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Hlavatá K, Záveská E, Leong-Škorničková J, Pouch M, Poulsen AD, Šída O, Khadka B, Mandáková T, Fér T. Ancient hybridization and repetitive element proliferation in the evolutionary history of the monocot genus Amomum (Zingiberaceae). Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1324358. [PMID: 38708400 PMCID: PMC11066291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1324358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Genome size variation is a crucial aspect of plant evolution, influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Repetitive elements, which are fundamental components of genomic architecture, often play a role in genome expansion by selectively amplifying specific repeat motifs. This study focuses on Amomum, a genus in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), known for its 4.4-fold variation in genome size. Using a robust methodology involving PhyloNet reconstruction, RepeatExplorer clustering, and repeat similarity-based phylogenetic network construction, we investigated the repeatome composition, analyzed repeat dynamics, and identified potential hybridization events within the genus. Our analysis confirmed the presence of four major infrageneric clades (A-D) within Amomum, with clades A-C exclusively comprising diploid species (2n = 48) and clade D encompassing both diploid and tetraploid species (2n = 48 and 96). We observed an increase in the repeat content within the genus, ranging from 84% to 89%, compared to outgroup species with 75% of the repeatome. The SIRE lineage of the Ty1-Copia repeat superfamily was prevalent in most analyzed ingroup genomes. We identified significant difference in repeatome structure between the basal Amomum clades (A, B, C) and the most diverged clade D. Our investigation revealed evidence of ancient hybridization events within Amomum, coinciding with a substantial proliferation of multiple repeat groups. This finding supports the hypothesis that ancient hybridization is a driving force in the genomic evolution of Amomum. Furthermore, we contextualize our findings within the broader context of genome size variations and repeatome dynamics observed across major monocot lineages. This study enhances our understanding of evolutionary processes within monocots by highlighting the crucial roles of repetitive elements in shaping genome size and suggesting the mechanisms that drive these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Hlavatá
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eliška Záveská
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Jana Leong-Škorničková
- Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Milan Pouch
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- National Center for Biomolecular Research (NCBR), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Czechia
| | - Axel Dalberg Poulsen
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Otakar Šída
- Department of Botany, National Museum in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Terezie Mandáková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Fér
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Zhang L, Khadka B, Wu J, Feng Y, Long B, Xiao R, Liu J. CMV infection is a risk factor for hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1193-1201. [PMID: 36752843 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication after transplantation. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and risk factors for HC after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The records of patients who underwent allogenic HSCT from January 2012 to December 2018 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Cox proportional regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors for HC. The statistical analysis was performed in May 2020. A total of 173 patients underwent HSCT, and 53 (30.6%) developed grade 2 or 3 HC cystitis at a median of 37 days (range - 5 to 98 days) after transplantation. Thirty-two patients developed moderate (grade 2) cystitis and 21 severe (grade 3) cystitis. Of the 173 patients, 61 developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (median onset day 24) and 79 experienced cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (median onset day 35). The relative risk (RR) of developing a CMV infection for patients with acute GVHD was 2.77 times that of patients without acute GVHD (P < 0.001). CMV infection was the only independent variable significantly associated with HC in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The estimated hazard ratio (HR) of CMV infection for the development of HC was 5.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.52 to 12.33, P < 0.001). CMV infection is an independent risk factor for the development of HC after HSCT, and acute GVHD is a risk factor for CMV reactivation. Decreasing the frequency of GVHD after HSCT may result in a lower frequency of HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yashu Feng
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Bing Long
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ruozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Anil OM, Chaudhary N, Nikhil OM, Tiwari A, Singh G, Thakur A, Rana SJ, Khadka B, Khadka B, Singh D. Study of Left Ventricular Mass in Normal Nepalese Population. J Nobel Med Coll 2022. [DOI: 10.3126/jonmc.v11i2.50441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A prospective study was conducted to find distribution of the left ventricular mass in normal adult Nepalese population in order to establish the upper reference limit.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 consecutive male and 100 female participants of age 18 years and above visiting for cardiac checkup were enrolled prospectively in this study. Participants with hypertension, diabetes, obesity and significant cardiovascular disease were excluded.
Results: Mean age of study population was 43 years. Mean left ventricular mass in total, male and female population was 127.45±29 gm, 136.48±30.64gm and 118.43±24.24 gm respectively. Mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in total, male and female population was 74.52±15.78 gm/m2, 80.04±16.5 gm/m2 and 69.17±13.05 gm/m2 respectively. Left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index increased with age, Body Mass Index, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, and were statistically significant (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: Normal left ventricular mass in Nepalese Population was found to be lesser in female compared to male. Left ventricular mass increased with increasing Age and Body Mass Index.
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Carter MJ, Gurung M, Pokhrel B, Bijukchhe SM, Karmacharya S, Khadka B, Maharjan A, Bhattarai S, Shrestha S, Khadka B, Khulal A, Gurung S, Dhital B, Prajapati KG, Ansari I, Shah GP, Wahl B, Kandasamy R, Pradhan R, Kelly S, Voysey M, Murdoch DR, Adhikari N, Thorson S, Kelly D, Shrestha S, Pollard AJ. Childhood Invasive Bacterial Disease in Kathmandu, Nepal (2005-2013). Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:192-198. [PMID: 34955523 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive bacterial disease (IBD; including pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in low-income countries. METHODS We analyzed data from a surveillance study of suspected community-acquired IBD in children <15 years of age in Kathmandu, Nepal, from 2005 to 2013 before introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). We detailed the serotype-specific distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and incorporated antigen and PCR testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with meningitis. RESULTS Enhanced surveillance of IBD was undertaken during 2005-2006 and 2010-2013. During enhanced surveillance, a total of 7956 children were recruited of whom 7754 had blood or CSF culture results available for analysis, and 342 (4%) had a pathogen isolated. From 2007 to 2009, all 376 positive culture results were available, with 259 pathogens isolated (and 117 contaminants). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was the most prevalent pathogen isolated (167 cases, 28% of pathogens), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (98 cases, 16% pathogens). Approximately, 73% and 78% of pneumococcal serotypes were contained in 10-valent and 13-valent PCV, respectively. Most cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were among children ≥5 years of age from 2008 onward. Antigen and PCR testing of CSF for pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococci increased the number of these pathogens identified from 33 (culture) to 68 (culture/antigen/PCR testing). CONCLUSIONS S. enterica serovar Typhi and S. pneumoniae accounted for 44% of pathogens isolated. Most pneumococcal isolates were of serotypes contained in PCVs. Antigen and PCR testing of CSF improves sensitivity for IBD pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Carter
- From the Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Meeru Gurung
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bhishma Pokhrel
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sanjeev Man Bijukchhe
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sudhir Karmacharya
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suraj Bhattarai
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Swosti Shrestha
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bibek Khadka
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Animesh Khulal
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sunaina Gurung
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bijaya Dhital
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Imran Ansari
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ganesh P Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Brian Wahl
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rama Kandasamy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Kelly
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R Murdoch
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Neelam Adhikari
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Stephen Thorson
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dominic Kelly
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shrijana Shrestha
- Department of Paediatrics, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Zhang L, Khadka B, Wu J, Feng Y, Long B, Xiao R, Liu J. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomal miR-425-5p Inhibits Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Invasion and Migration by Targeting WTAP. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4901-4914. [PMID: 34594112 PMCID: PMC8478487 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a predominant blood malignancy with high mortality and severe morbidity. AML is affected by microRNAs (miRNAs) loaded in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). MiR-425-5p has been reported to participate in different cancer models. However, the function of BM-MSCs-derived exosomal miR-425-5p in AML is unclear. Methods The expression of miR-425-5p was measured by qRT-PCR in clinical AML samples. The immunophenotype of BM-MSCs was analyzed using antibodies against CD44, CD90, and CD105. The exosome was isolated from BM-MSCs. The effect of BM-MSCs-derived exosomal miR-425-5p on AML was analyzed by CCK-8 assay, Edu assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry in AML cells. qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot analysis were also conducted in AML cells. Results The expression levels of miR-425-5p were decreased in CD34 + CD38-AML cells from primary AML patients compared to that from the bone marrow of healthy cases, and were reduced in exosomes from AML patients compared that from healthy cases. Similarly, miR-425-5p was also down-regulated in AML cell lines compared with BM-MSCs. MiR-425-5p was able to express in exosomes from BM-MSCs. CCK-8, Edu, transwell assay and flow cytometry analysis revealed that BM-MSCs-derived exosomal miR-425-5p significantly inhibited cell viability, Edu positive cells, invasion and migration, and induced apoptosis of AML cells. Meanwhile, the expression levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase3 were increased by BM-MSCs-derived exosomal miR-425-5p in cells. MiR-425-5p inhibited the expression of Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP). Moreover, overexpression of WTAP could reverse the miR-425-5p-induced inhibition effect on AML cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Conclusion BM-MSCs-derived exosomal miR-425-5p inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration of AML cells and induced apoptosis of AML cells by targeting WTAP. Therapeutically, BM-MSCs-derived exosomal miR-425-5p may serve as a potential target for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashu Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, People's Republic of China
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Huang J, Xiao R, Wang X, Khadka B, Fang Z, Yu M, Zhang L, Wu J, Liu J. MicroRNA‑93 knockdown inhibits acute myeloid leukemia cell growth via inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway by upregulating DAB2. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:81. [PMID: 34476495 PMCID: PMC8448547 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor prognosis in elderly adults and currently lacks optimal treatment strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have increasingly been reported to be associated with AML progression; however, the mechanisms of action of miR-93 in AML with the involvement of disabled 2 (DAB2) are currently unknown. In the present study, miR-93 expression was assessed in patients with AML and in AML cell lines. The association between miR-93 expression and the pathological characteristics of patients with AML was analyzed. AML cells were then transfected to knockdown or overexpress miR-93 in order to elucidate its function in AML progression. The target gene of miR-93 was assessed using a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression levels of miR-93, DAB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway-related proteins were measured and in vivo experiments were conducted to confirm the results. It was observed that miR-93 was highly expressed in patients with AML and in AML cells. The knockdown of miR-93 in HL-60 cells inhibited AML cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, while the overexpression of miR-93 in THP-1 cells led to contrasting results. Moreover, miR-93 targeted DAB2 to inactivate the PI3K/AKT pathway, and the overexpression of DAB2 reversed the effects of miR-93 on THP-1 cell growth. Tumor volume, tumor weight, and the positive expression of Ki67, survivin and p53 were increased in THP-1 cells overexpressing miR-93. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that miR-93 is highly expressed in AML cells, and that the suppression of miR-93 inhibits AML cell growth by targeting DAB2 and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ruozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mingxue Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Wu J, Feng Y, Khadka B, Fang Z, Gu J, Tang B, Xiao R, Pan G, Liu JJ. A Regulatory Loop Involving Notch and Wnt Signaling Maintains Leukemia Stem Cells in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678544. [PMID: 34179007 PMCID: PMC8226090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia-initiating cells play critical role in relapse, resistance to therapies and metastases but the mechanism remains largely elusive. We report that β-catenin is over-expressed in almost all T-ALL patients and flow sorted β-cateninhigh fractions are highly resistant to therapy, leading to liver metastases in nude mice as well as dysregulated lncRNAs. Pharmacological inhibition through XAV-939 as well as si-RNA mediated inhibition of β-catenin is initially effective in re-sensitization to therapy, however, prolonged inhibition shifts dependency from β-catenin to Notch signaling, with particularly high levels of receptors Notch 1 and Notch 2. The results are verifiable in a cohort of T-ALL patients comprising of responders vs. those who have progressed, with β-catenin, Notch 1 and Notch 2 elevated in progressed patients. Further, in patients-derived cells, silencing of Notch 1 or Notch 2 does not counter resistance to β-catenin inhibition, rather pharmacological pan-Notch inhibition is needed to overcome resistance and its effect on in vitro tumor sphere formations as well as in vivo liver metastases. Thus, wnt and Notch signaling are part of a regulatory loop mutually compensating for each other in T-ALL, while ensuring the maintenance of stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yashu Feng
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Gu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqiang Tang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu J, Zhang L, Feng Y, Khadka B, Fang Z, Liu J. HDAC8 promotes daunorubicin resistance of human acute myeloid leukemia cells via regulation of IL-6 and IL-8. Biol Chem 2021; 402:461-468. [PMID: 33938176 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The chemoresistance is one of the major challenges for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. We found that the expression of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) was increased in daunorubicin (DNR) resistant AML cells, while targeted inhibition of HDAC8 by its specific siRNA or inhibitor can restore sensitivity of DNR treatment . Further, targeted inhibition of HDAC8 can suppress expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8. While recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) and rIL-8 can reverse si-HDAC8-resored DNR sensitivity of AML cells. Mechanistical study revealed that HDAC8 increased the expression of p65, one of key components of NF-κB complex, to promote the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. It might be due to that HDAC8 can directly bind with the promoter of p65 to increase its transcription and expression. Collectively, our data suggested that HDAC8 promotes DNR resistance of human AML cells via regulation of IL-6 and IL-8.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Wu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology, Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Hematology, Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Yashu Feng
- Department of Hematology and Hematology, Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Hematology and Hematology, Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Hematology, Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology, Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
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Khadka B. Traditional knowledge and use of wild mushrooms in Simbhanjyang, Makwanpur district, Central Nepal. SIF 2020. [DOI: 10.5943/sif/5/1/22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Feng Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Khadka B, Fang Z, Gu J, Tang B, Xiao R, Pan G, Liu J. CircRNA circ_0000190 inhibits the progression of multiple myeloma through modulating miR-767-5p/MAPK4 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:54. [PMID: 30728056 PMCID: PMC6364482 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 10% of all hematological malignancies. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) or long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has important impacts on progression of MM. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are correlated with malignancy in the modulation of tumor progression. This study aims to investigate the effect of circ_0000190 on regulating the progression of MM. Method Microscopic examination via single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization indicates the location of circ_0000190. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression of RNAs and proteins. Potential target of circ_0000190 was searched as miRNA, and examined by luciferase reporter assay. A computational screen was also conducted to search the potential target of miRNA. In vitro cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis assays and flow cytometric were performed to assess the effects of circ_0000190 and its target on MM. Mice model of human MM was established with subcutaneous xenograft tumor, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the underlying mechanisms of circ_0000190 on MM. Results Circ_0000190 was located in the cytoplasm, and down-regulated in both bone marrow tissue and peripheral blood, while the target of circ_0000190, miR-767-5p, was up-regulated, suggesting a negative correlation between them. The binding ability between circ_0000190 and miR-767-5p was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, circ_0000190 inhibited cell viability, proliferation and induced apoptosis of MM thus inhibiting cell progression, which is partially through the negative regulation of miR-767-5p. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) is a direct target of miR-767-5p. In addition, over-expression of miR-767-5p promoted cell progression by directly targeting and regulating MAPK4. The MM model mice with administration of circ_0000190 suppressed tumor growth and progression. Conclusion Our results revealed that the ability of circ_0000190 to protect against MM was inherited through repression of miR-767-5p, and miR-767-5p might be a tumor drive through targeting MAPK4. Therefore, a novel role of circ_0000190 on regulating the progression of MM was found, and the clinical application of circRNAs might represent a strategy in MM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1071-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Gu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqiang Tang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-yat Sen University, 600 Tianhe Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
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Gautam S, Ruchal S, Timalsina B, Acharya D, Khadka B, Gautam V, Singh JK. Effect of Maternal Socio-demographic Factors and Child Feeding Practice on Wasting Among Under Five Years Children in Slum Area of Rupandehi District in Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:256-261. [PMID: 28746325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood wasting although well studied elsewhere, it has not been well understood about in slum area of Nepal. This study aimed to assess effect of socio-demographic factors and child feeding practice in the determination of wasting among the children under five years of age in slum area of Nepal. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was performed among 150 children under five years of age from the slum area of Nepal between 1st January and 28th February 2013 using simple random sampling techniques. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with wasting controlling the potential confounders. RESULTS In a total of 150 under five years children, the prevalence of wasting was 56 (37.33%). The current study demonstrated that children of mothers from dalit Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 11.5; 95% CI: 03.1 - 41.3), aadibasi/janajati (AOR 4.6; 95% CI: 1.2 - 17.0), illiterate mothers (AOR 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1 - 13.6), laborer mothers (AOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-9.4), child age group 25-36 months (AOR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5-5.3), multiple child birth order (AOR 10.0; 95% CI: 2.5-25.0), children who were not fed colostrums (AOR 15.0; 95% CI: 1.25-10.0) were more likely to develop wasting compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS As incremental childhood wasting is associated with maternal socio-demographic factors and child feeding practice, health promotion strategies should focus maternal socio-demographic factors, age of children and early initiation of breast feeding for the improved child nutrition in slum area of Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gautam
- Department of Public Health, Purbanchal University, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - S Ruchal
- Department of Public Health, Purbanchal University, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - B Timalsina
- Department of Anatomy, Kathmandu University, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - D Acharya
- Department of Community Medicine, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - B Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - V Gautam
- Department of Physiology, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - J K Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Janaki Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Janakpur, Nepal
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Yadav A, Shrestha R, Sharma R, Khadka B, Awale L, Malla G. Spontaneous Expulsion of Ingested Foreign Bodies: Case Series and Review of Literature. Birat J Health Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.3126/bjhs.v1i1.17106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign body ingestion is a commonly seen event in emergencies, usually in children, psychiatric patients, chronic alcoholics, drug abusers and the elderly patients with poor fitting dentures as well as the mentally challenged individuals. While ingestion of foreign bodies into Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) may be accidental (especially in children), or experimental (anal insertion by adults), it may be purely intentional as in smugglers of illicit drugs, jewels and other valuables so as to evade detection by the security. About, 90% of ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without complications, 1020% necessitate endoscopic removal, while only 1% of them will finally need surgical intervention. In clinical practice we often face the dilemma of choosing the appropriate treatment modality. We present five cases treated in the emergency ward of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, emphasizing in a "waiting and close observation" policy. Among these cases, all expelled the foreign body spontaneously in their stool without any complications.Birat Journal of Health Sciences 2016 1(1): 78-82
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Abstract
With an objective to find microbial quality of the market milk available in Kathmandu valley, this studywas conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory, Himalayan College of Agriculture Science and Technology(HICAST). Different milk brands were collected from different outlets in the valley and analyzed formicrobial quality. The samples were cultured using the standard microbiological techniques. Almost all thesamples showed the presence of bacterial growth including coliform bacteria. The bacterial isolates were of7 different genera. E. coli was the most frequently isolated organism (92%) followed by coagulase negativeStaphylococci (CONS) (24%). Other organisms isolated were Bacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus species, Salmonella species, Shigella species. The culture results were similar to directmicroscopic count results and showed that bacterial contamination in some of the samples was too numerousto be counted. Thus, it was concluded that the market milk available in Kathmandu is contaminated withvarious types of microorganisms and does not meet the required standard. The dairy industries shouldwork seriously to maintain the standards of their products.* Integrated Bioscientific Research Group (BIOINT), Kupondol, Lalitpur, Nepal.** Himalayan College of Agriculture Science and Technology (HICAST), Gatthaghar, Bhaktapur, Nepal.Address for correspondence : Charu ArjyalIntegrated Bioscientific Research Group (BIOINT), Kupondol, Lalitpur, Nepal.Email: charuarjyal@hotmail.comKey Words: Microbiology, Contamination, Milk, Quality, Coliform.
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