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Zhao LJ, Wang ZY, Liu WT, Yu LL, Qi HN, Ren J, Zhang CG. Aspirin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting platelet activity. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2742-2756. [PMID: 38994144 PMCID: PMC11236245 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant liver disease in the world. Platelets (PLTs) are known to play a key role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and the pathophysiological processes of a variety of liver diseases. Aspirin is the most classic antiplatelet agent. However, the molecular mechanism of platelet action and whether aspirin can affect HCC progression by inhibiting platelet activity need further study. AIM To explore the impact of the antiplatelet effect of aspirin on the development of HCC. METHODS Platelet-rich plasma, platelet plasma, pure platelet, and platelet lysate were prepared, and a coculture model of PLTs and HCC cells was established. CCK-8 analysis, apoptosis analysis, Transwell analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the effects of PLTs on the growth, metastasis, and inflammatory microenvironment of HCC. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of platelet activation on tumor-related signaling pathways. Aspirin was used to block the activation and aggregation of PLTs both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect of PLTs on the progression of HCC was detected. RESULTS PLTs significantly promoted the growth, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and formation of an inflammatory microenvironment in HCC cells. Activated PLTs promoted HCC progression by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B/signal transducer and activator of transcription three (MAPK/ AKT/STAT3) signaling axis. Additionally, aspirin inhibited HCC progression in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting platelet activation. CONCLUSION PLTs play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC, and aspirin can affect HCC progression by inhibiting platelet activity. These results suggest that antiplatelet therapy has promising application prospects in the treatment and combined treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhao
- Hematology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, Henan Province, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yin Wang
- Hematology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei-Ting Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Li Yu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao-Nan Qi
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
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Zhao LJ, Wang ZY, Liu WT, Yu LL, Qi HN, Ren J, Zhang CG. Aspirin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting platelet activity. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2730-2744. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant liver disease in the world. Platelets (PLTs) are known to play a key role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and the pathophysiological processes of a variety of liver diseases. Aspirin is the most classic antiplatelet agent. However, the molecular mechanism of platelet action and whether aspirin can affect HCC progression by inhibiting platelet activity need further study.
AIM To explore the impact of the antiplatelet effect of aspirin on the development of HCC.
METHODS Platelet-rich plasma, platelet plasma, pure platelet, and platelet lysate were prepared, and a coculture model of PLTs and HCC cells was established. CCK-8 analysis, apoptosis analysis, Transwell analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the effects of PLTs on the growth, metastasis, and inflammatory microenvironment of HCC. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of platelet activation on tumor-related signaling pathways. Aspirin was used to block the activation and aggregation of PLTs both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect of PLTs on the progression of HCC was detected.
RESULTS PLTs significantly promoted the growth, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and formation of an inflammatory microenvironment in HCC cells. Activated PLTs promoted HCC progression by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B/signal transducer and activator of transcription three (MAPK/ AKT/STAT3) signaling axis. Additionally, aspirin inhibited HCC progression in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting platelet activation.
CONCLUSION PLTs play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC, and aspirin can affect HCC progression by inhibiting platelet activity. These results suggest that antiplatelet therapy has promising application prospects in the treatment and combined treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhao
- Hematology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, Henan Province, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yin Wang
- Hematology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei-Ting Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Li Yu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao-Nan Qi
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
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Zhang X, Yu S, Li X, Wen X, Liu S, Zu R, Ren H, Li T, Yang C, Luo H. Research progress on the interaction between oxidative stress and platelets: Another avenue for cancer? Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106777. [PMID: 37080257 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a chemical imbalance between an oxidant and an antioxidant, causing damage to redox signaling and control or causing molecular damage. Unbalanced oxidative metabolism can produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). These excess ROS can cause drastic changes in platelet metabolism and further affect platelet function. It will also lead to an increase in platelet procoagulant phenotype and cell apoptosis, which will increase the risk of thrombosis. The creation of ROS and subsequent platelet activation, adhesion, and recruitment are then further encouraged in an auto-amplifying loop by ROS produced from platelets. Meanwhile, cancer cells produce a higher concentration of ROS due to their fast metabolism and high proliferation rate. However, excessive ROS can result in damage to and modification of cellular macromolecules. The formation of cancer and its progression is strongly associated with oxidative stress and the resulting oxidative damage. In addition, platelets are an important part of the tumor microenvironment, and there is a significant cross-communication between platelets and cancer cells. Cancer cells alter the activation status of platelets, their RNA spectrum, proteome, and other properties. The "cloaking" of cancer cells by platelets providing physical protection,avoiding destruction from shear stress and the attack of immune cells, promoting tumor cell invasion.We explored the vicious circle interaction between ROS, platelets, and cancer in this review, and we believe that ROS can play a stimulative role in tumor growth and metastasis through platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041 China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China
| | - Sisi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong 723099, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China
| | - Shan Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China
| | - Ruiling Zu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hanxiao Ren
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Chaoguo Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China.
| | - Huaichao Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041 China.
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Wang X, Gao T, Zhu J, Long S, Zhao S, Yuan L, Wang Z. Fabrication of Channeled and Three-Dimensional Electrodes for the Integrated Capture and Detection of Invasive Circulating Tumor Cells during Hematogenous Metastasis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2496-2503. [PMID: 36639744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematogenous metastasis is the main route of cancer spreading, causing majority death of cancer patients. During this process, platelets in the blood are found increasingly essential to promote hematogenous metastasis by forming platelet-interacted circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Hence, we aim to fabricate an integrated method for the availability of capture and detection of such invasive CTCs. Specifically, a new form of channeled and conductive three-dimensional (3D) electrode is constructed by modifying a conductive layer and capture antibody on the templated and channeled poly(dimethylsiloxane) scaffold. The modified antibody enables the capture of the platelet-interacted CTC hybrid, while the conductive layer significantly facilitates electron transfer from electro-active signal molecules that are targeting platelets. Therefore, sensitive electrochemical detection of platelet-interacted CTCs has been realized. Efficient capture and sensitive detection have been demonstrated by this work. Additionally, dynamic analysis of patients' CTCs has also been conducted to provide accurate information about disease assessment and efficacy evaluation. The cut-off line was set as 5.15 nA based on the sample signals from healthy volunteers. Thus, stage III cancer patients with high risk of hematogenous metastasis have been identified. Together, this work shows the development of a new strategy for simultaneous capture and detection of the invasive CTC subtype form patient blood, which favors precise monitoring of hematogenous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shipeng Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Songyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, P. R. China
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Meng Z, Qin L. Effects of the interactions between platelets with other cells in tumor growth and progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165989. [PMID: 37153586 PMCID: PMC10158495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been confirmed that platelets play a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor-activated platelets can recruit blood cells and immune cells to migrate, establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment at the sites of primary and metastatic tumors. On the other hand, they can also promote the differentiation of mesenchymal cells, which can accelerate the proliferation, genesis and migration of blood vessels. The role of platelets in tumors has been well studied. However, a growing number of studies suggest that interactions between platelets and immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and red blood cells) also play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. In this review, we summarize the major cells that are closely associated with platelets and discuss the essential role of the interaction between platelets with these cells in tumorigenesis and tumor development.
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徐 娟, 张 立, 董 伟, 陈 曦, 周 涵, 殷 敏. [Development and validation of nomogram for predicting prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2022; 36:902-909. [PMID: 36543396 PMCID: PMC10128279 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the relationship between preoperative blood indexes, clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC), and to establish a nomogram for predicting survival and recurrence time of LSCC patients. Methods:The clinical data of 530 patients with LSCC who received primary surgical treatment were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomly divided into training group and testing group according to the ratio of 7∶3. The nomograms of overall survival(OS) and recurrence-free survival(RFS) were constructed based on Cox regression model, and the nomograms were verified and compared with TNM stage. Results:The results of multivariate analysis showed that age, operation mode, tumor diameter, TNM stage, cervical lymph node metastasis, fibrinogen level and systemic immune inflammation index were significantly correlated with OS, while operation mode, tumor diameter, TNM stage, cervical lymph node metastasis, international normalized ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio were significantly correlated with RFS. The nomograms were constructed based on the above factors. The C-indexes of the nomograms of OS and RFS in the training group were 0.755 and 0.687, respectively, which were higher than those of TNM stage(0.657 and 0.582). In the testing group, the C-indexes of OS and RFS nomograms were 0.717 and 0.646, respectively, which were higher than those of TNM stage(0.599 and 0.528). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of these nomograms were also higher than TNM stage. The calibration curves showed that the models had good consistency. Decision curve analysis(DCA) showed that these nomograms had higher clinical benefit than TNM stage. Conclusion:Based on the independent prognostic factors, the predictive nomograms of OS and RFS at 1, 3 and 5 years after LSCC were constructed, which have certain clinical significance in guiding the individualized diagnosis and treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- 娟 徐
- 南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(南京, 210029)Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - 立庆 张
- 南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(南京, 210029)Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - 伟达 董
- 南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(南京, 210029)Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - 曦 陈
- 南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(南京, 210029)Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - 涵 周
- 南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(南京, 210029)Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - 敏 殷
- 南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(南京, 210029)Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Wang X, Zhao S, Wang Z, Gao T. Platelets involved tumor cell EMT during circulation: communications and interventions. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:82. [PMID: 35659308 PMCID: PMC9166407 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDistant spreading of metastatic tumor cells is still the leading cause of tumor death. Metastatic spreading is a complex process, in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the primary and key event to promote it. Presently, extensive reviews have given insights on the occurrence of EMT at the primary tumor site that depends on invasive properties of tumor cells and the tumor-associated microenvironment. However, essential roles of circulation environment involved in tumor cell EMT is not well summarized. As a main constituent of the blood, platelet is increasingly found to work as an important activator to induce EMT. Therefore, this review aims to emphasize the novel role of platelet in EMT through signal communications between platelets and circulation tumor cells, and illustrate potent interventions aiming at their communications. It may give a complementary view of EMT in addition to the tissue microenvironment, help for better understand the hematogenous metastasis, and also illustrate theoretical and practical basis for the targeted inhibition.
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Wang Z, Qi F, Luo H, Xu G, Wang D. Inflammatory Microenvironment of Skin Wounds. Front Immunol 2022; 13:789274. [PMID: 35300324 PMCID: PMC8920979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.789274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and highly regulated process that can be separated into three overlapping and interdependent phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. This review focuses on the inflammation stage, as it is the key stage of wound healing and plays a vital role in the local immune response and determines the progression of wound healing. Inflammatory cells, the main effector cells of the inflammatory response, have been widely studied, but little attention has been paid to the immunomodulatory effects of wound healing in non-inflammatory cells and the extracellular matrix. In this review, we attempt to deepen our understanding of the wound-healing microenvironment in the inflammatory stage by focusing on the interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, as well as their role in regulating the immune response during the inflammatory stage. We hope our findings will provide new ideas for promoting tissue regeneration through immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Krishnan A, Thomas S. Toward platelet transcriptomics in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:316-322. [PMID: 34811507 PMCID: PMC8810955 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread adoption of next-generation techniques such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has enabled research examining the transcriptome of anucleate blood platelets in health and disease, thus revealing a rich platelet transcriptomic signature that is reprogrammed in response to disease. Platelet signatures not only capture information from parent megakaryocytes and progenitor hematopoietic stem cells but also the bone marrow microenvironment, and underlying disease states. In cancer, the substantive body of research in patients with solid tumours has identified distinct signatures in 'tumour-educated platelets', reflecting influences of the tumour, stroma and vasculature on splicing, sequestration of tumour-derived RNAs, and potentially cytokine and microvesicle influences on megakaryocytes. More recently, platelet RNA expression has emerged as a highly sensitive approach to profiling chronic progressive haematologic malignancies, where the combination of large data cohorts and machine-learning algorithms enables precise feature selection and potential prognostication. Despite these advances, however, our ability to translate platelet transcriptomics toward clinical diagnostic and prognostic efforts remains limited. In this Perspective, we present a few actionable steps for our basic, translational and clinical research communities in advancing the utility of the platelet transcriptome as a highly sensitive biomarker in cancer and collectively enable efforts toward clinical translation and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sally Thomas
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Martins Castanheira N, Spanhofer AK, Wiener S, Bobe S, Schillers H. Uptake of platelets by cancer cells and recycling of the platelet protein CD42a. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:170-181. [PMID: 34592045 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well accepted that the bidirectional crosstalk between platelets and cancer cells promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis. In an early step, cancer cells trigger platelet granule and extracellular vesicle release that is needed to facilitate cancer cell survival in circulation. OBJECTIVES To discover the early crosstalk of cancer cells and platelets. METHODS Cancer cells were incubated with freshly isolated and stained human platelets. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry was used to visualize and to quantify platelet uptake and the membrane presence of CD42 on cancer cells. Dyngo4a was used to test if platelet uptake is a dynamin-dependent process. RESULTS We found a dynamin-dependent uptake of platelets by cancer cells. This is followed by the recycling of the platelet-specific protein CD42a and its incorporation into cancer cells' plasma membrane, which is not a result of platelet RNA transfer by platelet-derived microparticles and exosomes. Time course of platelet uptake follows a sigmoid function revealing that 50% of the cancer cells are positive for platelets after approximately 38 min. Platelet uptake was observed for the tested cancerous cells (A549, MCF-7, and MV3) but not for the non-cancerous cell line 16HBE14o-. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that cancer cells hijack platelets by phagocytosis and recycling of platelet membrane proteins. The uptake of platelets has additional advantages for cancer cells: access to the entire and undiluted platelet proteome, transcriptome, and secretome. These novel findings will allow further mechanistic elucidation and thus help us gain deeper insights into platelet-assisted hematogenous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna K Spanhofer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiener
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bobe
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hermann Schillers
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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