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Muselli F, Mourgues L, Morcos R, Rochet N, Nebout M, Guerci-Bresler A, Faller DV, William RM, Mhaidly R, Verhoeyen E, Legros L, Peyron JF, Mary D. Combination of PKCδ Inhibition with Conventional TKI Treatment to Target CML Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071693. [PMID: 33918475 PMCID: PMC8038300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib was the first targeted therapy to show clinical efficacy against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) through inhibition of the breakpoint cluster region–Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (BCR-ABL), which is responsible for the disease. Two other generations of TKIs have succeeded imatinib, offering additional therapeutic solutions for a growing number of patients with imatinib-resistant CML. However, these clinical approaches although very effective, generate many unwanted side effects because of their daily administration. Attempts to stop TKI when the disease is no longer detectable at the molecular level, unfortunately result in relapses in more than half of cases. This highlights the presence of undetectable leukemia cells, recognized as leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that are TKI insensitive. It therefore appears necessary to identify new biochemical pathways in LSCs, the targeting of which would make re-sensitization to TKIs possible. The results presented here demonstrate that targeting the protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) pathway represents a valid alternative for LSC elimination. Abstract Numerous combinations of signaling pathway blockades in association with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment have been proposed for eradicating leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but none are currently clinically available. Because targeting protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) was demonstrated to eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs) in solid tumors, we evaluated the efficacy of PKCδ inhibition in combination with TKIs for CML cells. We observed that inhibition of PKCδ by a pharmacological inhibitor, by gene silencing, or by using K562 CML cells expressing dominant-negative (DN) or constitutively active (CA) PKCδ isoforms clearly points to PKCδ as a regulator of the expression of the stemness regulator BMI1. As a consequence, inhibition of PKCδ impaired clonogenicity and cell proliferation for leukemic cells. PKCδ targeting in K562 and LAMA-84 CML cell lines clearly enhanced the apoptotic response triggered by any TKI. A strong synergism was observed for apoptosis induction through an increase in caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and significantly decreased expression of the Bcl-xL Bcl-2 family member. Inhibition of PKCδ did not modify BCR-ABL phosphorylation but acted downstream of the oncogene by downregulating BMI1 expression, decreasing clonogenicity. PKCδ inhibition interfered with the clonogenicity of primary CML CD34+ and BCR-ABL-transduced healthy CD34+ cells as efficiently as any TKI while it did not affect differentiation of healthy CD34+ cells. LTC-IC experiments pinpointed that PKCδ inhibition strongly decreased the progenitors/LSCs frequency. All together, these results demonstrate that targeting of PKCδ in combination with a conventional TKI could be a new therapeutic opportunity to affect for CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Muselli
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Lucas Mourgues
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Rita Morcos
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7277, Inserm U1091, CEDEX 02, 06107 Nice, France;
| | - Marielle Nebout
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | | | - Douglas V Faller
- Oncology Clinical Research, Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | | | - Rana Mhaidly
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 06204 Nice, France
- CIRI–International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Legros
- Department of Hematology, AP-HP Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Jean-François Peyron
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Didier Mary
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Wu PS, Yen JH, Wang CY, Chen PY, Hung JH, Wu MJ. 8-Hydroxydaidzein, an Isoflavone from Fermented Soybean, Induces Autophagy, Apoptosis, Differentiation, and Degradation of Oncoprotein BCR-ABL in K562 Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E506. [PMID: 33207739 PMCID: PMC7696406 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Hydroxydaidzein (8-OHD, 7,8,4'-trihydoxyisoflavone) is a hydroxylated derivative of daidzein isolated from fermented soybean products. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-proliferative effects and the underlying mechanisms of 8-OHD in K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. We found that 8-OHD induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and cell cycle arrest at the S phase by upregulating p21Cip1 and downregulating cyclin D2 (CCND2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) expression. 8-OHD also induced autophagy, caspase-7-dependent apoptosis, and the degradation of BCR-ABL oncoprotein. 8-OHD promoted Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1)-mediated megakaryocytic differentiation as an increased expression of marker genes, CD61 and CD42b, and the formation of multi-lobulated nuclei in enlarged K562 cells. A microarray-based transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 3174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 8-OHD (100 μM) treatment for 48 h. Bioinformatics analysis of DEGs showed that hemopoiesis, cell cycle regulation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT)-mediated apoptosis/anti-apoptosis networks were significantly regulated by 8-OHD. Western blot analysis confirmed that 8-OHD significantly induced the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, both of which may be responsible, at least in part, for the stimulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation in K562 cells. This is the first report on the anti-CML effects of 8-OHD and the combination of experimental and in silico analyses could provide a better understanding for the development of 8-OHD on CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (J.-H.Y.); (P.-Y.C.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (J.-H.Y.); (P.-Y.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
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Wen T, Yang A, Wang T, Jia M, Lai X, Meng J, Liu J, Han B, Xu H. Ultra-small platinum nanoparticles on gold nanorods induced intracellular ROS fluctuation to drive megakaryocytic differentiation of leukemia cells. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6204-6211. [PMID: 33078787 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a kind of hematological malignancy featured with retarded differentiation that is highly linked to the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, ultra-small platinum nanoparticles deposited on gold nanorods (Au@Pt) were synthesized and applied on the CML cells. It was shown that Au@Pt had multienzyme-like activities that induced a fluctuation of the intracellular ROS level over the incubation time, depending on their temporal locations in the cells. The ROS fluctuation triggered cellular autophagy and enhanced the level of autophagic protein Beclin-1, which caused the degradation of fusion protein BCR-ABL, the key factor of retarded differentiation and led to the downregulation of phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. These interactions together broke retarded differentiation and drove the CML cells to differentiate towards megakaryocytes, which is of great significance in enhancing leukemic cell apoptosis. Therefore, Au@Pt exhibited a novel function and promising therapeutic potential for the CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Aiyun Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Mengfan Jia
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Xinning Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Jie Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Department of hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
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Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are important regulators of RNA metabolism and are of critical importance in all steps of the gene expression cascade. The role of aberrantly expressed RBPs in human disease is an exciting research field and the potential application of RBPs as a therapeutic target or a diagnostic marker represents a fast-growing area of research.Aberrant overexpression of the human RNA-binding protein La has been found in various cancer entities including lung, cervical, head and neck, and chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Cancer-associated La protein supports tumour-promoting processes such as proliferation, mobility, invasiveness and tumour growth. Moreover, the La protein maintains the survival of cancer cells by supporting an anti-apoptotic state that may cause resistance to chemotherapeutic therapy.The human La protein represents a multifunctional post-translationally modified RNA-binding protein with RNA chaperone activity that promotes processing of non-coding precursor RNAs but also stimulates the translation of selective messenger RNAs encoding tumour-promoting and anti-apoptotic factors. In our model, La facilitates the expression of those factors and helps cancer cells to cope with cellular stress. In contrast to oncogenes, able to initiate tumorigenesis, we postulate that the aberrantly elevated expression of the human La protein contributes to the non-oncogenic addiction of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the implications of the RNA-binding protein La in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The concept of exploiting the RBP La as a cancer drug target will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhild Sommer
- Department for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Heise
- Department for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Soverini S, Bassan R, Lion T. Treatment and monitoring of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia patients: recent advances and remaining challenges. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:39. [PMID: 31014376 PMCID: PMC6480772 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, resulting from the t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation, can be found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as well as in a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). The deregulated BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase encoded by the fusion gene resulting from the translocation is considered the pathogenetic driver and can be therapeutically targeted. In both CML and Ph-positive (Ph+) ALL, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly improved outcomes. In the TKI era, testing for BCR-ABL1 transcript levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) has become the gold standard to monitor patient response, anticipate relapse, and guide therapeutic decisions. In CML, key molecular response milestones have been defined that draw the ideal trajectory towards optimal long-term outcomes. Treatment discontinuation (treatment-free remission, TFR) has proven feasible in a proportion of patients, and clinical efforts are now focused on how to increase this proportion and how to best select TFR candidates. In Ph+ ALL, results of trials with second- and third-generation TKIs are challenging the role of intensive chemotherapy and even that of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Additional weapons are offered by the recently introduced monoclonal antibodies. In patients harboring mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain, prompt therapeutic reassessment and individualization based on mutation status are important to regain response and prevent disease progression. Next-generation sequencing is likely to become a precious tool for mutation testing because of the greater sensitivity and the possibility to discriminate between compound and polyclonal mutations. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in treatment and monitoring of CML and Ph+ ALL and the issues that still need to be addressed to make the best use of the therapeutic armamentarium and molecular testing technologies currently at our disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Soverini
- Hematology/Oncology ‘L. e A. Seràgnoli’, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Bassan
- Division of Hematology, Ospedale dell’Angelo, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Thomas Lion
- Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI) and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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The role of XIAP in resistance to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in Leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1010-1019. [PMID: 30257312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment for leukemic malignancies remains a challenge despite the wide use of conventional chemotherapies. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are highly demanded. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a targeted therapy against cancer because it induces apoptosis only in tumor cells. TRAIL is currently under investigation for the treatment of leukemia. Preclinical studies evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL on cell lines and clinical samples and showed promising results. However, like most anti-cancer drugs, resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis may limit its clinical efficacy. It is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms of TRAIL. Therefore, rational therapeutic drug combinations for clinical trials of TRAIL-based therapies might be achieved. In a variety of leukemic cells, overexpression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a negative regulator of apoptosis pathway, has been discovered. Implication of XIAP in the ineffective induction of cell death by TRAIL in leukemia has been explored in several resistant cell lines. XIAP inhibitors restored TRAIL sensitivity in resistant cells and primary leukemic blasts. Moreover, TRAIL resistance in leukemic cells could be overcome by the effects of several anti-leukemic agents via the mechanisms of XIAP downregulation. Here, we discuss targeting XIAP, a strategy to restore TRAIL sensitivity in leukemia to acquire more insights into the mechanisms of TRAIL resistance. The concluding remarks may lead to identify putative ways to resensitize tumors.
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Takita M, Tsukahara F, Mishima T, Ieguchi K, Yamada M, Honda H, Maru Y. Paradoxical counteraction by imatinib against cell death in myeloid progenitor 32D cells expressing p210BCR-ABL. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31682-31696. [PMID: 30167087 PMCID: PMC6114964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is believed to be caused by the tyrosine kinase p210BCR-ABL, which exhibits growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic activities. However, mechanisms that allow cell differentiation in CML still remain elusive. Here we established tetracycline (Tet)-regulatable p210BCR-ABL-expressing murine 32D myeloid progenitor (32D/TetOff-p210) cells to explore p210BCR-ABL-induced cell death and differentiation. Tet-regulatable overexpression of p210BCR-ABL induced cell death due to the activation of both caspase-1 and caspase-3, coincident with the differentiation from myeloid progenitors into CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells with segmented nuclei, exemplified as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC), and the ability to secrete IL-1β, TNF-α, and S100A8/A9 into the culture supernatant. Treatment with imatinib almost completely abrogated all these phenotypes. Moreover, overexpression of a sensor of activated caspase-1 based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe enabled us to detect activation of caspase-1 in a human CML cell line, K562. Furthermore, increased numbers of splenic G-MDSC associated with enhancement of S100A8/A9 production were observed in transgenic mice expressing p210BCR-ABL compared with that in wild-type mice. We also propose the novel mode of cell death in this 32D/TetOff-p210 system termed as myeloptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morichika Takita
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiko Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Mishima
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Microfluidic cell sorting by stiffness to examine heterogenic responses of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29445159 PMCID: PMC5833447 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancers consist of a heterogeneous populations of cells that may respond differently to treatment through drug-resistant sub-populations. The scarcity of these resistant sub-populations makes it challenging to understand how to counter their resistance. We report a label-free microfluidic approach to separate cancer cells treated with chemotherapy into sub-populations enriched in chemoresistant and chemosensitive cells based on the differences in cellular stiffness. The sorting approach enabled analysis of the molecular distinctions between resistant and sensitive cells. Consequently, the role of multiple mechanisms of drug resistance was identified, including decreased sensitivity to apoptosis, enhanced metabolism, and extrusion of drugs, and, for the first time, the role of estrogen receptor in drug resistance of leukemia cells. To validate these findings, several inhibitors for the identified resistance pathways were tested with chemotherapy to increase cytotoxicity sevenfold. Thus, microfluidic sorting can identify molecular mechanisms of drug resistance to examine heterogeneous responses of cancers to therapies.
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Nrf-2/Gst-α mediated imatinib resistance through rapid 4-HNE clearance. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:72-78. [PMID: 28267438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The advent of imatinib mesylate (IM) has dramatically improved the outcome of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, but drug resistance, particularly in advanced stage of disease, portents eventual relapse and progression. To identify the candidate molecule responsible for resistance during IM treatment, an IM-resistant K562 cell line was generated by culturing in gradually increasing dose of IM. The expression of Nrf-2 and its downstream target, Gst-α, were significantly induced in these cells. GST-α, in turn, mediated cell survival by maintaining intracellular low level of 4-HNE. Inhibition of Nrf-2 effectively reduced the expression of Gst-α, resulting in accumulation of 4-HNE and elevated sensitiveness to IM. Moreover, in IM-sensitive K562 cells enforced Gst-α expression strikingly protected cells from the insult of IM. Finally, we also examined the levels of Nrf-2 in clinical bone morrow samples. Nrf-2 and Gst-α were more abundant in bone morrow of CML patients compared with that of healthy donors. In addition, Nrf-2 and Gst-α were further up-regulated in samples of patients with weak response to IM. In conclusion, our study shows that rapid clearance of 4-HNE by Nrf-2/GST may represents a novel molecular basis of IM resistance in CML.
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Shinohara H, Kumazaki M, Minami Y, Ito Y, Sugito N, Kuranaga Y, Taniguchi K, Yamada N, Otsuki Y, Naoe T, Akao Y. Perturbation of energy metabolism by fatty-acid derivative AIC-47 and imatinib in BCR-ABL-harboring leukemic cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Norouzi M, Norouzi S, Amini M, Amanzadeh A, Irian S, Salimi M. Apoptotic effects of two COX-2 inhibitors on breast adenocarcinoma cells through COX-2 independent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:81-90. [PMID: 25142612 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, much effort has been directed toward the search for compounds that influence apoptosis and to understand their mechanisms of action. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors may induce apoptosis through the COX-2-independent mechanism via a mitochondrial pathway. In view of the reported antiproliferative activities of two COX-2 inhibitor derivatives (1, 2) in breast cancer cells (MCF-7), the present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of these compounds to induce apoptosis and unravel the associated mechanisms. The apoptotic activities of the two compounds were assessed using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscope, and Western blot analysis. Compounds 1 and 2-treated MCF-7 cells revealed the apoptotic cell death, as confirmed by the changes in nuclear morphology and the increased annexin-V/PI staining. Elevation of Bax to Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3 were found to be associated with the initiation of apoptosis induced by compound 1. Further investigation showed that compounds 1 and 2 inhibited NF-κB, FHC, and ERK activation, while no dramatic change was revealed in c-Myc and EGR-1 levels. Our data suggest that induction of apoptosis by compounds 1 and 2 is not associated with COX-2 expression and occurs through the NF-κB pathway, which sequentially inhibits P-ERK and FHC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Norouzi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Srdic-Rajic T, Tisma-Miletic N, Cavic M, Kanjer K, Savikin K, Galun D, Konic-Ristic A, Zoranovic T. Sensitization of K562 Leukemia Cells to Doxorubicin by theViscum albumExtract. Phytother Res 2015; 30:485-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Srdic-Rajic
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Nevena Tisma-Miletic
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ksenija Kanjer
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Katarina Savikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research ‘Dr Josif Pančić’; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Danijel Galun
- University Clinic for Digestive Surgery; Clinical center Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
- Belgrade University Medical School; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic-Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism; Belgrade University; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Tamara Zoranovic
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
- Max Plank Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
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Montano G, Ullmark T, Jernmark-Nilsson H, Sodaro G, Drott K, Costanzo P, Vidovic K, Gullberg U. The hematopoietic tumor suppressor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is upregulated by the antimetabolite cytarabine in leukemic cells involving the zinc finger protein ZNF224, acting as a cofactor of the Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein. Leuk Res 2015; 40:60-7. [PMID: 26563595 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8) is highly expressed in myeloid progenitors, while most myeloid leukemias show low or absent expression. Loss of IRF8 in mice leads to a myeloproliferative disorder, indicating a tumor-suppressive role of IRF8. The Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein represses the IRF8-promoter. The zinc finger protein ZNF224 can act as a transcriptional co-factor of WT1 and potentiate the cytotoxic response to the cytostatic drug cytarabine. We hypothesized that cytarabine upregulates IRF8 and that transcriptional control of IRF8 involves WT1 and ZNF224. Treatment of leukemic K562 cells with cytarabine upregulated IRF8 protein and mRNA, which was correlated to increased expression of ZNF224. Knock down of ZNF224 with shRNA suppressed both basal and cytarabine-induced IRF8 expression. While ZNF224 alone did not affect IRF8 promoter activity, ZNF224 partially reversed the suppressive effect of WT1 on the IRF8 promoter, as judged by luciferase reporter experiments. Coprecipitation revealed nuclear binding of WT1 and ZNF224, and by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments it was demonstrated that WT1 recruits ZNF224 to the IRF8 promoter. We conclude that cytarabine-induced upregulation of the IRF8 in leukemic cells involves increased levels of ZNF224, which can counteract the repressive activity of WT1 on the IRF8-promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Montano
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Tove Ullmark
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Helena Jernmark-Nilsson
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Gaetano Sodaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Kristina Drott
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Karina Vidovic
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Urban Gullberg
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Lickliter JD, Taylor K, Szer J, Grigg A, Arthur C, Hughes TP, Durrant S, Filshie R, Irving I, Seldon M, Ellacott J, Boyd AW, D'Rozario J, Rooney K, Lynch K, Bradstock K. An imatinib-only window followed by imatinib and chemotherapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia: long-term results of the CMLALL1 trial. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:630-8. [PMID: 24844361 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.925547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report long-term results in 40 patients with Philadlephia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute leukemia who received an imatinib monotherapy window to evaluate in vivo effects on BCR-ABL signaling prior to induction chemotherapy. The first 25 patients (cohort 1) received the LALA-94 protocol without further imatinib (newly diagnosed Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL]) or induction chemotherapy followed by single-agent imatinib. Subsequent patients (cohort 2) continued imatinib concurrently with either LALA-94 (newly diagnosed Ph + ALL) or other intensive chemotherapy regimens. Cohort 2 had a complete response (CR) rate of 93% and 5-year survival of 69%. For newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL, survival was superior in cohort 2 compared with cohort 1. Toxicity was similar to that expected for chemotherapy alone. Among 10 evaluable patients, rapid loss of phospho-CRKL occurred during the imatinib window in seven patients (all achieved CR) and incomplete inhibition in three patients (none with CR). In summary, a pharmacodynamic window design permitted biomarker assessment of BCR-ABL targeting without compromising clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Lickliter
- Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Nucleus Network , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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15
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Maino E, Sancetta R, Viero P, Imbergamo S, Scattolin AM, Vespignani M, Bassan R. Current and future management of Ph/BCR-ABL positive ALL. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:723-40. [PMID: 24611626 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.895669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Following the introduction of targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) at the beginning of the past decade, the outcome of patients with Philadelphia-chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) has dramatically improved. Presently, the use of refined programs with first/second generation TKI's and chemotherapy together with allogeneic stem cell transplantation allow up to 50% of all patients to be cured. Further progress is expected with the new TKI ponatinib, overcoming resistance caused by T315I point mutation, other targeted therapies, autologous transplantation in molecularly negative patients, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies like inotuzumab ozogamicin and blinatumomab, and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Ph+ ALL could become curable in the near future even without allogeneic stem cell transplantation, minimizing the risk of therapy-related death and improving greatly the quality of patients' life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maino
- Hematology/Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ospedale dell'Angelo and Ospedale SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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16
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Ichim CV. Kinase-independent mechanisms of resistance of leukemia stem cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:405-15. [PMID: 24598782 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate have changed the clinical course of chronic myeloid leukemia; however, the observation that these inhibitors do not target the leukemia stem cell implies that patients need to maintain lifelong therapy. The mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear: the question of whether tyrosine kinase inhibitors are inactive inside leukemia stem cells or whether leukemia stem cells do not require breakpoint cluster region (Bcr)-Abl signaling is currently under debate. Herein, I propose an alternative model: perhaps the leukemia stem cell requires Bcr-Abl, but is dependent on its kinase-independent functions. Kinases such as epidermal growth factor receptor and Janus kinase 2 possess kinase-independent roles in regulation of gene expression; it is worth investigating whether Bcr-Abl has similar functions. Mechanistically, Bcr-Abl is able to activate the Ras, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, and/or the Src-kinase Hck/Stat5 pathways in a scaffolding-dependent manner. Whereas the scaffolding activity of Bcr-Abl with Grb2 is dependent on autophosphorylation, kinases such as Hck can use Bcr-Abl as substrate, inducing phosphorylation of Y177 to enable scaffolding ability in the absence of Bcr-Abl catalytic activity. It is worth investigating whether leukemia stem cells exclusively express kinases that are able to use Bcr-Abl as substrate. A kinase-independent role for Bcr-Abl in leukemia stem cells would imply that drugs that target Bcr-Abl's scaffolding ability or its DNA-binding ability should be used in conjunction with current therapeutic regimens to increase their efficacy and eradicate the stem cells of chronic myeloid leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Victoria Ichim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Discipline of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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New chemical scaffolds for human african trypanosomiasis lead discovery from a screen of tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2202-10. [PMID: 24468788 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01691-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. New drugs are needed to treat HAT because of undesirable side effects and difficulties in the administration of the antiquated drugs that are currently used. In human proliferative diseases, protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors (PTKIs) have been developed into drugs (e.g., lapatinib and erlotinib) by optimization of a 4-anilinoquinazoline scaffold. Two sets of facts raise a possibility that drugs targeted against human PTKs could be "hits" for antitrypanosomal lead discoveries. First, trypanosome protein kinases bind some drugs, namely, lapatinib, CI-1033, and AEE788. Second, the pan-PTK inhibitor tyrphostin A47 blocks the endocytosis of transferrin and inhibits trypanosome replication. Following up on these concepts, we performed a focused screen of various PTKI drugs as possible antitrypanosomal hits. Lapatinib, CI-1033, erlotinib, axitinib, sunitinib, PKI-166, and AEE788 inhibited the replication of bloodstream T. brucei, with a 50% growth inhibitory concentration (GI50) between 1.3 μM and 2.5 μM. Imatinib had no effect (i.e., GI50>10 μM). To discover leads among the drugs, a mouse model of HAT was used in a proof-of-concept study. Orally administered lapatinib reduced parasitemia, extended the survival of all treated mice, and cured the trypanosomal infection in 25% of the mice. CI-1033 and AEE788 reduced parasitemia and extended the survival of the infected mice. On the strength of these data and noting their oral bioavailabilities, we propose that the 4-anilinoquinazoline and pyrrolopyrimidine scaffolds of lapatinib, CI-1033, and AEE788 are worth optimizing against T. brucei in medicinal chemistry campaigns (i.e., scaffold repurposing) to discover new drugs against HAT.
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Meng F, Zeng W, Huang L, Qin S, Miao N, Sun H, Li C. In vitro effects of imatinib on CD34 + cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:791-796. [PMID: 24527087 PMCID: PMC3919897 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is a tailored drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and has substantial activity and a favorable safety profile when used as a single agent in patients with CML in myeloid blast crisis. The megakaryocytic blast crisis in CML occurs rarely and carries a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of imatinib on cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cells from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) were isolated from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. CD34+ cells were selected from BMNCs by positive immunomagnetic column separation. Imatinib significantly induced G1 arrest, reduced the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and retinoblastoma proteins and inhibited the proliferation of CD34+ cells from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. Annexin V/propidium iodide and caspase-3 activity showed that imatinib induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis and protein tyrosine kinase activity assays showed that imatinib inhibited BCR-ABL protein tyrosine kinase activity. The in vitro data thus markedly indicate a potential clinical application of imatinib for patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fankai Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Miao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hanying Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chunrui Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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19
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Ma J, Hu Y, Guo M, Huang Z, Li W, Wu Y. hERG potassium channel blockage by scorpion toxin BmKKx2 enhances erythroid differentiation of human leukemia cells K562. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84903. [PMID: 24386436 PMCID: PMC3873423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hERG potassium channel can modulate the proliferation of the chronic myelogenous leukemic K562 cells, and its role in the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells still remains unclear. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The hERG potassium channel blockage by a new 36-residue scorpion toxin BmKKx2, a potent hERG channel blocker with IC50 of 6.7 ± 1.7 nM, enhanced the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. The mean values of GPA (CD235a) fluorescence intensity in the group of K562 cells pretreated by the toxin for 24 h and followed by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment for 72 h were about 2-fold stronger than those of K562 cells induced by Ara-C alone. Such unique role of hERG potassium channel was also supported by the evidence that the effect of the toxin BmKKx2 on cell differentiation was nullified in hERG-deficient cell lines. During the K562 cell differentiation, BmKKx2 could also suppress the expression of hERG channels at both mRNA and protein levels. Besides the function of differentiation enhancement, BmKKx2 was also found to promote the differentiation-dependent apoptosis during the differentiation process of K562 cells. In addition, the blockage of hERG potassium channel by toxin BmKKx2 was able to decrease the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration during the K562 cell differentiation, providing an insight into the mechanism of hERG potassium channel regulating this cellular process. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results revealed scorpion toxin BmKKx2 could enhance the erythroid differentiation of leukemic K562 cells via inhibiting hERG potassium channel currents. These findings would not only accelerate the functional research of hERG channel in different leukemic cells, but also present the prospects of natural scorpion toxins as anti-leukemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youtian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (YW)
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (YW)
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20
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Del Principe MI, Del Poeta G, Venditti A, Buccisano F, Maurillo L, Mazzone C, Bruno A, Neri B, Irno Consalvo M, Lo Coco F, Amadori S. Apoptosis and immaturity in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology 2013; 10:25-34. [PMID: 16019442 DOI: 10.1080/10245330400020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of treatment failures in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the emergence of both resistant disease and early relapse. Among the most frequent agents of these phenomena are defects in the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. This pathway is regulated by bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic (bcl-2, bcl-xl, mcl-1) and pro-apoptotic proteins (bax, bad, bak). In particular, bcl-2 dimerizes with several members of bcl-2 family of proteins, altering the threshold of cell death. The flow cytometric quantitative measurement of bcl-2 and bax expression for the determination of bax/bcl-2 ratio provided crucial clinical information in AML: in our hands, lower bax/bcl-2 ratio conferred a very poor prognosis with decreased rates of complete remission (CR) and overall survival (OS). Moreover, striking correlations were found between lower bax/bcl-2 ratio and higher progenitor marker expression, such as CD34, CD117 and CD133 antigens, confirming the link between this apoptotic index and the maturation pathways. However, the capacity of bax/bcl-2 ratio to clearly identify patients with different prognosis with regard to CR and OS within the CD34+, CD117+ and CD133+ subgroups implies that other mechanisms, such as proliferation and/or cell cycle dysregulation may be involved to explain its clinical significance. Finally, small molecules that target both the receptor- and mitochondrial-mediated pathway of apoptosis are providing encouraging results in patients with relapsed and/or refractory disease (i.e. CDDOMe, bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides, CEP-701, etc), confirming the key role of apoptotic mechanisms on the outcome of AML patients.
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21
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Favaro P, Traina F, Machado-Neto JA, Lazarini M, Lopes MR, Pereira JKN, Costa FF, Infante E, Ridley AJ, Saad STO. FMNL1 promotes proliferation and migration of leukemia cells. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:503-12. [PMID: 23801653 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human FMNL1 is expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells and has been described previously as overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies. However, it is not known whether FMNL1 contributes to leukemogenesis. Here, we investigate the FMNL1 function using two different human leukemia models: Namalwa and K562 cell lines. FMNL1 depletion reduced cell proliferation and colony formation in both leukemic cell types, as well as a decrease in the tumor growth of FMNL1-depleted Namalwa cell xenografts. In addition, there was a decrease in migration and in TEM in FMNL1-depleted Namalwa cells. FMNL1 endogenously associates with Rac1, and FMNL1 silencing resulted in an increased Rac1 activity. The reduced migration observed in FMNL1-depleted cells was restored by inhibiting Rac activity. Our results indicate that FMNL1 stimulates leukemia cell proliferation as well as migration. This suggests that FMNL1 contributes to leukemogenesis and could act in part through Rac1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Favaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Silva KL, de Souza PS, Nestal de Moraes G, Moellmann-Coelho A, Vasconcelos FDC, Maia RC. XIAP and P-glycoprotein co-expression is related to imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1350-8. [PMID: 23891189 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and XIAP co-expression has been discussed in the process of the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. Here, we evaluated XIAP and Pgp expression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) samples, showing a positive correlation between them. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of imatinib in XIAP and Pgp expression using CML cell lines K562 (Pgp(-)) and K562-Lucena (Pgp(+)). Imatinib increased XIAP and Pgp expression in K562-Lucena cells, while in K562 cells a downregulation of these proteins was observed, suggesting that imatinib induces an increment of MDR phenotype of CML cells that previously exhibit high levels of Pgp/XIAP co-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lani Silva
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação Geral Técnico-Científica, Instituto Nacional de Câncer and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia/INCA, Brazil
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23
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Montano G, Cesaro E, Fattore L, Vidovic K, Palladino C, Crescitelli R, Izzo P, Turco MC, Costanzo P. Role of WT1-ZNF224 interaction in the expression of apoptosis-regulating genes. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1771-82. [PMID: 23362234 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Wilms' tumor gene 1, WT1, is implicated both in normal developmental processes and in the generation of a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Physical interactions of other cellular proteins with WT1 are known to modulate its function. We previously identified the Krüppel-like zinc-finger protein, ZNF224, as a novel human WT1-associating protein that enhances the transcriptional activation of the human vitamin D receptor promoter by WT1. Here, we have analyzed the effects of WT1-ZNF224 interaction on the expression of apoptosis-regulating genes in the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cell line. The results demonstrated that ZNF224 acts in fine tuning of WT1-dependent control of gene expression, acting as a co-activator of WT1 in the regulation of proapoptotic genes and suppressing WT1 mediated transactivation of antiapoptotitc genes. Moreover, the DNA damaging drug cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) induces expression of ZNF224 in K562 cells and this induction enhances cell apoptotic response to ara-C. These findings suggest that ZNF224 can be a mediator of DNA damage-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Montano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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24
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Kim E, Matsuse M, Saenko V, Suzuki K, Ohtsuru A, Mitsutake N, Yamashita S. Imatinib enhances docetaxel-induced apoptosis through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Thyroid 2012; 22:717-24. [PMID: 22650230 PMCID: PMC3387763 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the partial effectiveness of imatinib (also known as STI571, Glivec, or Gleevec) on anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. Imatinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been used for various types of cancer treatments. Recently, several reports have demonstrated that imatinib enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to other anticancer drugs. In this study, therefore, we investigated whether imatinib enhances the antitumor activity of docetaxel in ATC cells. METHODS Two ATC cell lines, FRO and KTC-2, were treated with imatinib and/or docetaxel. Cell survival assay and flow cytometry for annexin V were used to assess the induction of apoptosis. Changes of pro- and antiapoptotic factors were determined by Western blot. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity was measured by DNA-binding assay. Tumor growth was also investigated in vivo. RESULTS The combined treatment significantly enhanced apoptosis compared with single treatment. ATC cells themselves expressed high levels of antiapoptotic factors, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), and survivin. The treatment with docetaxel alone further increased their expressions; however, the combined treatment blocked the inductions. Although imatinib alone had no effect on NF-κB background levels, combined treatment significantly suppressed the docetaxel-induced NF-κB activation. Further, the combined administration of the drugs also showed significantly greater inhibitory effect on tumor growth in mice xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS Imatinib enhanced antitumor activity of docetaxel in ATC cells. Docetaxel seemed to induce both pro- and antiapoptotic signaling pathways in ATC cells, and imatinib blocked the antiapoptotic signal. Thus, docetaxel combined with imatinib emerges as an attractive strategy for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunSook Kim
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Michiko Matsuse
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Vladimir Saenko
- Department of Health Risk Control, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuru
- Takashi Nagai Memorial International Hibakusha Medical Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norisato Mitsutake
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Nagasaki University Research Center for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis (NRGIC), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yamashita
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Takashi Nagai Memorial International Hibakusha Medical Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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25
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Airiau K, Mahon FX, Josselin M, Jeanneteau M, Turcq B, Belloc F. ABT-737 increases tyrosine kinase inhibitor–induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells through XIAP downregulation and sensitizes CD34+ CD38− population to imatinib. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:367-78.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Mabed M, Elhefni AM, Damnhouri G. Imatinib-induced aplastic anemia in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2310-1. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.680452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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The Interface between BCR-ABL-Dependent and -Independent Resistance Signaling Pathways in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:671702. [PMID: 23259070 PMCID: PMC3505928 DOI: 10.1155/2012/671702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome which resulted from the reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The pathogenesis of CML involves the constitutive activation of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, which governs malignant disease by activating multiple signal transduction pathways. The BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor, imatinib, is the front-line treatment for CML, but the emergence of imatinib resistance and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has called attention for additional resistance mechanisms and has led to the search for alternative drug treatments. In this paper, we discuss our current understanding of mechanisms, related or unrelated to BCR-ABL, which have been shown to account for chemoresistance and treatment failure. We focus on the potential role of the influx and efflux transporters, the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and transcription factor-mediated signals as feasible molecular targets to overcome the development of TKIs resistance in CML.
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Imatinib mesylate improves liver regeneration and attenuates liver fibrogenesis in CCL4-treated mice. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16:361-9. [PMID: 22068968 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Imatinib mesylate (STI-571), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has previously been demonstrated to attenuate liver fibrogenesis through inhibition of the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in CCL(4)-treated rat models. AIMS This study aimed to further evaluate the role of STI-571 in liver regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS All animals were divided into four groups, and mice were treated with or without CCL(4) and STI-571 (n = 6 for each group). RESULTS Activated cultured HSCs in vitro with STI-571 administration showed increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation, as determined by flow cytometric analysis, 3-(4, 5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and confocal microscopy. STI-571 treatment attenuated liver fibrosis in vivo, as was evident in the results of histology, mRNA level, and expression analysis of smooth muscle actin and type I collagen. Mice treated with STI-571 had increased liver weight ratio and the improvement in liver regeneration was compatible with the change of serum interleukin 6 levels (p < 0.05). Further, increased apoptosis and a reduced proliferation were observed in the CCL(4)-treated mice after STI-571 treatment based on the immunohistochemical staining of Annexin V, phosphorylated STAT3, and PCNA. CONCLUSION STI-571 treatment effectively attenuated liver fibrogenesis and improved in liver regeneration in vivo and induced apoptosis in HSCs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Mathisen MS, O'Brien S, Thomas D, Cortes J, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F. Role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the management of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2011; 6:187-94. [PMID: 21660654 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-011-0093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Philadelphia chromosome is the most common cytogenetic abnormality found in adult patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The result of this abnormality is the BCR-ABL protein, a constitutively active kinase involved in cell signaling and survival. When managed with multiagent chemotherapy regimens alone, patients have traditionally had an inferior outcome in terms of remission duration and overall survival when compared with patients who are Philadelphia chromosome-negative. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib and dasatinib, directly inhibit the BCR-ABL kinase, offering a targeted approach as a therapeutic option. As a result of several clinical trials with adequate follow-up, imatinib combined with chemotherapy represents the current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed disease. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation has previously been the only modality to offer the potential for a cure, and it still should be considered for all patients deemed able to tolerate such an intervention. Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as dasatinib, may further improve the outcome in these patients. The role of molecular monitoring and the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors after stem cell transplantation are areas of active investigation, and the results of ongoing trials will help to clarify the optimal management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Mathisen
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas-M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Dufies M, Jacquel A, Belhacene N, Robert G, Cluzeau T, Luciano F, Cassuto JP, Raynaud S, Auberger P. Mechanisms of AXL overexpression and function in Imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2011; 2:874-85. [PMID: 22141136 PMCID: PMC3259992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the TAM family, the function of which is poorly understood. We previously identified AXL overexpression in Imatinib (IM)-resistant CML cell lines and patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of AXL and the mechanisms underlying AXL overexpression in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-resistant CML cells. We present evidence that high AXL expression level is a feature of TKI-resistant CML cells and knockdown of AXL sensitized TKI-resistant cells to IM. In addition, expression of wild-type AXL but not a dominant negative form of AXL confers IM-sensitive CML cells the capacity to resist IM effect. AXL overexpression required PKCα and β and constitutive activation of ERK1/2. Accordingly, GF109203X a PKC inhibitor, U0126 a MEK1 inhibitor and PKCα/β knockdown restore sensitivity to IM while PKCα or PKCβ overexpression in CML cells promotes protection against IM-induced cell death. Finally, using luciferase promoter activity assays we established that AXL is regulated transcriptionally through the AP1 transcription factor. Our findings reveal an unexpected role of AXL in resistance to TKI in CML cells, identify the molecular mechanisms involved in its overexpression and support the notion that AXL is a new marker of resistance to TKI in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Dufies
- 1 INSERM U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team «Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer», Nice, France,2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,3 Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2011-2013, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- 1 INSERM U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team «Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer», Nice, France,2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,3 Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2011-2013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Belhacene
- 1 INSERM U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team «Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer», Nice, France,2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,3 Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2011-2013, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- 1 INSERM U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team «Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer», Nice, France,2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,3 Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2011-2013, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cluzeau
- 1 INSERM U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team «Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer», Nice, France,2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,3 Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2011-2013, Paris, France,4 Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Transplantation, Nice, France
| | - Fréderic Luciano
- 1 INSERM U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team «Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer», Nice, France,2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,3 Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2011-2013, Paris, France
| | - Jill Patrice Cassuto
- 2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,4 Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Transplantation, Nice, France
| | - Sophie Raynaud
- 2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,5 Service d'Oncohématologie, Nice France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- 1 INSERM U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team «Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer», Nice, France,2 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France,3 Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2011-2013, Paris, France,4 Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Transplantation, Nice, France
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The addition of daunorubicin to imatinib mesylate in combination with cytarabine improves the response rate and the survival of patients with myeloid blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia (AFR01 study). Leuk Res 2011; 35:777-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Misra R, Sahoo SK. Coformulation of doxorubicin and curcumin in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles suppresses the development of multidrug resistance in K562 cells. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:852-66. [PMID: 21480667 DOI: 10.1021/mp100455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum anthracycline antibiotic used to treat a variety of cancers including leukemia. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) blasts like K562 cells are resistant to apoptosis induced by DOX due to several reasons, the primary being the sequestration of drug into cytoplasmic vesicles and induction of multidrug resistance (MDR) gene expression with DOX treatment resulting in intracellular resistance to this drug. Moreover, expression of antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 and the hybrid gene bcr/abl in K562 cells contributes resistance to DOX. Studies have shown that curcumin (CUR) has a pleiotropic therapeutic effect in cancer treatment, as it is an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) as well as a potent downregulator of MDR transporters. In this study, we investigated the potential benefit of using DOX and CUR in a single nanoparticle (NP) formulation to inhibit the development of drug resistance for the enhancement of antiproliferative activity of DOX in K562 cells. Results illustrate that the dual (DOX+CUR) drug loaded NPs were effectively delivered into K562 cells. CUR not only facilitates the retention of DOX in nucleus for a longer period of time but also inhibits the gradual expression of MDR1 and BCL-2 at the mRNA level in K562 cells. Moreover, Western blot results confirm that in combination both of the drugs were capable of inducing apoptosis even if in a lower concentration compared to either single drug in both solution or in formulation. Combinational therapy by using DOX and CUR, especially when administered in the NP formulation, has enhanced the cytotoxicity in K562 cells by promoting the apoptotic response. Overall, this combinational strategy has significant promise in the clinical management of intractable diseases, especially leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Misra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Gurovic MSV, Lanza AMD, Adánez MDCB, Omaña MCE, Gómez IG, Murray AP, López PS. Cytotoxic effects induced by combination of heliantriol B2 and dequalinium against human leukemic cell lines. Phytother Res 2010; 25:603-10. [PMID: 20981868 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Natural occurring compounds are considered an important source of antitumoral agents. In the present study, the cytotoxic potential of three pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from Chuquiraga erinacea (Asteraceae), against the human leukemic cell lines NB4 and K562 was assessed. Heliantriol B2 (HB2) showed the highest cytotoxic activity after 24 h treatment showing IC(50) values of 1.98 ± 0.12 µm and 3.52 ± 0.14 µm for NB4 and K562 cells, respectively. This activity was higher than that of the reference compound dequalinium (DQA). Apoptosis and necrosis induced by HB2 in both NB4 and K562 cell lines were analysed by Annexin V/PI labeling. Mitochondrial alterations including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) were also tested. The results demonstrated that HB2 induced cell death by apoptosis and necrosis and showed enhanced cytotoxic effects in combination with DQA. Besides, HB2 induced ROS overproduction in NB4 cells and a slight decrease of ΔΨm. Consequently, our findings prompt further studies on the HB2 mechanism of action and its selectivity to tumor cells in order to assess the potential of HB2 as an agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Vela Gurovic
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Xiong L, Zhang J, Yuan B, Dong X, Jiang X, Wang Y. Global proteome quantification for discovering imatinib-induced perturbation of multiple biological pathways in K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6007-15. [PMID: 20949922 DOI: 10.1021/pr100814y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate, currently marketed by Novartis as Gleevec in the U.S., has emerged as the leading compound to treat the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), through its inhibition of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinases, and other cancers. However, resistance to imatinib develops frequently, particularly in late-stage disease. To identify new cellular pathways affected by imatinib treatment, we applied mass spectrometry together with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) for the comparative study of protein expression in K562 cells that were untreated or treated with a clinically relevant concentration of imatinib. Our results revealed that, among the 1344 quantified proteins, 73 had significantly altered levels of expression induced by imatinib and could be quantified in both forward and reverse SILAC labeling experiments. These included the down-regulation of thymidylate synthase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the up-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, hemoglobins, and enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis. We also found, by assessing alteration in the acetylation level in histone H4 upon imatinib treatment, that the imatinib-induced hemoglobinization and erythroid differentiation in K562 cells are associated with global histone H4 hyperacetylation. Overall, these results provided potential biomarkers for monitoring the therapeutic intervention of CML using imatinib and offered important new knowledge for gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
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Borriello A, Caldarelli I, Bencivenga D, Cucciolla V, Oliva A, Usala E, Danise P, Ronzoni L, Perrotta S, Della Ragione F. p57 Kip2 is a downstream effector of BCR–ABL kinase inhibitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Carcinogenesis 2010; 32:10-8. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a difficult disease to treat. Novel treatment strategies, including molecular targeted therapy, are being explored. The c-kit receptor represents a potential therapeutic target for AML. The receptor is expressed on more than 10% of blasts in 64% of patients with de novo AML and 95% of those with relapsed AML. It mediates proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects in AML. This review discusses the biology of c-kit in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and the recent clinical trials targeting c-kit in AML.
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Bassan R, Rossi G, Pogliani EM, Di Bona E, Angelucci E, Cavattoni I, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Mannelli F, Levis A, Ciceri F, Mattei D, Borlenghi E, Terruzzi E, Borghero C, Romani C, Spinelli O, Tosi M, Oldani E, Intermesoli T, Rambaldi A. Chemotherapy-phased imatinib pulses improve long-term outcome of adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Northern Italy Leukemia Group protocol 09/00. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:3644-52. [PMID: 20606084 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Short imatinib pulses were added to chemotherapy to improve the long-term survival of adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) -positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), to optimize complete remission (CR) and stem-cell transplantation (SCT) rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 94 total patients (age range, 19 to 66 years), 35 represented the control cohort (ie, imatinib-negative [IM-negative] group), and 59 received imatinib 600 mg/d orally for 7 consecutive days (ie, imatinib-positive [IM-positive] group), starting from day 15 of chemotherapy course 1 and from 3 days before chemotherapy during courses 2 to 8. Patients in CR were eligible for allogeneic SCT or, alternatively, for high-dose therapy with autologous SCT followed by long-term maintenance with intermittent imatinib. RESULTS CR and SCT rates were greater in the IM-positive group (CR: 92% v 80.5%; P = .08; allogeneic SCT: 63% v 39%; P = .041). At a median observation time of 5 years (range, 0.6 to 9.2 years), 22 patients in the IM-positive group versus five patients in the IM-negative group were alive in first CR (P = .037). Patients in the IM-positive group had significantly greater overall and disease-free survival probabilities (overall: 0.38 v 0.23; P = .009; disease free: 0.39 v 0.25; P = .044) and a lower incidence of relapse (P = .005). SCT-related mortality was 28% (ie, 15 of 54 patients), and postgraft survival probability was 0.46 overall. CONCLUSION This imatinib-based protocol improved long-term outcome of adult patients with Ph-positive ALL. With SCT, post-transplantation mortality and relapse remain the major hindrance to additional therapeutic improvement. Additional intensification of imatinib therapy should warrant a better molecular response and clinical outcome, both in patients selected for SCT and in those unable to undergo this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bassan
- U.S.C. Ematologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy.
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Kurosu T, Wu N, Oshikawa G, Kagechika H, Miura O. Enhancement of imatinib-induced apoptosis of BCR/ABL-expressing cells by nutlin-3 through synergistic activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis 2010; 15:608-20. [PMID: 20094798 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is highly effective for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, relapses with emerging imatinib-resistance mutations in the BCR/ABL kinase domain pose a significant problem. Here, we demonstrate that nutlin-3, an inhibitor of Mdm2, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis more effectively in BCR/ABL-driven Ton.B210 cells than in those driven by IL-3. Moreover, nutlin-3 drastically enhanced imatinib-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner in various BCR/ABL-expressing cells, which included primary leukemic cells from patients with CML blast crisis or Ph+ ALL and cells expressing the imatinib-resistant E255K BCR/ABL mutant. Nutlin-3 and imatinib synergistically induced Bax activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and caspase-3 cleavage leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis, which was inhibited by overexpression of Bcl-XL. Imatinib did not significantly affect the nutlin-3-induced expression of p53 but abrogated that of p21. Furthermore, activation of Bax as well as caspase-3 induced by combined treatment with imatinib and nutlin-3 was observed preferentially in cells expressing p21 at reduced levels. The present study indicates that combined treatment with nutlin-3 and imatinib activates p53 without inducing p21 and synergistically activates Bax-mediated intrinsic mitochondrial pathway to induce apoptosis in BCR/ABL-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kurosu
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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Advani AS, Tiu R, Saunthararajah Y, Maciejewski J, Copelan EA, Sobecks R, Sekeres MA, Bates J, Rush ML, Tripp B, Salvado A, Noon E, Howard M, Jin T, Hsi E, Egorin MJ, Lim K, Cotta CV, Price C, Kalaycio M. A Phase 1 study of imatinib mesylate in combination with cytarabine and daunorubicin for c-kit positive relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1622-6. [PMID: 20427086 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The c-kit receptor is expressed in 95% of relapsed acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) and mediates leukemic proliferation. We conducted a Phase 1 study of the c-kit inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (IM), in combination with cytarabine and daunorubicin (7+3) in c-kit+ relapsed AML. IM was dose escalated using a 3 by 3 design. Phosphorylated STAT5 was absent to minimally present in residual blasts on day 14 bone marrows. The maximum tolerated dose of IM was 300 mg. The dose-limiting toxicity was Grade 3-4 hepatic toxicity. The CR/CRp rate was 57%. Cytotoxic therapy that includes IM for relapsed AML is well-tolerated and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali S Advani
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Zhu Q, Shen B, Zhang B, Zhang W, Chin SH, Jin J, Liao DF. Inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase pathway sensitizes human leukemia K562 cells to nontoxic concentration of doxorubicin. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 340:275-81. [PMID: 20339906 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a commonly used anthracycline in many antitumor regimens. The dose related Dox-induced cardiotoxicity often poses challenge in clinical practice, lowering its dose and administering it in combination with other compound is an option. In this study, we found that a nontoxic concentration of Dox at 34.5 nM (20 ng/ml) combined with Compound C, an inhibitor used in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, could kill human leukemia K562 cells. Additionally, this study confirmed that the combined effect was related to the inhibition of some key proteins such as AMPK and acetyl CoA carboxylase. Moreover, down-regulation of these key proteins in AMPK pathway using siRNA technology also sensitized K562 cells to nontoxic concentration of Dox. The study also showed that Dox at a concentration of 345.0 nM (200 ng/ml) or 862.0 nM (500 ng/ml) that is lower than a typical value of 1-2 microM Dox in patients could kill human leukemia K562 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that inhibition of AMPK pathway by Compound C or siRNA sensitizes K562 cells to nontoxic concentration of Dox which is much lower than typical concentration in plasma of clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Zou D, Zhao Y, Mi Y, Wang J, Qiu L. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adults with Philadelphia chromosome positive and/orbcr-ablpositive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a single center study from China. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:488-96. [DOI: 10.3109/10428190903370361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ohtomo T, Miyazawa K, Naito M, Moriya S, Kuroda M, Itoh M, Tomoda A. Cytoprotective effect of imatinib mesylate in non-BCR-ABL-expressing cells along with autophagosome formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 391:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ferrandiz N, Caraballo JM, Albajar M, Gomez-Casares MT, Lopez-Jorge CE, Blanco R, Delgado MD, Leon J. p21(Cip1) confers resistance to imatinib in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 292:133-9. [PMID: 20042273 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is a Bcr-Abl inhibitor used as first-line therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). p21(Cip1), initially described as a cell cycle inhibitor, also protects from apoptosis in some models. We describe that imatinib down-regulates p21(Cip1) expression in CML cells. Using K562 cells with inducible p21 expression and transient transfections we found that p21 confers partial resistance to imatinib-induced apoptosis. This protection is not related to the G2-arrest provoked by p21, a decrease in the imatinib activity against Bcr-Abl or a cytoplasmic localization of p21. The results suggest an involvement of p21(Cip1) in the response to imatinib in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ferrandiz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-IDICAN, Santander, Spain
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Cathepsin B release after imatinib-mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization triggers BCR-ABL cleavage and elimination of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Leukemia 2009; 24:115-24. [PMID: 19924144 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is the leading compound to treat patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) but the exact mechanism of its anti-leukemic effect is incompletely elucidated. Through inhibition of BCR-ABL, Imatinib blocks several downstream pathways and induces apoptosis of BCR-ABL positive cells. In this study, we analyzed further the mode of action of Imatinib in different appropriate cellular models of CML either sensitive or resistant to Imatinib and in CD34+ cells from CML patients. Pharmacological or short hairpin RNA-mediated inhibition of BCR-ABL triggers lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) that culminates in activation and redistribution of Cathepsin B (CB) into the cytoplasm of CML cells, in which it triggers directly BCR-ABL degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of CB by CA-074Me or small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of CB partly protects K562 cells from Imatinib-induced cell death and CB overexpression sensitizes these cells to Imatinib killing. Strikingly, Imatinib-triggered LMP, CB activation and BCR-ABL cleavage in CD34+ cells from CML patients and inhibition of CB confers protection against cell death in clonogenic assays of CD34+ primary cells from CML patients. Hence, we describe an original pathway by which Imatinib participates to the elimination of CML cells through LMP and CB-mediated specific degradation of BCR-ABL.
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Acadesine kills chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells through PKC-dependent induction of autophagic cell death. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7889. [PMID: 19924252 PMCID: PMC2775681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CML is an hematopoietic stem cell disease characterized by the t(9;22) (q34;q11) translocation encoding the oncoprotein p210BCR-ABL. The effect of acadesine (AICAR, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside) a compound with known antileukemic effect on B cell chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (B-CLL) was investigated in different CML cell lines. Acadesine triggered loss of cell metabolism in K562, LAMA-84 and JURL-MK1 and was also effective in killing imatinib-resistant K562 cells and Ba/F3 cells carrying the T315I-BCR-ABL mutation. The anti-leukemic effect of acadesine did not involve apoptosis but required rather induction of autophagic cell death. AMPK knock-down by Sh-RNA failed to prevent the effect of acadesine, indicating an AMPK-independent mechanism. The effect of acadesine was abrogated by GF109203X and Ro-32-0432, both inhibitor of classical and new PKCs and accordingly, acadesine triggered relocation and activation of several PKC isoforms in K562 cells. In addition, this compound exhibited a potent anti-leukemic effect in clonogenic assays of CML cells in methyl cellulose and in a xenograft model of K562 cells in nude mice. In conclusion, our work identifies an original and unexpected mechanism by which acadesine triggers autophagic cell death through PKC activation. Therefore, in addition to its promising effects in B-CLL, acadesine might also be beneficial for Imatinib-resistant CML patients.
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Grosso S, Puissant A, Dufies M, Colosetti P, Jacquel A, Lebrigand K, Barbry P, Deckert M, Cassuto JP, Mari B, Auberger P. Gene expression profiling of imatinib and PD166326-resistant CML cell lines identifies Fyn as a gene associated with resistance to BCR-ABL inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1924-33. [PMID: 19567819 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but resistance develops in all phases of this disease. The purpose of the present study was to identify the mode of resistance of newly derived imatinib-resistant (IM-R) and PD166326-resistant (PD-R) CML cells. IM-R and PD-R clones exhibited an increase in viability and a decrease in caspase activation in response to various doses of imatinib and PD166326, respectively, as compared with parental K562 cells. Resistance involved neither mutations in BCR-ABL nor increased BCR-ABL, MDR1 or Lyn expression, all known modes of resistance. To gain insight into the resistance mechanisms, we used pangenomic microarrays and identified 281 genes modulated in parental versus IM-R and PD-R cells. The gene signature was similar for IM-R and PD-R cells, accordingly with the cross-sensitivity observed for both inhibitors. These genes were functionally associated with pathways linked to development, cell adhesion, cell growth, and the JAK-STAT cascade. Especially relevant were the increased expression of the tyrosine kinases AXL and Fyn as well as CD44 and HMGA2. Small interfering RNA experiments and pharmacologic approaches identified FYN as a candidate for resistance to imatinib. Our findings provide a comprehensive picture of the transcriptional events associated with imatinib and PD166326 resistance and identify Fyn as a new potential target for therapeutic intervention in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Grosso
- INSERM U895, Cell Death, Differentiation and Cancer Team, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, Nice Cedex 2, France
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Zhao R, Follows GA, Beer PA, Scott LM, Huntly BJP, Green AR, Alexander DR. Inhibition of the Bcl-xL deamidation pathway in myeloproliferative disorders. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:2778-89. [PMID: 19109573 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0804953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The myeloproliferative disorders are clonal disorders with frequent somatic gain-of-function alterations affecting tyrosine kinases. In these diseases, there is an increase in DNA damage and a risk of progression to acute leukemia. The molecular mechanisms in myeloproliferative disorders that prevent apoptosis induced by damaged DNA are obscure. METHODS We searched for abnormalities of the proapoptotic Bcl-x(L) deamidation pathway in primary cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or polycythemia vera, myeloproliferative disorders associated with the BCR-ABL fusion kinase and the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation, respectively. RESULTS The Bcl-x(L) deamidation pathway was inhibited in myeloid cells, but not T cells, in patients with CML or polycythemia vera. DNA damage did not increase levels of the amiloride-sensitive sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1), intracellular pH, Bcl-x(L) deamidation, and apoptosis. Inhibition of the pathway was reversed by enforced alkalinization or overexpression of NHE-1, leading to a restoration of apoptosis. In patients with CML, the pathway was blocked in CD34+ progenitor cells and mature myeloid cells. Imatinib or JAK2 inhibitors reversed inhibition of the pathway in cells from patients with CML and polycythemia vera, respectively, but not in cells from a patient with resistance to imatinib because of a mutation in the BCR-ABL kinase domain. CONCLUSIONS BCR-ABL and mutant JAK2 inhibit the Bcl-x(L) deamidation pathway and the apoptotic response to DNA damage in primary cells from patients with CML or polycythemia vera.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Damage/genetics
- Deamination
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/physiology
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, abl/genetics
- Humans
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/blood
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Polycythemia Vera/blood
- Polycythemia Vera/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1
- Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/genetics
- bcl-X Protein/genetics
- bcl-X Protein/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Jakubowska J, Wasowska-Lukawska M, Czyz M. STI571 and morpholine derivative of doxorubicin collaborate in inhibition of K562 cell proliferation by inducing differentiation and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 596:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Weigel MT, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Bauerschlag DO, Schem C, Bauer M, Jonat W, Maass N, Mundhenke C. Combination of imatinib and vinorelbine enhances cell growth inhibition in breast cancer cells via PDGFR beta signalling. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:70-9. [PMID: 18809244 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor targeted against PDGFR alpha and beta, c-kit and bcr-abl. These receptors regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of imatinib on breast cancer cell lines with respect to the activity of PDGFR beta and Akt: a downstream modulator of cell growth and survival. METHODS Expression of imatinib targets was analyzed with reverse transciptase PCR and immunoblotting assays in the breast cell lines MDA MB 231, MCF 7, ZR 75-1, and T 47-D. Changes on receptor expression and phosphorylation status under imatinib were evaluated using drug concentrations of 2 to 10 microM. The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of imatinib alone and in combination with vinorelbine were investigated with an MTT and TUNEL assay. RESULTS Imatinib inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of all cell lines examined. This effect was increased when combined with vinorelbine. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of PDGFR beta and Akt was detected. CONCLUSIONS The growth inhibitory effect of imatinib on breast cell lines may be caused by inhibiting the activity of the tyrosine kinases PDGFR beta and Akt. Imatinib is a promising novel drug for targeted therapy of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion T Weigel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Michaelisstrasse 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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