|
1
|
Neoantigen-Specific T-Cell Immune Responses: The Paradigm of NPM1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179159. [PMID: 34502069 PMCID: PMC8431540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal aminoacidic sequence from NPM1-mutated protein, absent in normal human tissues, may serve as a leukemia-specific antigen and can be considered an ideal target for NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) immunotherapy. Different in silico instruments and in vitro/ex vivo immunological platforms have identified the most immunogenic epitopes from NPM1-mutated protein. Spontaneous development of endogenous NPM1-mutated-specific cytotoxic T cells has been observed in patients, potentially contributing to remission maintenance and prolonged survival. Genetically engineered T cells, namely CAR-T or TCR-transduced T cells, directed against NPM1-mutated peptides bound to HLA could prospectively represent a promising therapeutic approach. Although either adoptive or vaccine-based immunotherapies are unlikely to be highly effective in patients with full-blown leukemia, these strategies, potentially in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, could be promising in maintaining remission or preemptively eradicating persistent measurable residual disease, mainly in patients ineligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Alternatively, neoantigen-specific donor lymphocyte infusion derived from healthy donors and targeting NPM1-mutated protein to selectively elicit graft-versus-leukemia effect may represent an attractive option in subjects experiencing post-HSCT relapse. Future studies are warranted to further investigate dynamics of NPM1-mutated-specific immunity and explore whether novel individualized immunotherapies may have potential clinical utility in NPM1-mutated AML patients.
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Nasillo V, Riva G, Paolini A, Forghieri F, Roncati L, Lusenti B, Maccaferri M, Messerotti A, Pioli V, Gilioli A, Bettelli F, Giusti D, Barozzi P, Lagreca I, Maffei R, Marasca R, Potenza L, Comoli P, Manfredini R, Maiorana A, Tagliafico E, Luppi M, Trenti T. Inflammatory Microenvironment and Specific T Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Immunopathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041906. [PMID: 33672997 PMCID: PMC7918142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are malignancies of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) arising as a consequence of clonal proliferation driven by somatically acquired driver mutations in discrete genes (JAK2, CALR, MPL). In recent years, along with the advances in molecular characterization, the role of immune dysregulation has been achieving increasing relevance in the pathogenesis and evolution of MPNs. In particular, a growing number of studies have shown that MPNs are often associated with detrimental cytokine milieu, expansion of the monocyte/macrophage compartment and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as altered functions of T cells, dendritic cells and NK cells. Moreover, akin to solid tumors and other hematological malignancies, MPNs are able to evade T cell immune surveillance by engaging the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, whose pharmacological blockade with checkpoint inhibitors can successfully restore effective antitumor responses. A further interesting cue is provided by the recent discovery of the high immunogenic potential of JAK2V617F and CALR exon 9 mutations, that could be harnessed as intriguing targets for innovative adoptive immunotherapies. This review focuses on the recent insights in the immunological dysfunctions contributing to the pathogenesis of MPNs and outlines the potential impact of related immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Nasillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-422-2173
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Beatrice Lusenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Messerotti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Valeria Pioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Gilioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Francesca Bettelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Davide Giusti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Ivana Lagreca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit and Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “S. Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Nasillo V, Riva G, Paolini A, Forghieri F, Roncati L, Lusenti B, Maccaferri M, Messerotti A, Pioli V, Gilioli A, Bettelli F, Giusti D, Barozzi P, Lagreca I, Maffei R, Marasca R, Potenza L, Comoli P, Manfredini R, Maiorana A, Tagliafico E, Luppi M, Trenti T. Inflammatory Microenvironment and Specific T Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Immunopathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 33672997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041906.pmid:33672997;pmcid:pmc7918142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are malignancies of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) arising as a consequence of clonal proliferation driven by somatically acquired driver mutations in discrete genes (JAK2, CALR, MPL). In recent years, along with the advances in molecular characterization, the role of immune dysregulation has been achieving increasing relevance in the pathogenesis and evolution of MPNs. In particular, a growing number of studies have shown that MPNs are often associated with detrimental cytokine milieu, expansion of the monocyte/macrophage compartment and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as altered functions of T cells, dendritic cells and NK cells. Moreover, akin to solid tumors and other hematological malignancies, MPNs are able to evade T cell immune surveillance by engaging the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, whose pharmacological blockade with checkpoint inhibitors can successfully restore effective antitumor responses. A further interesting cue is provided by the recent discovery of the high immunogenic potential of JAK2V617F and CALR exon 9 mutations, that could be harnessed as intriguing targets for innovative adoptive immunotherapies. This review focuses on the recent insights in the immunological dysfunctions contributing to the pathogenesis of MPNs and outlines the potential impact of related immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Nasillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Lusenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Messerotti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Pioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Gilioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Bettelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Giusti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Lagreca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit and Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
BCR: a promiscuous fusion partner in hematopoietic disorders. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2738-2754. [PMID: 31105873 PMCID: PMC6505627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular basis of hematopoietic cancers. The discovery of the BCR-ABL fusion protein over 50 years ago has brought about a new era of therapeutic progress and overall improvement in patient care, mainly due to the development and use of personalized medicine and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, since the detection of BCR-ABL, BCR has been identified as a commonly occurring fusion partner in hematopoietic disorders. BCR has been discovered fused to additional tyrosine kinases, including: Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1), Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFRA), Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET), and Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2). While BCR translocations are infrequent in hematopoietic malignancies, clinical evidence suggests that patients who harbor these mutations benefit from TKIs and additional personalized therapies. The improvement of further methodologies for characterization of these fusions is crucial to determine a patient’s treatment regimen, and optimal outcome. However, potential relapse and drug resistance among patients’ highlights the need for additional treatment options and further understanding of these oncogenic fusion proteins. This review explores the mechanisms behind cancer progression of these BCR oncogenic fusion proteins, comparing their similarities and differences, examining the significance of BCR as a partner gene, and discussing current treatment options for these translocation-induced hematopoietic malignancies.
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Forghieri F, Riva G, Lagreca I, Barozzi P, Vallerini D, Morselli M, Paolini A, Bresciani P, Colaci E, Maccaferri M, Gilioli A, Nasillo V, Messerotti A, Pioli V, Arletti L, Giusti D, Bettelli F, Celli M, Donatelli F, Corradini G, Basso S, Gurrado A, Cellini M, Trenti T, Marasca R, Narni F, Martelli MP, Falini B, Potenza L, Luppi M, Comoli P. Characterization and dynamics of specific T cells against nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1)-mutated peptides in patients with NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2019; 10:869-882. [PMID: 30783516 PMCID: PMC6368236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin(NPM1)-mutated protein, a leukemia-specific antigen, represents an ideal target for AML immunotherapy. We investigated the dynamics of NPM1-mutated-specific T cells on PB and BM samples, collected from 31 adult NPM1-mutated AML patients throughout the disease course, and stimulated with mixtures of 18 short and long peptides (9-18mers), deriving from the complete C-terminal of the NPM1-mutated protein. Two 9-mer peptides, namely LAVEEVSLR and AVEEVSLRK (13.9-14.9), were identified as the most immunogenic epitopes. IFNγ-producing NPM1-mutated-specific T cells were observed by ELISPOT assay after stimulation with peptides 13.9-14.9 in 43/85 (50.6%) PB and 34/80 (42.5%) BM samples. An inverse correlation between MRD kinetics and anti-leukemic specific T cells was observed. Cytokine Secretion Assays allowed to predominantly and respectively identify Effector Memory and Central Memory T cells among IFNγ-producing and IL2-producing T cells. Moreover, NPM1-mutated-specific CTLs against primary leukemic blasts or PHA-blasts pulsed with different peptide pools could be expanded ex vivo from NPM1-mutated AML patients or primed in healthy donors. We describe the spontaneous appearance and persistence of NPM1-mutated-specific T cells, which may contribute to the maintenance of long-lasting remissions. Future studies are warranted to investigate the potential role of both autologous and allogeneic adoptive immunotherapy in NPM1-mutated AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Forghieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Unità Sanitaria Locale, Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Lagreca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Vallerini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Morselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Bresciani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colaci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Gilioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nasillo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Messerotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Pioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Arletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Giusti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Bettelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Melania Celli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Donatelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corradini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basso
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Gurrado
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Cellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Unità Sanitaria Locale, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Narni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology, Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologico, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology, Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologico, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|