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Trivanović D, Vujačić M, Labella R, Djordjević IO, Ćazić M, Chernak B, Jauković A. Molecular Deconvolution of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Interactions with Malignant Hematopoiesis: Potential for New Therapy Development. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024:10.1007/s11914-024-00879-x. [PMID: 38922359 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Along with a strong impact on skeletal integrity, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is an important modulator of the adult hematopoietic system. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the causal relationship between bone marrow (BM) adipogenesis and the development and progression of hematologic malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS BM adipocytes (BMAds) support a number of processes promoting oncogenesis, including the evolution of clonal hematopoiesis, malignant cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. In addition, leukemic cells manipulate surrounding BMAds by promoting lipolysis and release of free fatty acids, which are then utilized by leukemic cells via β-oxidation. Therefore, limiting BM adipogenesis, blocking BMAd-derived adipokines, or lipid metabolism obstruction have been considered as potential treatment options for hematological malignancies. Leukemic stem cells rely heavily on BMAds within the structural BM microenvironment for necessary signals which foster disease progression. Further development of 3D constructs resembling BMAT at different skeletal regions are critical to better understand these relationships in geometric space and may provide essential insight into the development of hematologic malignancies within the BM niche. In turn, these mechanisms provide promising potential as novel approaches to targeting the microenvironment with new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drenka Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Vujačić
- Institute for Orthopedy Banjica, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rossella Labella
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Edward P. Evans Center for Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivana Okić Djordjević
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ćazić
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tiršova, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brian Chernak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pourhassan H, Murphy L, Aldoss I. Glucocorticoid Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Navigating Short-Term and Long-Term Effects and Optimal Regimen Selection. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2024:10.1007/s11899-024-00735-w. [PMID: 38867099 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-024-00735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glucocorticoids are a mainstay in acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment and lack of early response is predictive for overall disease prognosis. Given the vital position of glucocorticoids and well known long and short-term side effects associated with differing glucocorticoids, we aim to highlight the wide breadth of historical and more contemporary data to describe the current landscape of glucocorticoid use in this arena. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging studies aim to overcome issues such as steroid resistance and to optimize the antileukemic effects of glucocorticoids while aiming to mitigate the risks and side effects associated with their exposure. Glucocorticoids have and likely always will be a fundamental component of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment and understanding how to navigate short- and long-term effects and how to optimize regimens is at the heart of continued treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Pourhassan
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Lindsey Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38233872 PMCID: PMC10792844 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical role in tumor progression. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that has pleiotropic effects on the TME. The downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and ion channels. While cAMP can activate PKA or EPAC and promote cancer cell growth, it can also inhibit cell proliferation and survival in context- and cancer type-dependent manner. Tumor-associated stromal cells, such as CAF and immune cells, can release cytokines and growth factors that either stimulate or inhibit cAMP production within the TME. Recent studies have shown that targeting cAMP signaling in the TME has therapeutic benefits in cancer. Small-molecule agents that inhibit adenylate cyclase and PKA have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, cAMP-elevating agents, such as forskolin, can not only induce cancer cell death, but also directly inhibit cell proliferation in some cancer types. In this review, we summarize current understanding of cAMP signaling in cancer biology and immunology and discuss the basis for its context-dependent dual role in oncogenesis. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which cAMP and the TME interact in cancer will be critical for the development of effective therapies. Future studies aimed at investigating the cAMP-cancer axis and its regulation in the TME may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Olivera I, Luri-Rey C, Teijeira A, Eguren-Santamaria I, Gomis G, Palencia B, Berraondo P, Melero I. Facts and Hopes on Neutralization of Protumor Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4711-4727. [PMID: 37522874 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In cancer pathogenesis, soluble mediators are responsible for a type of inflammation that favors the progression of tumors. The mechanisms chiefly involve changes in the cellular composition of the tumor tissue stroma and in the functional modulation of myeloid and lymphoid leukocytes. Active immunosuppression, proangiogenesis, changes in leukocyte traffic, extracellular matrix remodeling, and alterations in tumor-antigen presentation are the main mechanisms linked to the inflammation that fosters tumor growth and metastasis. Soluble inflammatory mediators and their receptors are amenable to various types of inhibitors that can be combined with other immunotherapy approaches. The main proinflammatory targets which can be interfered with at present and which are under preclinical and clinical development are IL1β, IL6, the CXCR1/2 chemokine axis, TNFα, VEGF, leukemia inhibitory factor, CCL2, IL35, and prostaglandins. In many instances, the corresponding neutralizing agents are already clinically available and can be repurposed as a result of their use in other areas of medicine such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Olivera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Eguren-Santamaria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomis
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Belen Palencia
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wesselman HM, Arceri L, Nguyen TK, Lara CM, Wingert RA. Genetic mechanisms of multiciliated cell development: from fate choice to differentiation in zebrafish and other models. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 37997009 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCS) form bundles of cilia and their activities are essential for the proper development and physiology of many organ systems. Not surprisingly, defects in MCCs have profound consequences and are associated with numerous disease states. Here, we discuss the current understanding of MCC formation, with a special focus on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of MCC fate choice and differentiation. Furthermore, we cast a spotlight on the use of zebrafish to study MCC ontogeny and several recent advances made in understanding MCCs using this vertebrate model to delineate mechanisms of MCC emergence in the developing kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana Arceri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Thanh Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Lara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
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6
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Faust HJ, Cheng TY, Korsunsky I, Watts GFM, Gal-Oz ST, Trim W, Kongthong K, Jonsson AH, Simmons DP, Zhang F, Padera R, Chubinskaya S, Wei K, Raychaudhuri S, Lynch L, Moody DB, Brenner MB. Adipocytes regulate fibroblast function, and their loss contributes to fibroblast dysfunction in inflammatory diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.16.540975. [PMID: 37292637 PMCID: PMC10245775 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.540975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts play critical roles in tissue homeostasis, but in pathologic states can drive fibrosis, inflammation, and tissue destruction. In the joint synovium, fibroblasts provide homeostatic maintenance and lubrication. Little is known about what regulates the homeostatic functions of fibroblasts in healthy conditions. We performed RNA sequencing of healthy human synovial tissue and identified a fibroblast gene expression program characterized by enhanced fatty acid metabolism and lipid transport. We found that fat-conditioned media reproduces key aspects of the lipid-related gene signature in cultured fibroblasts. Fractionation and mass spectrometry identified cortisol in driving the healthy fibroblast phenotype, confirmed using glucocorticoid receptor gene ( NR3C1 ) deleted cells. Depletion of synovial adipocytes in mice resulted in loss of the healthy fibroblast phenotype and revealed adipocytes as a major contributor to active cortisol generation via Hsd11 β 1 expression. Cortisol signaling in fibroblasts mitigated matrix remodeling induced by TNFα- and TGFβ, while stimulation with these cytokines repressed cortisol signaling and adipogenesis. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of adipocytes and cortisol signaling in driving the healthy synovial fibroblast state that is lost in disease.
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Kośmider K, Karska K, Kozakiewicz A, Lejman M, Zawitkowska J. Overcoming Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-The State-of-the-Art Knowledge and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073795. [PMID: 35409154 PMCID: PMC8999045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children. Despite the enormous progress in ALL therapy, resulting in achieving a 5-year survival rate of up to 90%, the ambitious goal of reaching a 100% survival rate is still being pursued. A typical ALL treatment includes three phases: remission induction and consolidation and maintenance, preceded by a prednisone prephase. Poor prednisone response (PPR) is defined as the presence of ≥1.0 × 109 blasts/L in the peripheral blood on day eight of therapy and results in significantly frequent relapses and worse outcomes. Hence, identifying risk factors of steroid resistance and finding methods of overcoming that resistance may significantly improve patients' outcomes. A mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) pathway seems to be a particularly attractive target, as its activation leads to steroid resistance via a phosphorylating Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), which is crucial in the steroid-induced cell death. Several mutations causing activation of MAPK-ERK were discovered, notably the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) pathway mutations in T-cell ALL and rat sarcoma virus (Ras) pathway mutations in precursor B-cell ALL. MAPK-ERK pathway inhibitors were demonstrated to enhance the results of dexamethasone therapy in preclinical ALL studies. This report summarizes steroids' mechanism of action, resistance to treatment, and prospects of steroids therapy in pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kośmider
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Karska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Kozakiewicz
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Mu D, Long S, Guo L, Liu W. High Expression of VAV Gene Family Predicts Poor Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211065877. [PMID: 34894858 PMCID: PMC8679409 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211065877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: VAV family genes (VAV1, VAV2, and
VAV3) are associated with prognosis in various cancers;
however, they have not been evaluated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this
study, the prognostic value of VAV expression in AML was evaluated by a
single-center study in combination with bioinformatics analyses.
Methods: The expression and prognostic value of VAVs in
patients with AML were investigated using various databases, including GEPIA,
CCLE, EMBL-EBI, UALCAN, cBioPortal, STRING, and DAVID. Blood samples from 35
patients with AML (non-M3 subtype) and 13 benigh individuals were collected at
our center. VAV expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR
(RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Clinical data were derived from medical records.
Results: Based on data from multiple databases, the expression
levels of VAV1, VAV2, and VAV3 were significantly higher in AML than in control
tissues (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR and western blotting results
showed that VAV expression in mRNA and protein levels were
higher in patients with AML that in the control group (P <
0.05). Complete remission rates were lower and risks were higher in patients
with AML with high VAV1 expression than with low
VAV1 expression (P < 0.05). High levels
of VAV2, VAV3, and VAV1 were related to a poor overall survival, and this
relationship was significant for VAV1 (P < 0.05). High
expression levels of genes correlated with VAV1, such as
SIPA1, SH2D3C, and HMHA1
were also related to a poor prognosis in AML. Functional and pathways enrichment
analyses indicated that the contribution of the VAV family to AML may be
mediated by the NF-κB, cAMP, and other pathways. Conclusion: VAVs
were highly expressed in AML. In particular, VAV1 has prognostic value and is a
promising therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mu
- 556508Department of Pediatrics Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,556508Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Sili Long
- 556508Department of Pediatrics Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,556508Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ling Guo
- 556508Department of Pediatrics Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,556508Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- 556508Department of Pediatrics Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,556508Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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Jara-Gutiérrez Á, Baladrón V. The Role of Prostaglandins in Different Types of Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061487. [PMID: 34199169 PMCID: PMC8231512 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostaglandins constitute a family of lipids of 20 carbon atoms that derive from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. Traditionally, prostaglandins have been linked to inflammation, female reproductive cycle, vasodilation, or bronchodilator/bronchoconstriction. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of these lipids in cancer. In this review, existing information on the prostaglandins associated with different types of cancer and the advances related to the potential use of them in neoplasm therapies have been analyzed. We can conclude that the effect of prostaglandins depends on multiple factors, such as the target tissue, their plasma concentration, and the prostaglandin subtype, among others. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) seems to hinder tumor progression, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) seem to provide greater tumor progression and aggressiveness. However, more studies are needed to determine the role of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) in cancer due to the conflicting data obtained. On the other hand, the use of different NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), especially those selective of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase 2), could have a crucial role in the fight against different neoplasms, either as prophylaxis or as an adjuvant treatment. In addition, multiple targets, related to the action of prostaglandins on the intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in cancer, have been discovered. Thus, in depth research about the prostaglandins involved in different cancer and the different targets modulated by them, as well as their role in the tumor microenvironment and the immune response, is necessary to obtain better therapeutic tools to fight cancer.
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Niu YN, Zeng Y, Zhong FF, Long SL, Ren DW, Qin X, Liu WJ. Salidroside overcomes dexamethasone resistance in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:636. [PMID: 33968167 PMCID: PMC8097222 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze whether the use of salidroside (SAL) could overcome dexamethasone (DEX) resistance in T-acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. The human T-ALL DEX-resistant cell line, CEM-C1 and the DEX-sensitive cell line, CEM-C7 were used in the current study. The proliferation inhibition rates in these cells, treated with SAL and DEX alone, and in combination were detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, while the morphological changes of the cells were observed using an inverted microscope. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of the c-Myc and LC3 genes, while flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution and the rate of apoptosis. In addition, western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of c-Myc, BCL-2, Bax, cleaved PARP and LC3. and acridine orange staining was used to detect the changes in acidic autophagy vesicles. It was found that SAL could effectively inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in the CEM-C1 and CEM-C7 cells. In addition, SAL promoted the induction of autophagy. The protein expression levels of c-Myc in the CEM-C1 cells were significantly higher compared with that in the CEM-C7 cells. SAL downregulated the mRNA expression levels of the c-Myc gene and protein in a dose-dependent manner. This suggested that SAL could inhibit the proliferation of the CEM-C1 and CEM-C7 cells, induce apoptosis and autophagy and overcome DEX resistance in the CEM-C1 cells. The mechanism may be associated with the downregulation of c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Na Niu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Si-Li Long
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Wei Ren
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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