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Novel Insights into the Role of Kras in Myeloid Differentiation: Engaging with Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020322. [PMID: 36672256 PMCID: PMC9857056 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell line can be differentiated into neutrophil-like cells by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The molecular mechanisms involved in this differentiation process, however, remain unclear. This review focuses on the differentiation of HL-60 cells. Although the Ras proteins, a group of small GTP-binding proteins, are ubiquitously expressed and highly homologous, each has specific molecular functions. Kras was shown to be essential for normal mouse development, whereas Hras and Nras are not. Kras knockout mice develop profound hematopoietic defects, indicating that Kras is required for hematopoiesis in adults. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the homeostasis of hematopoietic cells. The protein β-catenin is a key player in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A great deal of evidence shows that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is deregulated in malignant tumors, including hematological malignancies. Wild-type Kras acts as a tumor suppressor during DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Upon DMSO treatment, Kras translocates to the plasma membrane, and its activity is enhanced. Inhibition of Kras attenuates CD11b expression. DMSO also elevates levels of GSK3β phosphorylation, resulting in the release of unphosphorylated β-catenin from the β-catenin destruction complex and its accumulation in the cytoplasm. The accumulated β-catenin subsequently translocates into the nucleus. Inhibition of Kras attenuates Lef/Tcf-sensitive transcription activity. Thus, upon treatment of HL-60 cells with DMSO, wild-type Kras reacts with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby regulating the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Wild-type Kras and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are activated sequentially, increasing the levels of expression of C/EBPα, C/EBPε, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor.
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2
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Zaupa A, Terraza C, Abarzúa-Illanes PN, Byres N, Zavala G, Cuenca J, Hidalgo C, Viafara-Garcia SM, Wolf B, Pino-Lagos K, Blaker JJ, Rumbak M, Khoury M, Enrione J, Acevedo JP. A Psychrophilic GelMA: Breaking Technical and Immunological Barriers for Multimaterial High-Resolution 3D Bioprinting. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:150-165. [PMID: 36542545 PMCID: PMC9833123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for tissue replacement has encouraged scientists worldwide to focus on developing new biofabrication technologies. Multimaterials/cells printed with stringent resolutions are necessary to address the high complexity of tissues. Advanced inkjet 3D printing can use multimaterials and attain high resolution and complexity of printed structures. However, a decisive yet limiting aspect of translational 3D bioprinting is selecting the befitting material to be used as bioink; there is a complete lack of cytoactive bioinks with adequate rheological, mechanical, and reactive properties. This work strives to achieve the right balance between resolution and cell support through methacrylamide functionalization of a psychrophilic gelatin and new fluorosurfactants used to engineer a photo-cross-linkable and immunoevasive bioink. The syntonized parameters following optimal formulation conditions allow proficient printability in a PolyJet 3D printer comparable in resolution to a commercial synthetic ink (∼150 μm). The bioink formulation achieved the desired viability (∼80%) and proliferation of co-printed cells while demonstrating in vivo immune tolerance of printed structures. The practical usage of existing high-resolution 3D printing systems using a novel bioink is shown here, allowing 3D bioprinted structures with potentially unprecedented complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zaupa
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Claudia Terraza
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Cells
for Cells, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Phammela N. Abarzúa-Illanes
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Nicholas Byres
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Cells
for Cells, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Gabriela Zavala
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Consorcio
Regenero, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- IMPACT,
Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular
Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Cells
for Cells, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Consorcio
Regenero, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- IMPACT,
Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular
Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Carmen Hidalgo
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- IMPACT,
Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular
Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Sergio M. Viafara-Garcia
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- IMPACT,
Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular
Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Bettina Wolf
- School
of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de
Investigación Biomédica e Innovación, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Jonny J. Blaker
- Bio-Active
Materials Group, Department of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials, MSS Tower, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mayan Rumbak
- Stratasys
Ltd., 1 Holtzman Street, Tamar Science Park, Rehovot 7612401, Israel
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Cells
for Cells, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Consorcio
Regenero, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- IMPACT,
Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular
Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Javier Enrione
- Biopolymer
Research and Engineering Lab (BiopREL), School of Nutrition and Dietetics,
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los
Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Acevedo
- Laboratory
of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica
e Innovación, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Cells
for Cells, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- IMPACT,
Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular
Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile
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Kashfi K. Fifty Years of Diazeniumdiolate Research: A Tribute to Dr. Larry K. Keefer. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:47-55. [PMID: 37824386 PMCID: PMC11076142 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023048491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering studies of Dr. Larry Keefer and colleagues with diazeniumdiolates or NONOates as a platform have unraveled the chemical biology of many nitric oxides and have led to the design of a variety of promising therapeutic agents in oncology, gastroenterology, antimicrobials, wound healing, and the like. This dedication to Dr. Larry Keefer briefly highlights some of his studies using the diazeniumdiolate platform in the cancer arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Shahid AM, Um IH, Elshani M, Zhang Y, Harrison DJ. NUC-7738 regulates β-catenin signalling resulting in reduced proliferation and self-renewal of AML cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278209. [PMID: 36520954 PMCID: PMC9754587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells are required for the initiation and maintenance of the disease. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for the survival and development of AML leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) and therefore, targeting β-catenin is a potential therapeutic strategy. NUC-7738, a phosphoramidate transformation of 3'-deoxyadenosine (3'-dA) monophosphate, is specifically designed to generate the active anti-cancer metabolite 3'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (3'-dATP) intracellularly, bypassing key limitations of breakdown, transport, and activation. NUC-7738 is currently in a Phase I/II clinical study for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors. Protein expression and immunophenotypic profiling revealed that NUC-7738 caused apoptosis in AML cell lines through reducing PI3K-p110α, phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser9) resulting in reduced β-catenin, c-Myc and CD44 expression. NUC-7738 reduced β-catenin nuclear expression in AML cells. NUC-7738 also decreased the percentage of CD34+ CD38- CD123+ (LSC-like cells) from 81% to 47% and reduced the total number and size of leukemic colonies. These results indicate that therapeutic targeting of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β axis can inhibit β-catenin signalling, resulting in reduced clonogenicity and eventual apoptosis of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - In Hwa Um
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Elshani
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom,NuCana plc, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - David James Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom,NuCana plc, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Hareendran S, Yang X, Sharma VK, Loh YP. Carboxypeptidase E and its splice variants: Key regulators of growth and metastasis in multiple cancer types. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215882. [PMID: 35988818 PMCID: PMC9532369 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms driving tumor growth and metastasis are complex, and involve the recruitment of many genes working in concert with each other. The tumor is characterized by the expression of specific sets of genes depending on its environment. Here we review the role of the carboxypeptidase E (CPE) gene which has been shown to be important in driving growth, survival and metastasis in many cancer types. CPE was first discovered as a prohormone processing enzyme, enriched in endocrine tumors, and later found to be expressed and secreted from many epithelial-derived tumors and cancer cell lines. Numerous studies have shown that besides wild-type CPE, a N-terminal truncated splice variant form of CPE (CPE-ΔN) has been cloned and found to be highly expressed in malignant tumors and cell lines derived from prostate, breast, liver and lung cancers and gliomas. The mechanisms of action of CPE and the splice variant in promoting tumor growth and metastasis in different cancer types are discussed. Mechanistically, secreted CPE activates the Erk/wnt pathways, while CPE-ΔN interacts with HDACs in a protein complex in the nucleus, to recruit various cell cycle genes and metastatic genes, respectively. Clinical studies suggest that CPE and CPE-ΔN mRNA and protein are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for multiple cancer types, assayed using solid tumors and secreted serum exosomes. CPE has been shown to be a therapeutic target for multiple cancer types. CPE/CPE-ΔN siRNA transported via exosomes and taken up by recipient high metastatic cancer cells, suppressed growth and proliferation of these cells. Thus future studies, delivering CPE/CPE-ΔN siRNA, perhaps via exosomes, to the tumor could be a novel treatment approach to suppress tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Hareendran
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, 20892, USA
| | - Xuyu Yang
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, 20892, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Sharma
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, 20892, USA
| | - Y Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, 20892, USA.
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6
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Yu T, Zhang L, Dou X, Bai R, Wang H, Deng J, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Li Q, Wang X, Han B. Mechanically Robust Hydrogels Facilitating Bone Regeneration through Epigenetic Modulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203734. [PMID: 36161289 PMCID: PMC9661832 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Development of artificial biomaterials by mimicking extracellular matrix of bone tissue is a promising strategy for bone regeneration. Hydrogel has emerged as a type of viable substitute, but its inhomogeneous networks and weak mechanics greatly impede clinical applications. Here, a dual crosslinked gelling system is developed with tunable architectures and mechanics to promote osteogenic capacity. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is designated as a rigid core surrounded by six disulfide-linked PEG shells and two 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) groups. Thiol-disulfide exchange is employed to fabricate chemical network because of the pH-responsive "on/off" function. While self-complementary UPy motif is capable of optimizing local microstructure to enhance mechanical properties. Taking the merits of biocompatibility and high-mechanics in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) proliferation, attachment, and osteogenesis, hybrid hydrogel exhibits outstanding osteogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, it is the first time that a key epigenetic regulator of ten-eleven translocation 2 (Tet2) is discovered to significantly elevate the continuously active the WNT/β-catenin through Tet2/HDAC1/E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling cascade, thereby promoting PDLSCs osteogenesis. This work represents a general strategy to design the hydrogels with customized networks and biomimetic mechanics, and illustrates underlying osteogenic mechanisms that will extend the design rationales for high-functional biomaterials in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Xueyu Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Rushui Bai
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Hufei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
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7
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Han H, Zhu B, Xie J, Huang Y, Geng Y, Chen K, Wang W. Expression level and prognostic potential of beta-catenin-interacting protein in acute myeloid leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30022. [PMID: 35984200 PMCID: PMC9387945 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of beta-catenin and TCF (ICAT) is a key protein in the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. However, its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated its expression level as well as its prognostic value in AML patients. A total of 72 patients with AML and 30 control subjects were enrolled in this study during the period of January 2017 and December 2019 at Zhongshan Hospital of SunYat-sen University. ICAT and β-catenin expression levels in peripheral blood were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. ICAT levels in AML patients were significantly lower and β-catenin levels were higher than those of the control group. After the first course of standard chemotherapy, the concentration of ICAT in the partial remission group (93.79 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in the initial diagnosis group (49.38 ng/mL) and the no response group (39.94 ng/mL). AML subtypes had lower ICAT expression levels than controls, and ICAT levels were significantly correlated with body mass index, bone marrow/peripheral blood blast cell proportions, and white blood cell and red blood cell counts at initial diagnosis. Furthermore, low ICAT expression was found to be associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival in AML. ICAT is closely associated with AML progression and can be used as an indicator to monitor AML treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of SunYat-sen University, Zhongshan, GuangdongChina
| | - Baofang Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of SunYat-sen University, Zhongshan, GuangdongChina
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of SunYat-sen University, Zhongshan, GuangdongChina
| | - Yunxiu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of SunYat-sen University, Zhongshan, GuangdongChina
| | - Yiyun Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of SunYat-sen University, Zhongshan, GuangdongChina
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of SunYat-sen University, Zhongshan, GuangdongChina
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of SunYat-sen University, Zhongshan, GuangdongChina
- *Correspondence: Weijia Wang, Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 2 East of Sun Wen Road, Shi Qi District, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China (e-mail: )
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8
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Machingauta A, Stevens MY, Fru CG, Sithole S, Yeboah S, Mukanganyama S. Evaluation of the antiproliferative effect of β-sitosterol isolated from Combretum platypetalum Welw. ex M.A. Lawson (Combretaceae) on Jurkat-T cells and protection by glutathione. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Targeting β-catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia: past, present, and future perspectives. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231097. [PMID: 35352805 PMCID: PMC9069440 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive disease of the bone marrow with a poor prognosis. Evidence suggests long established chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat AML are reaching the limits of their efficacy, necessitating the urgent development of novel targeted therapies. Canonical Wnt signalling is an evolutionary conserved cascade heavily implicated in normal developmental and disease processes in humans. For over 15 years its been known that the central mediator of this pathway, β-catenin, is dysregulated in AML promoting the emergence, maintenance, and drug resistance of leukaemia stem cells. Yet, despite this knowledge, and subsequent studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt activity in haematological cancers, β-catenin inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic. The aim of this review is to summarise the current understanding regarding the role and mechanistic dysregulation of β-catenin in AML, and assess the therapeutic merit of pharmacologically targeting this molecule, drawing on lessons from other disease contexts.
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10
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Islam MS, Junod SL, Zhang S, Buuh ZY, Guan Y, Zhao M, Kaneria KH, Kafley P, Cohen C, Maloney R, Lyu Z, Voelz VA, Yang W, Wang RE. Unprotected peptide macrocyclization and stapling via a fluorine-thiol displacement reaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:350. [PMID: 35039490 PMCID: PMC8763920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a facile peptide macrocyclization and stapling strategy based on a fluorine thiol displacement reaction (FTDR), which renders a class of peptide analogues with enhanced stability, affinity, cellular uptake, and inhibition of cancer cells. This approach enabled selective modification of the orthogonal fluoroacetamide side chains in unprotected peptides in the presence of intrinsic cysteines. The identified benzenedimethanethiol linker greatly promoted the alpha helicity of a variety of peptide substrates, as corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations. The cellular uptake of benzenedimethanethiol stapled peptides appeared to be universally enhanced compared to the classic ring-closing metathesis (RCM) stapled peptides. Pilot mechanism studies suggested that the uptake of FTDR-stapled peptides may involve multiple endocytosis pathways in a distinct pattern in comparison to peptides stapled by RCM. Consistent with the improved cell permeability, the FTDR-stapled lead Axin and p53 peptide analogues demonstrated enhanced inhibition of cancer cells over the RCM-stapled analogues and the unstapled peptides. Strategies capable of stapling unprotected peptides in a straightforward, chemoselective, and clean manner, as well as promoting cellular uptake are of great interest. Here the authors report a peptide macrocyclization and stapling strategy which satisfies those criteria, based on a fluorine thiol displacement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Samuel L Junod
- Department of Biology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Zakey Yusuf Buuh
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Mi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Kishan H Kaneria
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Parmila Kafley
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Carson Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Robert Maloney
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Zhigang Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Vincent A Voelz
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Rongsheng E Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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11
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Zivarpour P, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Sadoughi F, Sharifi M. Chitosan as possible inhibitory agents and delivery systems in leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:544. [PMID: 34663339 PMCID: PMC8524827 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a lethal cancer in which white blood cells undergo proliferation and immature white blood cells are seen in the bloodstream. Without diagnosis and management in early stages, this type of cancer can be fatal. Changes in protooncogenic genes and microRNA genes are the most important factors involved in development of leukemia. At present, leukemia risk factors are not accurately identified, but some studies have pointed out factors that predispose to leukemia. Studies show that in the absence of genetic risk factors, leukemia can be prevented by reducing the exposure to risk factors of leukemia, including smoking, exposure to benzene compounds and high-dose radioactive or ionizing radiation. One of the most important treatments for leukemia is chemotherapy which has devastating side effects. Chemotherapy and medications used during treatment do not have a specific effect and destroy healthy cells besides leukemia cells. Despite the suppressing effect of chemotherapy against leukemia, patients undergoing chemotherapy have poor quality of life. So today, researchers are focusing on finding more safe and effective natural compounds and treatments for cancer, especially leukemia. Chitosan is a valuable natural compound that is biocompatible and non-toxic to healthy cells. Anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant effects are examples of chitosan biopolymer properties. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of this compound in medical treatments and the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, we take a look at the latest advances in the use of chitosan in the treatment and improvement of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Zivarpour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Zhang L, Wu J, Feng Y, Khadka B, Fang Z, Gu J, Tang B, Xiao R, Pan G, Liu JJ. A Regulatory Loop Involving Notch and Wnt Signaling Maintains Leukemia Stem Cells in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678544. [PMID: 34179007 PMCID: PMC8226090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia-initiating cells play critical role in relapse, resistance to therapies and metastases but the mechanism remains largely elusive. We report that β-catenin is over-expressed in almost all T-ALL patients and flow sorted β-cateninhigh fractions are highly resistant to therapy, leading to liver metastases in nude mice as well as dysregulated lncRNAs. Pharmacological inhibition through XAV-939 as well as si-RNA mediated inhibition of β-catenin is initially effective in re-sensitization to therapy, however, prolonged inhibition shifts dependency from β-catenin to Notch signaling, with particularly high levels of receptors Notch 1 and Notch 2. The results are verifiable in a cohort of T-ALL patients comprising of responders vs. those who have progressed, with β-catenin, Notch 1 and Notch 2 elevated in progressed patients. Further, in patients-derived cells, silencing of Notch 1 or Notch 2 does not counter resistance to β-catenin inhibition, rather pharmacological pan-Notch inhibition is needed to overcome resistance and its effect on in vitro tumor sphere formations as well as in vivo liver metastases. Thus, wnt and Notch signaling are part of a regulatory loop mutually compensating for each other in T-ALL, while ensuring the maintenance of stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yashu Feng
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Gu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqiang Tang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Cardona-Echeverry A, Prada-Arismendy J. Deciphering the role of Wnt signaling in acute myeloid leukemia prognosis: how alterations in DNA methylation come into play in patients' prognosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:3097-3109. [PMID: 32980885 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal disorder affecting myeloid differentiation through mechanisms that include epigenetic dysregulation. Abnormal changes in DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of pathways involved in hematopoietic development, such as Wnt/β-catenin, contribute to the transformation, development, and maintenance of leukemic cells. This review summarizes the alterations of Wnt signaling-related genes at the epigenetic and transcriptional level and their implications for AML prognosis. Among the implications of epigenetic alterations in AML, methylation of Wnt antagonists is related to poor prognosis, whereas their upregulation has been associated with a better clinical outcome. Furthermore, Wnt target genes c-Myc and LEF-1 present distinct implications. LEF-1 expression positively influences the patient overall survival. c-Myc upregulation has been associated with treatment resistance in AML, although c-Myc expression is not exclusively dependent of Wnt signaling. Understanding the signaling abnormalities could help us to further understand leukemogenesis, improve the current risk stratification for AML patients, and even serve to propose novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cardona-Echeverry
- Grupo de Investigación e innovación Biomédica-GI2B, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano-ITM, 050034, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jeanette Prada-Arismendy
- Grupo de Investigación e innovación Biomédica-GI2B, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano-ITM, 050034, Medellín, Colombia.
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14
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Mastelaro de Rezende M, Zenker Justo G, Julian Paredes-Gamero E, Gosens R. Wnt-5A/B Signaling in Hematopoiesis throughout Life. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081801. [PMID: 32751131 PMCID: PMC7465103 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is well-known to play major roles in the hematopoietic system, from embryogenesis to aging and disease. In addition to the main β-catenin-dependent pathway, it is now clear that Wnt5a and the structurally related Wnt5b are essential for hematopoiesis, bone marrow colonization and the final steps of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maturation via β-catenin-independent signaling. Wnt5a and Wnt5b ligands prevent hematopoietic exhaustion (by maintaining quiescent, long-term HSCs), induce the proliferation of progenitors, and guide myeloid development, in addition to being involved in the development of aging-related alterations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on these roles of Wnt5a and Wn5b signaling in the hematopoietic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mastelaro de Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50363-8177
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15
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Bigas A, Guillén Y, Schoch L, Arambilet D. Revisiting β-Catenin Signaling in T-Cell Development and T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Bioessays 2019; 42:e1900099. [PMID: 31854474 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Catenin/CTNNB1 is critical for leukemia initiation or the stem cell capacity of several hematological malignancies. This review focuses on a general evaluation of β-catenin function in normal T-cell development and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The integration of the existing literature offers a state-of-the-art dissection of the complexity of β-catenin function in leukemia initiation and maintenance in both Notch-dependent and independent contexts. In addition, β-catenin mutations are screened for in T-ALL primary samples, and it is found that they are rare and with little clinical relevance. Transcriptional analysis of Wnt family members (Ctnnb1, Axin2, Tcf7, and Lef1) and Myc in different publicly available T-ALL cohorts indicates that the expression of these genes may correlate with T-ALL subtypes and/or therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bigas
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonie Schoch
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Arambilet
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Yokoyama N, Kim YJ, Hirabayashi Y, Tabe Y, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Iwabuchi K. Kras promotes myeloid differentiation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:435-449. [PMID: 32123842 PMCID: PMC6996383 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type Kras, a small GTPase, inactivates Ras growth-promoting signaling. However, the role of Kras in differentiation of myeloid cells remains unclear. This study showed the involvement of Kras in a novel regulatory mechanism underlying the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced differentiation of human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Kras was found to positively regulate DMSO-induced differentiation, with the activity of Kras increasing upon DMSO. Inhibition of Kras attenuated CD11b expression in differentiated HL-60 cells. GSK3β, an important component of Wnt signaling, was found to be a downstream signal of Kras. Phosphorylation of GSK3β was markedly enhanced by DMSO treatment. Moreover, inhibition of GSK3β enhanced CD11b expression and triggered the accumulation in the nucleus of β-catenin and Tcf in response to DMSO. Inhibitors of β-catenin-mediated pathways blocked CD11b expression, further indicating that β-catenin is involved in the differentiation of HL-60 cells. Elevated expression of C/EBPα and C/EBPɛ accompanied by the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor was observed during differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that Kras engages in cross talk with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway upon DMSO treatment of HL-60 cells, thereby regulating the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. These results indicate that Kras acts as a tumor suppressor during the differentiation of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Urayasu Chiba Japan
| | - Yeon-Jeong Kim
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms Riken Brain Science Institutes Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Urayasu Chiba Japan
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory RIKEN Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Juntendo University School of Medicine Hospital Hongo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Urayasu Chiba Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Urayasu Chiba Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Urayasu Chiba Japan
- Infection Control Nursing Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing Urayasu Chiba Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing Urayasu Chiba Japan
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17
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Heath JL, Cohn GM, Zaidi SK, Stein GS. The role of cell adhesion in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19189-19198. [PMID: 30980400 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cells of the bone marrow microenvironment are emerging as important contributors and regulators of normal hematopoiesis. This microenvironment is perturbed during leukemogenesis, and evidence points toward a bidirectional communication between leukemia cells and the normal cells of the bone marrow, mediated by direct cell-cell contact as well as soluble factors. These interactions are increasingly appreciated to play a role in leukemogenesis and possibly in resistance to chemotherapy. In fact, several compounds that specifically target the bone marrow microenvironment, including inhibitors of cell adhesion, are being tested as adjuncts to leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Heath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gabriel M Cohn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
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18
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Chong PSY, Zhou J, Chooi JY, Chan ZL, Toh SHM, Tan TZ, Wee S, Gunaratne J, Zeng Q, Chng WJ. Non-canonical activation of β-catenin by PRL-3 phosphatase in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2018; 38:1508-1519. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Sarangapani S, Patil A, Ngeow YK, Elsa Mohan R, Asundi A, Lang MJ. Chitosan nanoparticles’ functionality as redox active drugs through cytotoxicity, radical scavenging and cellular behaviour. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:313-324. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00038g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study is to explore the mechanism of the ROS mediated effect of chitosan nanoparticles on acute T cell leukemia as redox active drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelatha Sarangapani
- Biosystems & Micromechanics (Biosym) IRG
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART)
- Singapore
| | - Ajeetkumar Patil
- Biosystems & Micromechanics (Biosym) IRG
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART)
- Singapore
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
| | - Yoke Keng Ngeow
- Department of Biological Science
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Rosmin Elsa Mohan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Anand Asundi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Matthew J. Lang
- Biosystems & Micromechanics (Biosym) IRG
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART)
- Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
- Vanderbilt University
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20
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Zhou ZL, Ma J, Tong MH, Chan BP, Wong AST, Ngan AHW. Nanomechanical measurement of adhesion and migration of leukemia cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6533-6545. [PMID: 27994457 PMCID: PMC5153271 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s118065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion and traction behavior of leukemia cells in their microenvironment is directly linked to their migration, which is a prime issue affecting the release of cancer cells from the bone marrow and hence metastasis. In assessing the effectiveness of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment, the conventional batch-cell transwell-migration assay may not indicate the intrinsic effect of the treatment on migration, since the treatment may also affect other cellular behavior, such as proliferation or death. In this study, the pN-level adhesion and traction forces between single leukemia cells and their microenvironment were directly measured using optical tweezers and traction-force microscopy. The effects of PMA on K562 and THP1 leukemia cells were studied, and the results showed that PMA treatment significantly increased cell adhesion with extracellular matrix proteins, bone marrow stromal cells, and human fibroblasts. PMA treatment also significantly increased the traction of THP1 cells on bovine serum albumin proteins, although the effect on K562 cells was insignificant. Western blots showed an increased expression of E-cadherin and vimentin proteins after the leukemia cells were treated with PMA. The study suggests that PMA upregulates adhesion and thus suppresses the migration of both K562 and THP1 cells in their microenvironment. The ability of optical tweezers and traction-force microscopy to measure directly pN-level cell–protein or cell–cell contact was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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21
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Sheng Y, Ju W, Huang Y, Li J, Ozer H, Qiao X, Qian Z. Activation of wnt/β-catenin signaling blocks monocyte-macrophage differentiation through antagonizing PU.1-targeted gene transcription. Leukemia 2016; 30:2106-2109. [PMID: 27211263 PMCID: PMC5053841 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sheng
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Ju
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, China.,Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Li
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - H Ozer
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - X Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Qian
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Role of Signal Regulatory Protein α in Arsenic Trioxide-induced Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23710. [PMID: 27010069 PMCID: PMC4806322 DOI: 10.1038/srep23710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) has been shown to operate as a negative regulator in cancer cell survival. The mechanism underneath such function, however, remains poorly defined. In the present study, we demonstrate that overexpression of SIRPα in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells results in apoptosis possibly via inhibiting the β-catenin signaling pathway and upregulating Foxo3a. Pharmacological activation of β-catenin signal pathway attenuates apoptosis caused by SIRPα. Interestingly, we also find that the pro-apoptotic effect of SIRPα plays an important role in arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced apoptosis in APL cells. ATO treatment induces the SIRPα protein expression in APL cells and abrogation of SIRPα induction by lentivirus-mediated SIRPα shRNA significantly reduces the ATO-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic study further shows that induction of SIRPα protein in APL cells by ATO is mediated through suppression of c-Myc, resulting in reduction of three SIRPα-targeting microRNAs: miR-17, miR-20a and miR-106a. In summary, our results demonstrate that SIRPα inhibits tumor cell survival and significantly contributes to ATO-induced APL cell apoptosis.
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23
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Roos J, Grösch S, Werz O, Schröder P, Ziegler S, Fulda S, Paulus P, Urbschat A, Kühn B, Maucher I, Fettel J, Vorup-Jensen T, Piesche M, Matrone C, Steinhilber D, Parnham MJ, Maier TJ. Regulation of tumorigenic Wnt signaling by cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase and their pharmacological inhibitors: A basis for novel drugs targeting cancer cells? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:43-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Antiproliferative Activity of T. welwitschii Extract on Jurkat T Cells In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:817624. [PMID: 26557698 PMCID: PMC4628718 DOI: 10.1155/2015/817624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triumfetta welwitschii is a plant used traditionally for the treatment of fever and diarrhoea. Previous work has shown that T. welwitschii has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate T. welwitschii extract for anticancer activity against Jurkat T cells. The Jurkat T cell line is used to study acute T cell leukaemia. An antiproliferation assay, determination of induction of apoptosis, the determination of the effect of the combination of the extract and GSH, and effects of the extract on DNA leakage were conducted. T. welwitschii was found to decrease cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. T. welwitschii caused apoptosis in the Jurkat T cells as shown by DNA fragmentation. When T. welwitschii was combined with reduced GSH, it was found that the growth of the Jurkat T cells was significantly reduced compared to untreated cells after 72 h of treatment. This was unexpected, as cancer cells have elevated levels of GSH compared to normal cells. The results of this study show that T. welwitschii is a potential source of compounds that may serve as leads for anticancer compounds.
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25
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Wu CF, Efferth T. Miltirone Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in CCRF-CEM Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1339-1347. [PMID: 26035463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Miltirone (1) is a diterpene quinone extracted from a well-known Chinese traditional herb (Salvia miltiorrhiza). We investigated the cytotoxic effects of miltirone toward sensitive and multidrug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Miltirone inhibited multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 cells better than drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM wild-type cells, a phenomenon termed collateral sensitivity. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that miltirone induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, miltirone stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption, which in turn induced DNA damage and activation of caspases and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Downregulation of CCNB1 (cyclin B1) and CDC2 mRNA and upregulation of CDKN1A (p21) mRNA were in accord with miltirone-induced G2/M arrest. Moreover, miltirone decreased cell adherence to fibronectin. Molecular docking revealed that miltirone bound to the ATP-binding site of IKK-β. In conclusion, miltirone was collateral sensitive in multidrug-resistant P-gp-overexpressing cells, induced G2/M arrest, and triggered apoptosis via ROS-generated breakdown of MMP and DNA damage. Therefore, miltirone may be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
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Ashihara E, Takada T, Maekawa T. Targeting the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hematological malignancies. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:665-671. [PMID: 25788321 PMCID: PMC4471797 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in different developmental processes through the regulation of stem cell functions. In the activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, β-catenin protein is imported into the nucleus and activates transcription of target genes including cyclin D1 and c-myc. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to carcinogenesis and malignant behaviors, and Wnt signaling is essential for the maintenance of cancer stem cells. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been investigated extensively as a target in cancer treatment and several specific inhibitors of this signaling pathway have been identified through high-throughput screening. In this review, the significance of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hematological carcinogenesis and screening methods for specific inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishi Ashihara
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takada
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Aljawai Y, Richards MH, Seaton MS, Narasipura SD, Al-Harthi L. β-Catenin/TCF-4 signaling regulates susceptibility of macrophages and resistance of monocytes to HIV-1 productive infection. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:164-73. [PMID: 24862328 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140526122249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are an important target for HIV-1 infection. They are often at anatomical sites linked to HIV-1 transmission and are an important vehicle for disseminating HIV-1 throughout the body, including the central nervous system. Monocytes do not support extensive productive HIV-1 replication, but they become more susceptible to HIV-1infection as they differentiate into macrophages. The mechanisms guiding susceptibility of HIV-1 replication in monocytes versus macrophages are not entirely clear. We determined whether endogenous activity of β-catenin signaling impacts differential susceptibility of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to productive HIV-1 replication. We show that monocytes have an approximately 4-fold higher activity of β-catenin signaling than MDMs. Inducing β-catenin in MDMs suppressed HIV-1 replication by 5-fold while inhibiting endogenous β-catenin signaling in monocytes by transfecting with a dominant negative mutant for the downstream effector of β- catenin (TCF-4) promoted productive HIV-1 replication by 6-fold. These findings indicate that β-catenin/TCF-4 is an important pathway for restricted HIV-1 replication in monocytes and plays a significant role in potentiating HIV-1 replication as monocytes differentiate into macrophages. Targeting this pathway may provide a novel strategy to purge the latent reservoir from monocytes/macrophages, especially in sanctuary sites for HIV-1 such as the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, 1735 W. Harrison Street, 614 Cohn, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Timko L, Fischer-Fodor E, Garajová M, Mrva M, Chereches G, Ondriska F, Bukovský M, Lukáč M, Karlovská J, Kubincová J, Devínsky F. Synthesis of structural analogues of hexadecylphosphocholine and their antineoplastic, antimicrobial and amoebicidal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:263-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Inhibiting CCN1 blocks AML cell growth by disrupting the MEK/ERK pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:74. [PMID: 25187756 PMCID: PMC4153307 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CCN1 plays distinct roles in various tumor types, but little is known regarding the role of CCN1 in leukemia. Methods We analyzed CCN1 protein expression in leukemia cell lines and in AML bone marrow samples. We also evaluated the effects of antibody- or siRNA-mediated inhibition of CCN1 on the growth of two AML cell lines (U937 and Kasumi-1 cells) and on the MEK/ERK pathway, β-catenin and other related genes. Results U937 and Kasumi-1 cells had markedly higher CCN1 expression than the 5 other leukemia cell lines, and CCN1 protein expression was higher in the AML bone marrow samples than in the normal bone marrow samples. Blocking CCN1 with an antibody in U937 and Kasumi-1 cells suppressed proliferation, increased apoptosis, down-regulated Bcl-xL and c-Myc expression, up-regulated Bax expression, and had no effect on Survivin. siRNA-mediated down-regulation of CCN1 inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of U937 and Kasumi-1 cells and increased cytarabine-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, CCN1 siRNA reduced MEK and ERK phosphorylation without affecting β-catenin; the CCN1 antibody similarly affected MEK and ERK phosphorylation. These changes in phosphorylation could influence the expression of Bcl-xL, c-Myc and Bax in AML cells. Conclusions The data suggested that CCN1 is a tumor promoter in AML that acts through the MEK/ERK pathway to up-regulate c-Myc and Bcl-xL and to down-regulate Bax.
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30
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Fujita K, Ogawa R, Kawawaki S, Ito K. Roles of chromatin remodelers in maintenance mechanisms of multipotency of mouse trunk neural crest cells in the formation of neural crest-derived stem cells. Mech Dev 2014; 133:126-45. [PMID: 24836203 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed roles of two chromatin remodelers, Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) and SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable-B (SWI/SNF-B), and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)/Wnt signaling in the maintenance of the multipotency of mouse trunk neural crest cells, leading to the formation of mouse neural crest-derived stem cells (mouse NCSCs). CHD7 was expressed in the undifferentiated neural crest cells and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve, typical tissues containing NCSCs. BMP/Wnt signaling stimulated the expression of CHD7 and participated in maintaining the multipotency of neural crest cells. Furthermore, the promotion of CHD7 expression maintained the multipotency of these cells. The inhibition of CHD7 and SWI/SNF-B expression significantly suppressed the maintenance of the multipotency of these cells. In addition, BMP/Wnt treatment promoted CHD7 expression and caused the increase of the percentage of multipotent cells in DRG. Thus, the present data suggest that the chromatin remodelers as well as BMP/Wnt signaling play essential roles in the maintenance of the multipotency of mouse trunk neural crest cells and in the formation of mouse NCSCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology
- Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/embryology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Mice
- Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Multipotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neural Crest/cytology
- Neural Crest/metabolism
- Neural Stem Cells/cytology
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- SOXE Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXE Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Sciatic Nerve/cytology
- Sciatic Nerve/embryology
- Sciatic Nerve/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Ogawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Syunsaku Kawawaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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31
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Kuo PY, Leshchenko VV, Fazzari MJ, Perumal D, Gellen T, He T, Iqbal J, Baumgartner-Wennerholm S, Nygren L, Zhang F, Zhang W, Suh KS, Goy A, Yang DT, Chan WC, Kahl BS, Verma AK, Gascoyne RD, Kimby E, Sander B, Ye BH, Melnick AM, Parekh S. High-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing reveals novel binding targets and prognostic role for SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:1231-40. [PMID: 24681958 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) expression is specific for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as compared with other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, the function and direct-binding targets of SOX11 in MCL are largely unknown. We used high-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify the direct target genes of SOX11 in a genome-wide, unbiased manner and elucidate its functional significance. Pathway analysis identified WNT, PKA and TGF-beta signaling pathways as significantly enriched by SOX11-target genes. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and promoter reporter assays confirmed that SOX11 directly binds to individual genes and modulates their transcription activities in these pathways in MCL. Functional studies using RNA interference demonstrate that SOX11 directly regulates WNT in MCL. We analyzed SOX11 expression in three independent well-annotated tissue microarrays from the University of Wisconsin (UW), Karolinska Institute and British Columbia Cancer Agency. Our findings suggest that high SOX11 expression is associated with improved survival in a subset of MCL patients, particularly those treated with intensive chemotherapy. Transcriptional regulation of WNT and other biological pathways affected by SOX11-target genes may help explain the impact of SOX11 expression on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Kuo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - V V Leshchenko
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M J Fazzari
- 1] Department of Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - D Perumal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Gellen
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - T He
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Baumgartner-Wennerholm
- Department of Medicine, Center for Haematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Nygren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Zhang
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K S Suh
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - A Goy
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - D T Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W-C Chan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - B S Kahl
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, and The UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A K Verma
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - R D Gascoyne
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Kimby
- Department of Medicine, Center for Haematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Sander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B H Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A M Melnick
- 1] Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Parekh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is likely to join nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) as the third gaseous transmitter, influencing an array of intracellular signaling cascades. Thus, H2S is implicated in numerous physiological processes and in the pathology of various diseases. RECENT ADVANCES H2S-donating agents that liberate H2S slowly either alone or in combination with NO, the so-called NOSH compounds, are being synthesized, and these have been shown to have great potential against cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES An accurate determination of H2S levels is challenging. H2S and NO share many similar actions; do these similarities act to potentiate each other? Since many actions of H2S appear to be mediated through inhibition of inflammation and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells is a central player in this scenario, does S-nitrosylation of this transcription factor by NO affect its S-sulfhydration by H2S and vice versa? FUTURE DIRECTIONS Deciphering the molecular targets of these novel hybrid agents and having genetically engineered animals should help us move toward targeted therapeutic applications. Human safety data with these new hybrids is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York Medical School , New York, New York
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33
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Surana R, Sikka S, Cai W, Shin EM, Warrier SR, Tan HJG, Arfuso F, Fox SA, Dharmarajan AM, Kumar AP. Secreted frizzled related proteins: Implications in cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1845:53-65. [PMID: 24316024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt (wingless-type) signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and tumor progression becaluse of its effect on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are extracellular inhibitors of Wnt signaling that act by binding directly to Wnt ligands or to Frizzled receptors. In recent years, aberrant expression of SFRPs has been reported to be associated with numerous cancers. As gene expression of SFRP members is often lost through promoter hypermethylation, inhibition of methylation through the use of epigenetic modifying agents could renew the expression of SFRP members and further antagonize deleterious Wnt signaling. Several reports have described epigenetic silencing of these Wnt signaling antagonists in various human cancers, suggesting their possible role as tumor suppressors. SFRP family members thus come across as potential tools in combating Wnt-driven tumorigenesis. However, little is known about SFRP family members and their role in different cancers. This review comprehensively covers all the available information on the role of SFRP molecules in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Surana
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sakshi Sikka
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eun Myoung Shin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudha R Warrier
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Hong Jie Gabriel Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon A Fox
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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Murthy SRK, Dupart E, Al-Sweel N, Chen A, Cawley NX, Loh YP. Carboxypeptidase E promotes cancer cell survival, but inhibits migration and invasion. Cancer Lett 2013; 341:204-13. [PMID: 23941827 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), a prohormone processing enzyme is highly expressed and secreted from (neuro)endocrine tumors and gliomas, and has been implicated in cancer progression by promoting tumor growth. Our study demonstrates that secreted or exogenously applied CPE promotes survival of pheochromocytoma (PC12) and hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97H) cells under nutrient starvation and hypoxic conditions, but had no effect on their proliferation. CPE also reduced migration and invasion of fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells. We show that CPE treatment mediates survival of MHCC97H cells during metabolic stress by up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, and other pro-survival genes, via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana R K Murthy
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Evan Dupart
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Najla Al-Sweel
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Alexander Chen
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Niamh X Cawley
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Y Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
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The proapoptotic effect of traditional and novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in mammalian and yeast cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:504230. [PMID: 23983899 PMCID: PMC3747411 DOI: 10.1155/2013/504230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. However, mounting evidence shows that NSAIDs, such as aspirin, have very promising antineoplastic properties. The chemopreventive, antiproliferative behaviour of NSAIDs has been associated with both their inactivation of cyclooxygenases (COX) and their ability to induce apoptosis via pathways that are largely COX-independent. In this review, the various proapoptotic pathways induced by traditional and novel NSAIDs such as phospho-NSAIDs, hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAIDs and nitric oxide-releasing NSAIDs in mammalian cell lines are discussed, as well as the proapoptotic effects of NSAIDs on budding yeast which retains the hallmarks of mammalian apoptosis. The significance of these mechanisms in terms of the role of NSAIDs in effective cancer prevention is considered.
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Hydrogen sulfide-releasing aspirin inhibits the growth of leukemic Jurkat cells and modulates β-catenin expression. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1302-8. [PMID: 23896061 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide-releasing aspirin (HS-ASA) is a novel compound with potential against cancer. It inhibited the growth of Jurkat T-leukemia cells with an IC₅₀ of 1.9 ± 0.2 μM whereas that of ASA was >5000 μM. It dose-dependently inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in these cells, causing a G₀/G₁ cell cycle arrest. HS-ASA down-regulated β-catenin protein levels and reduced mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin/TCF downstream target genes cyclinD1 and c-myc. Aspirin up to 5 mM had no effect on β-catenin expression. HS-ASA also increased caspase-3 protein levels and dose-dependently increased its activity. These effects were substantially blocked by z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor.
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37
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Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is etiologically linked to infection with the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-I). ATL is classified into 4 distinct clinical diseases: acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering. Acute ATL is the most aggressive form, representing 60% of cases and has a 4-year survival of < 5%. A frequent complication and cause of death in acute ATL patients is the presence of lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia. We analyzed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway because of its common role in cancer and bone remodeling. Our study demonstrated that ATL cells do not express high levels of β-catenin but displayed high levels of LEF-1/TCF genes along with elevated levels of β-catenin (LEF-1/TCF target genes) responsive genes. By profiling Wnt gene expression, we discovered that ATL patient leukemia cells shifted expression toward the noncanonical Wnt pathway. Interestingly, ATL cells overexpressed the osteolytic-associated genes-Wnt5a, PTHLH, and RANKL. We further show that Wnt5a secreted by ATL cells favors osteoclast differentiation and expression of RANK. Our results suggest that Wnt5a is a major contributing factor to the increase in osteolytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia found in ATL patients. Anti-Wnt5a therapy may prevent or reduce osteolytic lesions found in ATL patients and improve therapy outcome.
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Sharma A, Sen JM. Molecular basis for the tissue specificity of β-catenin oncogenesis. Oncogene 2013; 32:1901-9. [PMID: 22689057 PMCID: PMC3534820 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wnt-β-catenin-T-cell factor signaling is causally linked to c-myc-dependent tumorigenesis in mouse and human colon epithelial cells. By contrast, β-catenin is not similarly associated with oncogenic transformation of other tissues, including T cells. The molecular basis for tissue specificity of β-catenin-dependent oncogenesis is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that adenomatous polyposis coli mutant APC(Min/+) mice, which have increased expression of β-catenin in all tissues, develop severe intestinal neoplasia, but fail to develop thymic lymphoma. Whereas β-catenin-dependent signals elicit a proliferative response from intestinal cells, thymocytes experience oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), growth arrest and apoptosis. We demonstrate that the differential cellular response of thymocytes and intestinal epithelial cells is a direct consequence of the gene expression elicited by β-catenin expression in each tissue. We find that whereas intestinal cells induce genes that promote proliferation thymocytes induce expression of genes associated with OIS, growth arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis. We correlate gene expression pattern with the role β-catenin plays in the development of each tissue and suggest that susceptibility of transformation by β-catenin is intimately related to its function during development. We propose that when oncogenes are used as signaling molecules, safety nets in the form of OIS, growth arrest and apoptosis prevent accidental transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Sharma
- Lymphocyte Development Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD 21224
| | - Jyoti Misra Sen
- Lymphocyte Development Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD 21224
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Chuang KA, Lieu CH, Tsai WJ, Huang WH, Lee AR, Kuo YC. 3-Methoxyapigenin modulates β-catenin stability and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Jurkat leukemic cells. Life Sci 2013; 92:677-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Li Y, Shively JE. CEACAM1 regulates Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T-cells via its interaction with β-catenin. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1061-72. [PMID: 23499736 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1 (Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion molecule 1), an activation induced cell surface marker of T-cells, modulates the T-cell immune response by inhibition of the T-cell and IL-2 receptors. Since T-cells undergo activation induced cell death via Fas activation, it was of interest to determine if this pathway was also affected by CEACAM1. Previously, we identified a novel biochemical interaction between CEACAM1 and the armadillo repeats of β-catenin in Jurkat cells, in which two critical residues, H469 and K470 of the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1-4L played an essential role; while in other studies, β-catenin was shown to regulate Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells. CEACAM1 expression in Jurkat cells leads to the re-distribution of β-catenin to the actin cytoskeleton as well as inhibition of β-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation and its degradation after Fas stimulation. As a result, Fas-mediated apoptosis in these cells was inhibited. The K470A mutation of CEACAM1 partially rescued the inhibitory effect, in agreement with the prediction that a CEACAM1-β-catenin interaction pathway is involved. Although CEACAM1 has two ITIMs, they were not tyrosine-phosphorylated upon Fas ligation, indicating an ITIM independent mechanism; however, mutation of the critical residue S508, located between the ITIMs, to aspartic acid and a prerequisite for ITIM activation, abrogates the inhibitory activity of CEACAM1 to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Since Fas-mediated apoptosis is a major form of activation-induced cell death, our finding supports the idea that CEACAM1 is a general inhibitory molecule for T-cell activation utilizing a variety of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- City of Hope Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Jordaan G, Liao W, Sharma S. E-cadherin gene re-expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by HDAC inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:88. [PMID: 23432814 PMCID: PMC3586366 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin gene is frequently silenced in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and results in wnt-pathway activation. We analyzed the role of histone epigenetic modifications in E-cadherin gene silencing. METHODS CLL specimens were treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) MS-275 and analyzed for E-cadherin expression with western blot and RT-PCR analysis. The downstream effects of HDACi treated leukemic cells were studied by analyzing the effect on wnt-pathway signaling. HDACi induced alterations in E-cadherin splicing were investigated by transcript specific real time PCR analysis. RESULTS Treatment of CLL specimens with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) treatment resulted in an increase of the E-cadherin RNA transcript (5 to 119 fold increase, n=10) in eight out of ten CLL specimens indicating that this gene is down regulated by histone hypoacetylation in a majority of CLL specimens. The E-cadherin re-expression in CLL specimens was noted by western blot analysis as well. Besides epigenetic silencing another mechanism of E-cadherin inactivation is aberrant exon 11 splicing resulting in an alternatively spliced transcript that lacks exon 11 and is degraded by the non-sense mediated decay (NMD) pathway. Our chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that HDACi increased the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in the E-cadherin promoter region. This also affected the E-cadherin exon 11 splicing pattern as HDACi treated CLL specimens preferentially expressed the correctly spliced transcript and not the exon 11 skipped aberrant transcript. The re-expressed E- cadherin binds to β-catenin with inhibition of the active wnt-beta-catenin pathway in these cells. This resulted in a down regulation of two wnt target genes, LEF and cyclinD1 and the wnt pathway reporter. CONCLUSION The E-cadherin gene is epigenetically modified and hypoacetylated in CLL leukemic cells. Treatment of CLL specimens with HDACi MS-275 activates transcription from this silent gene with expression of more correctly spliced E-cadherin transcripts as compared to the aberrant exon11 skipped transcripts that in turn inhibits the wnt signaling pathway. The data highlights the role of epigenetic modifications in altering gene splicing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Jordaan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA School of Medicine, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, LA, CA 90073, USA
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γ-Catenin is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia and promotes the stabilization and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Leukemia 2012; 27:336-43. [PMID: 22858986 PMCID: PMC3613703 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling regulates the transcription of T-cell factor (TCF)-responsive genes through the stabilization and nuclear translocation of the transcriptional co-activator, β-catenin. Overexpression of β-catenin features prominently in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has previously been associated with poor clinical outcome. Overexpression of γ-catenin mRNA (a close homologue of β-catenin) has also been reported in AML and has been linked to the pathogenesis of this disease, however, the relative roles of these catenins in leukemia remains unclear. Here we report that overexpression and aberrant nuclear localization of γ-catenin is frequent in AML. Significantly, γ-catenin expression was associated with β-catenin stabilization and nuclear localization. Consistent with this, we found that ectopic γ-catenin expression promoted the stabilization and nuclear translocation of β-catenin in leukemia cells. β-Catenin knockdown demonstrated that both γ- and β-catenin contribute to TCF-dependent transcription in leukemia cells. These data indicate that γ-catenin expression is a significant factor in the stabilization of β-catenin in AML. We also show that although normal cells exclude nuclear translocation of both γ- and β-catenin, this level of regulation is lost in the majority of AML patients and cell lines, which allow nuclear accumulation of these catenins and inappropriate TCF-dependent transcription.
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Liang W, Yang C, Qian Y, Fu Q. Effects of short-hairpin RNA-inhibited β-catenin expression on the growth of human multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:681-6. [PMID: 22609776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is thrombogenic as a consequence of multiple hemostatic effects. Overexpression of β-catenin has been observed in several types of malignant tumors, including MM. However, the relationship between β-catenin expression and MM remains unclear. In the present study, RNA interference was used to inhibit β-catenin expression in RPMI8226 cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses showed that β-catenin mRNA and protein expression were markedly down-regulated by CTNNB1 shRNA. Western blotting showed that the protein levels of cyclin D1 and glutamine synthetase were downregulated and supported the transcriptional regulatory function of β-catenin. The MTT assay showed that CTNNB1 shRNA could have significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells. The TOPflash reporter assay demonstrated significant downregulation after CTNNB1 shRNA transfection in RPMI8226 cells. Flow cytometric analyses also showed significantly profound apoptosis in CTNNB1 shRNA cells. We found CTNNB1 silence led to growth inhibition of MM growth in vivo. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that c-myc and β-catenin were reduced in CTNNB1 shRNA tumor tissues, but that expression of cleaved caspase-3 was increased. These results show that β-catenin could be a new therapeutic agent that targets the biology of MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, PR China.
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Ming M, Wang S, Wu W, Senyuk V, Le Beau MM, Nucifora G, Qian Z. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin protein signaling induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in hematopoietic progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22683-90. [PMID: 22589536 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.342089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated during development, tumorigenesis, and in adult homeostasis, yet its role in maintenance of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells is not firmly established. Here, we demonstrate that conditional expression of an active form of β-catenin in vivo induces a marked increase in the frequency of apoptosis in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs). Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HPCs in vitro elevates the activity of caspases 3 and 9 and leads to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)), indicating that it induces the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In vivo, expression of activated β-catenin in HPCs is associated with down-regulation of Bcl2 and expression of Casp3. Bone marrow transplantation assays reveal that enhanced cell survival by a Bcl2 transgene re-establishes the reconstitution capacity of HSCs/HPCs that express activated β-catenin. In addition, a Bcl2 transgene prevents exhaustion of these HSCs/HPCs in vivo. Our data suggest that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to the defective function of HPCs in part by deregulating their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ming
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60621, USA
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Ruperez P, Gago-Martinez A, Burlingame AL, Oses-Prieto JA. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals a role for serine and threonine kinases in the cytoskeletal reorganization in early T cell receptor activation in human primary T cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:171-86. [PMID: 22499768 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.017863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events play a primary role in regulation of almost all aspects of cell function including signal transduction, cell cycle, or apoptosis. Thus far, T cell phosphoproteomics have focused on analysis of phosphotyrosine residues, and little is known about the role of serine/threonine phosphorylation in early activation of the T cell receptor (TCR). Therefore, we performed a quantitative mass spectrometry-based analysis of the global phosphoproteome of human primary T cells in response to 5 min of TCR activation with anti-CD3 antibody. Combining immunoprecipitation with an antiphosphotyrosine antibody, titanium dioxide phosphopeptide enrichment, isobaric tag for the relative and absolute quantitation methodology, and strong cation exchange separation, we were able to identify 2814 phosphopeptides. These unique sites were employed to investigate the site-specific phosphorylation dynamics. Five hundred and seventeen phosphorylation sites showed TCR-responsive changes. We found that upon 5 min of stimulation of the TCR, specific serine and threonine kinase motifs are overrepresented in the set of responsive phosphorylation sites. These phosphorylation events targeted proteins with many different activities and are present in different subcellular locations. Many of these proteins are involved in intracellular signaling cascades related mainly to cytoskeletal reorganization and regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction, probably involved in the formation of the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruperez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Facility, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Purizaca J, Meza I, Pelayo R. Early lymphoid development and microenvironmental cues in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:89-101. [PMID: 22480783 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a hematological disorder characterized by malignant and uncontrolled proliferation of B-lymphoid precursor cells in bone marrow. Over the last few years remarkable advances have been made in identifying genetic aberrations, patterns of abnormal transcriptional activity controlling early fate decisions and environmental cues that may influence leukemic development. In this review we focus on the structure of the early lymphoid system and the current knowledge about cell composition and function of the hematopoietic microenvironment that might control progenitor cell activity and lead to differentiation, proliferation and survival of developing B leukemic precursors. Learning the biology of special leukemic niches is central to understanding the pathogenesis of B-ALL and for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Purizaca
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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Shao N, Zou J, Li J, Chen F, Dai J, Qu X, Sun X, Ma D, Ji C. Hyper-activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway mediates anti-tumor effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors in acute T lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1769-78. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.663085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Konowalchuk JD, Agrawal B. MUC1 is a novel costimulatory molecule of human T cells and functions in an AP-1-dependent manner. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:448-55. [PMID: 22425740 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 mucin, primarily known as an epithelial antigen, has been demonstrated to be expressed on activated human T cells. In the present study, we first examined the expression of MUC1 on different subsets of T cells (naive, effector, effector/memory). MUC1 appears to be strongly upregulated on activated CD4(+) T cells in comparison with CD8(+) T cells. The cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 contains both immune tyrosine-based activation and inhibitory motifs; therefore, we investigated whether MUC1 can also act as a costimulatory molecule on human T cells. Nonpurified T-cell cultures from human peripheral blood exhibited enhanced proliferation and an increase in cytokine production when CD3 and MUC1 were cross-linked and coligated. The intracellular mechanism of MUC1-mediated costimulation was determined to be mediated by the calcium-dependent NF-AT pathway. We further demonstrated that the cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 binds to the AP-1 transcription factors c-Fos and c-Jun, with c-Fos binding constitutively and c-Jun binding only after MUC1 stimulation. Their nuclear migration is then facilitated in a CD3-dependent manner. Our findings clearly demonstrate that MUC1 is a novel T-cell costimulatory molecule involved in immune regulation. These studies delineate important mechanisms of T-cell activation and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Konowalchuk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing agents such as JS-K and NO-releasing hybrids such as NO- and NONO-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are novel agents with great potential for controlling cancer. Although studied extensively, a key question pertaining to their molecular targets and mechanism of action remains unclear: the role of NO in the overall biological effect of these agents. It has been shown that NO can directly modify sulfhydryl residues of proteins through S-nitrosylation and induce apoptosis. We showed that 3 structurally diverse NO-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs S-nitrosylated nuclear factor-κB p65 in vitro and in vivo and also showed that these agents S-nitrosylated caspase-3 in vivo. JS-K reduced nuclear β-catenin and cyclin D1 protein levels without affecting cytosolic β-catenin expression. On the basis of a time course study, S-nitrsolyation of nuclear β-catenin was determined to precede its degradation. These data provide a mechanistic role for NO and a rationale for the chemopreventive effects of these novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, City University of New York Medical School, 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031; Tel.: (212) 650-6641; -7692
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Distinct association between aberrant methylation of Wnt inhibitors and genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1927-33. [PMID: 22095226 PMCID: PMC3251886 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant activation of Wnt signalling through hypermethylation of Wnt inhibitor genes is involved in several human malignancies, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It remains unclear whether hypermethylation of Wnt inhibitors is associated with molecular gene mutations in the development of AML. Methods: We investigated the association of the promoter hypermethylation of six Wnt inhibitors (Wif-1, SFRP1, SFRR2, SFRP4, SFRP5, and DKK1) with gene aberrations in the leukaemogenesis of 269 AML patients. Results: In total, 166 patients (61.7%) had hypermethylation of at least one Wnt inhibitor. The majority (68.5%) of patients with Wnt inhibitor hypermethylation had concurrent Class II gene mutations that affect transcription factors or cofactors. There was a close association of Wif-1 hypermethylation with t(15;17) (P=0.0005) and CEBPA mutation (P<0.0001), DKK1 hypermethylation with t(8;21) (P<0.0001) and ASXL1 mutation (P=0.0078), SFRP-1 hypermethylation with t(8;21) (P<0.0001), SFRP-2 hypermethylation with AML1/RUNX1 mutation (P=0.0012), and SFRP-5 hypermethylation with MLL/PTD (P=0.0505). On the other side, hypermethylation of Wnt inhibitors was always negatively associated with NPM1 mutation and FLT3/ITD. Conclusion: There was distinct association between hypermethylation of individual Wnt inhibitors and specific gene aberrations, especially Class II mutations. The Wnt inhibitor hypermethylation might interact with genetic alterations in the leukaemogenesis.
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