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Chen S, Tang D, Deng L, Xu S. Asian-European differentiation of schizophrenia-associated genes driven by admixture and natural selection. iScience 2024; 27:109560. [PMID: 38638564 PMCID: PMC11024917 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The European-centered genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) may not be well applied to non-European populations. We analyzed 1,592 reported SCZ-associated genes using the public genome data and found an overall higher Asian-European differentiation on the SCZ-associated variants than at the genome-wide level. Notable examples included 15 missense variants, a regulatory variant SLC5A10-rs1624825, and a damaging variant TSPAN18-rs1001292. Independent local adaptations in recent 25,000 years, after the Asian-European divergence, could have contributed to such genetic differentiation, as were identified at a missense mutation LTN1-rs57646126-A in Asians, and a non-risk allele ZSWIM6-rs72761442-G in Europeans. Altai-Neanderthal-derived alleles may have opposite effects on SCZ susceptibility between ancestries. Furthermore, adaptive introgression was detected on the non-risk haplotype at 1q21.2 in Europeans, while in Asians it was observed on the SCZ risk haplotype at 3p21.31 which is also potentially ultra-violet protective. This study emphasizes the importance of including more representative Asian samples in future SCZ studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Die Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Frenz-Wiessner S, Fairley SD, Buser M, Goek I, Salewskij K, Jonsson G, Illig D, Zu Putlitz B, Petersheim D, Li Y, Chen PH, Kalauz M, Conca R, Sterr M, Geuder J, Mizoguchi Y, Megens RTA, Linder MI, Kotlarz D, Rudelius M, Penninger JM, Marr C, Klein C. Generation of complex bone marrow organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Methods 2024; 21:868-881. [PMID: 38374263 PMCID: PMC11093744 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The human bone marrow (BM) niche sustains hematopoiesis throughout life. We present a method for generating complex BM-like organoids (BMOs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). BMOs consist of key cell types that self-organize into spatially defined three-dimensional structures mimicking cellular, structural and molecular characteristics of the hematopoietic microenvironment. Functional properties of BMOs include the presence of an in vivo-like vascular network, the presence of multipotent mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, the support of neutrophil differentiation and responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a heterocellular composition including the presence of a hematopoietic stem/progenitor (HSPC) cluster expressing genes of fetal HSCs. BMO-derived HSPCs also exhibited lymphoid potential and a subset demonstrated transient engraftment potential upon xenotransplantation in mice. We show that the BMOs could enable the modeling of hematopoietic developmental aspects and inborn errors of hematopoiesis, as shown for human VPS45 deficiency. Thus, iPSC-derived BMOs serve as a physiologically relevant in vitro model of the human BM microenvironment to study hematopoietic development and BM diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Frenz-Wiessner
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Savannah D Fairley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Buser
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Goek
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirill Salewskij
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustav Jonsson
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Illig
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedicta Zu Putlitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Petersheim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pin-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Kalauz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Geuder
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yoko Mizoguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika I Linder
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Pisanu C, Congiu D, Meloni A, Paribello P, Patrinos GP, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Manchia M, Squassina A. Dissecting the genetic overlap between severe mental disorders and markers of cellular aging: Identification of pleiotropic genes and druggable targets. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1033-1041. [PMID: 38402365 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) show a substantial reduction in life expectancy, increased incidence of comorbid medical conditions commonly observed with advanced age and alterations of aging hallmarks. While severe mental disorders are heritable, the extent to which genetic predisposition might contribute to accelerated cellular aging is not known. We used bivariate causal mixture models to quantify the trait-specific and shared architecture of mental disorders and 2 aging hallmarks (leukocyte telomere length [LTL] and mitochondrial DNA copy number), and the conjunctional false discovery rate method to detect shared genetic loci. We integrated gene expression data from brain regions from GTEx and used different tools to functionally annotate identified loci and investigate their druggability. Aging hallmarks showed low polygenicity compared with severe mental disorders. We observed a significant negative global genetic correlation between MDD and LTL (rg = -0.14, p = 6.5E-10), and no significant results for other severe mental disorders or for mtDNA-cn. However, conditional QQ plots and bivariate causal mixture models pointed to significant pleiotropy among all severe mental disorders and aging hallmarks. We identified genetic variants significantly shared between LTL and BD (n = 17), SCZ (n = 55) or MDD (n = 19), or mtDNA-cn and BD (n = 4), SCZ (n = 12) or MDD (n = 1), with mixed direction of effects. The exonic rs7909129 variant in the SORCS3 gene, encoding a member of the retromer complex involved in protein trafficking and intracellular/intercellular signaling, was associated with shorter LTL and increased predisposition to all severe mental disorders. Genetic variants underlying risk of SCZ or MDD and shorter LTL modulate expression of several druggable genes in different brain regions. Genistein, a phytoestrogen with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, was an upstream regulator of 2 genes modulated by variants associated with risk of MDD and shorter LTL. While our results suggest that shared heritability might play a limited role in contributing to accelerated cellular aging in severe mental disorders, we identified shared genetic determinants and prioritized different druggable targets and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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4
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Parisi X, Bledsoe JR. Discerning clinicopathological features of congenital neutropenia syndromes: an approach to diagnostically challenging differential diagnoses. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2022-208686. [PMID: 38589208 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The congenital neutropenia syndromes are rare haematological conditions defined by impaired myeloid precursor differentiation or function. Patients are prone to severe infections with high mortality rates in early life. While some patients benefit from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment, they may still face an increased risk of bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukaemia. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for improved outcomes; however, diagnosis depends on familiarity with a heterogeneous group of rare disorders that remain incompletely characterised. The clinical and pathological overlap between reactive conditions, primary and congenital neutropenias, bone marrow failure, and myelodysplastic syndromes further clouds diagnostic clarity.We review the diagnostically useful clinicopathological and morphological features of reactive causes of neutropenia and the most common primary neutropenia disorders: constitutional/benign ethnic neutropenia, chronic idiopathic neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, severe congenital neutropenia (due to mutations in ELANE, GFI1, HAX1, G6PC3, VPS45, JAGN1, CSF3R, SRP54, CLPB and WAS), GATA2 deficiency, Warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections and myelokathexis syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome, the lysosomal storage disorders with neutropenia: Chediak-Higashi, Hermansky-Pudlak, and Griscelli syndromes, Cohen, and Barth syndromes. We also detail characteristic cytogenetic and molecular factors at diagnosis and in progression to myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Parisi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob R Bledsoe
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Ortega Duran M, Shaheed SU, Sutton CW, Shnyder SD. A Proteomic Investigation to Discover Candidate Proteins Involved in Novel Mechanisms of 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:342. [PMID: 38391955 PMCID: PMC10886605 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to therapeutic success in colorectal cancer (CRC) is the development of acquired resistance to treatment with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Whilst some resistance mechanisms are well known, it is clear from the stasis in therapy success rate that much is still unknown. Here, a proteomics approach is taken towards identification of candidate proteins using 5-FU-resistant sublines of human CRC cell lines generated in house. Using a multiplexed stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy, 5-FU-resistant and equivalently passaged sensitive cell lines were compared to parent cell lines by growing in Heavy medium with 2D liquid chromatography and Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ Mass Spectrometry analysis. Among 3003 commonly quantified proteins, six (CD44, APP, NAGLU, CORO7, AGR2, PLSCR1) were found up-regulated, and six (VPS45, RBMS2, RIOK1, RAP1GDS1, POLR3D, CD55) down-regulated. A total of 11 of the 12 proteins have a known association with drug resistance mechanisms or role in CRC oncogenesis. Validation through immunodetection techniques confirmed high expression of CD44 and CD63, two known drug resistance mediators with elevated proteomics expression results. The information revealed by the sensitivity of this method warrants it as an important tool for elaborating the complexity of acquired drug resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ortega Duran
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Sadr Ul Shaheed
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK
| | | | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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6
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Wang X, Hu M, Chen J, Lou X, Zhang H, Li M, Cheng J, Ma T, Xiong J, Gao R, Chen X, Wang J. Key roles of autophagosome/endosome maturation mediated by Syntaxin17 in methamphetamine-induced neuronal damage in mice. Mol Med 2024; 30:4. [PMID: 38172666 PMCID: PMC10765725 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagic defects are involved in Methamphetamine (Meth)-induced neurotoxicity. Syntaxin 17 (Stx17), a member of the SNARE protein family, participating in several stages of autophagy, including autophagosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion. However, the role of Stx17 and potential mechanisms in autophagic defects induced by Meth remain poorly understood. METHODS To address the mechanism of Meth-induced cognitive impairment, the adenovirus (AV) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) were injected into the hippocampus for stereotaxis to overexpress Stx17 in vivo to examine the cognitive ability via morris water maze and novel object recognition. In molecular level, the synaptic injury and autophagic defects were evaluated. To address the Meth induced neuronal damage, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation assay was performed to evaluate the degradability of the "cargos" mediated by Meth, and mechanistically, the maturation of the vesicles, including autophagosomes and endosomes, were validated by the Co-IP and the GTP-agarose affinity isolation assays. RESULTS Overexpression of Stx17 in the hippocampus markedly rescued the Meth-induced cognitive impairment and synaptic loss. For endosomes, Meth exposure upregulated Rab5 expression and its guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) (immature endosome), with a commensurate decreased active form of Rab7 (Rab7-GTP) and impeded the binding of Rab7 to CCZ1 (mature endosome); for autophagosomes, Meth treatment elicited a dramatic reduction in the overlap between Stx17 and autophagosomes but increased the colocalization of ATG5 and autophagosomes (immature autophagosomes). After Stx17 overexpression, the Rab7-GTP levels in purified late endosomes were substantially increased in parallel with the elevated mature autophagosomes, facilitating cargo (Aβ42, p-tau, and EGFR) degradation in the vesicles, which finally ameliorated Meth-induced synaptic loss and memory deficits in mice. CONCLUSION Stx17 decrease mediated by Meth contributes to vesicle fusion defects which may ascribe to the immature autophagosomes and endosomes, leading to autophagic dysfunction and finalizes neuronal damage and cognitive impairments. Therefore, targeting Stx17 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for Meth-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Miaoyang Hu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jingrong Chen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xinyu Lou
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Muhan Li
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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7
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Gengyo-Ando K, Tateyama M, Mitani S, Ando H, Nakai J. A humanized Caenorhabditis elegans model for studying pathogenic mutations in VPS45, a protein essential for membrane trafficking, associated with severe congenital neutropenia. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.001052. [PMID: 38089934 PMCID: PMC10714219 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
VPS45, one of the essential membrane trafficking factors, has been identified as a cause of severe congenital neutropenia 5 (SCN5), but its pathophysiological role remains unknown. Here, we developed a humanized C. elegans model for three pathogenic VPS45 variants. We found that wild-type human VPS45 functionally complemented the loss of C. elegans VPS-45 , and the pathogenic human VPS45 variants functioned almost normally with respect to larval development and endocytosis in C. elegans . These results suggest that SCN5-associated mutations have little effect on the core function of VPS45, and/or that the degree of VPS45 requirement varies, depending on the cell/tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Gengyo-Ando
- Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Minoru Tateyama
- Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ando
- Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakai
- Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
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8
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Liu RJY, Al-Molieh Y, Chen SZ, Drobac M, Urban D, Chen CH, Yao HHY, Geng RSQ, Li L, Pluthero FG, Benlekbir S, Rubinstein JL, Kahr WHA. The Sec1/Munc18 protein VPS33B forms a uniquely bidirectional complex with VPS16B. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104718. [PMID: 37062417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function variants of VPS33B and VIPAS39 (encoding VPS16B) are causative for arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome, where early lethality of patients indicates that VPS33B and VPS16B play essential cellular roles. VPS33B is a member of the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein family, and thus thought to facilitate vesicular fusion via interaction with SNARE complexes, as does its paralog VPS33A in the homotypic fusion and vacuole sorting (HOPS) complex. VPS33B and VPS16B have been shown to associate, but little is known about the composition, structure or function of the VPS33B/VPS16B complex. We show here that human VPS33B/VPS16B is a high molecular weight complex, which we expressed in yeast to obtain material for structural, composition and stability analysis. Circular dichroism data indicate VPS33B/VPS16B has a well-folded α-helical secondary structure, for which size exclusion chromatography-multi angle light scattering revealed a MW of ∼315 kDa. Quantitative immunoblotting indicated the complex has a VPS33B:VPS16B ratio of 2:3. Expression of ARC syndrome-causing VPS33B missense variants showed that L30P disrupts complex formation, but not S243F or H344D. Truncated VPS16B containing amino acids 143-316 was sufficient to form a complex with VPS33B. Small angle X-ray scattering and negative staining electron microscopy revealed a two-lobed shape for VPS33B/VPS16B. Avidin tagging indicated that each lobe contains a VPS33B molecule, and they are oriented in opposite directions. From this we propose a structure for VPS33B/VPS16B that allows the copies of VPS33B at each end to interact with separate SNARE bundles and/or SNAREpins, plus their associated membrane components. Thus our observations reveal the only known potentially bidirectional SM protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Y Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yusef Al-Molieh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shao Z Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marko Drobac
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Denisa Urban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chang H Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Helen H Y Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ryan S Q Geng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ling Li
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Samir Benlekbir
- Molecular Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John L Rubinstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Molecular Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada; Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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9
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Fan Y, Mizoguchi Y, Tatematsu M, Linder MI, Frenz S, Choi J, Klein C. Analyzing mitochondrial respiration of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myeloid progenitors using Seahorse technology. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102073. [PMID: 36853722 PMCID: PMC9922929 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is critical in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we present a step-by-step protocol to efficiently differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells into myeloid progenitors by a robust feeder- and serum-free system. Furthermore, we provide a protocol to subsequently assess mitochondrial function in iPSC-derived myeloid progenitors. We comprehensively describe a protocol to analyze and to quantify key parameters of mitochondrial respiration of iPSC-derived myeloid progenitors by the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. Additionally, our protocol includes extensive troubleshooting suggestions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Fan et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Gene Center, University Hospital, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yoko Mizoguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Gene Center, University Hospital, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Megumi Tatematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Gene Center, University Hospital, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika I Linder
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Gene Center, University Hospital, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Frenz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Gene Center, University Hospital, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jongsu Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Gene Center, University Hospital, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Gene Center, University Hospital, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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10
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Durán A, Priestman DA, Las Heras M, Rebolledo-Jaramillo B, Olguín V, Calderón JF, Zanlungo S, Gutiérrez J, Platt FM, Klein AD. A Mouse Systems Genetics Approach Reveals Common and Uncommon Genetic Modifiers of Hepatic Lysosomal Enzyme Activities and Glycosphingolipids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054915. [PMID: 36902345 PMCID: PMC10002577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of genetic modulators of lysosomal enzyme activities and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) may facilitate the development of therapeutics for diseases in which they participate, including Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs). To this end, we used a systems genetics approach: we measured 11 hepatic lysosomal enzymes and many of their natural substrates (GSLs), followed by modifier gene mapping by GWAS and transcriptomics associations in a panel of inbred strains. Unexpectedly, most GSLs showed no association between their levels and the enzyme activity that catabolizes them. Genomic mapping identified 30 shared predicted modifier genes between the enzymes and GSLs, which are clustered in three pathways and are associated with other diseases. Surprisingly, they are regulated by ten common transcription factors, and their majority by miRNA-340p. In conclusion, we have identified novel regulators of GSL metabolism, which may serve as therapeutic targets for LSDs and may suggest the involvement of GSL metabolism in other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyelo Durán
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | | | - Macarena Las Heras
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Boris Rebolledo-Jaramillo
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Valeria Olguín
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Juan F. Calderón
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330033, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7510602, Chile
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Andrés D. Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Correspondence:
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11
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Park SD, Saunders AS, Reidy MA, Bender DE, Clifton S, Morris KT. A review of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor signaling and regulation with implications for cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932608. [PMID: 36033452 PMCID: PMC9402976 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR) is a critical regulator of granulopoiesis. Studies have shown significant upregulation of GCSFR in a variety of cancers and cell types and have recognized GCSFR as a cytokine receptor capable of influencing both myeloid and non-myeloid immune cells, supporting pro-tumoral actions. This systematic review aims to summarize the available literature examining the mechanisms that control GCSFR signaling, regulation, and surface expression with emphasis on how these mechanisms may be dysregulated in cancer. Experiments with different cancer cell lines from breast cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, and neuroblastoma are used to review the biological function and underlying mechanisms of increased GCSFR expression with emphasis on actions related to tumor proliferation, migration, and metastasis, primarily acting through the JAK/STAT pathway. Evidence is also presented that demonstrates a differential physiological response to aberrant GCSFR signal transduction in different organs. The lifecycle of the receptor is also reviewed to support future work defining how this signaling axis becomes dysregulated in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin David Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Apryl S. Saunders
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Megan A. Reidy
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Dawn E. Bender
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shari Clifton
- Department of Information Management, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Katherine T. Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine T. Morris,
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12
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Plooster M, Brennwald P, Gupton SL. Endosomal trafficking in schizophrenia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 74:102539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (L-plastin) I232F mutation impairs granulocytic proliferation and causes neutropenia. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2581-2594. [PMID: 34991157 PMCID: PMC9043934 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils migrate into inflamed tissue, engage in phagocytosis, and clear pathogens or apoptotic cells. These processes require well-coordinated events involving the actin cytoskeleton. We describe a child with severe neutropenia and episodes of soft tissue infections and pneumonia. Bone marrow examination showed granulocytic hypoplasia with dysplasia. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in LCP1, which encodes the F-actin-binding protein Lymphocyte Cytosolic Protein 1. To determine its pathophysiological significance, we stably transduced cells with doxycycline-inducible wild-type LCP1 and LCP1 I232F lentiviral constructs. We observed dysplastic granulocytic 32D cells expressing LCP1 I232F cells. These cells showed decreased proliferation without a block in differentiation. In addition, expression of LCP1 I232F resulted in a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, but it did not lead to increased levels of genes involved in apoptosis or the unfolded protein response. Both 32D and HeLa cells expressing mutant LCP1 displayed impaired cell motility and invasiveness. Flow cytometry showed increased F-actin. However, mutant LCP1-expressing 32D cells exhibited normal oxidative burst upon stimulation. Confocal imaging and subcellular fractionation revealed diffuse intracellular localization of LCP1, but only the mutant form was found in the nucleus. We conclude that LCP1 is a new gene involved in granulopoiesis, and the missense variant LCP1 I232F leads to neutropenia and granulocytic dysplasia with aberrant actin dynamics. Our work supports a model of neutropenia due to aberrant actin regulation.
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Abstract
A considerable amount of continuous proliferation and differentiation is required to produce daily a billion new neutrophils in an adult human. Of the few cytokines and factors known to control neutrophil production, G-CSF is the guardian of granulopoiesis. G-CSF/CSF3R signaling involves the recruitment of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases and their dependent signaling pathways of serine/threonine kinases, tyrosine phosphatases, and lipid second messengers. These pathways converge to activate the families of STAT and C/EBP transcription factors. CSF3R mutations are associated with human disorders of neutrophil production, including severe congenital neutropenia, neutrophilia, and myeloid malignancies. More than three decades after their identification, cloning, and characterization of G-CSF and G-CSF receptor, fundamental questions remain about their physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh M Mehta
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pediatrics, Lerner Research Institute at the Cleveland Clinic, United States
| | - Seth J Corey
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pediatrics, Lerner Research Institute at the Cleveland Clinic, United States.
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15
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Rare disease + lots of sequencing = mechanism? Blood 2021; 137:1849-1850. [PMID: 33830191 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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