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Luo D, Qiu X, Zheng Q, Ming Y, Pu W, Ai M, He J, Peng Y. Discovery of Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10655-10686. [PMID: 38913699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncogenic membrane protein in several malignancies and has been considered an attractive target for the treatment of human cancers. In this study, structure-based virtual screening and structure optimization were conducted to identify novel ROR1 inhibitors. Based on hit compound 2, 45 novel ROR1 inhibitors were designed and synthesized, and the detailed structure-activity relationship was investigated. Representative compound 19h potently binds ROR1 with a KD value of 0.10 μM, exhibiting antitumor activity in lung cancer and breast cancer cell lines (IC50: 0.36-1.37 μM). Additionally, a mechanism investigation demonstrated that compound 19h induces the apoptosis of tumor cells. Importantly, compound 19h significantly suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model without obvious toxicity. Overall, this work identified compound 19h as a new ROR1 inhibitor, providing a novel lead compound for the treatment of lung cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingyang Qiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qingquan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wencheng Pu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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Wu ZL, Wang Y, Jia XY, Wang YG, Wang H. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1: A novel antitumor target in gastrointestinal cancers. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:603-613. [PMID: 38835843 PMCID: PMC11145958 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i5.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a member of the type I receptor tyrosine kinase family. ROR1 is pivotal in embryonic development and cancer, and serves as a biomarker and therapeutic target. It has soluble and membrane-bound subtypes, with the latter highly expressed in tumors. ROR1 is conserved throughout evolution and may play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer through multiple signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Studies suggest that overexpression of ROR1 may increase tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Additionally, ROR1 may regulate the cell cycle, stem cell characteristics, and interact with other signaling pathways to affect cancer progression. This review explores the structure, expression and role of ROR1 in the development of gastrointestinal cancers. It discusses current antitumor strategies, outlining challenges and prospects for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Long Wu
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou 311201, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Jia
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Gang Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou 311201, Zhejiang Province, China
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Nairuz T, Mahmud Z, Manik RK, Kabir Y. Cancer stem cells: an insight into the development of metastatic tumors and therapy resistance. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10529-x. [PMID: 37129728 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The term "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) refers to cancer cells that exhibit traits parallel to normal stem cells, namely the potential to give rise to every type of cell identified in a tumor microenvironment. It has been found that CSCs usually develops from other neoplastic cells or non-cancerous somatic cells by acquiring stemness and malignant characteristics through particular genetic modifications. A trivial number of CSCs, identified in solid and liquid cancer, can give rise to an entire tumor population with aggressive anticancer drug resistance, metastasis, and invasiveness. Besides, cancer stem cells manipulate their intrinsic and extrinsic features, regulate the metabolic pattern of the cell, adjust efflux-influx efficiency, modulate different signaling pathways, block apoptotic signals, and cause genetic and epigenetic alterations to retain their pluripotency and ability of self-renewal. Notably, to keep the cancer stem cells' ability to become malignant cells, mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, etc., interact with one another. Furthermore, CSCs are characterized by the expression of particular molecular markers that carry significant diagnostic and prognostic significance. Because of this, scientific research on CSCs is becoming increasingly imperative, intending to understand the traits and behavior of cancer stem cells and create more potent anticancer therapeutics to fight cancer at the CSC level. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the critical role of CSCs in the onset and spread of cancer and the characteristics of CSCs that promote severe resistance to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Nairuz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Khan Manik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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Quezada MJ, Lopez-Bergami P. The signaling pathways activated by ROR1 in cancer. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110588. [PMID: 36621728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a receptor for WNT5A and related Wnt proteins, that play an important role during embryonic development by regulating cell migration, cell polarity, neural patterning, and organogenesis. ROR1 exerts these functions by transducing signals from the Wnt secreted glycoproteins to the intracellular Wnt/PCP and Wnt/Ca++ pathways. Investigations in adult human cells, particularly cancer cells, have demonstrated that besides these two pathways, the WNT5A/ROR1 axis can activate a number of signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, STAT3, and Hippo pathways. Moreover, ROR1 is aberrantly expressed in cancer and was associated with tumor progression and poor survival by promoting cell proliferation, survival, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Consequently, numerous therapeutic tools to target ROR1 are currently being evaluated in cancer patients. In this review, we will provide a detailed description of the signaling pathways regulated by ROR1 in cancer and their impact in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Josefina Quezada
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
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Yao W, Zhou P, Yan Q, Wu X, Xia Y, Li W, Li X, Zhu F. ERVWE1 Reduces Hippocampal Neuron Density and Impairs Dendritic Spine Morphology through Inhibiting Wnt/JNK Non-Canonical Pathway via miR-141-3p in Schizophrenia. Viruses 2023; 15:168. [PMID: 36680208 PMCID: PMC9863209 DOI: 10.3390/v15010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancestral germline infections by exogenous retroviruses. Human endogenous retroviruses W family envelope gene (HERV-W env, also called ERVWE1), located on chromosome 7q21-22, encodes an envelope glycoprotein from the HERV-W family. Mounting evidence suggests that aberrant expression of ERVWE1 involves the etiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, the genetic and morphological studies indicate that dendritic spine deficits may contribute to the onset of schizophrenia. Here, we reported that ERVWE1 changed the density and morphology of the dendritic spine through inhibiting Wingless-type (Wnt)/c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) non-canonical pathway via miR-141-3p in schizophrenia. In this paper, we found elevated levels of miR-141-3p and a significant positive correlation with ERVWE1 in schizophrenia. Moreover, serum Wnt5a and actin-related protein 2 (Arp2) levels decreased and demonstrated a significant negative correlation with ERVWE1 in schizophrenia. In vitro experiments disclosed that ERVWE1 up-regulated miR-141-3p expression by interacting with transcription factor (TF) Yin Yang 1 (YY1). YY1 modulated miR-141-3p expression by binding to its promoter. The luciferase assay revealed that YY1 enhanced the promoter activity of miR-141-3p. Using the miRNA target prediction databases and luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that miR-141-3p targeted Wnt5a at its 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Furthermore, ERVWE1 suppressed the expression of Arp2 through non-canonical pathway, Wnt5a/JNK signaling pathway. In addition, ERVWE1 inhibited Wnt5a/JNK/Arp2 signal pathway through miR-141-3p. Finally, functional assays showed that ERVWE1 induced the abnormalities in hippocampal neuron morphology and spine density through inhibiting Wnt/JNK non-canonical pathway via miR-141-3p in schizophrenia. Our findings indicated that miR-141-3p, Wnt5a, and Arp2 might be potential clinical blood-based biomarkers or therapeutic targets for schizophrenia. Our work also provided new insight into the role of ERVWE1 in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiujin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yaru Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Abstract
Since its initial identification in 1992 as a possible class 1 cell-surface receptor without a known parent ligand, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) has stimulated research, which has made apparent its significance in embryonic development and cancer. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was the first malignancy found to have distinctive expression of ROR1, which can help distinguish leukemia cells from most noncancer cells. Aside from its potential utility as a diagnostic marker or target for therapy, ROR1 also factors in the pathophysiology of CLL. This review is a report of the studies that have elucidated the expression, biology, and evolving strategies for targeting ROR1 that hold promise for improving the therapy of patients with CLL or other ROR1-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Kipps
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Ji L, Xu S, Luo H, Zeng F. Insights from DOCK2 in cell function and pathophysiology. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:997659. [PMID: 36250020 PMCID: PMC9559381 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.997659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) can activate the downstream small G protein Rac and regulate cytoskeletal reorganization. DOCK2 is essential for critical physiological processes such as migration, activation, proliferation, and effects of immune cells, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. For example, DOCK2 is involved in the development and activation of T and B lymphocytes by affecting synapse formation and inhibiting the development of the Th2 lineage by downregulating IL-4Rα surface expression. Not only that, DOCK2 may be a molecular target for controlling cardiac transplant rejection and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients with defects in the DOCK2 gene also exhibit a variety of impaired cellular functions, such as chemotactic responses of lymphocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils. To date, DOCK2 has been shown to be involved in the development of various diseases, including AD, pneumonia, myocarditis, colitis, tumors, etc. DOCK2 plays different roles in these diseases and the degree of inflammatory response has a different impact on the progression of disease. In this paper, we present a review of recent advances in the function of DOCK2 in various immune cells and its role in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
| | - Shuquan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiqing Luo
- Organoid Research Center, Xiamen Broad Creation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- Research and Development Center, Xiamen Mogengel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
| | - Fanwei Zeng
- Organoid Research Center, Xiamen Broad Creation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- Research and Development Center, Xiamen Mogengel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
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Min JK, Park HS, Lee YB, Kim JG, Kim JI, Park JB. Cross-Talk between Wnt Signaling and Src Tyrosine Kinase. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051112. [PMID: 35625853 PMCID: PMC9138253 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, was first discovered as a prototype oncogene and has been shown to critical for cancer progression for a variety of tissues. Src activity is regulated by a number of post-translational modifications in response to various stimuli. Phosphorylations of Src Tyr419 (human; 416 in chicken) and Src Tyr530 (human; 527 in chicken) have been known to be critical for activation and inactivation of Src, respectively. Wnt signaling regulates a variety of cellular functions including for development and cell proliferation, and has a role in certain diseases such as cancer. Wnt signaling is carried out through two pathways: β-catenin-dependent canonical and β-catenin-independent non-canonical pathways as Wnt ligands bind to their receptors, Frizzled, LRP5/6, and ROR1/2. In addition, many signaling components including Axin, APC, Damm, Dishevelled, JNK kinase and Rho GTPases contribute to these canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. However, the communication between Wnt signaling and Src tyrosine kinase has not been well reviewed as Src regulates Wnt signaling through LRP6 tyrosine phosphorylation. GSK-3β phosphorylated by Wnt also regulates Src activity. As Wnt signaling and Src mutually regulate each other, it is noted that aberrant regulation of these components give rise to various diseases including typically cancer, and as such, merit a closer look.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hwee-Seon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-I.K.)
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoon-Beom Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-I.K.)
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2542; Fax: +82-33-244-8425
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Endo M, Kamizaki K, Minami Y. The Ror-Family Receptors in Development, Tissue Regeneration and Age-Related Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:891763. [PMID: 35493090 PMCID: PMC9043558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.891763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ror-family proteins, Ror1 and Ror2, act as receptors or co-receptors for Wnt5a and its related Wnt proteins to activate non-canonical Wnt signaling. Ror1 and/or Ror2-mediated signaling plays essential roles in regulating cell polarity, migration, proliferation and differentiation during developmental morphogenesis, tissue-/organo-genesis and regeneration of adult tissues following injury. Ror1 and Ror2 are expressed abundantly in developing tissues in an overlapping, yet distinct manner, and their expression in adult tissues is restricted to specific cell types such as tissue stem/progenitor cells. Expression levels of Ror1 and/or Ror2 in the adult tissues are increased following injury, thereby promoting regeneration or repair of these injured tissues. On the other hand, disruption of Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling is implicated in senescence of tissue stem/progenitor cells that is related to the impaired regeneration capacity of aged tissues. In fact, Ror1 and Ror2 are implicated in age-related diseases, including tissue fibrosis, atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerosis), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. In these diseases, enhanced and/or sustained (chronic) expression of Ror1 and/or Ror2 is observed, and they might contribute to the progression of these diseases through Wnt5a-dependent and -independent manners. In this article, we overview recent advances in our understanding of the roles of Ror1 and Ror2-mediated signaling in the development, tissue regeneration and age-related diseases, and discuss their potential to be therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Guo Y, Pei H, Lu B, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Wu F, Sun H, Huang J, Li P, Yi C, Zhu C, Pan Y, Wu S, Chen C, Xu X, Chen Y. Aberrantly expressed Wnt5a in nurse-like cells drives resistance to Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:82. [PMID: 35210425 PMCID: PMC8873424 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes with high levels of Wnt5a in the plasma. Currently, the cell source of Wnt5a remains controversial. The receptor of Wnt5a is ROR1, whose expression is associated with disease progression and resistance to venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of CLL. In this study, we found that the levels of Wnt5a in the plasma of CLL patients were positively correlated with absolute monocyte counts, but not lymphocyte counts. We cultured monocyte-derived nurse-like cells (NLCs) from patients with CLL, and detected Wnt5a expressed in NLCs. Flow cytometry and transwell assays showed that the antibody neutralizing Wnt5a inhibited the enhanced survival and migration in CLL cells co-cultured with NLCs. Furthermore, we performed a drug screening with CLL cells cultured with or without NLCs with a library containing 133 FDA-approved oncology drugs by using high-throughput flow cytometry. We observed a significant resistance to venetoclax in CLL cells co-cultured with NLCs. Immunoblot revealed the activation of NF-κB with enhanced expression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL in CLL cells co-cultured with NLCs. Neutralizing Wnt5a or blocking NF-κB pathway significantly decreased the expression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL, which leads to enhanced sensitivity to venetoclax in CLL cells co-cultured with NLCs. In conclusion, our data showed that NLCs could be one of the sources of Wnt5a detected in patients with CLL, and Wnt5a-induced NF-κB activation in the CLL microenvironment results in resistance to venetoclax in CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanzhong Pei
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuqun Wu
- Clinical laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Honghua Sun
- Clinical laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunjie Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Öztürk S, Paul Y, Afzal S, Gil-Farina I, Jauch A, Bruch PM, Kalter V, Hanna B, Arseni L, Roessner PM, Schmidt M, Stilgenbauer S, Dietrich S, Lichter P, Zapatka M, Seiffert M. Longitudinal analyses of CLL in mice identify leukemia-related clonal changes including a Myc gain predicting poor outcome in patients. Leukemia 2022; 36:464-475. [PMID: 34417556 PMCID: PMC8807396 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy mainly occurring at an advanced age with no single major genetic driver. Transgenic expression of TCL1 in B cells leads after a long latency to a CLL-like disease in aged Eµ-TCL1 mice suggesting that TCL1 overexpression is not sufficient for full leukemic transformation. In search for secondary genetic events and to elucidate the clonal evolution of CLL, we performed whole exome and B-cell receptor sequencing of longitudinal leukemia samples of Eµ-TCL1 mice. We observed a B-cell receptor stereotypy, as described in patients, confirming that CLL is an antigen-driven disease. Deep sequencing showed that leukemia in Eµ-TCL1 mice is mostly monoclonal. Rare oligoclonality was associated with inability of tumors to develop disease upon adoptive transfer in mice. In addition, we identified clonal changes and a sequential acquisition of mutations with known relevance in CLL, which highlights the genetic similarities and therefore, suitability of the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model for progressive CLL. Among them, a recurrent gain of chromosome 15, where Myc is located, was identified in almost all tumors in Eµ-TCL1 mice. Interestingly, amplification of 8q24, the chromosomal region containing MYC in humans, was associated with worse outcome of patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Öztürk
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yashna Paul
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saira Afzal
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Gil-Farina
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter-Martin Bruch
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Kalter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bola Hanna
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lavinia Arseni
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Roessner
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Mining the Microenvironment for Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:306-313. [PMID: 34398557 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The leukemia cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are highly fastidious, requiring stimulation by soluble factors and interactions with accessory cells within the supportive niches of lymphoid tissue that comprise the leukemia microenvironment. The advent of therapies that can disrupt some of the stimulatory signaling afforded by the microenvironment has ushered in a new era of targeted therapy, which has dramatically improved clinical outcome and patient survival. Future advances are required for patients who develop intolerance or resistance to current targeted therapies. These may be found by investigating novel drugs that can inhibit identified targets, such as the pathways involved in B-cell receptor signaling, or by developing agents that inhibit additional targets of the leukemia microenvironment. This review describes some of the molecules involved in promoting the growth and/or survival of CLL cells and discusses targeting strategies that may become tomorrow's therapy for patients with CLL.
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13
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Zhao Y, Zhang D, Guo Y, Lu B, Zhao ZJ, Xu X, Chen Y. Tyrosine Kinase ROR1 as a Target for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680834. [PMID: 34123850 PMCID: PMC8193947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 plays an essential role in embryogenesis and is overexpressed in many types of malignant tumors. Studies have demonstrated that it plays an important role in oncogenesis by activating cell survival signaling events, particularly the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway. Antibody-based immunotherapies targeting ROR1 have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies with promising outcomes. However, small molecule inhibitors targeting ROR1 are underappreciated because of the initial characterization of ROR1 as a peusdokinase. The function of ROR1 as a tyrosine kinase remains poorly understood, although accumulating evidence have demonstrated its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. In this review, we analyzed the structural and functional features of ROR1 and discussed therapeutic strategies targeting this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Meng X, Xu Y, Ning X. Tumor microenvironment acidity modulates ROR1 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatocarcinoma metastasis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237804. [PMID: 33648935 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency of hepatocarcinoma to metastasize results in a high rate of mortality, making it a hot research topic in cancer studies. Although an acidic tumor microenvironment has been proven to promote cancer metastasis, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we found that acidic conditions significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion ability in hepatocellular carcinoma, and the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) was distinctly upregulated in acid-treated cells. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ROR1 could effectively inhibit acid-induced cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, neutralization of acidic environments with NaHCO3 could downregulate acid-stimulated ROR1 expression, thereby retarding cell metastatic potential. Notably, the formation of metastatic nodules was significantly increased after intrapulmonary injection of acid-stimulated cancer cells, and this was inhibited by pretreating with NaHCO3. In summary, we reveal that an acidic tumor microenvironment modulates ROR1 expression to promote tumor metastasis, providing not only a better understanding of molecular mechanisms related to metastasis, but also a promising target for tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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15
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Menck K, Heinrichs S, Baden C, Bleckmann A. The WNT/ROR Pathway in Cancer: From Signaling to Therapeutic Intervention. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010142. [PMID: 33445713 PMCID: PMC7828172 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT pathway is one of the major signaling cascades frequently deregulated in human cancer. While research had initially focused on signal transduction centered on β-catenin as a key effector activating a pro-tumorigenic transcriptional response, nowadays it is known that WNT ligands can also induce a multitude of β-catenin-independent cellular pathways. Traditionally, these comprise WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) and WNT/Ca2+ signaling. In addition, signaling via the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors (RORs) has gained increasing attention in cancer research due to their overexpression in a multitude of tumor entities. Active WNT/ROR signaling has been linked to processes driving tumor development and progression, such as cell proliferation, survival, invasion, or therapy resistance. In adult tissue, the RORs are largely absent, which has spiked the interest in them for targeted cancer therapy. Promising results in preclinical and initial clinical studies are beginning to unravel the great potential of such treatment approaches. In this review, we summarize seminal findings on the structure and expression of the RORs in cancer, their downstream signaling, and its output in regard to tumor cell function. Furthermore, we present the current clinical anti-ROR treatment strategies and discuss the state-of-the-art, as well as the challenges of the different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.H.); (C.B.)
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saskia Heinrichs
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.H.); (C.B.)
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Baden
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.H.); (C.B.)
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.H.); (C.B.)
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0251-8352712
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16
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Tu J, Kuang Z, Xie X, Wu S, Wu T, Chen S. Prognostic and predictive value of a mRNA signature in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: A mRNA expression analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:84-95. [PMID: 33259129 PMCID: PMC7810961 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current international prognostic index is widely questioned on the risk stratification of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and does not accurately predict the outcome for patients. We postulated that multiple mRNAs could combine into a model to improve risk stratification and helping clinicians make treatment decisions. In this study, the gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screening genes in selected module which most closely related to PTCLs, and then built a mRNA signature using a LASSO Cox regression model and validated the prognostic accuracy of it. Finally, a nomogram was constructed and the performance was assessed. A total of 799 WGCNA‐selected mRNAs in black module were identified, and a mRNA signature which based on DOCK2, GSTM1, H2AFY, KCNAB2, LAPTM5 and SYK for PTCLs was developed. Significantly statistical difference can be seen in overall survival of PTCLs between low‐risk group and high‐risk group (training set:hazard ratio [HR] 4.3, 95% CI 2.4‐7.4, P < .0001; internal testing set:hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.2‐4.8, P < .01; external testing set:hazard ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.10‐4.7, P = .02). Furthermore, multivariate regression demonstrated that the signature was an independently prognostic factor. Moreover, the nomogram which combined the mRNA signature and multiple clinical factors suggesting that predicted survival probability agreed well with the actual survival probability. The signature is a reliable prognostic tool for patients with PTCLs, and it has the potential for clinicians to implement personalized therapeutic regimen for patients with PTCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Tu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Zhixing Kuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Shengchi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
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17
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Janovská P, Normant E, Miskin H, Bryja V. Targeting Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) in Hematological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9026. [PMID: 33261128 PMCID: PMC7730698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The casein kinase 1 enzymes (CK1) form a family of serine/threonine kinases with seven CK1 isoforms identified in humans. The most important substrates of CK1 kinases are proteins that act in the regulatory nodes essential for tumorigenesis of hematological malignancies. Among those, the most important are the functions of CK1s in the regulation of Wnt pathways, cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy. In this review we summarize the recent developments in the understanding of biology and therapeutic potential of the inhibition of CK1 isoforms in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), other non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM). CK1δ/ε inhibitors block CLL development in preclinical models via inhibition of WNT-5A/ROR1-driven non-canonical Wnt pathway. While no selective CK1 inhibitors have reached clinical stage to date, one dual PI3Kδ and CK1ε inhibitor, umbralisib, is currently in clinical trials for CLL and NHL patients. In MDS, AML and MM, inhibition of CK1α, acting via activation of p53 pathway, showed promising preclinical activities and the first CK1α inhibitor has now entered the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Janovská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Hari Miskin
- TG Therapeutics, New York, NY 10014, USA; (E.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Wang Y, Zhu M, Guo F, Song Y, Fan X, Qin G. Identification of Tumor Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Biomarkers in Luminal Breast Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:555865. [PMID: 33329695 PMCID: PMC7735391 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.555865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been reported to have significant value in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. This study aimed to identify key biomarkers in the TME of luminal breast cancer (BC). Methods: We obtained immune scores (ISs) and stromal scores (SSs) for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) luminal BC cohort from the online ESTIMATE (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) portal. The relationships between ISs and SSs and the overall survival of luminal BC patients were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) related to the ISs and SSs were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Additionally, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed with differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs). Furthermore, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was established to analyze the DEmRNAs in the ceRNA network. Then, survival analysis of biomarkers involved in the ceRNA network was carried out to explore their prognostic value. Finally, these biomarkers were validated using the luminal BC dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results: The results showed that ISs were significantly associated with longer survival times of luminal BC patients. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEmRNAs were mainly associated with immune response, antigen binding, and the extracellular region. In the PPI network, the top 10 DEmRNAs were identified as hub genes that affected the TME of luminal BC. Finally, two DEmiRNAs, two DElncRNAs, and 17 DEmRNAs of the ceRNA network associated with the TME were shown to have prognostic value. Subsequently, the expression of 15 prognostic biomarkers was validated in one additional dataset (GSE81002). In particular, one lncRNA (GVINP1) and five mRNAs (CCDC69, DOCK2, IKZF1, JCHAIN, and NCKAP1L) were novel biomarkers. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrated that ISs were associated with the survival of luminal BC patients, and a set of novel biomarkers that might play a prognostic role in the TME of luminal BC was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xunjie Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Wnt5a enhances proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and ERK1/2 phosphorylation via a ROR1/DOCK2-dependent mechanism. Leukemia 2020; 35:1621-1630. [PMID: 33097837 PMCID: PMC8062590 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have high plasma-levels of Wnt5a, which can induce phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and enhance CLL-cell proliferation. Such effects could be inhibited by treatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor, ERK1/2-specific siRNA, or cirmtuzumab, an anti-ROR1 mAb. The CLL-derived line, MEC1, expresses Wnt5a, but not ROR1. MEC1 cells transfected to express ROR1 (MEC1-ROR1) had higher levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 than parental MEC1, or MEC1 transfected with ROR1ΔPRD, a truncated ROR1 lacking the cytoplasmic proline-rich domain (PRD), or ROR1P808A a mutant ROR1 with a P→A substitution at 808, which is required for complexing with the Rac-specific-guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor DOCK2 upon stimulation with Wnt5a. We silenced DOCK2 with siRNA and found this repressed the capacity of Wnt5a to induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation in MEC1-ROR1 or CLL cells. CLL cells that expressed ROR1 had higher levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 or DOCK2 than CLL cells lacking ROR1. Although we found ibrutinib could inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and DOCK2 induced by B-cell-receptor ligation, we found that this drug was unable to inhibit Wnt5a-induced, ROR1-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 or DOCK2. This study demonstrates that Wnt5a can induce activation of ERK1/2 and enhance CLL-cell proliferation via a ROR1/DOCK2-dependent pathway independent of BTK.
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20
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Caras IW. Two cancer stem cell-targeted therapies in clinical trials as viewed from the standpoint of the cancer stem cell model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:821-826. [PMID: 32281289 PMCID: PMC7381803 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A key implication of the cancer stem cell model is that for a cancer therapy to be curative, it is imperative to eliminate the cancer stem cells (CSCs) that drive tumor progression. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine is supporting two novel approaches that target CSCs, one an antibody‐mediated immunotherapy targeting CD47 and the other an antibody targeting ROR1. This article summarizes the evidence that CSCs are targeted and discusses the results of early clinical trials within the context of the CSC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid W Caras
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, California, USA
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21
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Maldonado MDM, Medina JI, Velazquez L, Dharmawardhane S. Targeting Rac and Cdc42 GEFs in Metastatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:201. [PMID: 32322580 PMCID: PMC7156542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family GTPases Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 have emerged as key players in cancer metastasis, due to their essential roles in regulating cell division and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements; and thus, cell growth, migration/invasion, polarity, and adhesion. This review will focus on the close homologs Rac and Cdc42, which have been established as drivers of metastasis and therapy resistance in multiple cancer types. Rac and Cdc42 are often dysregulated in cancer due to hyperactivation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), belonging to both the diffuse B-cell lymphoma (Dbl) and dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) families. Rac/Cdc42 GEFs are activated by a myriad of oncogenic cell surface receptors, such as growth factor receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, cytokine receptors, and integrins; consequently, a number of Rac/Cdc42 GEFs have been implicated in metastatic cancer. Hence, inhibiting GEF-mediated Rac/Cdc42 activation represents a promising strategy for targeted metastatic cancer therapy. Herein, we focus on the role of oncogenic Rac/Cdc42 GEFs and discuss the recent advancements in the development of Rac and Cdc42 GEF-interacting inhibitors as targeted therapy for metastatic cancer, as well as their potential for overcoming cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Julia Isabel Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis Velazquez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Suranganie Dharmawardhane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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22
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Li B, Dong Y, Sun C, Zhang F, Jin L, Chen D, Wang W. PITPNA-AS1 abrogates the inhibition of miR-876-5p on WNT5A to facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:844. [PMID: 31700026 PMCID: PMC6838072 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
LncRNA PITPNA-AS1 was a newly identified lncRNA which has never been studied in cancers. Whether PITPNA-AS1 participated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is obscure. Given the coaction of lncRNAs and miRNAs to carcinogenesis, the purpose of the present research is to inquire how PITPNA-AS1 affects HCC progression. Firstly, PITPNA-AS1 was observed to be heightened in HCC tissues. Then function assays proved that overexpressing or silencing PITPNA-AS1 could manipulate the proliferation and motility of HCC cells. Besides, PITPNA-AS1 was located in the cytoplasm. Among the candidate miRNAs of PITPNA-AS1, miR-876-5p was an obvious target. Moreover, mechanism experiments validated that PITPNA-AS1 modulated WNT5A expression by targeting miR-876-5p. Rescue experiments affirmed that WNT5A silencing rescued the miR-876-5p suppression-induced cellular processes in PITPNA-AS1-silenced Hep3B cells. And in vivo experiments determined that PITPNA-AS1 regulated HCC progression in vivo via miR-876-5p/WNT5A pathway. In conclusion, this work shed lights on the modulatory mechanism of PITPNA-AS1/miR-876-5p/WNT5A axis in HCC, which might be pivotal for exploring effective diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuandi Dong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Renmin South Rd 55#, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Renmin South Rd 55#, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongqin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, No. 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wansheng Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Rozovski U, Harris DM, Li P, Liu Z, Jain P, Ferrajoli A, Burger JA, Bose P, Thompson PA, Jain N, Wierda WG, Uziel O, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. STAT3-Induced Wnt5a Provides Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells with Survival Advantage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3078-3085. [PMID: 31645416 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The wingless and integration site growth factor-5a (Wnt5a) is a ligand of the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor-1 (ROR1). Because both Wnt5a and ROR1 are expressed in circulating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, and because in other cell types, STAT3, which is constitutively activated in CLL, induces Wnt5a signaling, we wondered whether STAT3 induces the expression of Wnt5a in CLL cells. Sequence analysis detected four putative STAT3 binding sites in close proximity to the Wnt5a gene promoter's start codon. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and EMSA revealed that STAT3 binds to the Wnt5a gene promoter, and a luciferase assay showed that STAT3 activates the Wnt5a gene. Additionally, transfection of peripheral blood CLL cells with STAT3 short hairpin RNA downregulated Wnt5a mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that STAT3 binds to the Wnt5a gene promoter and induces the expression of Wnt5a in CLL cells. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy determined that both Wnt5a and its receptor ROR1 are coexpressed on the surface of CLL cells, and Western immunoblotting showed an inverse correlation between Wnt5a and ROR1 protein levels, implying that, regardless of CLL cells' ROR1 levels, blocking the interaction between Wnt5a and ROR1 might be beneficial to patients with CLL. Indeed, transfection of CLL cells with Wnt5a small interfering RNA reduced Wnt5a mRNA and protein levels and significantly increased the spontaneous apoptotic rate of CLL cells. Taken together, our data unravel an autonomous STAT3-driven prosurvival circuit that provides circulating CLL cells with a microenvironment-independent survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; and
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Phillip A Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030;
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Zhang Q, Wang HY, Liu X, Nunez-Cruz S, Jillab M, Melnikov O, Nath K, Glickson J, Wasik MA. Cutting Edge: ROR1/CD19 Receptor Complex Promotes Growth of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells Independently of the B Cell Receptor-BTK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:2043-2048. [PMID: 31534006 PMCID: PMC10013414 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a kinase downstream of BCR, display remarkable activity in a subset of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients, but the drug resistance remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that aberrant expression of ROR1 (receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1), seen in a large subset of MCL, results in BCR/BTK-independent signaling and growth of MCL cells. ROR1 forms a functional complex with CD19 to persistently activate the key cell signaling pathways PI3K-AKT and MEK-ERK in the BCR/BTK-independent manner. This study demonstrates that ROR1/CD19 complex effectively substitutes for BCR-BTK signaling to promote activation and growth of MCL cells. Therefore, ROR1 expression and activation may represent a novel mechanism of resistance to inhibition of BCR/BTK signaling in MCL. Our results provide a rationale to screen MCL patients for ROR1 expression and to consider new therapies targeting ROR1 and/or CD19 or their downstream signaling pathways for MCL-expressing ROR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
| | - Hong Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Selene Nunez-Cruz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Jerry Glickson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; .,Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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25
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Choi MY, Widhopf GF, Ghia EM, Kidwell RL, Hasan MK, Yu J, Rassenti LZ, Chen L, Chen Y, Pittman E, Pu M, Messer K, Prussak CE, Castro JE, Jamieson C, Kipps TJ. Phase I Trial: Cirmtuzumab Inhibits ROR1 Signaling and Stemness Signatures in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:951-959.e3. [PMID: 29859176 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cirmtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets ROR1, an oncoembryonic orphan receptor for Wnt5a found on cancer stem cells (CSCs). Aberrant expression of ROR1 is seen in many malignancies and has been linked to Rho-GTPase activation and cancer stem cell self-renewal. For patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), self-renewing, neoplastic B cells express ROR1 in 95% of cases. High-level leukemia cell expression of ROR1 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. We conducted a phase 1 study involving 26 patients with progressive, relapsed, or refractory CLL. Patients received four biweekly infusions, with doses ranging from 0.015 to 20 mg/kg. Cirmtuzumab had a long plasma half-life and did not have dose-limiting toxicity. Inhibition of ROR1 signaling was observed, including decreased activation of RhoA and HS1. Transcriptome analyses showed that therapy inhibited CLL stemness gene expression signatures in vivo. Cirmtuzumab is safe and effective at inhibiting tumor cell ROR1 signaling in patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Choi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; CIRM Alpha Stem Cell Clinic at University of California, San Diego, and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037-0695, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George F Widhopf
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emanuela M Ghia
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Reilly L Kidwell
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; CIRM Alpha Stem Cell Clinic at University of California, San Diego, and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037-0695, USA
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura Z Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liguang Chen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emily Pittman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901, USA
| | - Minya Pu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901, USA
| | - Karen Messer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901, USA
| | - Charles E Prussak
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Januario E Castro
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Catriona Jamieson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; CIRM Alpha Stem Cell Clinic at University of California, San Diego, and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037-0695, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037-0695, USA.
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; CIRM Alpha Stem Cell Clinic at University of California, San Diego, and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037-0695, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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26
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Cirmtuzumab blocks Wnt5a/ROR1 stimulation of NF-κB to repress autocrine STAT3 activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2019; 134:1084-1094. [PMID: 31409670 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coculture of nurse-like cells (NLCs) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells induced leukemia cell phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3), which could be blocked by anti-Wnt5a antibodies or the anti-ROR1 monoclonal antibody, cirmtuzumab. Time-course studies revealed Wnt5a could induce activation of NF-κB within 30 minutes, but required more than 3 hours to induce pSTAT3. Culture of isolated CLL cells for 24 hours revealed Wnt5a-induced expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL1, which in turn could induce pSTAT3 in unstimulated CLL cells within 30 minutes. We found that Wnt5a could induce CLL cell expression of NF-κB target genes, including IL-6, and that this effect could be blocked by cirmtuzumab or drugs that inhibit NF-κB. Examination of CLL cells and plasma collected from patients treated with cirmtuzumab revealed reduced levels of phosphorylated p65 and diminished expression of NF-κB and STAT3 target genes in CLL cells, as well as lower plasma levels of IL-6, in the samples after therapy. Collectively, these studies indicate that Wnt5a/ROR1-dependent signaling contributes to CLL cell activation of NF-κB, which in turn causes autocrine IL-6-induced activation of pSTAT3. As such, this study demonstrates that cirmtuzumab can inhibit leukemia cell activation of both NF-κB and STAT3 in patients with CLL.
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27
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28
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Pandey G, Borcherding N, Kolb R, Kluz P, Li W, Sugg S, Zhang J, Lai DA, Zhang W. ROR1 Potentiates FGFR Signaling in Basal-Like Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050718. [PMID: 31137681 PMCID: PMC6562526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all breast cancer types, basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) represents an aggressive subtype that lacks targeted therapy. We and others have found that receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is overexpressed in BLBC and other types of cancer and that ROR1 is significantly correlated with patient prognosis. In addition, using primary patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and ROR1-knockout BLBC cells, we found that ROR1+ cells form tumors in immunodeficient mice. We developed an anti-ROR1 immunotoxin and found that targeting ROR1 significantly kills ROR1+ cancer cells and slows down tumor growth in ROR1+ xenografts. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that ROR1 expression is commonly associated with the activation of FGFR-mediated signaling pathway. Further biochemical analysis confirmed that ROR1 stabilized FGFR expression at the posttranslational level by preventing its degradation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ROR1 knockout significantly reduced cancer cell invasion at cellular levels by lowering FGFR protein and consequent inactivation of AKT. Our results identified a novel signaling regulation from ROR1 to FGFR and further confirm that ROR1 is a potential therapeutic target for ROR1+ BLBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Paige Kluz
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Sonia Sugg
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Dazhi A Lai
- Speed Biosystems, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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29
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Liu X, Pu W, He H, Fan X, Zheng Y, Zhou JK, Ma R, He J, Zheng Y, Wu K, Zhao Y, Yang SY, Wang C, Wei YQ, Wei XW, Peng Y. Novel ROR1 inhibitor ARI-1 suppresses the development of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:76-85. [PMID: 31125641 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Limited drug response and severe drug resistance confer the high mortality of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. There is an urgent need for novel treatment against NSCLC. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is aberrantly overexpressed and participats in NSCLC development and EGFR-TKIs-induced drug resistance. Increasing evidences indicate that oncogenic ROR1 is a potential target for NSCLC therapy. However, nearly no ROR1 inhibitor was reported until now. Here, combining the computer-aided drug design and cell-based activity screening, we discover (R)-5,7-bis(methoxymethoxy)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chroman-4-one (ARI-1) as a novel ROR1 inhibitor. Biological evaluation demonstrates that ARI-1 specifically targets the extracellular frizzled domain of ROR1 and potently suppresses NSCLC cell proliferation and migration by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in a ROR1-dependent manner. Moreover, ARI-1 significantly inhibits tumor growth in vivo without obvious toxicity. Intriguingly, ARI-1 is effective to EGFR-TKIs-resistant NSCLC cells with high ROR1 expression. Therefore, our work suggests that the ROR1 inhibitor ARI-1 is a novel drug candidate for NSCLC treatment, especially for EGFR-TKIs-resisted NSCLC with high ROR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchen Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaiyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xia-Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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30
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Wu X, Yan T, Hao L, Zhu Y. Wnt5a induces ROR1 and ROR2 to activate RhoA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2803-2815. [PMID: 31114334 PMCID: PMC6497886 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s190999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wnt5a is a nontransforming Wnt family member and identified as an oncogenic role on cell motility of breast cancer and glioblastoma. However, Wnt5a signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression remains poorly defined. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemistry assays were used to measure the Wnt5a expression in ESCC sections. We evaluated the role of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR)1/2 and RhoA on the invasion of ESCC cells by using cell invasion assay, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and Rho activation assay. Results: Wnt5a was highly expressed in invasive ESCC tissues compared with that in noninvasive and nonmalignant tissues. In vitro assay showed that sfrp2 (Wnt5a antagonist) largely blocked the invasion but not the colony formation of KYSE410 and KYSE520 ESCC cells. Anti-ROR1 mAb and ROR2-shRNA markedly inhibited the disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) activity, RhoA activity, microfilament formation and the invasion of ESCC cells. Fluorescent phalloidin staining experiment showed ROR1/ROR2, receptors of Wnt5a signaling, and regulated the reassembly of actin filaments in ESCC cells. Further experiments showed that ROR1 was strongly associated with ROR2 in KYSE410 cells. The activation of RhoA, not Rac1 or Rac2, was involved in ROR1/ROR2 signaling pathway. By using DAAM1 shRNA, we found that RhoA was downstream of DAAM1, which could be rescued by the overexpression of wild-type DAAM1. This could be further proved by a RhoA inhibitor CCG-1423 which could inhibit the invasion of ESCC cells but not DAAM1 activity. Conclusions: Wnt5a promotes ESCC cell invasion via ROR1 and ROR2 receptors and DAAM1/RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Wu
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yan
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiyu Hao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
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31
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Castillo D, Galvez JM, Herrera LJ, Rojas F, Valenzuela O, Caba O, Prados J, Rojas I. Leukemia multiclass assessment and classification from Microarray and RNA-seq technologies integration at gene expression level. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212127. [PMID: 30753220 PMCID: PMC6372182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In more recent years, a significant increase in the number of available biological experiments has taken place due to the widespread use of massive sequencing data. Furthermore, the continuous developments in the machine learning and in the high performance computing areas, are allowing a faster and more efficient analysis and processing of this type of data. However, biological information about a certain disease is normally widespread due to the use of different sequencing technologies and different manufacturers, in different experiments along the years around the world. Thus, nowadays it is of paramount importance to attain a correct integration of biologically-related data in order to achieve genuine benefits from them. For this purpose, this work presents an integration of multiple Microarray and RNA-seq platforms, which has led to the design of a multiclass study by collecting samples from the main four types of leukemia, quantified at gene expression. Subsequently, in order to find a set of differentially expressed genes with the highest discernment capability among different types of leukemia, an innovative parameter referred to as coverage is presented here. This parameter allows assessing the number of different pathologies that a certain gen is able to discern. It has been evaluated together with other widely known parameters under assessment of an ANOVA statistical test which corroborated its filtering power when the identified genes are subjected to a machine learning process at multiclass level. The optimal tuning of gene extraction evaluated parameters by means of this statistical test led to the selection of 42 highly relevant expressed genes. By the use of minimum-Redundancy Maximum-Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm, these genes were reordered and assessed under the operation of four different classification techniques. Outstanding results were achieved by taking exclusively the first ten genes of the ranking into consideration. Finally, specific literature was consulted on this last subset of genes, revealing the occurrence of practically all of them with biological processes related to leukemia. At sight of these results, this study underlines the relevance of considering a new parameter which facilitates the identification of highly valid expressed genes for simultaneously discerning multiple types of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castillo
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Galvez
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis J. Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Valenzuela
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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32
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Durand-Onaylı V, Haslauer T, Härzschel A, Hartmann TN. Rac GTPases in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124041. [PMID: 30558116 PMCID: PMC6321480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that crosstalk between hematologic tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment contributes to leukemia and lymphoma cell migration, survival, and proliferation. The supportive tumor cell-microenvironment interactions and the resulting cellular processes require adaptations and modulations of the cytoskeleton. The Rac subfamily of the Rho family GTPases includes key regulators of the cytoskeleton, with essential functions in both normal and transformed leukocytes. Rac proteins function downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, chemokine receptors, and integrins, orchestrating a multitude of signals arising from the microenvironment. As such, it is not surprising that deregulation of Rac expression and activation plays a role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. In this review, we will give an overview of the specific contribution of the deregulation of Rac GTPases in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Durand-Onaylı
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Disease, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Theresa Haslauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Disease, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Andrea Härzschel
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Disease, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Disease, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Ye YP, Jiao HL, Wang SY, Xiao ZY, Zhang D, Qiu JF, Zhang LJ, Zhao YL, Li TT, Li-Liang, Liao WT, Ding YQ. Hypermethylation of DMTN promotes the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the actin cytoskeleton through Rac1 signaling activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:299. [PMID: 30514346 PMCID: PMC6277997 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common digestive malignant tumors, and DMTN is a transcriptionally differentially expressed gene that was identified using CRC mRNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our preliminary work suggested that the expression of DMTN was downregulated in CRC, and the Rac1 signaling pathway was significantly enriched in CRC tissues with low DMTN expression. However, the specific functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of DMTN in the progression of CRC and the upstream factors regulating the downregulation of the gene remain unclear. Methods DMTN expression was analyzed in CRC tissues, and the relationship between DMTN expression and the clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. In vitro and in vivo experimental models were used to detect the effects of DMTN dysregulation on invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. GSEA assay was performed to explore the mechanism of DMTN in invasion and metastasis of CRC. Westernblot, Co-IP and GST-Pull-Down assay were used to detect the interaction between DMTN and ARHGEF2, as well as the activation of the RAC1 signaling. Bisulfite genomic sequence (BSP) assay was used to test the degree of methylation of DMTN gene promoter in CRC tissues. Results We found that the expression of DMTN was significantly decreased in CRC tissues, and the downregulation of DMTN was associated with advanced progression and poor survival and was regarded as an independent predictive factor of CRC patient prognosis. The overexpression of DMTN inhibited, while the knockdown of DMTN promoted, invasion and metastasis in CRC cells. Moreover, hypermethylation and the deletion of DMTN relieved binding to the ARHGEF2 protein, activated the Rac1 signaling pathway, regulated actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, and promoted the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the downregulation of DMTN promoted the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the actin cytoskeleton through RAC1 signaling activation, potentially providing a new therapeutic target to enable cancer precision medicine for CRC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0958-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Li Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Feng Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.
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Coopes A, Henry CE, Llamosas E, Ford CE. An update of Wnt signalling in endometrial cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:ERC-18-0112. [PMID: 30093601 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed nations, and its prevalence is rising as women defer or decide not to have children and as obesity rises, both key risk factors. Despite this, treatment options remain limited, particularly for advanced or refractory disease. New genomic analyses have revealed distinct mutational profiles with therapeutic and prognostic potential. Wnt signalling, which is pivotal in embryogenesis, healing and homeostasis, is of importance in the endometrium and has been linked to carcinogenesis. This review aims to update and discuss the current evidence for the role of β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signalling, including the ROR receptors in the endometrium and its potential as a therapeutic target, in light of recent trials of Wnt-targeted therapy in multiple tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Coopes
- A Coopes, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire E Henry
- C Henry, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Estelle Llamosas
- E Llamosas, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline Elizabeth Ford
- C Ford, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
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