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Russo D, Malnati MS. Absolute quantification of viral DNA: the quest for perfection. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1160:75-86. [PMID: 24740222 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0733-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the impressive technical refinement of the PCR technology, new-generation real-time PCR assays still suffer from two major limitations: the impossibility to control both for PCR artifacts (with the important caveat of false-negative results) and for the efficiency of nucleic acid recovery during the preliminary extraction phase of DNA from the biological sample. The calibrator technology developed at the Unit of Human Virology overcomes both of these limitations, leading to a substantially higher degree of accuracy and reproducibility in the quantification, which is especially useful for the measurement of pathogen loads in sequential samples and for the reliable detection of low-copy pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Russo
- Human Virology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, 20132, Italy
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de Lastours V, LeGoff J, Brière J, Agbalika F, Boulet T, Lévy Y, Simon F, Aboulker JP, Molina JM. Lymphoma and Epstein−Barr virus DNA in blood during interleukin-2 therapy in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected patients: a substudy of the ANRS 119 trial. HIV Med 2013; 15:23-9. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V de Lastours
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
- University Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - J LeGoff
- University Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Department of Microbiology; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
- INSERM U941; Paris France
| | - J Brière
- University Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Department of Pathology; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - F Agbalika
- University Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Department of Microbiology; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - T Boulet
- Institut National Recherche Médicale (INSERM) SC10; Villejuif France
| | - Y Lévy
- INSERM U955; Creteil France
| | - F Simon
- University Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Department of Microbiology; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
- INSERM U941; Paris France
| | - J-P Aboulker
- Institut National Recherche Médicale (INSERM) SC10; Villejuif France
| | - J-M Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
- University Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- INSERM U941; Paris France
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Abstract
Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of certain tumours, particularly Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and cervical cancer. However, the incidence of these tumours in HIV-infected patients has decreased significantly since the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This effect cannot be solely explained by the ability of these drugs to suppress HIV replication and thereby reconstitute the immune system. Recent studies have shown that inhibitors of the HIV aspartyl protease, which are widely used in HAART, have direct anti-angiogenic and antitumour effects that are unrelated to their antiviral activity. So these drugs might be used to treat cancer in patients who are not infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Monini
- AIDS Division, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Albrecht D, Meyer T, Lorenzen T, Stoehr A, Arndt R, Plettenberg A. Epidemiology of HHV-8 infection in HIV-positive patients with and without Kaposi sarcoma: diagnostic relevance of serology and PCR. J Clin Virol 2004; 30:145-9. [PMID: 15125870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2003.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2003] [Revised: 08/19/2003] [Accepted: 09/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remains the most common neoplasm in HIV-infected patients. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is etiologically associated with KS. Diagnostic procedures with regard to HHV-8 infection are not routinely performed in HIV-infected patients; diagnostic and prognostic value of HHV-8 serology or PCR are unknown in this setting. Epidemiological data concerning HHV-8 infection of HIV-infected patients in Germany are rare. OBJECTIVES To assess prevalence of HHV-8 infection in a cohort of HIV-infected patients with and without KS in Germany and to correlate this to manifestations and clinical course of KS. STUDY DESIGN HHV-8 serology was performed in 483 patients in routine care for HIV-infection in northern Germany. HHV-8 DNA was analyzed by PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 293 patients; in a subgroup multiple samples were analyzed. History and manifestations of KS were recorded. RESULTS HHV-8 antibodies were detected using IFT in 91% of 33 patients with KS and 52% of 398 patients without KS. In 36 of 293 (12.3%) patients HHV-8 DNA was detected in PBMC. In general, HHV-8 DNA was not continuously detected when multiple samples from the same patient were analyzed. Patients with KS history were more likely to be PCR positive than those without (45.5% versus 7.8%). In patients with active KS HHV-8 DNA was detected more frequently than in patients with disease remission. HHV-8 DNA was not detected in serologically negative patients. However, three patients with KS history in full remission for several years were seronegative. CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected patients were frequently found to be positive for HHV-8 antibodies. The number of patients positive for viral DNA in PBMC was much smaller. Single PCR-examinations were of little value for prognosis, but repeated detection of HHV-8 DNA represents an increased risk of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Albrecht
- ifi-Institut für interdisziplinaere Infektiologie und Immunologie, ifi-Medizin GmbH, im Allgemeinen Krankenhaus St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a disease characterized by proliferative vascular lesions, which almost invariably contain the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also called human herpesvirus 8. KSHV is a lymphotrophic and angiotrophic herpesvirus, whose genome encodes several proteins involved in proliferation, antiapoptotic functions, and inflammation. Most KS spindle cells express latent KSHV genes, but a few express lytic genes, which might be involved in angiogenic and paracrine mechanisms that contribute to KS pathogenesis. A number of tissue culture and mouse models have been established, but a comprehensive system that accurately portrays KS pathogenesis still does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Bubman
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, Room C406, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Broccolo F, Locatelli G, Sarmati L, Piergiovanni S, Veglia F, Andreoni M, Buttò S, Ensoli B, Lusso P, Malnati MS. Calibrated real-time PCR assay for quantitation of human herpesvirus 8 DNA in biological fluids. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4652-8. [PMID: 12454167 PMCID: PMC154587 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4652-4658.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate laboratory tests for the diagnosis of active human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection are becoming essential to study the pathogenesis of HHV-8-associated tumors and for the clinical management of HHV-8-infected individuals. We have developed a highly sensitive, calibrated quantitative real-time PCR assay for the measurement of cell-free HHV-8 DNA in body fluids, based on the addition of a synthetic DNA calibrator prior to DNA extraction. The calibrator controls each sample for the presence of PCR inhibitors, determines a cutoff value of sensitivity for negative samples, and normalizes positive samples for the efficiency of DNA recovery. The assay shows a wide dynamic range of detection (between 1 and 10(6) viral genome equivalents/reaction) and a high degree of accuracy even in the presence of high amounts (up to 1 micro g) of human genomic DNA. Moreover, the assay has a very high sensitivity (lower detection limit, 10 genome equivalents/ml) and a high degree of reproducibility and repeatability with a coefficient of variation (CV) of <15 and 23%, respectively. Furthermore, the use of the calibrator improves the accuracy of quantitation and decreases the intersample variability (CV, 9 and 6%, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were tested with a series of clinical specimens obtained from patients affected by various HHV-8-related diseases, as well as from a wide number of controls. In conclusion, our calibrated real-time PCR assay provides a reliable high-throughput method for quantitation of HHV-8 DNA in clinical and laboratory specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Broccolo
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Piergiovanni
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Buttò
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ensoli
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Lusso
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro S. Malnati
- Unit of Human Virology, DIBIT, San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, I.S.I. Foundation Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unit of Human Virology, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. Phone: 39-02-2643-4903. Fax: 39-02-2643-4905. E-mail:
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