1
|
Allen B, Savoy L, Ryabinin P, Bottomly D, Chen R, Goff B, Wang A, McWeeney SK, Zhang H. Upregulation of HOXA3 by isoform-specific Wilms tumour 1 drives chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38867543 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Upregulation of the Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1) gene is common in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and is associated with poor prognosis. WT1 generates 12 primary transcripts through different translation initiation sites and alternative splicing. The short WT1 transcripts express abundantly in primary leukaemia samples. We observed that overexpression of short WT1 transcripts lacking exon 5 with and without the KTS motif (sWT1+/- and sWT1-/-) led to reduced cell growth. However, only sWT1+/- overexpression resulted in decreased CD71 expression, G1 arrest, and cytarabine resistance. Primary AML patient cells with low CD71 expression exhibit resistance to cytarabine, suggesting that CD71 may serve as a potential biomarker for chemotherapy. RNAseq differential expressed gene analysis identified two transcription factors, HOXA3 and GATA2, that are specifically upregulated in sWT1+/- cells, whereas CDKN1A is upregulated in sWT1-/- cells. Overexpression of either HOXA3 or GATA2 reproduced the effects of sWT1+/-, including decreased cell growth, G1 arrest, reduced CD71 expression and cytarabine resistance. HOXA3 expression correlates with chemotherapy response and overall survival in NPM1 mutation-negative leukaemia specimens. Overexpression of HOXA3 leads to drug resistance against a broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic agents. Our results suggest that WT1 regulates cell proliferation and drug sensitivity in an isoform-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basil Allen
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lindsey Savoy
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter Ryabinin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Bottomly
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Reid Chen
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bonnie Goff
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anthony Wang
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Haijiao Zhang
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Mo Y, Chen C, He J, Guo Z. Research advances of polycomb group proteins in regulating mammalian development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1383200. [PMID: 38505258 PMCID: PMC10950033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1383200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a subset of epigenetic factors that are highly conserved throughout evolution. In mammals, PcG proteins can be classified into two muti-proteins complexes: Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that PcG complexes play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression, genomic imprinting, chromosome X-inactivation, and chromatin structure. Accordingly, the dysfunction of PcG proteins is tightly orchestrated with abnormal developmental processes. Here, we summarized and discussed the current knowledge of the biochemical and molecular functions of PcG complexes, especially the PRC1 and PRC2 in mammalian development including embryonic development and tissue development, which will shed further light on the deep understanding of the basic knowledge of PcGs and their functions for reproductive health and developmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiheng Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin JC, Chen BY, Deng CH, Chen JN, Xu F, Tao Y, Hu CL, Xu CH, Chang BH, Wang Y, Fei MY, Liu P, Yu PC, Li ZJ, Li XY, Chen SB, Jiang YL, Chen XC, Zong LJ, Zhang JY, Ren YY, Xu FH, Liu Q, Huang XH, Guo J, He Q, Song LX, Zhou LY, Su JY, Xiao C, Zhang YM, Yan M, Zhang Z, Wu D, Chang CK, Li X, Wang L, Wu LY. ROBO1 deficiency impairs HSPC homeostasis and erythropoiesis via CDC42 and predicts poor prognosis in MDS. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi7375. [PMID: 38019913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of clonal hematopoietic neoplasms originating from hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). We previously identified frequent roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) mutations in patients with MDS, while the exact role of ROBO1 in hematopoiesis remains poorly delineated. Here, we report that ROBO1 deficiency confers MDS-like disease with anemia and multilineage dysplasia in mice and predicts poor prognosis in patients with MDS. More specifically, Robo1 deficiency impairs HSPC homeostasis and disrupts HSPC pool, especially the reduction of megakaryocyte erythroid progenitors, which causes a blockage in the early stages of erythropoiesis in mice. Mechanistically, transcriptional profiling indicates that Cdc42, a member of the Rho-guanosine triphosphatase family, acts as a downstream target gene for Robo1 in HSPCs. Overexpression of Cdc42 partially restores the self-renewal and erythropoiesis of HSPCs in Robo1-deficient mice. Collectively, our result implicates the essential role of ROBO1 in maintaining HSPC homeostasis and erythropoiesis via CDC42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Jin
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Han Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Nan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Long Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-He Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Yue Fei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Bei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Chi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Juan Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yi Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan-Huan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Hui Huang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Xi Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ying Su
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen JN, Jin JC, Guo J, Tao Y, Xu FH, Liu Q, Li X, Chang CK, Wu LY. The bcl6 corepressor mutation regulates the progression and transformation of myelodysplastic syndromes by repressing the autophagy flux. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 165:106480. [PMID: 37884171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of autophagy dysregulation is vital in the development of myelodysplastic syndrome and its transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we have investigated the mechanism of the bcl6 corepressor mutation in myelodysplastic syndrome development and its transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. We identified a novel pathway involving histone deacetylase 6 and forkhead box protein O1, which leads to autophagy defects following the bcl6 corepressor mutation. And this further causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The bcl6 corepressor-mutation-repressed autophagy resulted in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, DNA, and reactive oxygen species in myelodysplastic syndrome cells, which could then lead to genomic instability and spontaneous mutation. Our results suggest that the bcl6 corepressor inactivating mutations exert pro-carcinogenic effects through survival strike, which is only an intermediate process. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of the bcl6 corepressor gene in myelodysplastic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Jin
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fan-Huan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Homan CC, Drazer MW, Yu K, Lawrence DM, Feng J, Arriola-Martinez L, Pozsgai MJ, McNeely KE, Ha T, Venugopal P, Arts P, King-Smith SL, Cheah J, Armstrong M, Wang P, Bödör C, Cantor AB, Cazzola M, Degelman E, DiNardo CD, Duployez N, Favier R, Fröhling S, Rio-Machin A, Klco JM, Krämer A, Kurokawa M, Lee J, Malcovati L, Morgan NV, Natsoulis G, Owen C, Patel KP, Preudhomme C, Raslova H, Rienhoff H, Ripperger T, Schulte R, Tawana K, Velloso E, Yan B, Kim E, Sood R, Hsu AP, Holland SM, Phillips K, Poplawski NK, Babic M, Wei AH, Forsyth C, Mar Fan H, Lewis ID, Cooney J, Susman R, Fox LC, Blombery P, Singhal D, Hiwase D, Phipson B, Schreiber AW, Hahn CN, Scott HS, Liu P, Godley LA, Brown AL. Somatic mutational landscape of hereditary hematopoietic malignancies caused by germline variants in RUNX1, GATA2, and DDX41. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6092-6107. [PMID: 37406166 PMCID: PMC10582382 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with germ line variants associated with hereditary hematopoietic malignancies (HHMs) have a highly variable risk for leukemogenesis. Gaps in our understanding of premalignant states in HHMs have hampered efforts to design effective clinical surveillance programs, provide personalized preemptive treatments, and inform appropriate counseling for patients. We used the largest known comparative international cohort of germline RUNX1, GATA2, or DDX41 variant carriers without and with hematopoietic malignancies (HMs) to identify patterns of genetic drivers that are unique to each HHM syndrome before and after leukemogenesis. These patterns included striking heterogeneity in rates of early-onset clonal hematopoiesis (CH), with a high prevalence of CH in RUNX1 and GATA2 variant carriers who did not have malignancies (carriers-without HM). We observed a paucity of CH in DDX41 carriers-without HM. In RUNX1 carriers-without HM with CH, we detected variants in TET2, PHF6, and, most frequently, BCOR. These genes were recurrently mutated in RUNX1-driven malignancies, suggesting CH is a direct precursor to malignancy in RUNX1-driven HHMs. Leukemogenesis in RUNX1 and DDX41 carriers was often driven by second hits in RUNX1 and DDX41, respectively. This study may inform the development of HHM-specific clinical trials and gene-specific approaches to clinical monitoring. For example, trials investigating the potential benefits of monitoring DDX41 carriers-without HM for low-frequency second hits in DDX41 may now be beneficial. Similarly, trials monitoring carriers-without HM with RUNX1 germ line variants for the acquisition of somatic variants in BCOR, PHF6, and TET2 and second hits in RUNX1 are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire C. Homan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael W. Drazer
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Intramural Research, Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David M. Lawrence
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jinghua Feng
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luis Arriola-Martinez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Pozsgai
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelsey E. McNeely
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thuong Ha
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Parvathy Venugopal
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah L. King-Smith
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jesse Cheah
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark Armstrong
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Wang
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alan B. Cantor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erin Degelman
- Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Courtney D. DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nicolas Duployez
- Laboratory of Hematology, Biology and Pathology Center, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM, Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Remi Favier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Armand Trousseau Children's Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Rio-Machin
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Luca Malcovati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Neil V. Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carolyn Owen
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keyur P. Patel
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Laboratory of Hematology, Biology and Pathology Center, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM, Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Sud, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Tim Ripperger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rachael Schulte
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Riley Children’s Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kiran Tawana
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Velloso
- Service of Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy and Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31) HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Genetics Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedict Yan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Erika Kim
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Raman Sood
- Division of Intramural Research, Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Amy P. Hsu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M. Holland
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kerry Phillips
- Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicola K. Poplawski
- Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Milena Babic
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew H. Wei
- Department of Haematology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cecily Forsyth
- Central Coast Haematology, North Gosford, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Mar Fan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian D. Lewis
- Adelaide Oncology & Haematology, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julian Cooney
- Department of Haematology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel Susman
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucy C. Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Piers Blombery
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deepak Singhal
- Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Devendra Hiwase
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Belinda Phipson
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas W. Schreiber
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher N. Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Liu
- Division of Intramural Research, Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lucy A. Godley
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bouligny IM, Maher KR, Grant S. Secondary-Type Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Updates from ELN 2022. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3292. [PMID: 37444402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the molecular landscape and the advent of targeted therapies have defined a new era in the prognostication and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Recent revisions in the European LeukemiaNet 2022 guidelines have refined the molecular, cytogenetic, and treatment-related boundaries between myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and AML. This review details the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways of myeloid maturation aberrancies contributing to dysplasia and leukemogenesis, focusing on recent molecular categories introduced in ELN 2022. We provide insights into novel and rational therapeutic combination strategies that exploit mechanisms of leukemogenesis, highlighting the underpinnings of splicing factors, the cohesin complex, and chromatin remodeling. Areas of interest for future research are summarized, and we emphasize approaches designed to advance existing treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Bouligny
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Keri R Maher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pettirossi V, Venanzi A, Spanhol-Rosseto A, Schiavoni G, Santi A, Tasselli L, Naccari M, Pensato V, Pucciarini A, Martelli MP, Drexler H, Falini B, Tiacci E. The gene mutation landscape of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and its exemplar use to study the BCOR tumor suppressor. Leukemia 2023; 37:473-477. [PMID: 36635390 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pettirossi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Venanzi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ariele Spanhol-Rosseto
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Schiavoni
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Santi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Tasselli
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Naccari
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Pensato
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pucciarini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hans Drexler
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Enrico Tiacci
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takano J, Ito S, Dong Y, Sharif J, Nakajima-Takagi Y, Umeyama T, Han YW, Isono K, Kondo T, Iizuka Y, Miyai T, Koseki Y, Ikegaya M, Sakihara M, Nakayama M, Ohara O, Hasegawa Y, Hashimoto K, Arner E, Klose RJ, Iwama A, Koseki H, Ikawa T. PCGF1-PRC1 links chromatin repression with DNA replication during hematopoietic cell lineage commitment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7159. [PMID: 36443290 PMCID: PMC9705430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group proteins (PcG), polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and 2), repress lineage inappropriate genes during development to maintain proper cellular identities. It has been recognized that PRC1 localizes at the replication fork, however, the precise functions of PRC1 during DNA replication are elusive. Here, we reveal that a variant PRC1 containing PCGF1 (PCGF1-PRC1) prevents overloading of activators and chromatin remodeling factors on nascent DNA and thereby mediates proper deposition of nucleosomes and correct downstream chromatin configurations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This function of PCGF1-PRC1 in turn facilitates PRC2-mediated repression of target genes such as Hmga2 and restricts premature myeloid differentiation. PCGF1-PRC1, therefore, maintains the differentiation potential of HSPCs by linking proper nucleosome configuration at the replication fork with PcG-mediated gene silencing to ensure life-long hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Takano
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Immune Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN-IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ito
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yixing Dong
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Jafar Sharif
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Umeyama
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN-IMS, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yong-Woon Han
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN-IMS, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kyoichi Isono
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Laboratory Animal Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yusuke Iizuka
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyai
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yoko Koseki
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mika Ikegaya
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Immune Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN-IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mizuki Sakihara
- grid.143643.70000 0001 0660 6861Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- grid.410858.00000 0000 9824 2470Chromosome Engineering Team, Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- grid.410858.00000 0000 9824 2470Chromosome Engineering Team, Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- grid.410858.00000 0000 9824 2470Chromosome Engineering Team, Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Computational Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University Osaka, Japan ,grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN-IMS, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Erik Arner
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Applied Regulatory Genomics Network Analysis, RIKEN-IMS, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Robert J. Klose
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Immune Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN-IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.143643.70000 0001 0660 6861Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Role of TET dioxygenases in the regulation of both normal and pathological hematopoiesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:294. [PMID: 36203205 PMCID: PMC9540719 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The family of ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases (TETs) consists of TET1, TET2, and TET3. Although all TETs are expressed in hematopoietic tissues, only TET2 is commonly found to be mutated in age-related clonal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic malignancies. TET2 mutation causes abnormal epigenetic landscape changes and results in multiple stages of lineage commitment/differentiation defects as well as genetic instability in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). TET2 mutations are founder mutations (first hits) in approximately 40–50% of cases of TET2-mutant (TET2MT) hematopoietic malignancies and are later hits in the remaining cases. In both situations, TET2MT collaborates with co-occurring mutations to promote malignant transformation. In TET2MT tumor cells, TET1 and TET3 partially compensate for TET2 activity and contribute to the pathogenesis of TET2MT hematopoietic malignancies. Here we summarize the most recent research on TETs in regulating of both normal and pathogenic hematopoiesis. We review the concomitant mutations and aberrant signals in TET2MT malignancies. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which concomitant mutations and aberrant signals determine lineage commitment in HSPCs and the identity of hematopoietic malignancies. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to treat TET2MT hematopoietic malignancies, including reverting the methylation state of TET2 target genes and targeting the concomitant mutations and aberrant signals.
Collapse
|
10
|
Concurrent Zrsr2 mutation and Tet2 loss promote myelodysplastic neoplasm in mice. Leukemia 2022; 36:2509-2518. [PMID: 36030305 PMCID: PMC9522584 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RNA splicing and epigenetic gene mutations are the most frequent genetic lesions found in patients with myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS). About 25% of patients present concomitant mutations in such pathways, suggesting a cooperative role in MDS pathogenesis. Importantly, mutations in the splicing factor ZRSR2 frequently associate with alterations in the epigenetic regulator TET2. However, the impact of these concurrent mutations in hematopoiesis and MDS remains unclear. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genetically engineered mice, we demonstrate that Zrsr2m/mTet2-/- promote MDS with reduced penetrance. Animals presented peripheral blood cytopenia, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and multi-lineage dysplasia, signs consistent with MDS. We identified a myelo-erythroid differentiation block accompanied by an expansion of LT-HSC and MPP2 progenitors. Transplanted animals presented a similar phenotype, thus indicating that alterations were cell-autonomous. Whole-transcriptome analysis in HSPC revealed key alterations in ribosome, inflammation, and migration/motility processes. Moreover, we found the MAPK pathway as the most affected target by mRNA aberrant splicing. Collectively, this study shows that concomitant Zrsr2 mutation and Tet2 loss are sufficient to initiate MDS in mice. Understanding this mechanistic interplay will be crucial for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in the spliceosome/epigenetic MDS subgroup.
Collapse
|
11
|
Giefing M, Gearhart MD, Schneider M, Overbeck B, Klapper W, Hartmann S, Ustaszewski A, Weniger MA, Wiehle L, Hansmann ML, Melnick A, Béguelin W, Sundström C, Küppers R, Bardwell VJ, Siebert R. Loss of function mutations of BCOR in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:1080-1090. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2015587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Micah D. Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Markus Schneider
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Birte Overbeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Reference and Consultant Center of Lymph Node and Lymphoma Pathology at Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adam Ustaszewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marc A. Weniger
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)
| | - Laura Wiehle
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Reference and Consultant Center of Lymph Node and Lymphoma Pathology at Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)
| | - Vivian J. Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mouse Models of Frequently Mutated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246192. [PMID: 34944812 PMCID: PMC8699817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous blood cancer with variable prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Comprehensive sequencing enabled the discovery of recurrent mutations and chromosomal aberrations in AML. Mouse models are essential to study the biological function of these genes and to identify relevant drug targets. This comprehensive review describes the evidence currently available from mouse models for the leukemogenic function of mutations in seven functional gene groups: cell signaling genes, epigenetic modifier genes, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), transcription factors, tumor suppressors, spliceosome genes, and cohesin complex genes. Additionally, we provide a synergy map of frequently cooperating mutations in AML development and correlate prognosis of these mutations with leukemogenicity in mouse models to better understand the co-dependence of mutations in AML.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, C Ordonez-Rubiano S, Dhiman A, Jiao G, Strohmier BP, Krusemark CJ, Dykhuizen EC. Polycomb group proteins in cancer: multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab039. [PMID: 34617019 PMCID: PMC8489530 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) are a heterogenous collection of dozens, if not hundreds, of protein complexes composed of various combinations of subunits. PRCs are transcriptional repressors important for cell-type specificity during development, and as such, are commonly mis-regulated in cancer. PRCs are broadly characterized as PRC1 with histone ubiquitin ligase activity, or PRC2 with histone methyltransferase activity; however, the mechanism by which individual PRCs, particularly the highly diverse set of PRC1s, alter gene expression has not always been clear. Here we review the current understanding of how PRCs act, both individually and together, to establish and maintain gene repression, the biochemical contribution of individual PRC subunits, the mis-regulation of PRC function in different cancers, and the current strategies for modulating PRC activity. Increased mechanistic understanding of PRC function, as well as cancer-specific roles for individual PRC subunits, will uncover better targets and strategies for cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Sandra C Ordonez-Rubiano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alisha Dhiman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Guanming Jiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Brayden P Strohmier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Casey J Krusemark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Insufficiency of non-canonical PRC1 synergizes with JAK2V617F in the development of myelofibrosis. Leukemia 2021; 36:452-463. [PMID: 34497325 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insufficiency of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 27, is frequently found in primary myelofibrosis and promotes the development of JAK2V617F-induced myelofibrosis in mice by enhancing the production of dysplastic megakaryocytes. Polycomb group ring finger protein 1 (Pcgf1) is a component of PRC1.1, a non-canonical PRC1 that monoubiquitylates H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1). We herein investigated the impact of PRC1.1 insufficiency on myelofibrosis. The deletion of Pcgf1 in JAK2V617F mice strongly promoted the development of lethal myelofibrosis accompanied by a block in erythroid differentiation. Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence analyses showed the de-repression of PRC1.1 target genes in Pcgf1-deficient JAK2V617F hematopoietic progenitors and revealed Hoxa cluster genes as direct targets. The deletion of Pcgf1 in JAK2V617F hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as the overexpression of Hoxa9, restored the attenuated proliferation of JAK2V617F progenitors. The overexpression of Hoxa9 also enhanced JAK2V617F-mediated myelofibrosis. The expression of PRC2 target genes identified in PRC2-insufficient JAK2V617F HSPCs was not largely altered in Pcgf1-deleted JAK2V617F HSPCs. The present results revealed a tumor suppressor function for PRC1.1 in myelofibrosis and suggest that PRC1.1 insufficiency has a different impact from that of PRC2 insufficiency on the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Honda A, Koya J, Yoshimi A, Miyauchi M, Taoka K, Kataoka K, Arai S, Kurokawa M. Loss-of-function mutations in BCOR contribute to chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2021; 101-102:42-48.e11. [PMID: 34333045 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. Despite the recent identification of novel driver mutations and advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, little is known about the relationship between genetic abnormalities and chemoresistance in AML. In this study, we subjected 39 samples from patients with primary refractory AML to whole-exome and targeted sequencing analyses to identify somatic mutations contributing to chemoresistance in AML. First, we identified 49 genes that might contribute to chemotherapy resistance through the whole-exome sequencing of samples from 6 patients with primary refractory AML. We then identified a significantly higher frequency of mutations in the gene encoding BCL-6 co-repressor (BCOR) in patients with primary refractory AML through the targeted sequencing of all coding sequence of 49 genes. Notably, the presence of BCOR mutations appeared to have a negative impact on prognosis in our cohort and previous larger studies. Subsequently, to investigate the biological effect of BCOR mutations on sensitivity to anticancer drugs, we established BCOR knockout human leukemic cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here, BCOR knockout cell lines exhibited statistically significant reductions in sensitivity to anticancer drugs, compared with the wild-type controls both in vitro and in vivo in xenograft mouse models. In conclusion, loss-of-function BCOR mutations appear to contribute to chemotherapy resistance and may be a promising therapeutic target in primary refractory AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Honda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Koya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Taoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tian L, Tomei S, Schreuder J, Weber TS, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Lin DS, Tran J, Audiger C, Chu M, Jarratt A, Willson T, Hilton A, Pang ES, Patton T, Kelly M, Su S, Gouil Q, Diakumis P, Bahlo M, Sargeant T, Kats LM, Hodgkin PD, O'Keeffe M, Ng AP, Ritchie ME, Naik SH. Clonal multi-omics reveals Bcor as a negative regulator of emergency dendritic cell development. Immunity 2021; 54:1338-1351.e9. [PMID: 33862015 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in single-cell multi-omics, a single stem or progenitor cell can only be tested once. We developed clonal multi-omics, in which daughters of a clone act as surrogates of the founder, thereby allowing multiple independent assays per clone. With SIS-seq, clonal siblings in parallel "sister" assays are examined either for gene expression by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) or for fate in culture. We identified, and then validated using CRISPR, genes that controlled fate bias for different dendritic cell (DC) subtypes. This included Bcor as a suppressor of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and conventional DC type 2 (cDC2) numbers during Flt3 ligand-mediated emergency DC development. We then developed SIS-skew to examine development of wild-type and Bcor-deficient siblings of the same clone in parallel. We found Bcor restricted clonal expansion, especially for cDC2s, and suppressed clonal fate potential, especially for pDCs. Therefore, SIS-seq and SIS-skew can reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing clonal fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Tian
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sara Tomei
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jaring Schreuder
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tom S Weber
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dawn S Lin
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Tran
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Cindy Audiger
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mathew Chu
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Jarratt
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy Willson
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Adrienne Hilton
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ee Shan Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Timothy Patton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Madison Kelly
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shian Su
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Quentin Gouil
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Diakumis
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Toby Sargeant
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lev M Kats
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley P Ng
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
BCOR gene alterations in hematological diseases. Blood 2021; 138:2455-2468. [PMID: 33945606 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) is a transcription factor involved in the control of embryogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells function, hematopoiesis and lymphoid development. Recurrent somatic clonal mutations of the BCOR gene and its homologue BCORL1 have been detected in several hematological malignancies and aplastic anemia. They are scattered across the whole gene length and mostly represent frameshifts (deletions, insertions), nonsense and missence mutations. These disruptive events lead to the loss of full-length BCOR protein and to the lack or low expression of a truncated form of the protein, both consistent with the tumor suppressor role of BCOR. BCOR and BCORL1 mutations are similar to those causing two rare X-linked diseases: the oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) and the Shukla-Vernon syndromes, respectively. Here, we focus on the structure and function of normal BCOR and BCORL1 in normal hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues and review the frequency and clinical significance of the mutations of these genes in malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases. Moreover, we discuss the importance of mouse models to better understand the role of Bcor loss, alone and combined with alterations of other genes (e.g. Dnmt3a and Tet2), in promoting hematological malignancies and in providing a useful platform for the development of new targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Loss-of-Function Mutations of BCOR Are an Independent Marker of Adverse Outcomes in Intensively Treated Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092095. [PMID: 33926021 PMCID: PMC8123716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by recurrent genetic events. The BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) and its homolog, the BCL6 corepressor-like 1 (BCORL1), have been reported to be rare but recurrent mutations in AML. Previously, smaller studies have reported conflicting results regarding impacts on outcomes. Here, we retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of 1529 patients with newly diagnosed and intensively treated AML. BCOR and BCORL1 mutations were found in 71 (4.6%) and 53 patients (3.5%), respectively. Frequently co-mutated genes were DNTM3A, TET2 and RUNX1. Mutated BCORL1 and loss-of-function mutations of BCOR were significantly more common in the ELN2017 intermediate-risk group. Patients harboring loss-of-function mutations of BCOR had a significantly reduced median event-free survival (HR = 1.464 (95%-Confidence Interval (CI): 1.005-2.134), p = 0.047), relapse-free survival (HR = 1.904 (95%-CI: 1.163-3.117), p = 0.01), and trend for reduced overall survival (HR = 1.495 (95%-CI: 0.990-2.258), p = 0.056) in multivariable analysis. Our study establishes a novel role for loss-of-function mutations of BCOR regarding risk stratification in AML, which may influence treatment allocation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dixon G, Pan H, Yang D, Rosen BP, Jashari T, Verma N, Pulecio J, Caspi I, Lee K, Stransky S, Glezer A, Liu C, Rivas M, Kumar R, Lan Y, Torregroza I, He C, Sidoli S, Evans T, Elemento O, Huangfu D. QSER1 protects DNA methylation valleys from de novo methylation. Science 2021; 372:eabd0875. [PMID: 33833093 PMCID: PMC8185639 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is essential to mammalian development, and dysregulation can cause serious pathological conditions. Key enzymes responsible for deposition and removal of DNA methylation are known, but how they cooperate to regulate the methylation landscape remains a central question. Using a knockin DNA methylation reporter, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen in human embryonic stem cells to discover DNA methylation regulators. The top screen hit was an uncharacterized gene, QSER1, which proved to be a key guardian of bivalent promoters and poised enhancers of developmental genes, especially those residing in DNA methylation valleys (or canyons). We further demonstrate genetic and biochemical interactions of QSER1 and TET1, supporting their cooperation to safeguard transcriptional and developmental programs from DNMT3-mediated de novo methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Dixon
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dapeng Yang
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bess P Rosen
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Therande Jashari
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nipun Verma
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences at Cornell University-The Rockefeller University-Sloan Kettering Institute Tri-Institutional M.D.-Ph.D. Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julian Pulecio
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inbal Caspi
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kihyun Lee
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Abigail Glezer
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marco Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ritu Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yahui Lan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ingrid Torregroza
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ochi Y, Ogawa S. Chromatin-Spliceosome Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061232. [PMID: 33799787 PMCID: PMC7999050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent genomic studies have identified chromatin-spliceosome (CS)-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as a new subgroup of AML. CS-AML is defined by several mutations that perturb epigenetic regulation, such as those affecting splicing factors, cohesin components, transcription factors, and chromatin modifiers, which are also frequently mutated in other myeloid malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary AML. Thus, these mutations identify myeloid neoplasms that lie on the boundaries of conventional differential diagnosis. CS-AML shares several clinical characteristics with secondary AML. Therefore, the presence of CS-mutations may help to better classify and manage patients with AML and related disorders. The aim of this review is to discuss the genetic and clinical characteristics of CS-AML and roles of driver mutations defining this unique genomic subgroup of AML. Abstract Recent genetic studies on large patient cohorts with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have cataloged a comprehensive list of driver mutations, resulting in the classification of AML into distinct genomic subgroups. Among these subgroups, chromatin-spliceosome (CS)-AML is characterized by mutations in the spliceosome, cohesin complex, transcription factors, and chromatin modifiers. Class-defining mutations of CS-AML are also frequently identified in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and secondary AML, indicating the molecular similarity among these diseases. CS-AML is associated with myelodysplasia-related changes in hematopoietic cells and poor prognosis, and, thus, can be treated using novel therapeutic strategies and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Functional studies of CS-mutations in mice have revealed that CS-mutations typically cause MDS-like phenotypes by altering the epigenetic regulation of target genes. Moreover, multiple CS-mutations often synergistically induce more severe phenotypes, such as the development of lethal MDS/AML, suggesting that the accumulation of many CS-mutations plays a crucial role in the progression of MDS/AML. Indeed, the presence of multiple CS-mutations is a stronger indicator of CS-AML than a single mutation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the genetic and clinical features of CS-AML and the functional roles of driver mutations characterizing this unique category of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yotaro Ochi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-753-9285
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hemsing AL, Gjertsen BT, Spetalen S, Helgeland L, Reikvam H. Favorable outcome of a patient with an unclassifiable myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021; 9:2050313X20988413. [PMID: 33628448 PMCID: PMC7841861 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20988413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The entity myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of both myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic features in the bone marrow. Risk assessment and treatment recommendations have not been standardized, and clinicians rely on updated patient studies and reviews to make decisions for treatment approaches. Histopathological features have traditionally been important, although in the last decade, several studies have reported mutational profiles of this rare disease. Here, we present a case, wherein the patient presented with leukocytosis and the diagnostic work-up revealed features of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndrome. Mutational profiling revealed mutations in four genes associated with myeloid malignancies, namely, EZH2, CUX1, TET2, and BCOR. After initial therapy with hydroxyurea and interferon-α, the patient underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with reduced intensity conditioning and a matched sibling donor. He had no signs of relapsed disease 2 years after the transplant. Based on the patient outcome, we summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndrome, and review the current literature, emphasizing the role of genetic mutations and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Larger and more detailed clinical studies are strongly needed to optimize and standardize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Lodvir Hemsing
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Signe Spetalen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Helgeland
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kaito S, Iwama A. Pathogenic Impacts of Dysregulated Polycomb Repressive Complex Function in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010074. [PMID: 33374737 PMCID: PMC7793497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) are epigenetic regulators that mediate repressive histone modifications. PRCs play a pivotal role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells through repression of target genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed that various hematologic malignancies harbor mutations in PRC2 genes, such as EZH2, EED, and SUZ12, and PRC1.1 genes, such as BCOR and BCORL1. Except for the activating EZH2 mutations detected in lymphoma, most of these mutations compromise PRC function and are frequently associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that mutations in PRC genes are druggable targets. Several PRC2 inhibitors, including EZH2-specific inhibitors and EZH1 and EZH2 dual inhibitors have shown therapeutic efficacy for tumors with and without activating EZH2 mutations. Moreover, EZH2 loss-of-function mutations appear to be attractive therapeutic targets for implementing the concept of synthetic lethality. Further understanding of the epigenetic dysregulation associated with PRCs in hematological malignancies should improve treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-6409-2181; Fax: +81-3-6409-2182
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hamline MY, Corcoran CM, Wamstad JA, Miletich I, Feng J, Lohr JL, Hemberger M, Sharpe PT, Gearhart MD, Bardwell VJ. OFCD syndrome and extraembryonic defects are revealed by conditional mutation of the Polycomb-group repressive complex 1.1 (PRC1.1) gene BCOR. Dev Biol 2020; 468:110-132. [PMID: 32692983 PMCID: PMC9583620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BCOR is a critical regulator of human development. Heterozygous mutations of BCOR in females cause the X-linked developmental disorder Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome (OFCD), and hemizygous mutations of BCOR in males cause gestational lethality. BCOR associates with Polycomb group proteins to form one subfamily of the diverse Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) complexes, designated PRC1.1. Currently there is limited understanding of differing developmental roles of the various PRC1 complexes. We therefore generated a conditional exon 9-10 knockout Bcor allele and a transgenic conditional Bcor expression allele and used these to define multiple roles of Bcor, and by implication PRC1.1, in mouse development. Females heterozygous for Bcor exhibiting mosaic expression due to the X-linkage of the gene showed reduced postnatal viability and had OFCD-like defects. By contrast, Bcor hemizygosity in the entire male embryo resulted in embryonic lethality by E9.5. We further dissected the roles of Bcor, focusing on some of the tissues affected in OFCD through use of cell type specific Cre alleles. Mutation of Bcor in neural crest cells caused cleft palate, shortening of the mandible and tympanic bone, ectopic salivary glands and abnormal tongue musculature. We found that defects in the mandibular region, rather than in the palate itself, led to palatal clefting. Mutation of Bcor in hindlimb progenitor cells of the lateral mesoderm resulted in 2/3 syndactyly. Mutation of Bcor in Isl1-expressing lineages that contribute to the heart caused defects including persistent truncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect and fetal lethality. Mutation of Bcor in extraembryonic lineages resulted in placental defects and midgestation lethality. Ubiquitous over expression of transgenic Bcor isoform A during development resulted in embryonic defects and midgestation lethality. The defects we have found in Bcor mutants provide insights into the etiology of the OFCD syndrome and how BCOR-containing PRC1 complexes function in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Hamline
- The Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Connie M Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joseph A Wamstad
- The Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Isabelle Miletich
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jifan Feng
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jamie L Lohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Vivian J Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kunimoto H, Nakajima H. TET2: A cornerstone in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:31-40. [PMID: 33048426 PMCID: PMC7780023 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of genome‐wide DNA methylation is fundamental for a variety of biological processes such as mammalian development, stem cell function, cellular proliferation/differentiation, and oncogenesis. Among the regulators of DNA methylation, ten‐eleven translocation 2 (TET2) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and in various hematological malignancies, underscoring a pivotal role for TET2 in blood homeostasis and hematopoietic transformation. TET2 oxidizes methylated cytosines to further modify cytosines, which behave as intermediates in active/passive DNA demethylation processes. TET2 itself associates with histone modifiers, thereby regulating histone modifications and expression of target genes. A number of studies have reported pleiotropic effects of TET2 on hematopoietic stem cell self‐renewal, hematopoietic differentiation, genome instability and inflammatory response. Recent single‐cell genomics studies have identified gene promoters as well as transcription factor binding sites as TET2‐targeted genetic loci in which disruption of DNA methylation can fundamentally modify hematopoietic differentiation and promote leukemogenesis. TET2 mutations show convergent cooperativity with other disease alleles in signaling molecules, epigenetic modifiers, and spliceosome factors in hematopoietic transformation. Future studies focusing on the molecular basis of stem cell and immune regulation by TET2 loss will further deepen our understanding of the entire landscape of pathophysiology and molecular vulnerabilities of TET2‐mutated hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Kunimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sportoletti P, Sorcini D, Guzman AG, Reyes JM, Stella A, Marra A, Sartori S, Brunetti L, Rossi R, Papa BD, Adamo FM, Pianigiani G, Betti C, Scialdone A, Guarente V, Spinozzi G, Tini V, Martelli MP, Goodell MA, Falini B. Bcor deficiency perturbs erythro-megakaryopoiesis and cooperates with Dnmt3a loss in acute erythroid leukemia onset in mice. Leukemia 2020; 35:1949-1963. [PMID: 33159179 PMCID: PMC8257496 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent loss-of-function mutations of BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) gene are found in about 4% of AML patients with normal karyotype and are associated with DNMT3a mutations and poor prognosis. Therefore, new anti-leukemia treatments and mouse models are needed for this combinatorial AML genotype. For this purpose, we first generated a Bcor-/- knockout mouse model characterized by impaired erythroid development (macrocytosis and anemia) and enhanced thrombopoiesis, which are both features of myelodysplasia/myeloproliferative neoplasms. We then created and characterized double Bcor-/-/Dnmt3a-/- knockout mice. Interestingly, these animals developed a fully penetrant acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) characterized by leukocytosis secondary to the expansion of blasts expressing c-Kit+ and the erythroid marker Ter119, macrocytic anemia and progressive reduction of the thrombocytosis associated with loss of Bcor alone. Transcriptomic analysis of double knockout bone marrow progenitors revealed that aberrant erythroid skewing was induced by epigenetic changes affecting specific transcriptional factors (GATA1-2) and cell-cycle regulators (Mdm2, Tp53). These findings prompted us to investigate the efficacy of demethylating agents in AEL, with significant impact on progressive leukemic burden and mice overall survival. Information gained from our model expands the knowledge on the biology of AEL and may help designing new rational treatments for patients suffering from this high-risk leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sportoletti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.
| | - Daniele Sorcini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Anna G Guzman
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jaime M Reyes
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arianna Stella
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Andrea Marra
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Sara Sartori
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brunetti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Beatrice Del Papa
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Adamo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Giulia Pianigiani
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Camilla Betti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Annarita Scialdone
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Valerio Guarente
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Giulio Spinozzi
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Valentina Tini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Clonal hematopoiesis: Molecular basis and clinical relevance. Leuk Res 2020; 98:106457. [PMID: 33010619 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent genomics studies have revealed that clonal hematopoietic expansion due to recurrent somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells are common in older people without evidence of hematological malignancies. This phenomenon, termed clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), is associated with greater risk for hematological malignancy and cardiovascular diseases, leading to decreased overall survival of the affected individuals. The most frequently mutated genes in CHIP cases include genes associated with epigenetic modification, cell signaling, DNA damage response and RNA splicing, which are all recurrently mutated in myeloid malignancies. Recent findings suggest that these genetic alleles exert pleiotropic effects on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions, transcriptional regulations, DNA damage responses and resistance to cellular stresses. Recent studies have uncovered the clinical relevance of CHIP in various settings during the management of hematological malignancies. Elucidating overall picture of clonal evolution based on CHIP will help developing preventive measures and novel treatments for hematological malignancies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Establishment of a High-risk MDS/AML Cell Line YCU-AML1 and its Xenograft Model Harboring t(3;3) and Monosomy 7. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e469. [PMID: 33163905 PMCID: PMC7643909 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with both inv(3)(q21q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) and monosomy 7 defines an extremely aggressive myeloid cancer whose molecular pathogenesis and optimal therapeutic strategy still remain unclear. We established a new MDS/AML cell line, YCU-AML1, and its patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model from a high-risk MDS patient who later transformed into AML harboring both t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) and monosomy 7. YCU-AML1 cells propagated in co-culture system with stromal cells in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-dependent manner. CD34+ bone marrow cells derived from our PDX model showed high EVI1 and low GATA2 expression. Moreover, mutational profile of our MDS/AML model was consistent with recently published mutational spectrum of myeloid malignancies with inv(3)/t(3;3). These data suggest that YCU-AML1 cells and its MDS/AML model strongly mimics a high-risk human myeloid cancer with inv(3)(q21q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) and monosomy 7 in terms of both clinical phenotype and molecular basis. We believe our model can be used as a feasible tool to further explore molecular pathogenesis and novel treatment strategy of high-risk MDS/AML with t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) and monosomy 7.
Collapse
|
28
|
KDM2B in polycomb repressive complex 1.1 functions as a tumor suppressor in the initiation of T-cell leukemogenesis. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2537-2549. [PMID: 31471323 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KDM2B together with RING1B, PCGF1, and BCOR or BCORL1 comprise polycomb repressive complex 1.1 (PRC1.1), a noncanonical PRC1 that catalyzes H2AK119ub1. It binds to nonmethylated CpG islands through its zinc finger-CxxC DNA binding domain and recruits the complex to target gene loci. Recent studies identified the loss of function mutations in the PRC1.1 gene, BCOR and BCORL1 in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We previously reported that Bcor insufficiency induces T-ALL in mice, supporting a tumor suppressor role for BCOR. However, the function of BCOR responsible for tumor suppression, either its corepressor function for BCL6 or that as a component of PRC1.1, remains unclear. We herein examined mice specifically lacking the zinc finger-CxxC domain of KDM2B in hematopoietic cells. Similar to Bcor-deficient mice, Kdm2b-deficient mice developed lethal T-ALL mostly in a NOTCH1-dependent manner. A chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence analysis of thymocytes revealed the binding of KDM2B at promoter regions, at which BCOR and EZH2 colocalized. KDM2B target genes markedly overlapped with those of NOTCH1 in human T-ALL cells, suggesting that noncanonical PRC1.1 antagonizes NOTCH1-mediated gene activation. KDM2B target genes were expressed at higher levels than the others and were marked with high levels of H2AK119ub1 and H3K4me3, but low levels of H3K27me3, suggesting that KDM2B target genes are transcriptionally active or primed for activation. These results indicate that PRC1.1 plays a key role in restricting excessive transcriptional activation by active NOTCH1, thereby acting as a tumor suppressor in the initiation of T-cell leukemogenesis.
Collapse
|
29
|
PRC2 insufficiency causes p53-dependent dyserythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia 2020; 35:1156-1165. [PMID: 32820269 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
EZH1 and EZH2 are enzymatic components of polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 2, which catalyzes histone H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) to repress the transcription of PRC2 target genes. We previously reported that the hematopoietic cell-specific Ezh2 deletion (Ezh2Δ/Δ) induced a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-like disease in mice. We herein demonstrated that severe PRC2 insufficiency induced by the deletion of one allele Ezh1 in Ezh2-deficient mice (Ezh1+/-Ezh2Δ/Δ) caused advanced dyserythropoiesis accompanied by a differentiation block and enhanced apoptosis in erythroblasts. p53, which is activated by impaired ribosome biogenesis in del(5q) MDS, was specifically activated in erythroblasts, but not in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells in Ezh1+/-Ezh2Δ/Δ mice. Cdkn2a, a major PRC2 target encoding p19Arf, which activates p53 by inhibiting MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase, was de-repressed in Ezh1+/-Ezh2Δ/Δ erythroblasts. The deletion of Cdkn2a as well as p53 rescued dyserythropoiesis in Ezh1+/-Ezh2Δ/Δ mice, indicating that PRC2 insufficiency caused p53-dependent dyserythropoiesis via the de-repression of Cdkn2a. Since PRC2 insufficiency is often involved in the pathogenesis of MDS, the present results suggest that p53-dependent dyserythropoiesis manifests in MDS in the setting of PRC2 insufficiency.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kutscher LM, Okonechnikov K, Batora NV, Clark J, Silva PBG, Vouri M, van Rijn S, Sieber L, Statz B, Gearhart MD, Shiraishi R, Mack N, Orr BA, Korshunov A, Gudenas BL, Smith KS, Mercier AL, Ayrault O, Hoshino M, Kool M, von Hoff K, Graf N, Fleischhack G, Bardwell VJ, Pfister SM, Northcott PA, Kawauchi D. Functional loss of a noncanonical BCOR-PRC1.1 complex accelerates SHH-driven medulloblastoma formation. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1161-1176. [PMID: 32820036 PMCID: PMC7462063 DOI: 10.1101/gad.337584.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Kutscher et al. investigated the transcriptional corepressor BCOR as a putative tumor suppressor and used a genetically engineered mouse model to delete exons 9/10 of Bcor in GNPs during development. Their data suggest that BCOR–PRC1.1 disruption leads to Igf2 overexpression, which transforms preneoplastic cells to malignant tumors. Medulloblastoma is a malignant childhood brain tumor arising from the developing cerebellum. In Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup medulloblastoma, aberrant activation of SHH signaling causes increased proliferation of granule neuron progenitors (GNPs), and predisposes these cells to tumorigenesis. A second, cooperating genetic hit is often required to push these hyperplastic cells to malignancy and confer mutation-specific characteristics associated with oncogenic signaling. Somatic loss-of-function mutations of the transcriptional corepressor BCOR are recurrent and enriched in SHH medulloblastoma. To investigate BCOR as a putative tumor suppressor, we used a genetically engineered mouse model to delete exons 9/10 of Bcor (BcorΔE9–10) in GNPs during development. This mutation leads to reduced expression of C-terminally truncated BCOR (BCORΔE9–10). While BcorΔE9–10 alone did not promote tumorigenesis or affect GNP differentiation, BcorΔE9–10 combined with loss of the SHH receptor gene Ptch1 resulted in fully penetrant medulloblastomas. In Ptch1+/−;BcorΔE9–10 tumors, the growth factor gene Igf2 was aberrantly up-regulated, and ectopic Igf2 overexpression was sufficient to drive tumorigenesis in Ptch1+/− GNPs. BCOR directly regulates Igf2, likely through the PRC1.1 complex; the repressive histone mark H2AK119Ub is decreased at the Igf2 promoter in Ptch1+/−;BcorΔE9–10 tumors. Overall, our data suggests that BCOR–PRC1.1 disruption leads to Igf2 overexpression, which transforms preneoplastic cells to malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Kutscher
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadja V Batora
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Clark
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia B G Silva
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikaella Vouri
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sjoerd van Rijn
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Sieber
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Statz
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Masonic Cancer Center, Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
| | - Norman Mack
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brian L Gudenas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kyle S Smith
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Audrey L Mercier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3347, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U1021, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Orsay 91405, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université, UMR 3347, CNRS, U1021, INSERM, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3347, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U1021, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Orsay 91405, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université, UMR 3347, CNRS, U1021, INSERM, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katja von Hoff
- Department for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Charité University Medicine, 13354 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Fleischhack
- Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Pediatrics III, University Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Vivian J Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Masonic Cancer Center, Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pisapia DJ, Ohara K, Bareja R, Wilkes DC, Hissong E, Croyle JA, Kim JH, Saab J, MacDonald TY, Beg S, O’Reilly C, Kudman S, Rubin MA, Elemento O, Sboner A, Greenfield J, Mosquera JM. Fusions involving BCOR and CREBBP are rare events in infiltrating glioma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:80. [PMID: 32493417 PMCID: PMC7271411 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BCOR has been recognized as a recurrently altered gene in a subset of pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we describe a novel BCOR-CREBBP fusion event in a case of pediatric infiltrating astrocytoma and further probe the frequency of related fusion events in CNS tumors. We analyzed biopsy samples taken from a 15-year-old male with an aggressive, unresectable and multifocal infiltrating astrocytoma. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and targeted DNA sequencing. In the index case, the fused BCOR-CREBBP transcript comprises exons 1-4 of BCOR and exon 31 of CREBBP. The fused gene thus retains the Bcl6 interaction domain of BCOR while eliminating the domain that has been shown to interact with the polycomb group protein PCGF1. The fusion event was validated by FISH and reverse transcriptase PCR. An additional set of 177 pediatric and adult primary CNS tumors were assessed via FISH for BCOR break apart events, all of which were negative. An additional 509 adult lower grade infiltrating gliomas from the publicly available TCGA dataset were screened for BCOR or CREBBP fusions. In this set, one case was found to harbor a CREBBP-GOLGA6L2 fusion and one case a CREBBP-SRRM2 fusion. In a third patient, both BCOR-L3MBTL2 and EP300-BCOR fusions were seen. Of particular interest to this study, EP300 is a paralog of CREBBP and the breakpoint seen involves a similar region of the gene to that of the index case; however, the resultant transcript is predicted to be completely distinct. While this gene fusion may play an oncogenic role through the loss of tumor suppressor functions of BCOR and CREBBP, further screening over larger cohorts and functional validation is needed to determine the degree to which this or similar fusions are recurrent and to elucidate their oncogenic potential.
Collapse
|
32
|
Myxoid smooth muscle neoplasia of the uterus: comprehensive analysis by next-generation sequencing and nucleic acid hybridization. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1688-1697. [PMID: 31189997 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uterine myxoid smooth muscle tumors, including myxoid leiomyosarcoma, are rare and their genomic profile has not been fully characterized. With the discovery of uterine sarcomas with ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion and BCOR internal tandem duplications, the differential diagnosis of myxoid smooth muscle lesions is expanding to include molecularly-defined tumors. Thus, we aimed to explore the genomic landscape of myxoid smooth muscle tumor using comprehensive tools. We performed whole exome next-generation sequencing and a pan-sarcoma RNA fusion assay in tumoral paraffin-embedded tissue from nine well-characterized uterine myxoid smooth muscle tumors (seven myxoid leiomyosarcomas and two myxoid smooth muscle tumors of unknown malignant potential). By immunohistochemistry, all tumors were strongly positive for smooth muscle markers and negative for BCOR staining; 4/6 expressed PLAG1. None of the tumors harbored known fusions including ZC3H7B-BCOR, TRPS1-PLAG1, and RAD51B-PLAG1. None harbored exon 15 BCOR internal tandem duplications; however, four tumors contained BCOR internal tandem duplications of unknown significance (mostly intronic). Mutational burden was low (median 3.8 mutations/megabase). DNA damage repair pathway gene mutations, including TP53 and BRCA2, were found. Copy number variation load, inferred from sequencing data, was variable with genomic indexes ranging from 2.2 to 74.7 (median 25.7), with higher indexes in myxoid leiomyosarcomas than myxoid smooth muscle tumors of unknown malignant potential. The absence of clear driver mutations suggests myxoid smooth muscle tumors to be genetically heterogeneous group of tumours and that other genetic (eg., undiscovered translocation) or epigenetic events drive the pathogenesis of uterine myxoid smooth muscle neoplasia.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sashida G, Oshima M, Iwama A. Deregulated Polycomb functions in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:170-178. [PMID: 30706327 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb proteins function in the maintenance of gene silencing via post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin compaction. Genetic and biochemical studies have revealed that the repressive function of Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) in transcription is counteracted by the activating function of Trithorax-group complexes; this balance fine-tunes the expression of genes critical for development and tissue homeostasis. The function of PRCs is frequently dysregulated in various cancer cells due to altered expression or recurrent somatic mutations in PRC genes. The tumor suppressive functions of EZH2-containing PRC2 and a PRC2-related protein ASXL1 have been investigated extensively in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). BCOR, a component of non-canonical PRC1, suppresses various hematological malignancies including MPN. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the role of PRCs in the pathogenesis of MPN and the therapeutic impact of targeting the pathological functions of PRCs in MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Asada S, Kitamura T. Aberrant histone modifications induced by mutant ASXL1 in myeloid neoplasms. Int J Hematol 2018; 110:179-186. [PMID: 30515738 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An epigenetic modulator Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is recurrently mutated in myeloid neoplasms such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). ASXL1 mutations are also frequently detected in clonal hematopoiesis with indeterminate potential (CHIP), which is the clonal expansion of premalignant hematopoietic cells without any evidence of hematological malignancies. Thus, understanding the roles of ASXL1 in hematopoiesis and myeloid neoplasms is a clinically crucial issue. ASXL1 mutations in hematological neoplasms are typically frameshift or nonsense mutations and occur near the 5' end of the last exon, thereby the transcripts would escape from nonsense-mediated decay, Indeed, we identified the C-terminally truncated mutant protein of ASXL1 in several cell lines derived from patients with myeloid leukemia. In mouse models, expression of the mutant ASXL1 results in impaired hematopoiesis and promotes development of myeloid neoplasms. In addition, recent findings from biochemical analysis have demonstrated that the mutant ASXL1 protein gains new functions including enhancing catalytic activity of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1), resulting in reduction of H2AK119ub and aberrant gene expression essential for myeloid transformation. In this review, we will focus on the pivotal roles of the mutant ASXL1 on histone modifications and myeloid transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Asada
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Division of Stem Cell Signaling, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Division of Stem Cell Signaling, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Isshiki Y, Iwama A. Emerging role of noncanonical polycomb repressive complexes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2018; 68:10-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|