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Groarke EM, Calado RT, Liu JM. Cell senescence and malignant transformation in the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes: Overlapping pathophysiology with therapeutic implications. Semin Hematol 2022; 59:30-37. [PMID: 35491056 PMCID: PMC9062194 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia, telomeropathies and ribosomopathies are members of the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, rare genetic disorders that lead to failure of hematopoiesis, developmental abnormalities, and cancer predisposition. While each disorder is caused by different genetic defects in seemingly disparate processes of DNA repair, telomere maintenance, or ribosome biogenesis, they appear to lead to a common pathway characterized by premature senescence of hematopoietic stem cells. Here we review the experimental data on senescence and inflammation underlying marrow failure and malignant transformation. We conclude with a critical assessment of current and future therapies targeting these pathways in inherited bone marrow failure syndromes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Groarke
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johnson M Liu
- Division of Hematology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME
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2
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Rozelle AL, Lee S. Genotoxic C8-Arylamino-2'-deoxyadenosines Act as Latent Alkylating Agents to Induce DNA Interstrand Cross-Links. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18960-18976. [PMID: 34726902 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are extremely deleterious and structurally diverse, driving the evolution of ICL repair pathways. Discovering ICL-inducing agents is, thus, crucial for the characterization of ICL repair pathways and Fanconi anemia, a genetic disease caused by mutations in ICL repair genes. Although several studies point to oxidative stress as a cause of ICLs, oxidative stress-induced cross-linking events remain poorly characterized. Also, polycyclic aromatic amines, potent environmental carcinogens, have been implicated in producing ICLs, but their identities and sequences are unknown. To close this knowledge gap, we tested whether ICLs arise by the oxidation of 8-arylamino-2'-deoxyadenosine (ArNHdA) lesions, adducts produced by arylamino carcinogens. Herein, we report that ArNHdA acts as a latent cross-linking agent to generate ICLs under oxidative conditions. The formation of an ICL from 8-aminoadenine, but not from 8-aminoguanine, highlights the specificity of 8-aminopurine-mediated ICL production. Under the influence of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) nitrosoperoxycarbonate, ArNHdA (Ar = biphenyl, fluorenyl) lesions were selectively oxidized to generate ICLs. The cross-linking reaction may occur between the C2-ArNHdA and N2-dG, presumably via oxidation of ArNHdA into a reactive diiminoadenine intermediate followed by the nucleophilic attack of the N2-dG on the diiminoadenine. Overall, ArNHdA-mediated ICLs represent rare examples of ROS-induced ICLs and polycyclic aromatic amine-mediated ICLs. These results reveal novel cross-linking chemistry and the genotoxic effects of arylamino carcinogens and support the hypothesis that C8-modified adenines with low redox potential can cause ICLs in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Rozelle
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Seongmin Lee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Rozelle AL, Cheun Y, Vilas CK, Koag MC, Lee S. DNA interstrand cross-links induced by the major oxidative adenine lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1897. [PMID: 33772030 PMCID: PMC7997976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA generates 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (oxoA) as two major lesions. Despite the comparable prevalence of these lesions, the biological effects of oxoA remain poorly characterized. Here we report the discovery of a class of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) involving oxidized nucleobases. Under oxidative conditions, oxoA, but not oxoG, readily reacts with an opposite base to produce ICLs, highlighting a latent alkylating nature of oxoA. Reactive halogen species, one-electron oxidants, and the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl− system induce oxoA ICLs, suggesting that oxoA-mediated cross-links may arise endogenously. Nucleobase analog studies suggest C2-oxoA is covalently linked to N2-guanine and N3-adenine for the oxoA-G and oxoA-A ICLs, respectively. The oxoA ICLs presumably form via the oxidative activation of oxoA followed by the nucleophilic attack by an opposite base. Our findings provide insights into oxoA-mediated mutagenesis and contribute towards investigations of oxidative stress-induced ICLs and oxoA-based latent alkylating agents. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (oxoA) are generated upon oxidative damage to DNA, but the biological effects of oxoA are not well known. Here, the authors report that only oxoA forms DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) upon secondary oxidation and that these ICLs can be induced by reactive halogen species, one-electron oxidants and the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Rozelle
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Young Cheun
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Caroline K Vilas
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Myong-Chul Koag
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Seongmin Lee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Pagano G, Pallardó FV, Porto B, Fittipaldi MR, Lyakhovich A, Trifuoggi M. Mitoprotective Clinical Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes and Fanconi Anemia Patients: Suggestions for Clinical Management of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010082. [PMID: 31963742 PMCID: PMC7023409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) occur in a number of disorders, and several clinical studies have attempted to counteract OS and MDF by providing adjuvant treatments against disease progression. The present review is aimed at focusing on two apparently distant diseases, namely type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a rare genetic disease, Fanconi anemia (FA). The pathogenetic links between T2D and FA include the high T2D prevalence among FA patients and the recognized evidence for OS and MDF in both disorders. This latter phenotypic/pathogenetic feature-namely MDF-may be regarded as a mechanistic ground both accounting for the clinical outcomes in both diseases, and as a premise to clinical studies aimed at counteracting MDF. In the case for T2D, the working hypothesis is raised of evaluating any in vivo decrease of mitochondrial cofactors, or mitochondrial nutrients (MNs) such as α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, and l-carnitine, with possibly combined MN-based treatments. As for FA, the established knowledge of MDF, as yet only obtained from in vitro or molecular studies, prompts the requirement to ascertain in vivo MDF, and to design clinical studies aimed at utilizing MNs toward mitigating or delaying FA's clinical progression. Altogether, this paper may contribute to building hypotheses for clinical studies in a number of OS/MDF-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-335-790-7261
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, E-46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Porto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS, University of Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria Rosa Fittipaldi
- Internal Medicine Unit, San Francesco d’Assisi Hospital, I-84020 Oliveto Citra (SA), Italy;
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
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Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), developmental abnormalities and predisposition to cancer. Together with other proteins involved in DNA repair processes and cell division, the FA proteins maintain genome homeostasis, and germline mutation of any one of the genes that encode FA proteins causes FA. Monoallelic inactivation of some FA genes, such as FA complementation group D1 (FANCD1; also known as the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2), leads to adult-onset cancer predisposition but does not cause FA, and somatic mutations in FA genes occur in cancers in the general population. Carcinogenesis resulting from a dysregulated FA pathway is multifaceted, as FA proteins monitor multiple complementary genome-surveillance checkpoints throughout interphase, where monoubiquitylation of the FANCD2-FANCI heterodimer by the FA core complex promotes recruitment of DNA repair effectors to chromatin lesions to resolve DNA damage and mitosis. In this Review, we discuss how the FA pathway safeguards genome integrity throughout the cell cycle and show how studies of FA have revealed opportunities to develop rational therapeutics for this genetic disease and for malignancies that acquire somatic mutations within the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut Street, R4-421, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5900, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5900, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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Degan P, Ravera S, Cappelli E. Why is an energy metabolic defect the common outcome in BMFS? Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2571-2575. [PMID: 27579499 PMCID: PMC5053575 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1218103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) are rare, distressing, inherited blood disorders of children. Although the genetic origin of these pathologies involves genes with different functions, all are associated with progressive haematopoietic impairment and an excessive risk of malignancies. Defects in energy metabolism induce oxidative stress, impaired energy production and an unbalanced ratio between ATP and AMP. This assumes an important role in self-renewal and differentiation in haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and can play an important role in bone marrow failure. Defects in energetic/respiratory metabolism, in particular in FA and SDS cells, have been described recently and seem to be a pertinent argument in the discussion of the haematopoietic defect in BMFS, as an alternative to the hypotheses already established on this subject, which may shed new light on the evolution of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Degan
- S. C. Mutagenesis, IRCCS AOU San Martino – IST (Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro), CBA Torre A2, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- DIFAR-Biochemistry Lab., Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired ROS detoxifying machinery in Fanconi anemia cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:165-72. [PMID: 23318445 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder associated with a bone-marrow failure, cancer predisposition and hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents. Majority of the 15 FA genes and encoded proteins characterized so far are integrated into DNA repair pathways, however, other important functions cannot be excluded. FA cells are sensitive to oxidants, and accumulation of oxidized proteins has been characterized for several FA subgroups. Clinical phenotypes of both FA and other closely related diseases suggest altered functions of mitochondria, organelles responsible for cellular energetic metabolism, and also serving as an important producer and the most susceptible target from reactive oxidative species (ROS). In this study, we have shown that elevated level of mitochondrial ROS in FA cells is in parallel with the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, the decrease of ATP production, impaired oxygen uptake and pathological changes in the morphology of mitochondria. This is accompanied by inactivation of enzymes that are essential for the energy production (F1F0ATPase and cytochrome C oxidase) and detoxification of ROS (superoxide dismutase, SOD1). In turn, overexpression of SOD1 could rescue oxygen consumption rate in FA-deficient cells. Importantly, the depletion of mitochondria improved survival rate of mitomycin C treated FA cells suggesting that hypersensitivity of FA cells to chemotherapeutic drugs could be in part due to the mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress. On the basis of our results, we propose that deficiency in FA genes lead to disabling mitochondrial ROS-scavenging machinery further affecting mitochondrial functions and suppressing cell respiration.
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Johnson LA, Malayappan B, Tretyakova N, Campbell C, MacMillan ML, Wagner JE, Jacobson PA. Formation of cyclophosphamide specific DNA adducts in hematological diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:708-14. [PMID: 21793181 PMCID: PMC3204332 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) patients are hypersensitive to DNA alkylating agents and require lower doses than non-FA patients to minimize serious toxicity. The mechanism by which hypersensitivity occurs is thought to be due to the inability of these individuals to effectively repair drug-induced interstrand DNA-DNA crosslinks. We recently developed a highly sensitive assay for cyclophosphamide specific interstrand DNA-DNA crosslinks (G-NOR-G) and are able to quantify and compare formation of these adducts in the blood of patients. Therefore we sought to determine whether FA patients have higher in vivo exposure to the cyclophosphamide specific interstrand DNA crosslink, G-NOR-G, relative to patients without FA. PROCEDURE Cyclophosphamide interstrand DNA crosslinks were measured with the first dose of cyclophosphamide in FA and non-FA patients receiving a cyclophosphamide based preparative regimen prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). FA patients received a lower cyclophosphamide dose than the non-FA patients (5-10 mg/kg/day vs. 50-60 mg/kg/day). RESULTS Despite the lower cyclophosphamide dose and lower plasma concentrations in FA patients, they had G-NOR-G amounts similar to the non-FA patients (area under the curve (AUC)(0-∞) , 99.8 vs. 144.9 G-NOR-G adducts/10(6) nucleotides hour, respectively, P = 0.47). When G-NOR-G AUC was normalized for cyclophosphamide plasma concentrations, FA study subjects produced 15-fold higher adducts than non-FA patients (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FA patients are hypersensitive to DNA alkylating agents possibly as a result of greater formation of cyclophosphamide specific interstrand DNA crosslinks and/or diminished capacity for DNA repair. Identification and quantification of these adducts may be important determinant of cyclophosphamide related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L’Aurelle A. Johnson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bhaskar Malayappan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Natalia Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Colin Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Margaret L. MacMillan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - John E. Wagner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Pamala A. Jacobson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Castillo P, Bogliolo M, Surralles J. Coordinated action of the Fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia pathways in response to oxidative damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:518-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Fanconi's anemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, a progressive pancytopenia and a predisposition to cancer. The diagnosis is based on an abnormal increase of spontaneous chromosome breakage, more specifically on a clear-cut increase of chromosome breakage in the presence of bifunctional alkylating agents. Eight complementation groups (A to H) have been defined, and the genes corresponding to four of these groups have been cloned (FANCA, FANCC, FANCF and FANCG). The function of the proteins encoded by the genes of Fanconi's anemia remains unknown. Numerous studies indicate that different cellular processes are probably involved, including DNA repair pathways, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and oxygen metabolism. Nevertheless, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in Fanconi's anemia remain a challenge for fundamental research. The treatment of Fanconi's anemia is also the subject of intense research, bearing principally upon bone marrow transplantation, which is successful in the case of HLA-identical sibling donors, and gene therapy, which is still at a preliminary stage on the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mondovits
- Service d'hématologie pédiatrique, cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgique
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Kelley MR, Tritt R, Xu Y, New S, Freie B, Clapp DW, Deutsch WA. The Drosophila S3 multifunctional DNA repair/ribosomal protein protects Fanconi anemia cells against oxidative DNA damaging agents. Mutat Res 2001; 485:107-19. [PMID: 11182542 DOI: 10.1016/s0921-8777(00)00067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells harvested from Fanconi anemia (FA) patients show an increased hypersensitivity to the multifunctional DNA damaging agent mitomycin C (MMC), which causes cross-links in DNA as well as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) adducts indicative of escalated oxidative DNA damage. We show here that the Drosophila multifunctional S3 cDNA, which encodes an N-glycosylase/apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase activity was found to correct the FA Group A (FA(A)) and FA Group C (FA(C)) sensitivity to MMC and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Furthermore, the Drosophila S3 cDNA was shown to protect AP endonuclease deficient E. coli cells against H(2)O(2) and MMC, and also protect 8-oxoG repair deficient mutM E. coli strains against MMC and H2O2 cell toxicity. Conversely, the human S3 protein failed to complement the AP endonuclease deficient E. coli strain, most likely because it lacks N-glycosylase activity for the repair of oxidatively-damaged DNA bases. Although the human S3 gene is clearly not the genetic alteration in FA cells, our results suggest that oxidative DNA damage is intimately involved in the overall FA phenotype, and the cytotoxic effect of selective DNA damaging agents in FA cells can be overcome by trans-complementation with specific DNA repair cDNAs. Based on these findings, we would predict other oxidative repair proteins, or oxidative scavengers, could serve as protective agents against the oxidative DNA damage that occurs in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 702 Barnhill Dr., Room 2600, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Malorni W, Straface E, Pagano G, Monti D, Zatterale A, Del Principe D, Deeva IB, Franceschi C, Masella R, Korkina LG. Cytoskeleton alterations of erythrocytes from patients with Fanconi's anemia. FEBS Lett 2000; 468:125-8. [PMID: 10692571 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi's anemia (FA) is a very rare genetically heterogeneous disease which has been hypothesized to be defective in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In this work we report the results obtained by morphometric and biochemical analyses on the red blood cells (RBCs) from FA patients. With respect to RBCs from healthy donors the following changes have been detected: (i) a variety of ultrastructural alterations, mainly surface blebbing typical of acanthocytes and stomatocytes; (ii) a significant quantitative increase of these altered forms; (iii) modifications of spectrin cytoskeleton network; (iv) an altered redox balance, e.g. a decreased catalase activity and significant variations in the GSSG/GSH ratio. We hypothesize that remodeling of the redox state occurring in FA patients results in cytoskeleton-associated alterations of red blood cell integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Malorni
- Department of Ultrastructures, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Monti D, Macchioni S, Guido M, Pagano G, Zatterale A, Calzone R, Cossarizza A, Straface E, Malorni W, Franceschi C. Resistance to apoptosis in Fanconi's anaemia. An ex vivo study in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. FEBS Lett 1997; 409:365-9. [PMID: 9224691 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi's anaemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by progressive pancytopoenia, a diverse assortment of congenital malformations, an increased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species and a predisposition to the development of malignancies. In the present study, we assessed the propensity to undergo apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Italian FA patients. Cells were challenged by 2-deoxy-D-ribose (dRib) or TNF-alpha plus cycloheximide as agents that induce apoptosis by interfering with cell redox status and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and PBMC from FA patients resulted to be less prone to die than those from healthy subjects. The decreased susceptibility of FA cells to undergo apoptosis was also evident when another parameter highly correlated with the apoptotic process, i.e. MMP, was measured. Moreover, when N-acetylcysteine was added to dRib-treated PBMC, a strong protection was evident either in PBMC from control subjects or from FA patients. These data indicate that an alteration of unknown nature of the mechanisms favouring apoptosis is present in freshly collected cells from FA patients, and that such alteration could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease, and particularly to the increased susceptibility to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena, Italy.
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