1
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Chen Y, Pan M, Chen L, Peng M, Liu Z, Fang Y, Du Y, Yang Y, Xu P. Identification of a novel fusion gene, RARA::ANKRD34C, in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1181-1185. [PMID: 38294534 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a specific subtype of acute myeloid leukemia that is distinguished by the chromosomal translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21), which leads to the fusion of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene with the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA). Recently, we identified a novel fusion gene in APL, RARA::ankyrin repeat domain 34C (ANKRD34C), identified its functions by morphological, cytogenetic, molecular biological and multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses, and demonstrated the potential therapeutic effect clinically and experimentally of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA); the findings have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of atypical APL.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mengge Pan
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lanxin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Miaoxin Peng
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yiran Fang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yonggong Yang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Peipei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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2
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Bercier P, de Thé H. History of Developing Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treatment and Role of Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1351. [PMID: 38611029 PMCID: PMC11011038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The story of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) discovery, physiopathology, and treatment is a unique journey, transforming the most aggressive form of leukemia to the most curable. It followed an empirical route fueled by clinical breakthroughs driving major advances in biochemistry and cell biology, including the discovery of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and their central role in APL physiopathology. Beyond APL, PML NBs have emerged as key players in a wide variety of biological functions, including tumor-suppression and SUMO-initiated protein degradation, underscoring their broad importance. The APL story is an example of how clinical observations led to the incremental development of the first targeted leukemia therapy. The understanding of APL pathogenesis and the basis for cure now opens new insights in the treatment of other diseases, especially other acute myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bercier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France;
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France;
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Hôpital St Louis, AP/HP, 75010 Paris, France
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3
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Jin W, Dai Y, Chen L, Zhu H, Dong F, Zhu H, Meng G, Li J, Chen S, Chen Z, Fang H, Wang K. Cellular hierarchy insights reveal leukemic stem-like cells and early death risk in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1423. [PMID: 38365836 PMCID: PMC10873341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents a paradigm for targeted differentiation therapy, with a minority of patients experiencing treatment failure and even early death. We here report a comprehensive single-cell analysis of 16 APL patients, uncovering cellular compositions and their impact on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) response in vivo and early death. We unveil a cellular differentiation hierarchy within APL blasts, rooted in leukemic stem-like cells. The oncogenic PML/RARα fusion protein exerts branch-specific regulation in the APL trajectory, including stem-like cells. APL cohort analysis establishes an association of leukemic stemness with elevated white blood cell counts and FLT3-ITD mutations. Furthermore, we construct an APL-specific stemness score, which proves effective in assessing early death risk. Finally, we show that ATRA induces differentiation of primitive blasts and patients with early death exhibit distinct stemness-associated transcriptional programs. Our work provides a thorough survey of APL cellular hierarchies, offering insights into cellular dynamics during targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuting Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Honghu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Fangyi Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guoyu Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Kankan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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4
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Bercier P, Wang QQ, Zang N, Zhang J, Yang C, Maimaitiyiming Y, Abou-Ghali M, Berthier C, Wu C, Niwa-Kawakita M, Dirami T, Geoffroy MC, Ferhi O, Quentin S, Benhenda S, Ogra Y, Gueroui Z, Zhou C, Naranmandura H, de Thé H, Lallemand-Breitenbach V. Structural Basis of PML-RARA Oncoprotein Targeting by Arsenic Unravels a Cysteine Rheostat Controlling PML Body Assembly and Function. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2548-2565. [PMID: 37655965 PMCID: PMC10714139 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PML nuclear bodies (NB) are disrupted in PML-RARA-driven acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Arsenic trioxide (ATO) cures 70% of patients with APL, driving PML-RARA degradation and NB reformation. In non-APL cells, arsenic binding onto PML also amplifies NB formation. Yet, the actual molecular mechanism(s) involved remain(s) elusive. Here, we establish that PML NBs display some features of liquid-liquid phase separation and that ATO induces a gel-like transition. PML B-box-2 structure reveals an alpha helix driving B2 trimerization and positioning a cysteine trio to form an ideal arsenic-binding pocket. Altering either of the latter impedes ATO-driven NB assembly, PML sumoylation, and PML-RARA degradation, mechanistically explaining clinical ATO resistance. This B2 trimer and the C213 trio create an oxidation-sensitive rheostat that controls PML NB assembly dynamics and downstream signaling in both basal state and during stress response. These findings identify the structural basis for arsenic targeting of PML that could pave the way to novel cancer drugs. SIGNIFICANCE Arsenic curative effects in APL rely on PML targeting. We report a PML B-box-2 structure that drives trimer assembly, positioning a cysteine trio to form an arsenic-binding pocket, which is disrupted in resistant patients. Identification of this ROS-sensitive triad controlling PML dynamics and functions could yield novel drugs. See related commentary by Salomoni, p. 2505. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bercier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Public Health, School of Medicine and Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zang
- Public Health, School of Medicine and Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Public Health, School of Medicine and Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Public Health, School of Medicine and Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Public Health, School of Medicine and Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Majdouline Abou-Ghali
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Berthier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Chengchen Wu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michiko Niwa-Kawakita
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thassadite Dirami
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Omar Ferhi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Quentin
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Shirine Benhenda
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zoher Gueroui
- Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Chun Zhou
- Public Health, School of Medicine and Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Public Health, School of Medicine and Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Hôpital St Louis, AP/HP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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5
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Ananta, Benerjee S, Tchounwou PB, Kumar S. Mechanistic update of Trisenox in blood cancer. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 5:100166. [PMID: 38074774 PMCID: PMC10701371 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)/blood cancer is M3 type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) formed inside bone marrow through chromosomal translocation mutation usually between chromosome 15 & 17. It accounts around 10% cases of AML worldwide. Trisenox (TX/ATO) is used in chemotherapy for treatment of all age group of APL patients with highest efficacy and survival rate for longer period. High concentration of TX inhibits growth of APL cells by diverse mechanism however, it cures only PML-RARα fusion gene/oncogene containing APL patients. TX resistant APL patients (different oncogenic make up) have been reported from worldwide. This review summarizes updated mechanism of TX action via PML nuclear bodies formation, proteasomal degradation, autophagy, p53 activation, telomerase activity, heteromerization of pRb & E2F, and regulation of signaling mechanism in APL cells. We have also provided important information of combination therapy of TX with other molecules mechanism of action in acute leukemia cells. It provides updated information of TX action for researcher which may help finding new target for further research in APL pathophysiology or new TX resistant APL patients drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Swati Benerjee
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
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Rosati G, Camerlo S, Dalmazzo M, Padrini M, Busana TT, De Gobbi M, Fornari A, Morotti A. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia and Brugada Syndrome: A Report on the Safety of Arsenic Trioxide/All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Therapy. Hematol Rep 2023; 15:440-447. [PMID: 37489375 PMCID: PMC10366891 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep15030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare and aggressive form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Instead of cytotoxic chemotherapy, a combination of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) represents front-line therapy in low-risk patients. However, the therapeutic approach could be challenging in the case of a concomitant diagnosis of Brugada syndrome (BrS), a genetic disease characterized by an increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Here, we present the case of a BrS patient who has been diagnosed with low-risk APL and treated with ATRA and ATO without observing arrhythmic events. In particular, we highlight the difficulties encountered by clinicians during the diagnostic work-up and the choice of the best treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Rosati
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Sofia Camerlo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Dalmazzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Melissa Padrini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tommaso Busana
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco De Gobbi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fornari
- Department of Oncology, Division of Pathology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
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Duan X, Liu B, Yang M. Refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia with PLZF/RARa rearrangement: a case report and literature review. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:690-694. [PMID: 36729983 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with PLZF-RARa rearrangement have no obvious differentiation-inducing effect on retinoic acid, have a poor response to traditional chemotherapy, and have poor overall prognosis. A case of acute promyelocytic leukemia with PLZF / RARa rearrangement reported in this article was treated with induction chemotherapy with arsenic trioxide combined with a new anthracycline (idarubicin) cytotoxic chemotherapy. The patient achieved complete response in the bone marrow. After the first induction, and achieved molecular remission after the second consolidation chemotherapy. At present, the patient was followed up for 40 months after hematological and cytogenetic remission, and the PLZF / RARa real-time PCR test was continuously negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Duan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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9
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Iyer SG, Elias L, Stanchina M, Watts J. The treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in 2023: Paradigm, advances, and future directions. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1062524. [PMID: 36741714 PMCID: PMC9889825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1062524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transformation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) from an often fatal to highly curable cancer with long-term survival exceeding 90% is one of the greatest and most inspiring successes in oncology. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of APL heralded the introduction of highly effective therapies targeting the mutant protein that drives the disease, leading to the chemotherapy-free approach to cure almost all patients. In this review, we discuss the paradigm of treatment of APL in 2023, reinforce the high risk of early death without prompt initiation of treatment at first clinical suspicion, and dedicate a special focus to novel agents and future directions to improve cure rates and quality of life in patients affected by APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Girish Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Laila Elias
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michele Stanchina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Justin Watts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Justin Watts,
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10
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Chen Y, Li M, Wu H, Yuan S, Xia Y, Wang Y, Peng Y, Lan J, Wang Y. Arsenic trioxide induces proteasome dependent TBLR1-RARα degradation to improve leukemia eradication through cell differentiation enhancement. J Cancer 2022; 13:2301-2311. [PMID: 35517404 PMCID: PMC9066217 DOI: 10.7150/jca.66175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) mainly harbors PML-RARα fusion gene, which is sensitive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment. However, APL harboring other RARα fusion genes exhibit different drug sensitivity. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of TBLR1-RARα, a rare RARα fusion gene, on ATO treatment in leukemia cells. Methods: By constructing two cell models of leukemia cell line HL-60 and U937 with overexpressed TBLR1-RARα, we detected the cell differentiation in the two cell models after ATO treatment by flow cytometry and Wright staining. Meanwhile, cell viability, colony formation and apoptosis were also determined after ATO treatment. Results: We found that TBLR1-RARα enhanced ATO-induced apoptosis and cell proliferation inhibition. Besides, TBLR1-RARα also promoted ATO-induced cell differentiation. Furthermore, we found that the mitochondrial caspase pathway was involved in the apoptosis induced by ATO treatment in TBLR1-RARα positive leukemia cells. Moreover, ATO mediated TBLR1-RARα protein degradation via proteasome pathway, which accounts for the transcriptional activation of RARα target gene and is further involved in cell differentiation of TBLR1-RARα positive leukemia cells. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that TBLR1-RARα positive APL patients may benefit from ATO treatment, thereby improving the appropriate management in TBLR1-RARα positive APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Chen
- Cancer center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310014
| | - Manning Li
- Cancer center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310014
| | - Han Wu
- Cancer center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310014
| | - Shijin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310016
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310016
| | - Yingjian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310016
| | - Ye Peng
- Cancer center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310014
| | - Jianping Lan
- Cancer center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310014
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310016.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiasha Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310016
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11
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Ferrara F, Molica M, Bernardi M. Drug treatment options for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:117-127. [PMID: 34348549 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1961744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Until the late 1980s, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was the most rapidly fatal leukemia; however, nowadays, it is a curable disease with survival rates exceeding 90-95%. The improvement of APL outcome is mainly due to two agents, which target the typical translocation t(15;17) and its fusion transcript PML-RARα responsible for initiating and maintaining the disease: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). The story of APL represents a pioneering model for the development of precision medicine and curative chemotherapy-free approaches for acute leukemia. AREA COVERED The authors examine the major advances in the treatment of patients with APL focusing on three different eras: 1) the pre-ATRA era; 2) the ATRA era; 3) the ATO era. EXPERT OPINION The combination of ATRA and ATO is effective and curative for the majority of APL patients. It has been approved for low/intermediate risk cases while an experimental trial with a minimal addition of chemotherapy for high-risk ones is ongoing. Disease relapse is infrequent and can be cured with ATRA-ATO rechallenging, with or without subsequent transplantation depending on the interval between complete remission and relapse. New therapeutic landscapes contemplate the use of an oral chemo-free ATRA-ATO combination, implementing treatment as outpatient care, thus increasing quality of life and decreasing medical costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo Bernardi
- Haematology and BMT Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute via Olgettina 60, Milan
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12
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Lewis AC, Kats LM. Non-genetic heterogeneity, altered cell fate and differentiation therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12670. [PMID: 33555144 PMCID: PMC7933953 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered capacity for self‐renewal and differentiation is a hallmark of cancer, and many tumors are composed of cells with a developmentally immature phenotype. Among the malignancies where processes that govern cell fate decisions have been studied most extensively is acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a disease characterized by the presence of large numbers of “blasts” that resemble myeloid progenitors. Classically, the defining properties of AML cells were said to be aberrant self‐renewal and a block of differentiation, and the term “differentiation therapy” was coined to describe drugs that promote the maturation of leukemic blasts. Notionally however, the simplistic view that such agents “unblock” differentiation is at odds with the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis that posits that tumors are hierarchically organized and that CSCs, which underpin cancer growth, retain the capacity to progress to a developmentally more mature state. Herein, we will review recent developments that are providing unprecedented insights into non‐genetic heterogeneity both at steady state and in response to treatment, and propose a new conceptual framework for therapies that aim to alter cell fate decisions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lev M Kats
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically, morphologically, and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Like many malignancies, the genomic landscape of pediatric AML has been mapped recently through sequencing of large cohorts of patients. Much has been learned about the biology of AML through studies of specific recurrent genetic lesions. Further, genetic lesions have been linked to specific clinical features, response to therapy, and outcome, leading to improvements in risk stratification. Lastly, targeted therapeutic approaches have been developed for the treatment of specific genetic lesions, some of which are already having a positive impact on outcomes. While the advances made based on the discoveries of sequencing studies are significant, much work is left. The biologic, clinical, and prognostic impact of a number of genetic lesions, including several seemingly unique to pediatric patients, remains undefined. While targeted approaches are being explored, for most, the efficacy and tolerability when incorporated into standard therapy is yet to be determined. Furthermore, the challenge of how to study small subpopulations with rare genetic lesions in an already rare disease will have to be considered. In all, while questions and challenges remain, precisely defining the genomic landscape of AML, holds great promise for ultimately leading to improved outcomes for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Conneely
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, Feigin Tower, Suite 1025, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rachel E Rau
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, Feigin Tower, Suite 1025, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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14
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Rashid A, Wang R, Zhang L, Yue J, Yang M, Yen A. Dissecting the novel partners of nuclear c-Raf and its role in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced myeloblastic leukemia cells differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:111989. [PMID: 32283065 PMCID: PMC10656057 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an anti-cancer differentiation therapy agent effective for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but not acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in general. Using the HL-60 human non-APL AML model where ATRA causes nuclear enrichment of c-Raf that drives differentiation and G1/G0 cell cycle arrest, we now observe that c-Raf in the nucleus showed novel interactions with several prominent regulators of the cell cycle and cell differentiation. One is cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). ATRA treatment caused c-Raf to dissociate from Cdk2. This was associated with enhanced binding of Cdk2 with retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). Consistent with this novel Raf/CDK2/RARα axis contributing to differentiation, CD38 expression per cell, which is transcriptionally regulated by a retinoic acid response element (RARE), is enhanced. The RB tumor suppressor, a fundamental regulator of G1 cell cycle progression or arrest, was also targeted by c-Raf in the nucleus. RB and specifically the S608 phosphorylated form (pS608RB) complexed with c-Raf. ATRA treatment induced S608RB-hypophosphorylation associated with G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and release of c-Raf from RB. We also found that nuclear c-Raf interacted with SMARCD1, a pioneering component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. ATRA treatment diminished the amount of this protein bound to c-Raf. The data suggest that ATRA treatment to HL-60 human cells re-directed c-Raf from its historically pro-proliferation functions in the cytoplasm to pro-differentiation functions in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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15
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Geoffroy MC, de Thé H. Classic and Variants APLs, as Viewed from a Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E967. [PMID: 32295268 PMCID: PMC7226009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are caused by PML-RARA, a translocation-driven fusion oncoprotein discovered three decades ago. Over the years, several other types of rare X-RARA fusions have been described, while recently, oncogenic fusion proteins involving other retinoic acid receptors (RARB or RARG) have been associated to very rare cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia. PML-RARA driven pathogenesis and the molecular basis for therapy response have been the focus of many studies, which have now converged into an integrated physio-pathological model. The latter is well supported by clinical and molecular studies on patients, making APL one of the rare hematological disorder cured by targeted therapies. Here we review recent data on APL-like diseases not driven by the PML-RARA fusion and discuss these in view of current understanding of "classic" APL pathogenesis and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75010 Paris, France;
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), 75010 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75010 Paris, France;
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), 75010 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital St-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, 75005 Paris, France
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16
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Jimenez JJ, Chale RS, Abad AC, Schally AV. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): a review of the literature. Oncotarget 2020; 11:992-1003. [PMID: 32215187 PMCID: PMC7082115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is characterized by a block in differentiation where leukemic cells are halted at the promyelocyte stage. A characteristic balanced chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17 t (15;17) (q24; q21) is seen in 95% of cases — the translocation results in the formation of the PML-RARA fusion protein. The introduction of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been responsible for initially remarkable cure rates. However, relapsed APL, particularly in the high-risk subset of patients, remains an important clinical problem. In addition, despite the success of ATRA & ATO, many clinicians still elect to use cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of APL. Patients who become resistant to ATO have an increased risk of mortality. The probability of relapse is significantly higher in the high-risk subset of patients undergoing treatment for APL; overall approximately 10-20% of APL patients relapse regardless of their risk stratification. Furthermore, 20-25% of patients undergoing treatment will develop differentiation syndrome, a common side effect of differentiation agents. Recent evidence using in vitro models has shown that mutations in the B2 domain of the PML protein, mediate arsenic resistance. Alternative agents and approaches considering these clinical outcomes are needed to address ATO resistance as well as the relapse rate in high risk APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin J Jimenez
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ravinder S Chale
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea C Abad
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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17
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Robert G, Jacquel A, Auberger P. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy and Its Emerging Role in Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2019; 8:E1260. [PMID: 31623164 PMCID: PMC6830112 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) ensures the selective degradation of cellular proteins endowed with a KFERQ-like motif by lysosomes. It is estimated that 30% of all cellular proteins can be directed to the lysosome for CMA degradation, but only a few substrates have been formally identified so far. Mechanistically, the KFERQ-like motifs present in substrate proteins are recognized by the molecular chaperone Hsc70c (Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein cytosolic), also known as HSPA8, and directed to LAMP2A, which acts as the CMA receptor at the lysosomal surface. Following linearization, the protein substrate is next transported to the lumen of the lysosomes, where it is degraded by resident proteases, mainly cathepsins and eventually recycled to sustain cellular homeostasis. CMA is induced by different stress conditions, including energy deprivation that also activates macro-autophagy (MA), that may make it difficult to decipher the relative impact of both pathways on cellular homeostasis. Besides common inducing triggers, CMA and MA might be induced as compensatory mechanisms when either mechanism is altered, as it is the often the case in different pathological settings. Therefore, CMA activation can compensate for alterations of MA and vice versa. In this context, these compensatory mechanisms, when occurring, may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Both processes have received particular attention from scientists and clinicians, since modulation of MA and CMA may have a profound impact on cellular proteostasis, metabolism, death, differentiation, and survival and, as such, could be targeted for therapeutic intervention in degenerative and immune diseases, as well as in cancer, including hematopoietic malignancies. The role of MA in cancer initiation and progression is now well established, but whether and how CMA is involved in tumorigenesis has been only sparsely explored. In the present review, we encompass the description of the mechanisms involved in CMA, its function in the physiology and pathogenesis of hematopoietic cells, its emerging role in cancer initiation and development, and, finally, the potential therapeutic opportunity to target CMA or CMA-mediated compensatory mechanisms in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Robert
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine ,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm1065, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine ,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm1065, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine ,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm1065, 06100 Nice, France.
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18
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Realgar transforming solution-induced differentiation of NB4 cell by the degradation of PML/RARα partially through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:684-694. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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ACTL6A interacts with p53 in acute promyelocytic leukemia cell lines to affect differentiation via the Sox2/Notch1 signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 53:390-399. [PMID: 30448346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actin-like 6A (ACTL6A), a component of BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, is important for cell differentiation. Nevertheless, its role and mechanism in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has not been reported. To identify the genes that may participate in the development of APL, we analyzed data from an APL cDNA microarray (GSE12662) in the NCBI database, and found that ACTL6A was up-regulated in APL patients. Subsequently, we investigated the function and mechanisms of ACTL6A in myeloid cell development. The expression of ACTL6A was gradually decreased during granulocytic differentiation in all-trans retinoic acid-treated NB4 and HL-60 cells, and phorbol myristate acetate-treated HL-60 cells. We also found that knockdown of ACTL6A promoted differentiation in NB4 and HL-60 cells, and decreased the levels of Sox2 and Notch1. Mechanistically, ACTL6A interacted with and was co-localized with Sox2 and p53. Meanwhile, CBL0137, an activator of p53, decreased the expression of ACTL6A and promoted differentiation in NB4 and HL-60 cells. These findings suggest that the inhibition of ACTL6A promotes differentiation via the Sox2 and Notch1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, the differentiation promoted by inhibiting ACTL6A could be regulated by p53 via its physical interaction with ACTL6A.
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20
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Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of CDK2 drives the therapeutic differentiation of AML by targeting PRDX2. Blood 2018; 131:2698-2711. [PMID: 29720484 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-813139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinct hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the arrest of leukemic myeloblasts at an immature stage of development. Therapies that overcome differentiation arrest have emerged as a powerful strategy for treating AML, but targeting leukemia differentiation remains challenging, mainly because of an incomplete mechanistic understanding of the process. Here, we unveil a new role for cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in blocking myeloid differentiation in AML. We show that among several interphase CDK, only CDK2 undergoes ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation, which is accompanied by AML cell differentiation. By using the yeast 2-hybrid system and functional analyses, KLHL6 was identified as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase regulating the degradation of CDK2. Importantly, inhibiting CDK2, but not other cyclin-dependent kinases CDK1/4/6, effectively induced granulocytic differentiation in AML cell lines and 5 major subtypes of primary patient-derived AML samples. Mechanistically, CDK2 depletion led to the reactivation of differentiation pathway translation, and the differentiation blockade function of CDK2 may be achieved directly by maintaining the activity of PRDX2. Finally, CDK2 depletion arrested tumor growth of AML cells in nude mice and extended survival in both AML cell line and PDX-AML cells derived xenograft mouse models. Thus, our work not only provides experimental evidence for validating CDK2 as a potential therapeutic target for differentiation, but also uncovers the biological function of the CDK2-PRDX2 axis in blocking AML differentiation.
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21
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Rejlova K, Musilova A, Kramarzova KS, Zaliova M, Fiser K, Alberich-Jorda M, Trka J, Starkova J. Low HOX gene expression in PML-RARα-positive leukemia results from suppressed histone demethylation. Epigenetics 2018; 13:73-84. [PMID: 29224413 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1413517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) genes are frequently dysregulated in leukemia. Previous studies have shown that aberrant HOX gene expression accompanies leukemogenesis and affects disease progression and leukemia patient survival. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bearing PML-RARα fusion gene have distinct HOX gene signature in comparison to other subtypes of AML patients, although the mechanism of transcription regulation is not completely understood. We previously found an association between the mRNA levels of HOX genes and those of the histone demethylases JMJD3 and UTX in PML-RARα- positive leukemia patients. Here, we demonstrate that the release of the PML-RARα-mediated block in PML-RARα-positive myeloid leukemia cells increased both JMJD3 and HOX gene expression, while inhibition of JMJD3 using the specific inhibitor GSK-J4 reversed the effect. This effect was driven specifically through PML-RARα fusion protein since expression changes did not occur in cells with mutated RARα and was independent of differentiation. We confirmed that gene expression levels were inversely correlated with alterations in H3K27me3 histone marks localized at HOX gene promoters. Furthermore, data from chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing broaden a list of clustered HOX genes regulated by JMJD3 in PML-RARα-positive leukemic cells. Interestingly, the combination of GSK-J4 and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly increased PML-RARα-positive cell apoptosis compared with ATRA treatment alone. This effect was also observed in ATRA-resistant NB4 clones, which may provide a new therapeutic opportunity for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) resistant to current treatment. The results of our study reveal the mechanism of HOX gene expression regulation and contribute to our understanding of APL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rejlova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alena Musilova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Skvarova Kramarzova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Karel Fiser
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Trka
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic.,c University Hospital Motol , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
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22
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Abstract
The concept of differentiation therapy emerged from the fact that hormones or cytokines may promote differentiation ex vivo, thereby irreversibly changing the phenotype of cancer cells. Its hallmark success has been the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), a condition that is now highly curable by the combination of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic. Recently, drugs that trigger differentiation in a variety of primary tumour cells have been identified, suggesting that they are clinically useful. This Opinion article analyses the basis for the clinical successes of RA or arsenic in APL by assessing the respective roles of terminal maturation and loss of self-renewal. By reviewing other successful examples of drug-induced tumour cell differentiation, novel approaches to transform differentiating drugs into more efficient therapies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité (INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; CNRS UMR 7212), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, 75010 Paris; and Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St Louis, 75010 Paris, France
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23
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Jiang KL, Zhong L, Yang XQ, Ma PP, Wang H, Zhu XY, Liu BZ. NLS-RARα is a novel transcriptional factor. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:7091-7098. [PMID: 29344139 PMCID: PMC5754919 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the presence of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor-α (RAR-α) fusion protein. PML-RARα can be cleaved by neutrophil elastase (NE) in several positions in cells in the promyelocytic stage, nuclear location signal (NLS)-negative PML and NLS-RARα may be the products of PML-RARα by NE. The function of NLS-RARα may be affected by the addition of NLS, which would alter its localization in cells, as the role of NLS is to identify proteins for transport to the nucleus. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of NLS-RARα in HL-60 cells could promote cellular proliferation and inhibit cellular differentiation. Following treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the degree of cellular differentiation was enhanced. In the present study, the localization of NLS-RARα was identified and its activity as a novel transcriptional factor was assessed, which may be critical in the development of APL. The location of NLS-RARα was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm by indirect immunofluorescence and western blot analysis, with expression in the nucleus revealed to be increased compared with that in the cytoplasm. Next, native-PAGE was performed and NLS-RARα and RXRα were revealed to form heterodimers in the nucleus. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation revealed an interaction between NLS-RARα and retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα). An electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that NLS-RARα could bind retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the presence of ATRA. Indeed, NLS-RARα could bind RAREs just as WTRARα could, including the RAREs direct repeat-2 (DR-2) and DR-5. In addition, results from a luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that NLS-RARα could mediate the activity of RAREs that it bound. Together, these results indicated that NLS-RARα may be a novel transcription factor that contributes to leukemogenesis by competitively binding RAREs as heterodimers with RXRα, just as PML-RARα does, thus repressing the gene transcription essential for myeloid differentiation. These findings indicate the potential role of NLS-RARα targeted therapy in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ling Jiang
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China.,Clinical Laboratory of Liangping District People's Hospital, Chongqing 405200, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Zhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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24
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de Thé H, Pandolfi PP, Chen Z. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Paradigm for Oncoprotein-Targeted Cure. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:552-560. [PMID: 29136503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that the immense majority of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients can be definitively cured by the combination of two targeted therapies: retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic. Mouse models have provided unexpected insights into the mechanisms involved. Restoration of PML nuclear bodies upon RA- and/or arsenic-initiated PML/RARA degradation is essential, while RA-triggered transcriptional activation is dispensable for APL eradication. Mutations of the arsenic-binding site of PML/RARA, but also PML, have been detected in therapy-resistant patients, demonstrating the key role of PML in APL cure. PML nuclear bodies are druggable and could be harnessed in other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, Chaire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
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25
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Xu L, Zeng Z, Zhang W, Ren G, Ling X, Huang F, Xie P, Su Y, Zhang XK, Zhou H. RXRα ligand Z-10 induces PML-RARα cleavage and APL cell apoptosis through disrupting PML-RARα/RXRα complex in a cAMP-independent manner. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12311-12322. [PMID: 28129653 PMCID: PMC5355346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The major oncogenic driver of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the fusion protein PML-RARα originated from the chromosomal translocation t(15;17). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide cure most patients by directly targeting PML-RARα. However, major issues including the resistance of ATRA and arsenic therapy still remain in APL clinical management. Here we showed that compound Z-10, a nitro-ligand of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), strongly promoted the cAMP-independent apoptosis of both ATRA- sensitive and resistant NB4 cells via the induction of caspase-mediated PML-RARα degradation. RXRα was vital for the stability of both PML-RARα and RARα likely through the interactions. The binding of Z-10 to RXRα dramatically inhibited the interaction of RXRα with PML-RARα but not with RARα, leading to Z-10's selective induction of PML-RARα but not RARα degradation. Z-36 and Z-38, two derivatives of Z-10, had improved potency of inducing PML-RARα reduction and NB4 cell apoptosis. Hence, RXRα ligand Z-10 and its derivatives could target both ATRA- sensitive and resistant APL cells through their distinct acting mechanism, and are potential drug leads for APL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gaoang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobin Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peizhen Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Yao S, Zhong L, Chen M, Zhao Y, Li L, Liu L, Xu T, Xiao C, Gan L, Shan Z, Liu B. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes all-trans retinoic acid-induced maturation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells via PTEN. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:899-906. [PMID: 28766684 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinctive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which the hybrid protein promyelocytic leukemia protein/retinoic acid receptor α (PML/RARα) acts as a transcriptional repressor impairing the expression of genes that are critical to myeloid cell mutation. We aimed at explaining the molecular mechanism of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) enhancement of ATRA-induced APL cell line differentiation. Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was found downregulated in NB4 cells and rescued by proteases inhibitor MG132. A significant increase of PTEN levels was found in NB4, HL-60 and THP-1 cells upon ATRA combined with EGCG treatment, paralleled by increased myeloid differentiation marker CD11b. EGCG in synergy with ATRA promote degradation of PML/RARα and restores PML expression, and increase the level of nuclear PTEN. Pretreatment of PTEN inhibitor SF1670 enhances the PI3K signaling pathway and represses NB4 cell differentiation. Moreover, the induction of PTEN attenuated the Akt phosphorylation levels, pretreatment of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in NB4 cells, significantly augmented the cell differentiation and increased the expression of PTEN. These results therefore indicate that EGCG targets PML/RARα oncoprotein for degradation and potentiates differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells in combination with ATRA via PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifei Yao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Lianwen Li
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Chunlan Xiao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Liugen Gan
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Shan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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27
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Saulle E, Petronelli A, Pelosi E, Coppotelli E, Pasquini L, Ilari R, Lo-Coco F, Testa U. PML-RAR alpha induces the downmodulation of HHEX: a key event responsible for the induction of an angiogenetic response. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:33. [PMID: 27052408 PMCID: PMC4823896 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies indicate that angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Among the various AMLs, the bone marrow angiogenetic response is particularly pronounced in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this angiogenetic response are largely unknown. In the present study, we have explored the role of HHEX, a homeodomain transcription factor, as a possible mediator of the pro-angiogenetic response observed in APL. This transcription factor seems to represent an ideal candidate for this biologic function because it is targeted by PML-RARα, is capable of interaction with PML and PML-RARα, and acts as a regulator of the angiogenetic response. Methods We used various cellular systems of APL, including primary APL cells and leukemic cells engineered to express PML-RARα, to explore the role of the PML-RARα fusion protein on HHEX expression. Molecular and biochemical techniques have been used to investigate the mechanisms through which PML-RARα downmodulates HHEX and the functional consequences of this downmodulation at the level of the expression of various angiogenetic genes, cell proliferation and differentiation. Results Our results show that HHEX expression is clearly downmodulated in APL and that this effect is directly mediated by a repressive targeting of the HHEX gene promoter by PML-RARα. Studies carried out in primary APL cells and in a cell line model of APL with inducible PML-RARα expression directly support the view that this fusion protein through HHEX downmodulation stimulates the expression of various genes involved in angiogenesis and inhibits cell differentiation. Conclusions Our data suggest that HHEX downmodulation by PML-RARα is a key event during APL pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0262-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Saulle
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Petronelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Coppotelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Ilari
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Ablain J, Poirot B, Esnault C, Lehmann-Che J, de Thé H. p53 as an Effector or Inhibitor of Therapy Response. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 6:a026260. [PMID: 26637438 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although integrity of the p53 signaling pathway in a given tumor was expected to be a critical determinant of response to therapies, most clinical studies failed to link p53 status and treatment outcome. Here, we present two opposite situations: one in which p53 is an essential effector of cure by targeted leukemia therapies and another one in advanced breast cancers in which p53 inactivation is required for the clinical efficacy of dose-dense chemotherapy. If p53 promotes or blocks therapy response, therapies must be tailored on its status in individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ablain
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Poirot
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Esnault
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Lehmann-Che
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
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29
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Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide trigger degradation of mutated NPM1, resulting in apoptosis of AML cells. Blood 2015; 125:3447-54. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-612416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
RA/arsenic induces proteasomal degradation of mutant NPM1, yielding AML growth arrest and apoptosis. RA/arsenic treatment restored nucleolar localization of NPM1 and significantly reduced bone marrow blasts in NPM1 mutant AML patients.
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