E, Kostadima M, Roller M, Clarke L, Flicek P, Agirre X, Prosper F, Baumann T, Delgado J, López-Guillermo A, Fraser P, Yaspo ML, Guigó R, Siebert R, Martí-Renom MA, Puente XS, López-Otín C, Gut I, Stunnenberg HG, Campo E, Martin-Subero JI. The reference epigenome and regulatory chromatin landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Med 2018; 24:868-880. [PMID: 29785028 PMCID: PMC6363101 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a frequent hematological neoplasm in which underlying epigenetic alterations are only partially understood. Here, we analyze the reference epigenome of seven primary CLLs and the regulatory chromatin landscape of 107 primary cases in the context of normal B cell differentiation. We identify that the CLL chromatin landscape is largely influenced by distinct dynamics during normal B cell maturation. Beyond this, we define extensive catalogues of regulatory elements de novo reprogrammed in CLL as a whole and in its major clinico-biological subtypes classified by IGHV somatic hypermutation levels. We uncover that IGHV-unmutated CLLs harbor more active and open chromatin than IGHV-mutated cases. Furthermore, we show that de novo active regions in CLL are enriched for NFAT, FOX and TCF/LEF transcription factor family binding sites. Although most genetic alterations are not associated with consistent epigenetic profiles, CLLs with MYD88 mutations and trisomy 12 show distinct chromatin configurations. Furthermore, we observe that non-coding mutations in IGHV-mutated CLLs are enriched in H3K27ac-associated regulatory elements outside accessible chromatin. Overall, this study provides an integrative portrait of the CLL epigenome, identifies extensive networks of altered regulatory elements and sheds light on the relationship between the genetic and epigenetic architecture of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Beekman
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Chapaprieta
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Russiñol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Vilarrasa-Blasi
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Verdaguer-Dot
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Molecular Biology, NCMLS, FNWI, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Kulis
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Serra
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Genomics Group, CNAG-CRG, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biola M Javierre
- Nuclear Dynamics Program, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven W Wingett
- Nuclear Dynamics Program, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillem Clot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Queirós
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julie Blanc
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelika Merkel
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon Heath
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vlasova
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Ullrich
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Palumbo
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Enjuanes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Martín-García
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Pinyol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Royo
- Programa Conjunto de Biología Computacional, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puiggros
- Programa Conjunto de Biología Computacional, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Programa Conjunto de Biología Computacional, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avik Datta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ernesto Lowy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Myrto Kostadima
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maša Roller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Area de Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Area de Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tycho Baumann
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando López-Guillermo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Program, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Roderic Guigó
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc A Martí-Renom
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Genomics Group, CNAG-CRG, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xose S Puente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ivo Gut
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose I Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Novel role of prostate apoptosis response-4 tumor suppressor in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2018; 131:2943-2954. [PMID: 29695515 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-813931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4), a proapoptotic tumor suppressor protein, is downregulated in many cancers including renal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, endometrial, and breast cancer. Par-4 induces apoptosis selectively in various types of cancer cells but not normal cells. We found that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells from human patients and from Eµ-Tcl1 mice constitutively express Par-4 in greater amounts than normal B-1 or B-2 cells. Interestingly, knockdown of Par-4 in human CLL-derived Mec-1 cells results in a robust increase in p21/WAF1 expression and decreased growth due to delayed G1-to-S cell-cycle transition. Lack of Par-4 also increased the expression of p21 and delayed CLL growth in Eμ-Tcl1 mice. Par-4 expression in CLL cells required constitutively active B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, as inhibition of BCR signaling with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs caused a decrease in Par-4 messenger RNA and protein, and an increase in apoptosis. In particular, activities of Lyn, a Src family kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase, and Bruton tyrosine kinase are required for Par-4 expression in CLL cells, suggesting a novel regulation of Par-4 through BCR signaling. Together, these results suggest that Par-4 may play a novel progrowth rather than proapoptotic role in CLL and could be targeted to enhance the therapeutic effects of BCR-signaling inhibitors.
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31
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Laufer JM, Lyck R, Legler DF. ZAP70 expression enhances chemokine-driven chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell migration and arrest by valency regulation of integrins. FASEB J 2018; 32:4824-4835. [PMID: 29589978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701452rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP70) is expressed in the aggressive form of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Moreover, the integrin very late antigen (VLA)-1 is highly expressed on subtypes of CLL that are associated with high proliferation rates in the lymph node context. We herein identify a critical role for ZAP70 in chemokine-mediated, inside-out signaling to integrins in trisomy 12 carrying Ohio State University-CLL cell lines derived from a patient with previously treated CLL. We found that ZAP70-positive CLL cells migrated significantly better toward ligands of the lymph node homing chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4 compared with ZAP70-negative cells. In addition, ZAP70-expressing CLL cells adhered more efficiently to integrin ligands under static conditions. We discovered that ZAP70 expression controls chemokine-driven clustering of the integrins VLA-4 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. More precisely, chemokine stimulation resulted in a ZAP70-dependent integrin valency regulation on CLL cells, whereas high-affinity regulation of integrins was independent of ZAP70. Consequently, ZAP70-expressing CLL cells show increased chemokine-driven arrest on immobilized integrin ligands and on chemokine-presenting endothelial cells under physiologic flow conditions. Hence, we describe a novel mechanism showing how ZAP70 controls chemokine-driven valency regulation of integrins and arrest of CLL cells on endothelial cells, a process that might contribute to CLL disease progression.-Laufer, J. M., Lyck, R., Legler, D. F. ZAP70 expression enhances chemokine-driven chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell migration and arrest by valency regulation of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School of Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School of Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; and
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32
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Zou Y, Fan L, Xia Y, Miao Y, Wu W, Cao L, Wu J, Zhu H, Qiao C, Wang L, Xu W, Li J. NOTCH1 mutation and its prognostic significance in Chinese chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study of 317 cases. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1689-1696. [PMID: 29573199 PMCID: PMC5943423 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene NOTCH1 is frequently mutated in around 10% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study analyzed NOTCH1 mutation status of 317 Chinese patients with CLL by Sanger sequencing. The frequencies of NOTCH1 mutation in the PEST (proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), threonine (T)-rich protein sequence) domain and the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) were 8.2% and 0.9%, with the most frequent mutation being c.7541_7542delCT and c.*371A>G, respectively. Clinical and biological associations were determined including NOTCH1 mutations with advanced stage (Binet stage, P = 0.010), unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) gene (P < 0.001) and trisomy 12 (+12) (P = 0.014). NOTCH1-mutated patients had lower CD20 expression intensity than NOTCH1-unmutated patients (P = 0.029). In addition, NOTCH1-mutated patients had shorter overall survival (OS) (P = 0.002) and treatment-free survival (TFS) (P = 0.002) than NOTCH1-unmutated patients, especially for patients with NOTCH1 c.7541_7542delCT and/or c.*371A>G mutations. Patients with both mutated NOTCH1 and unmutated IGHV had shorter OS (P < 0.001) and TFS (P < 0.001) than those with unmutated NOTCH1 or mutated IGHV. These data provide a comprehensive view of the clinical relevance and prognostic impact of NOTCH1 mutations on Chinese patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiazhu Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Huayuan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chun Qiao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
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33
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The role of mTOR-mediated signaling in the regulation of cellular migration. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:74-79. [PMID: 29408410 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target for rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that forms two distinct complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, integrating mitogen and nutrient signals to regulate cell survival and proliferation; processes which are commonly deregulated in human cancers. mTORC1 and mTORC2 have divergent molecular associations and cellular functions: mTORC1 regulates in mRNA translation and protein synthesis, while mTORC2 is involved in the regulation of cellular survival and metabolism. Through AKT phosphorylation/activation, mTORC2 has also been reported to regulate cell migration. Recent attention has focused on the aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in B cell malignancies and there is growing evidence for its involvement in disease pathogenesis, due to its location downstream of other established novel drug targets that intercept B cell receptor (BCR) signals. Shared pharmacological features of BCR signal inhibitors include a striking "lymphocyte redistribution" effect whereby patients experience a sharp increase in lymphocyte count on initiation of therapy followed by a steady decline. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) serves as a paradigm for migration studies as lymphocytes are among the most widely travelled cells in the body, a product of their role in immunological surveillance. The subversion of normal lymphocyte movement in CLL is being elucidated; this review aims to describe the migration impairment which occurs as part of the wider context of cancer cell migration defects, with a focus on the role of mTOR in mediating migration effects downstream of BCR ligation and other microenvironmental signals.
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34
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Hui H, Fuller KA, Chuah H, Liang J, Sidiqi H, Radeski D, Erber WN. Imaging flow cytometry to assess chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Methods 2018; 134-135:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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35
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Chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells in relapse of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. THE NUCLEUS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-017-0225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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36
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Role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110153. [PMID: 29099772 PMCID: PMC5704171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (also known as CD11a/CD18 and αLβ2), is just one of many integrins in the human body, but its significance is derived from its exclusive presence in leukocytes. In this review, we summarize the studies relating LFA-1 and its major ligand ICAM-1 (or CD54) with cancer, through the function of lymphocytes and myeloid cells on tumor cells. We consider how LFA-1 mediates the interaction of leukocytes with tumors and the role of ICAM-1 in tumor dynamics, which can be independent of its interaction with LFA-1. We also offer a more detailed examination of the role of LFA-1 within B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Finally, we discuss the role that exosomes harboring LFA-1 play in tumor growth and metastasis.
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37
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Abstract
The last several years have witnessed a paradigm shift in the management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The course of this very heterogeneous disease, traditionally treated with chemotherapeutic agents usually in combination with rituximab, typically has been characterized by remissions and relapses, and survival times vary greatly, depending on intrinsic biological attributes of the leukemia. The developments of the last few years have been transformative, ushering in an era of novel, molecularly targeted therapies, made possible by extensive efforts to elucidate the biology of the disease that predated the new targeted drugs. Thus, successful therapeutic targeting of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway and of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein with small molecules has now made chemotherapy-free approaches possible, hopefully mitigating the risk of development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms and making eventual cure of CLL with the use of optimal drug combinations a realistic goal. Most importantly, these therapies have demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in patients with deletion 17p/TP53 mutation, a subset that historically has been very difficult to treat. However, as we gain more experience with the newer agents, unique safety concerns and resistance mechanisms have emerged, as has the issue of cost, as these expensive drugs are currently administered indefinitely. Accordingly, novel laboratory-based strategies and clinical trial designs are being explored to address these issues. The availability of whole exome/genome sequencing has given us profound insights into the mutational landscape of CLL. In this article, we highlight some of the most impactful advances since this topic was last reviewed in this journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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38
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Benedetti D, Tissino E, Pozzo F, Bittolo T, Caldana C, Perini C, Martorelli D, Bravin V, D’Agaro T, Rossi FM, Bomben R, Santinelli E, Zaja F, Pozzato G, Chiarenza A, Di Raimondo F, Del Poeta G, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Dal Bo M, Gattei V, Zucchetto A. NOTCH1 mutations are associated with high CD49d expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: link between the NOTCH1 and the NF-κB pathways. Leukemia 2017; 32:654-662. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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39
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Bulian P, Bomben R, Bo MD, Zucchetto A, Rossi FM, Degan M, Pozzo F, Bittolo T, Bravin V, D'Agaro T, Cerri M, Chiarenza A, Chaffee KG, Condoluci A, D'Arena G, Spina M, Zaja F, Pozzato G, Di Raimondo F, Rossi D, Poeta GD, Gaidano G, Shanafelt TD, Gattei V. Mutational status of IGHV is the most reliable prognostic marker in trisomy 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:e443-e446. [PMID: 28751560 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.170340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bulian
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Rossi
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Massimo Degan
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federico Pozzo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tamara Bittolo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bravin
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziana D'Agaro
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michaela Cerri
- Division of Hematology - Department of Translational Medicine - Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Kari G Chaffee
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adalgisa Condoluci
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Michele Spina
- Oncologia Medica A IRCCS, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaja
- Clinica Ematologica, Centro Trapianti e Terapie Cellulari "Carlo Melzi" DISM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Maria Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Maggiore General Hospital, University of Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Davide Rossi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Del Poeta
- Division of Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital and University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology - Department of Translational Medicine - Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
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40
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Davies NJ, Kwok M, Gould C, Oldreive CE, Mao J, Parry H, Smith E, Agathanggelou A, Pratt G, Taylor AMR, Moss P, Griffiths M, Stankovic T. Dynamic changes in clonal cytogenetic architecture during progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in patients and patient-derived murine xenografts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:44749-44760. [PMID: 28496009 PMCID: PMC5546515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclonal heterogeneity and clonal selection influences disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It is therefore important that therapeutic decisions are made based on an understanding of the CLL clonal architecture and its dynamics in individual patients. Identification of cytogenetic abnormalities by FISH remains the cornerstone of contemporary clinical practice and provides a simple means for prognostic stratification. Here, we demonstrate that multiplexed-FISH can enhance recognition of CLL subclonal repertoire and its dynamics during disease progression, both in patients and CLL patient-derived xenografts (PDX). We applied a combination of patient-specific FISH probes to 24 CLL cases before treatment and at relapse, and determined putative ancestral relationships between subpopulations with different cytogenetic features. We subsequently established 7 CLL PDX models in NOD/Shi-SCID/IL-2Rγctm1sug/Jic (NOG) mice. Application of multiplexed-FISH to these models demonstrated that all of the identified cytogenetic subpopulations had leukemia propagating activity and that changes in their representation during disease progression could be spontaneous, accelerated by treatment or treatment-induced. We conclude that multiplexed-FISH in combination with PDX models have the potential to distinguish between spontaneous and treatment-induced clonal selection, and therefore provide a valuable tool for the pre-clinical evaluation of novel therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Clonal Evolution/genetics
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Mice
- Prognosis
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marwan Kwok
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Clive Gould
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ceri E. Oldreive
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jingwen Mao
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Edward Smith
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angelo Agathanggelou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mike Griffiths
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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41
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Strati P, Parikh SA, Chaffee KG, Achenbach SJ, Slager SL, Call TG, Ding W, Jelinek DF, Hanson CA, Kay NE, Shanafelt TD. CD49d associates with nodal presentation and subsequent development of lymphadenopathy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:99-105. [PMID: 28386906 PMCID: PMC5549625 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CD49d is a surface integrin that is expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells, and strongly correlates with more aggressive disease. Given its association with cell-cell adhesion and leucocyte trafficking, we hypothesized that patients with high CD49d expression would experience a clinical course dominated by lymphadenopathy. CD49d expression was measured by flow cytometry and considered positive if expressed by ≥30% of CLL cells. The study included 797 newly diagnosed CLL/small lymphocytic leukaemia patients; 279 (35%) were CD49d positive. CD49d-positive patients were more likely to present with lymphadenopathy (P < 0·001); a finding that persisted after adjusting for fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and IGHV mutation status [odds ratio (OR) 2·51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·64-3·83; P < 0·001]. Among CLL Rai 0 patients, CD49d positivity was associated with shorter time to development of lymphadenopathy (3·2 years vs not reached, P < 0·01). This association was maintained after adjusting for either FISH [hazard ratio (HR) 2·18; 95% CI 1·25-3·81; P = 0·006) or IGHV status (HR 2·02; 95% CI 1·11-3·69; P = 0·02) individually, but was attenuated when adjusting by both (HR 1·72; 95% CI 0·88-3·38; P = 0·11).These data demonstrate that CD49d-positive CLL patients experience a disease course dominated by lymphadenopathy. These findings could have implications for therapy selection and disease monitoring.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Integrin alpha4/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis
- Lymphadenopathy/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Time Factors
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Strati
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Ding
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Neil E Kay
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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42
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Andreieva SV, Korets KV, Skorokhod IM, Ruzhinska OE. Cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic investigations in relapse of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CYTOL GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452717030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Lazarian G, Guièze R, Wu CJ. Clinical Implications of Novel Genomic Discoveries in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:984-993. [PMID: 28297623 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.71.0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common B-cell malignancy with a remarkably heterogeneous course, ranging from indolent disease with no need for immediate therapy to rapidly progressive disease associated with therapeutic resistance. The recent US Food and Drug Administration approvals of novel targeted therapies such as inhibitors of B-cell receptor signaling and B-cell lymphoma 2 have opened up new opportunities in the clinical management of patients with CLL and heralded a new era in the clinical treatment of this disease. In parallel, the implementation of novel sequencing technologies has provided new insights into CLL complexity, identifying a growing list of putative drivers that underlie inter- and intratumor heterogeneities in CLL affecting disease progression and resistance. The identification of these novel genomic features that can indicate future drug resistance or guide therapeutic management is now becoming a major goal in CLL so that patients can best benefit from the increasingly diverse available therapies, as discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lazarian
- All authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Romain Guièze and Catherine J. Wu, Harvard Medical School; Catherine J. Wu, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Romain Guièze and Catherine J. Wu, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Gregory Lazarian, U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny; and Romain Guièze, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand and Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romain Guièze
- All authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Romain Guièze and Catherine J. Wu, Harvard Medical School; Catherine J. Wu, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Romain Guièze and Catherine J. Wu, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Gregory Lazarian, U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny; and Romain Guièze, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand and Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine J Wu
- All authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Romain Guièze and Catherine J. Wu, Harvard Medical School; Catherine J. Wu, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Romain Guièze and Catherine J. Wu, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Gregory Lazarian, U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny; and Romain Guièze, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand and Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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44
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The mutational signature of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Biochem J 2016; 473:3725-3740. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies continue to unravel the cancer genome, identifying key biological pathways important for disease pathogenesis and clinically relevant genetic lesions. These studies have provided unprecedented resolution of the cancer genome, facilitating significant advances in the ability to detect many cancers, and predict patients who will develop an aggressive disease or respond poorly to treatment. The mature B-cell neoplasm chronic lymphocytic leukaemia remains at the forefront of these genomic analyses, largely due its protracted natural history and the accessibility to suitable material for study. We now possess a comprehensive view of the genomic copy number mutational landscape of the disease, as well as a detail description of clonal evolution, and the molecular mechanisms that drive the acquisition of genomic lesions and more broadly, genomic complexity. Here, recent genomic insights with associated biological and clinical implications will be reviewed.
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45
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Surface IgM expression and function are associated with clinical behavior, genetic abnormalities, and DNA methylation in CLL. Blood 2016; 128:816-26. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-707786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
High sIgM level is a potential key factor associated with poorer clinical outcome in CLL. Genetic and epigenetic features influence sIgM levels and function in CLL.
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46
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Gooden CE, Jones P, Bates R, Shallenberger WM, Surti U, Swerdlow SH, Roth CG. CD49d shows superior performance characteristics for flow cytometric prognostic testing in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 94:129-135. [PMID: 27221715 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD49d is emerging as a powerful adverse prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). However, flow cytometric testing for CD49d has not yet been widely adopted in the United States, in part due to the lack of establishment of its performance characteristics in the clinical setting, especially in comparison with the more common CLL/SLL prognostic markers CD38 and ZAP-70. METHODS CD49d expression levels in 124 CLL/SLL cases were assessed among peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and lymph node (LN) specimens and correlated with available CD38 and ZAP-70 expression and cytogenetic findings. For 10 PB/BM specimens, the stability of CD49d, CD38, and ZAP-70 expression was assessed at <24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours. RESULTS 39% (28 of 71) PB, 56% (18 of 32) BM, and 71% (15 of 21) LN involved by CLL/SLL were CD49d+, using a ≥30% threshold. The mean for the CD49d+ cases was 2.8 standard deviations (SD) above the cutoff for positivity, compared with 1.7 SD for CD38 and 1.1 SD for ZAP-70. CD49d demonstrated the lowest mean SD (0.91) and coefficient of variation (CV) (8.0%) compared with CD38 (SD = 2.1, CV = 10.4%) and ZAP-70 (SD = 9.8, CV = 40.5%) in stability studies over a 96-hours time period. CD49d+ CLL/SLL correlated with trisomy 12 (P = 0.025) and lack of isolated deletion (13q) (P = 0.005). CD38+ CLL/SLL correlated with deletion (11q) (P = 0.025). ZAP-70 did not correlate with any underlying cytogenetic abnormality. CONCLUSIONS CD49d is a robust adverse prognostic marker in CLL/SLL with superior performance characteristics. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E Gooden
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruth Bates
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy M Shallenberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven H Swerdlow
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine G Roth
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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47
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Czikora A, Lundberg DJ, Abramovitz A, Lewin NE, Kedei N, Peach ML, Zhou X, Merritt RC, Craft EA, Braun DC, Blumberg PM. Structural Basis for the Failure of the C1 Domain of Ras Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Protein 2 (RasGRP2) to Bind Phorbol Ester with High Affinity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11133-47. [PMID: 27022025 PMCID: PMC4900263 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.725333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The C1 domain represents the recognition module for diacylglycerol and phorbol esters in protein kinase C, Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein (RasGRP), and related proteins. RasGRP2 is exceptional in that its C1 domain has very weak binding affinity (Kd = 2890 ± 240 nm for [(3)H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. We have identified four amino acid residues responsible for this lack of sensitivity. Replacing Asn(7), Ser(8), Ala(19), and Ile(21) with the corresponding residues from RasGRP1/3 (Thr(7), Tyr(8), Gly(19), and Leu(21), respectively) conferred potent binding affinity (Kd = 1.47 ± 0.03 nm) in vitro and membrane translocation in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in LNCaP cells. Mutant C1 domains incorporating one to three of the four residues showed intermediate behavior with S8Y making the greatest contribution. Binding activity for diacylglycerol was restored in parallel. The requirement for anionic phospholipid for [(3)H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding was determined; it decreased in going from the single S8Y mutant to the quadruple mutant. The full-length RasGRP2 protein with the mutated C1 domains also showed strong phorbol ester binding, albeit modestly weaker than that of the C1 domain alone (Kd = 8.2 ± 1.1 nm for the full-length protein containing all four mutations), and displayed translocation in response to phorbol ester. RasGRP2 is a guanyl exchange factor for Rap1. Consistent with the ability of phorbol ester to induce translocation of the full-length RasGRP2 with the mutated C1 domain, phorbol ester enhanced the ability of the mutated RasGRP2 to activate Rap1. Modeling confirmed that the four mutations helped the binding cleft maintain a stable conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Czikora
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel J Lundberg
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, D. C. 20002, and
| | - Adelle Abramovitz
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Noemi Kedei
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Megan L Peach
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Raymond C Merritt
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, D. C. 20002, and
| | - Elizabeth A Craft
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, D. C. 20002, and
| | - Derek C Braun
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, D. C. 20002, and
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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48
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Oscier D, Else M, Matutes E, Morilla R, Strefford JC, Catovsky D. The morphology of CLL revisited: the clinical significance of prolymphocytes and correlations with prognostic/molecular markers in the LRF CLL4 trial. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:767-75. [PMID: 27151266 PMCID: PMC4995732 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Historically, an increase in the percentage and number of circulating prolymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has been associated with strong expression of surface immunoglobulin, trisomy 12 and a poor outcome. This study re‐examines the biological and clinical significance of increased peripheral blood prolymphocytes in 508 patients at entry into the randomized UK Leukaemia Research Fund CLL4 trial. It also investigates the associations between increased prolymphocytes and a comprehensive array of biomarkers. 270 patients (53%) had <5% prolymphocytes, 167 (33%) had 5–9%, 60 (12%) had 10–14% and 11 (2%) had ≥15% prolymphocytes. We show that a higher proportion of prolymphocytes (≥10%) was independently associated with NOTCH1 mutations (P = 0·006), absence of 13q deletion (P = 0·001), high CD38 expression (P = 0·02) and unmutated IGHV genes (P = 0·01). Deaths due to Richter syndrome were significantly more common amongst patients who had ≥10% vs <10% prolymphocytes (13% vs 2%) respectively (P < 0·0001). ≥10% prolymphocytes was also associated with a shorter progression‐free survival (Hazard ratio [HR] 1·50 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·16–1·93], P = 0·002) and overall survival (HR 1·99 [95% CI: 1·53–2·59], P < 0·0001). Our data support the routine examination of blood films in CLL and suggest that a finding of an increased proportion of prolymphocytes may be a trigger for further evaluation of clinical and laboratory features of progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oscier
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Monica Else
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Estella Matutes
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ricardo Morilla
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Daniel Catovsky
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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49
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CD49d prevails over the novel recurrent mutations as independent prognosticator of overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:2011-2018. [PMID: 27109509 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD49d, the alpha-chain of the integrin heterodimer α4β1, was identified among the strongest predictors of overall survival (OS) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), along with IGHV mutational status and deletion of the 17p chromosome involving TP53. In addition to TP53, the clinical relevance of NOTCH1, SF3B1 and BIRC3 gene mutations has been recently emphasized. By analyzing a cohort of 778 unselected CLL patients, we assessed the clinical relevance of CD49d as an OS predictor in subgroups defined by mutation/deletion of the TP53, NOTCH1, SF3B1 and BIRC3 genes. In this context, CD49d emerged as an independent predictor of OS in multivariate Cox analysis (Hazard ratio =1.88, P<0.0001). Consistently, high CD49d expression identified CLL subsets with inferior OS in the context of each category of a previously reported hierarchical risk stratification model. Moreover, by evaluating the relative importance of biological prognosticators by random survival forests, CD49d was selected among the top-ranked OS predictor (variable importance =0.0410), along with IGHV mutational status and TP53 abnormalities. These results confirmed CD49d as an independent negative OS prognosticator in CLL also in comprehensive models comprising the novel recurrent mutations. In this context, TP53 disruption and NOTCH1 mutations retained prognostic relevance, in keeping with their roles in CLL cell immuno-chemoresistance.
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50
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Ganghammer S, Hutterer E, Hinterseer E, Brachtl G, Asslaber D, Krenn PW, Girbl T, Berghammer P, Geisberger R, Egle A, Zucchetto A, Kruschinski A, Gattei V, Chigaev A, Greil R, Hartmann TN. CXCL12-induced VLA-4 activation is impaired in trisomy 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells: a role for CCL21. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12048-60. [PMID: 25895128 PMCID: PMC4494922 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing to distinct lymphoid organs enables chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to receive pro-survival and proliferative signals. Cytogenetic aberrations can significantly affect CLL cell compartmentalization. Trisomy 12 (tri12) defines a CLL subgroup with specific clinical features and increased levels of the negative prognostic marker CD49d, the α4-subunit of the integrin VLA-4, which is a key regulator of CLL cell homing to bone marrow (BM). Chemokine-induced inside-out VLA-4 activation, particularly via the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, increases the arrest of various cell types on VCAM-1 presenting endothelium. Here, we demonstrate that high CD49d expression in tri12 CLL is accompanied by decreased CXCR4 expression. Dissecting functional consequences of these alterations, we observed that tri12 CLL cell homing to murine BM is not affected by CXCR4-CXCL12 blockage using AMD3100 or olaptesed pegol/NOX-A12. In line, CCL21-CCR7 rather than CXCL12-CXCR4 interactions triggered VLA-4-mediated arrests of tri12 CLL cells to VCAM-1 under blood flow conditions. Concordantly, in real-time kinetic analyses we found CCL21 but not CXCL12 being capable to induce inside-out VLA-4 conformational changes in this CLL subgroup. Our results provide novel insights into the peculiar clinico-biological behaviour of tri12 CLL and emphasize its specific chemokine and integrin utilization during pathophysiologically and therapeutically relevant interactions with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ganghammer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Evelyn Hutterer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Hinterseer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gabriele Brachtl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Asslaber
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter William Krenn
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tamara Girbl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petra Berghammer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Egle
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
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