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Tomita T, Ieguchi K, Deguchi A, Takita M, Tsukahara F, Hiratsuka S, Maru Y. Lung Tumor Cell Recruitment Assay. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30882774 DOI: 10.3791/53172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanisms governing tumor metastasis, various assays using the mouse as a model animal have been proposed. Here, we demonstrate a simple assay to evaluate tumor cell extravasation or micrometastasis. In this assay, tumor cells were injected through the tail vein, and after a short period, the lungs were dissected and digested to count the accumulated labeled tumor cells. This assay skips the initial step of primary tumor invasion into the blood vessel and facilitates the study of events in the distant organ where tumor metastasis occurs. The number of cells injected into the blood vessel can be optimized to observe a limited number of metastases. It has been reported that stromal cells in the distant organ contribute to metastasis. Thus, this assay could be a useful tool to explore potential therapeutic drugs or devices for prevention of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University;
| | | | - Atsuko Deguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | | | | | - Sachie Hiratsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University;
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2
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Tomita T, Ieguchi K, Takita M, Tsukahara F, Yamada M, Egly JM, Maru Y. C1D is not directly involved in the repair of UV-damaged DNA but protects cells from oxidative stress by regulating gene expressions in human cell lines. J Biochem 2019; 164:415-426. [PMID: 30165670 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A small nuclear protein, C1D, has roles in various cellular processes, transcription regulation, genome stability surveillance, DNA repair and RNA processing, all of which are required to maintain the host life cycles. In the previous report, C1D directly interacts with XPB, a component of the nucleotide excision repair complex, and C1D knockdown reduced cell survival of 27-1 cells, CHO derivative cells, after UV irradiation. To find out the role of C1D in UV-damaged cells, we used human cell lines with siRNA or shRNA to knockdown C1D. C1D knockdown reduced cell survival rates of LU99 and 786-O after UV irradiation, although C1D knockdown did not affect the efficiency of the nucleotide excision repair. Immunostaining data support that C1D is not directly involved in the DNA repair process in UV-damaged cells. However, H2O2 treatment reduced cell viability in LU99 and 786-O cells. We also found that C1D knockdown upregulated DDIT3 expression in LU99 cells and downregulated APEX1 in 786-O cells, suggesting that C1D functions as a co-repressor/activator. The data accounts for the reduction of cell survival rates upon UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morichika Takita
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiko Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamada
- Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jean-Marc Egly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS/INSERM/UdS 1, rue Laurent Fries, BP163 F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Takita M, Tsukahara F, Mishima T, Ieguchi K, Yamada M, Honda H, Maru Y. Paradoxical counteraction by imatinib against cell death in myeloid progenitor 32D cells expressing p210BCR-ABL. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31682-31696. [PMID: 30167087 PMCID: PMC6114964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is believed to be caused by the tyrosine kinase p210BCR-ABL, which exhibits growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic activities. However, mechanisms that allow cell differentiation in CML still remain elusive. Here we established tetracycline (Tet)-regulatable p210BCR-ABL-expressing murine 32D myeloid progenitor (32D/TetOff-p210) cells to explore p210BCR-ABL-induced cell death and differentiation. Tet-regulatable overexpression of p210BCR-ABL induced cell death due to the activation of both caspase-1 and caspase-3, coincident with the differentiation from myeloid progenitors into CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells with segmented nuclei, exemplified as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC), and the ability to secrete IL-1β, TNF-α, and S100A8/A9 into the culture supernatant. Treatment with imatinib almost completely abrogated all these phenotypes. Moreover, overexpression of a sensor of activated caspase-1 based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe enabled us to detect activation of caspase-1 in a human CML cell line, K562. Furthermore, increased numbers of splenic G-MDSC associated with enhancement of S100A8/A9 production were observed in transgenic mice expressing p210BCR-ABL compared with that in wild-type mice. We also propose the novel mode of cell death in this 32D/TetOff-p210 system termed as myeloptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morichika Takita
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiko Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Mishima
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Shimasaki K, Watanabe-Takahashi M, Umeda M, Funamoto S, Saito Y, Noguchi N, Kumagai K, Hanada K, Tsukahara F, Maru Y, Shibata N, Naito M, Nishikawa K. Pleckstrin homology domain of p210 BCR-ABL interacts with cardiolipin to regulate its mitochondrial translocation and subsequent mitophagy. Genes Cells 2017; 23:22-34. [PMID: 29205725 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the chimeric protein p210 BCR-ABL encoded by a gene on the Philadelphia chromosome. Although the kinase domain of p210 BCR-ABL is an active driver of CML, the pathological role of its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain remains unclear. Here, we carried out phospholipid vesicle-binding assays to show that cardiolipin (CL), a characteristic mitochondrial phospholipid, is a unique ligand of the PH domain. Arg726, a basic amino acid in the ligand-binding region, was crucial for ligand recognition. A subset of wild-type p210 BCR-ABL that was transiently expressed in HEK293 cells was dramatically translocated from the cytosol to mitochondria in response to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) treatment, which induces mitochondrial depolarization and subsequent externalization of CL to the organelle's outer membrane, whereas an R726A mutant of the protein was not translocated. Furthermore, only wild-type p210 BCR-ABL, but not the R726A mutant, suppressed CCCP-induced mitophagy and subsequently enhanced reactive oxygen species production. Thus, p210 BCR-ABL can change its intracellular localization via interactions between the PH domain and CL to cope with mitochondrial damage. This suggests that p210 BCR-ABL could have beneficial effects for cancer proliferation, providing new insight into the PH domain's contribution to CML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shimasaki
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miho Watanabe-Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Umeda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Funamoto
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keigo Kumagai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiko Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibata
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nishikawa
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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Maru Y, Tomita T, Deguchi A, Ieguchi K, Takita M, Tsukahara F, Takemura K, Kitao A, Gusovsky F. Drug Targeting Based on a New Concept-Targeting Against TLR4 as an Example. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2015; 15:83-7. [DOI: 10.2174/187153031502150522123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Watanabe K, Shimizu T, Noda S, Tsukahara F, Maru Y, Kobayashi N. Nuclear export of the influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complex: Interaction of Hsc70 with viral proteins M1 and NS2. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:683-8. [PMID: 25161876 PMCID: PMC4141210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus replicates in the host cell nucleus, and the progeny viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) is exported to the cytoplasm prior to maturation. NS2 has a nuclear export signal that mediates the nuclear export of vRNP by the vRNP-M1-NS2 complex. We previously reported that the heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) protein binds to M1 protein and mediates vRNP export. However, the interactions among M1, NS2, and Hsc70 are poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that Hsc70 interacts with M1 more strongly than with NS2 and competes with NS2 for M1 binding, suggesting an important role of Hsc70 in the nuclear export of vRNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Saiko Noda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Fujiko Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan ; Central Research Center, AVSS Corporation, 1-22, Wakaba-machi, Nagasaki 852-8137, Japan
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7
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Zou P, Yoshihara H, Hosokawa K, Tai I, Shinmyozu K, Tsukahara F, Maru Y, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI, Suda T. p57(Kip2) and p27(Kip1) cooperate to maintain hematopoietic stem cell quiescence through interactions with Hsc70. Cell Stem Cell 2011; 9:247-61. [PMID: 21885020 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators play critical roles in the balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dormancy and proliferation. In this study, we report that cell cycle entry proceeded normally in HSCs null for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p57 due to compensatory upregulation of p27. HSCs null for both p57 and p27, however, were more proliferative and had reduced capacity to engraft in transplantation. We found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) interacts with both p57 and p27 and that the subcellular localization of Hsc70 was critical to maintain HSC cell cycle kinetics. Combined deficiency of p57 and p27 in HSCs resulted in nuclear import of an Hsc70/cyclin D1 complex, concomitant with Rb phosphorylation, and elicited severe defects in maintaining HSC quiescence. Taken together, these data suggest that regulation of cytoplasmic localization of Hsc70/cyclin D1 complex by p57 and p27 is a key intracellular mechanism in controlling HSC dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zou
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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8
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Watanabe K, Takizawa N, Noda S, Tsukahara F, Maru Y, Kobayashi N. Hsc70 regulates the nuclear export but not the import of influenza viral RNP: A possible target for the development of anti-influenza virus drugs. Drug Discov Ther 2008; 2:77-84. [PMID: 22504503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In our previous report, we demonstrated that the matrix 1 (M1) protein of influenza virus directly binds to heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70). The down-regulation of Hsc70 resulted in the reduction of influenza virus production, thus suggesting that Hsc70 plays a crucial role for viral replication. However, the detailed role of Hsc70 in viral replication remains to be elucidated. Hsc70 has been suggested to play a significant role in both the nuclear import and export processes. In this report, using leptomycin B (LMB), a CRM1-mediated nuclear export inhibitor, we demonstrated that Hsc70 forms a complex with vRNP through M1 in infected cells and in the virion, thus playing a significant role in the export of vRNP from the nucleus but not in the import of vRNP into the nucleus. The regulation of Hsc70 may therefore lead to the development of new anti-influenza virus drugs without raising mutant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Watanabe K, Fuse T, Asano I, Tsukahara F, Maru Y, Nagata K, Kitazato K, Kobayashi N. Identification of Hsc70 as an influenza virus matrix protein (M1) binding factor involved in the virus life cycle. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:5785-90. [PMID: 17022977 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus matrix protein 1 (M1) has been shown to play a crucial role in the virus replication, assembly and budding. We identified heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) as a M1 binding protein by immunoprecipitation and MALDI-TOF MS. The C terminal domain of M1 interacts with Hsc70. We found that Hsc70 does not correlate with the transport of M1 to the nucleus, however, it does inhibit the nuclear export of M1 and NP, thus resulting in the inhibition of viral production. This is the first demonstration that Hsc70 is directly associated with M1 and therefore is required for viral production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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10
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Abstract
N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been reported to have anticancer properties such as counteractions against mutagens and prevention of tumor progression by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, here we report that NAC can enhance the anchorage-independent growth of cells transformed by activated ABL tyrosine kinases or Ras. This effect was not dependent on loss of focal adhesion kinase activation. NAC rescued cell growth that was suppressed by heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 inhibitors possibly by chemical modification of their quinone moiety. NAC rendered Rat1/BCR-ABL cells resistance to a Ras inhibitor manumycin in soft agar colony formation. In the absence of Hsp90 inhibitors, NAC stimulated the activation of MAP kinase in BCR-ABL-transformed but not in the parental Rat1 cells. We propose that NAC should be used carefully in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiGuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Mori M, Tsukahara F, Yoshioka T, Irie K, Ohta H. Suppression by 17beta-estradiol of monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells is mediated by estrogen receptors. Life Sci 2004; 75:599-609. [PMID: 15158369 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several observational studies have shown that estrogen replacement therapy decreases cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in postmenopausal women. However, The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study has found that women receiving estrogen plus progestin had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary embolus. In the present study, we examined whether estrogen prevents mechanisms that relate to plaque formation by inhibiting monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. ECV304 cells, an endothelial cell line that normally expresses minimal estrogen receptor (ER)alpha, were transfected with an ERalpha expression plasmid. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 mRNA, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and U937 cell adhesion in ECV304 cells. These effects of TNF-alpha were not significantly inhibited by pretreatment of native ECV304 cells with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)). In ECV304 cells overexpressing ERalpha, E(2) significantly inhibited the effects of TNF-alpha on NF-kappaB activation, VCAM-1 expression, and U937 cell adhesion. These findings suggest E(2) suppresses inflammatory cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells that possess functional estrogen receptors. The mechanism of suppression may involve inhibition of NF-kappaB-mediated up-regulation of VCAM-1 expression induced by atherogenic stimuli. E(2) may prevent plaque formation, as first stage of atheroscrelosis through inhibiting adhesion monocytes to endothelial cell. Actions of estrogen replacement therapy can be assessed in terms of densities of functional ERalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
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12
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Tago K, Tsukahara F, Naruse M, Yoshioka T, Takano K. Hsp90 inhibitors attenuate effect of dexamethasone on activated NF-kappaB and AP-1. Life Sci 2004; 74:1981-92. [PMID: 14967193 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2003] [Accepted: 07/31/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) regulates the functions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin (GA) and radicicol (Rad) have been studied as anti-inflammatory agents; however, their effects on glucocorticoid-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanism are not known. In the present study, we examined the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and Hsp90 inhibitors, alone and in combination, on the activation of GR and proinflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). In cell-based reporter assay, Hsp90 inhibitors inhibited Dex-induced nuclear import and transcriptional activity of GR. Both tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated NF-kappaB and phorbol ester-activated AP-1 were inhibited by Dex and Hsp90 inhibitors alone. When the cells were treated with a combination of these drugs, the inhibitory effect of Dex was significantly attenuated by Hsp90 inhibitors. We further examined the effects of Dex and Rad on lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expressions of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta in macrophages. Dex, but not Rad, inhibited IL-1beta expression. Rad concentration-dependently attenuated the inhibitory effect of Dex. These results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitor itself inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1, however, impedes Dex-induced inhibition of IL-1beta induction by attenuating Dex-mediated activation of GR and inhibition of the proinflammatory transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Tago
- Department of Medicine, Institution of Clinical Endocrinology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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13
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Tsukahara F, Maru Y. Identification of Novel Nuclear Export and Nuclear Localization-related Signals in Human Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:8867-72. [PMID: 14684748 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308848200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) serves nuclear transport of several proteins as a molecular chaperone. We have recently identified a novel variant of human Hsc70, heat shock cognate protein 54 (Hsc54), that lacks amino acid residues 464-616 in the protein binding and variable domains of Hsc70. In the present study, we examined nucleocytoplasmic localization of Hsc70 and Hsc54 by using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions. GFP-Hsc70 is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus at 37 degrees C and accumulated into the nucleolus/nucleus after heat shock, whereas GFP-Hsc54 always remained exclusively in the cytoplasm under these conditions. Mutation studies indicated that 20 amino acid residues of nuclear localization-related signals, which are missing in Hsc54 but are retained in Hsc70, are required for proper nuclear localization of Hsc70. We further found that Hsc54 contains a functional leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES, (394)LDVTPLSL(401)) which is differently situated from the previously proposed NES in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ssb1p. The cytoplasmic localization of Hsc54 was impaired by a mutation in NES as well as by a nuclear export inhibitor, leptomycin B, suggesting that Hsc54 is actively exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. In contrast, the nucleocytoplasmic localization of Hsc70 was not affected by the same mutation of NES or leptomycin B. These results suggest that the nuclear localization-related signal could functionally mask NES leading to prolonged retention of Hsc70 in the nucleus. An additional mechanism for unmasking the NES may regulate nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Hsc70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiko Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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14
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Tago K, Tsukahara F, Naruse M, Yoshioka T, Takano K. Regulation of nuclear retention of glucocorticoid receptor by nuclear Hsp90. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 213:131-8. [PMID: 15062560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been demonstrated in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and regulates cytoplasmic retention of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, the role of nuclear Hsp90 in GR trafficking is less characterized. The present study examined the role of Hsp90 in nuclear retention of GR after ligand withdrawal. Hsp90 inhibitors; geldanamycin (GA) and radicicol (Rad), significantly accelerated nuclear export of GR after withdrawal of ligands including dexamethasone, corticosterone and RU486. GA accelerated relocalization of GR in the cytoplasm even when reimport of GR into the nucleus was inhibited by okadaic acid or when novel GR synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide. Overexpression of wild type or nuclear-targeted Hsp90 attenuated Hsp90 inhibitor-induced acceleration of GR nuclear export, although nuclear Hsp90 showed higher activity than the wild type. Only nuclear-targeted Hsp90 prolonged basal nuclear retention of GR after withdrawal of dexamethasone and corticosterone. These results suggest that nuclear Hsp90 regulates the nuclear retention of GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Tago
- Department of Medicine, Institution of Clinical Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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15
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Tsukahara F, Yoshioka T, Muraki T. Molecular and functional characterization of HSC54, a novel variant of human heat-shock cognate protein 70. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 58:1257-63. [PMID: 11093761 DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.6.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel variant of human heat-shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) transcript, named heat-shock cognate protein 54 (HSC54), was identified and characterized. The transcript encodes the protein lacking 153 amino acid residues of HSC70 in a part of the protein-binding and variable domains, resulting in a calculated molecular mass of 53.5 kDa. HSC54 mRNA was detected in all human cells and tissues examined. The protein was also detected in peripheral mononuclear cells and U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cells. Heat treatment of U937 cells up-regulated the expression of HSC54. The chaperoning activity of HSC54 was examined by luciferase renaturation assay. HSC70 recovered the luciferase activity in the presence of reticulocyte lysate as a source of cochaperones. However, HSC54 did not facilitate the recovery of denatured luciferase; besides, HSC54 significantly inhibited the HSC70-mediated chaperoning activity. In pull-down experiments, HSC54 interacted with cochaperones, p60, HSP40, and p48, as HSC70 did. The resonant mirror detection analysis showed that p60 binds to HSC54 with a higher association rate constant than HSC70 with a similar affinity constant. These results suggest that HSC54 is constitutively expressed and also inducible by stress and may function as an endogenous inhibitory regulator of HSC70 by competing the cochaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Differential display screening for region-specific transcripts in rat brain revealed a novel striatum-specific transcript encoding an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) designated Strg/Gpr88 for striatum-specific GPCR. We isolated its homologues from human (HGMW-approved symbol GPR88) and mouse and mapped them to chromosomes 1p21.3 and 3G1, respectively. These loci are syntenic to each other, thereby suggesting their orthology. The predicted primary sequences of Strg/Gpr88 proteins are highly conserved between human and rodents and show the highest level of homology to receptors for biogenic amines. However, Strg/Gpr88 lacks some residues conserved in all known biogenic amine receptors and hence may represent a novel subtype of GPCR. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that Strg/Gpr88 transcripts are expressed almost exclusively in striatum in both human and rodents. Remarkable conservation in primary structure and a unique expression pattern may indicate a role for Strg/Gpr88 in the fundamental functions of striatum such as the control of motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mizushima
- Division of Genome Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
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17
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Yoshioka T, Tsukahara F. [An application of fusion fluorescent proteins in the pharmacological study of intracellular protein trafficking]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2000; 116:36-42. [PMID: 10976451 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.116.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent proteins have expanded various aspects of biological research. Proteins fused to the fluorescent proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) provided researchers an opportunity to visualize the intracellular trafficking of proteins in living cells. The trafficking of proteins including that of steroid receptors involves dynamic interactions with cellular proteins such as heat shock proteins, immunophilins. Such interactions, which can be monitored by GFP fusion proteins, may be altered by pathophysiological conditions and by drugs. Thus, GFP fusion proteins may be applied to the investigations for the pharmacological manipulation of protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
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18
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Yoshioka T, Iwamoto N, Tsukahara F, Irie K, Urakawa I, Muraki T. Anti-NO action of carvedilol in cell-free system and in vascular endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 129:1530-5. [PMID: 10742311 PMCID: PMC1571989 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/1999] [Revised: 01/01/2000] [Accepted: 01/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Carvedilol, an adrenoceptor blocker with antioxidant activity, was studied for its ability to interact with NO in a cell-free condition and in an endothelial cell line (ECV304). 2. In a cell-free system, carvedilol attenuated NO-dependent reduction of carboxy-2-phenyl-4,4, 5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide induced by a NO donor, 1-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(aminopropyl)-3-isopropyl-1-triazene (NOC5), which was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry. The EPR study also showed that nitrosylhaemoglobin formation in rat red blood cells by the addition of NO-saturated solution was attenuated by prior incubation with 0.1 - 10 microM carvedilol. 3. NO-induced fluorescence in 4,5-diaminofluorescein-2 diacethyl (DAF-2DA)-loaded ECV304 cells was attenuated by carvedilol but not by labetalol. The IC(50) of carvedilol for NOC5 or sodium nitroprusside-induced fluorescence of DAF-2DA in ECV304 cells was 1. 0x10(-7) M, which was similar to the reported IC(50) of carvedilol for the antioxidant effect. 4. Cell toxicity induced by a NO donor determined by the number of viable cells after 24 h treatment with 2-2'(hydroxynitrosohydrazino)bis-ethanamine was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with 1 microM carvedilol. 5. Both free and cell-associated carvedilol quenched NO. Because NO mediates both physiological and pathophysiological processes, NO quenching by the drug may have diverse clinical implications depending upon specific functions of local NO in tissues where carvedilol is distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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19
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Abstract
Proteins with RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) participate in many aspects of RNA metabolism, and some of them are required for the accomplishment of normal development. The neuroblastoma apoptosis-related RNA binding protein (NAPOR) is an ELAV-type RNA-binding protein with three characteristic RNP2/RNP1-type RRMs, which we identified as a gene induced during apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. Here we isolated and characterized the cDNA for mNapor, the mouse homolog of NAPOR. The mNapor encodes mRNA sharing striking homology with that of NAPOR, not only in its open reading frame (98.5%) but also in the 3'-untranslated region (80.1%), and is mapped to chromosome 2 A2-A3, a region syntenic to the human NAPOR locus. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the expression pattern of mNapor is spatially and temporally coincident with the occurrence of programmed cell death, suggesting its involvement in the development of the central nervous system in which apoptosis plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Choi
- Human Genome Center, University of Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Tsukahara F, Uchida Y, Ohba K, Ogawa A, Yoshioka T, Muraki T. The effect of acute cold exposure and norepinephrine on uncoupling protein gene expression in brown adipose tissue of monosodium glutamate-obese mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998; 77:247-9. [PMID: 9717772 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.77.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) gene expression was studied in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obese mice. UCP mRNA levels in control mice increased markedly after acute cold exposure; however, MSG-obese mice showed an impaired response. In contrast, an injection of norepinephrine (NE) induced a comparable increase in UCP mRNA levels in control and MSG-obese mice. These results suggest that the impairment in the cold-induced increase in UCP mRNA is due to a deficient sympathetic input to BAT and/or to a diminished response of BAT to endogenous NE, which constitutes the mechanism of impaired thermoregulation in obese mice in a cold environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
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21
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Tsukahara F, Urakawa I, Hattori M, Hirai M, Ohba K, Yoshioka T, Sakaki Y, Muraki T. Molecular characterization of the mouse mtprd gene, a homologue of human TPRD: unique gene expression suggesting its critical role in the pathophysiology of Down syndrome. J Biochem 1998; 123:1055-63. [PMID: 9603993 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We and others recently isolated a human TPRD gene, possessing a motif of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), from the Down syndrome-critical region (DCR) of chromosome 21q22.2. In this study, we isolated a mouse homologue of TPRD cDNA, mtprd, and examined its expression profile in mouse embryos. The gene was mapped to mouse chromosome 16C3.3-4, consistent with the location of DCR, and encodes 1,979 amino acid residues with 76% identity to TPRD. The mtprd protein has three units of the TPR motif with 91% homology to TPRD. The protein also has two regions homologous to several matrix proteins with 86 and 70% identities to those of TPRD. Several splicing variants of the 5' portion of the open reading frame of mtprd were identified by RT-PCR and sequencing of mRNAs. In situ hybridization showed that mtprd is ubiquitously expressed in mouse embryos but predominantly in the central nervous system, including the telencephalon, mesencephalon, and metencephalon. These results suggest that the TPRD gene is one of the genes responsible for not only the morphological anomalies but also the neurological abnormalities observed in Down syndrome. The presence of splicing variants indicates that the protein may also have several isoforms in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
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22
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Irie K, Tsukahara F, Fujii E, Uchida Y, Yoshioka T, He WR, Shitashige M, Murota S, Muraki T. Cationic amino acid transporter-2 mRNA induction by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vascular endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 339:289-93. [PMID: 9473147 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis may be coupled to the activity of the cellular L-arginine transporter, namely the cationic amino acid transporter. The present study examined tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced alterations in the gene expression of the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) and NO production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In quiescent endothelial cells, CAT-1 mRNA expression, determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, was dominant to that of CAT-2. TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml for 1-24 h) induced a time-dependent increase in CAT-2 but not CAT-1 expression. Moreover, TNF-alpha (1-30 ng/ml) treatment for 6 h induced a concentration-dependent increase in CAT-2 mRNA expression. The upregulation of CAT-2 expression by TNF-alpha was associated with enhanced nitrite accumulation in the culture medium (70% increase compared with vehicle-treated cells at 24 h). Thus, induction of the cationic amino acid transporter may constitute one mechanism for the TNF-alpha-induced NO production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Irie
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.
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23
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Ohba K, Tsukahara F, Uchida Y, Ogawa A, Muraki T. Iodothyronine deiodinases in a mammalian hibernator, the chipmunk (Tamias asiaticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 1997; 118:391-6. [PMID: 9467891 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(97)00174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the activities of iodothyronine deiodinase, a key enzyme for thyroid hormone metabolism, in selected tissues of the chipmunk (Tamias asiaticus), a mammalian hibernator, of both sexes in the summer season. Reverse T3 5'-deiodinase (5'-D) activity was the highest in the liver followed by the kidney; T4 5'-D activity was the highest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and T3 5'-deiodinase (5-D) activity was the highest in the testes followed by the brain. Distributions of three types of deiodinase activities in liver kidney BAT, and brain were comparable to other mammals reported, except that the type III deiodinase was unique in testes. The 5'-D activity of liver and kidney of chipmunks was 52% and 24%, respectively, of male rats and the 5-D activity of brain and testes of chipmunks was 227% and 567%, respectively of male rats. In addition, the cold exposure increased BAT 5'-D activity in chipmunks as reported in the ground squirrels. Our results indicated that tissue distribution of deiodinases and response to cold exposure in BAT in hibernators are similar to nonhibernators. However, there was a quantitative difference of rT3 5'-D and T3 5-D activities in some tissues between chipmunks and rats, indicating different local thyroid hormone metabolisms in hibernators and nonhibernators.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohba
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Tsukahara F, Uchida Y, Ohba K, Nomoto T, Muraki T. Defective stimulation of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity by cold exposure and norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue of monosodium glutamate-obese mice. Horm Metab Res 1997; 29:496-500. [PMID: 9405975 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-979087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to examine the possible change in the thyroid hormone metabolism in the monosodium glutamate (MSG)-obese mice, we determined the iodothyronine deiodinase activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver and kidney of male and female mice. There was no significant difference in the type II thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (T4 5'DII) activity in BAT between MSG-obese and control mice when they were kept at the ambient temperature of 22 degrees C. T4 5'DII activity in BAT of control mice increased markedly after exposure to cold (4 degrees C) for 4 h; however, the extent of cold-induced increase in T4 5'DII activity in BAT of MSG-obese mice was greatly reduced. Injection of norepinephrine (NE) (0.8 mg/kg, s.c.) 4 h previously increased T4 5'DII activity in BAT of control mice, but NE-induced increase in T4 5'DII activity was also markedly reduced in BAT of MSG-obese mice. Both cold- and NE-induced increase in T4 5'DII activity was greater in female, although similar tendency was obtained in male mice. Type I 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine deiodinase (rT3 5'DI) activity of liver and kidney, and serum thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels in MSG-obese mice were essentially the same as those of the control male and female mice irrespective of cold exposure. These results suggest that defective stimulation of T4 5'DII activity of BAT by cold in the MSG-obese mice is due to deficient sympathetic input to BAT and/or to diminished response of BAT to NE, and may contribute to a possible cause of inability of MSG-obese mice to maintain body temperature under cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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25
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Uchida Y, Tsukahara F, Ohba K, Ogawa A, Irie K, Fujii E, Yoshimoto T, Yoshioka T, Muraki T. Nitric oxide mediates down regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in brown adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 335:235-43. [PMID: 9369379 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/cachectin suppresses lipoprotein lipase activity and its gene expression in brown adipocytes differentiated in culture. Recent evidence suggests that the effect of TNF-alpha over various cells is related to the enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO). The present study examined whether the suppressive effect of TNF-alpha on lipoprotein lipase activity is mediated by production of NO in the brown adipocytes. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay revealed that TNF-alpha caused a concentration- and time-dependent expression of inducible NO synthase in brown adipocytes. Increasing concentrations of TNF-alpha (0.5-50 ng/ml) for 24 h resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity with reciprocal increase in nitrite production in the medium. The suppressive effect of TNF-alpha on lipoprotein lipase activity was significantly prevented by NO synthase inhibitors, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and aminoguanidine, but not by D-NAME, an inactive isomer. Furthermore, 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, cell permeant cGMP, suppressed lipoprotein lipase activity and 1 H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, a selective inhibitor for soluble guanylate cyclase, restored the TNF-alpha-suppressed lipoprotein lipase activity. These results suggest that TNF-alpha stimulates brown adipocytes to express inducible NO synthase, followed by production of NO, which in turn mediates the suppressive effect of TNF-alpha on lipoprotein lipase activity. The effect of NO is mediated, at least partly, through production of cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.
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26
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Hattori M, Tsukahara F, Furuhata Y, Tanahashi H, Hirose M, Saito M, Tsukuni S, Sakaki Y. A novel method for making nested deletions and its application for sequencing of a 300 kb region of human APP locus. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25:1802-8. [PMID: 9108164 PMCID: PMC146645 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.9.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel in vitro method for making nested deletions and applied it to a large-scale DNA sequencing. A DNA fragment to be sequenced (up to 15 kb long) was cloned with a new vector possessing two unique Sfi I sites, digested by Sfi I and ligated to generate a large head-to-tail concatemer. The large concatemer was randomly fragmented by sonication and then redigested by Sfi I to separate insert and vector DNAs. The fragments of various length were then cloned into the other vector(s) specifically designed for selective cloning of insert-derived DNA fragments to generate a library of nested deletions. This method allowed a single person to generate >20 nested deletion libraries sufficient to cover 100 kb in a few days. We applied the method for sequencing of P1 clones and successfully determined the complete sequence of approximately 300 kb of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) locus on chromosome 21 with a redundancy of 3.8, reasonably low cost and very few gaps remaining to be closed. Development of some new instruments and software is also described which makes this method more applicable for large-scale sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hattori
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108, Japan
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27
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Uchida Y, Tsukahara F, Ohba K, Ogawa A, Nomoto T, Muraki T. Augmentation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced suppression of lipoprotein lipase by nitric oxide donors in cultured brown adipocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 813:369-72. [PMID: 9100908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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28
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Fujii E, Irie K, Uchida Y, Tsukahara F, Ohba K, Ogawa A, Muraki T. Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in vascular permeability in mouse skin. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 313:129-34. [PMID: 8905339 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether tolerance develops to the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in vascular permeability of mouse skin on pretreatment with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide-induced plasma extravasation was assessed by determining Pontamine sky blue dye accumulation in the skin where lipopolysaccharide was injected s.c. 2 h previously. When mice were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (0.15 mg/kg i.p.), the dye leakage induced by s.c. challenge with lipopolysaccharide (400 micrograms/site) was significantly, inhibited for 2-24 h after pretreatment, indicating the development of lipopolysaccharide tolerance. At 4 h after lipopolysaccharide (0.15 mg/kg i.p.), the dose-response curve of dye leakage against the challenge dose of lipopolysaccharide shifted about 2-fold to the higher dose. The dye leakage induced by lipopolysaccharide was inhibited by pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner (0.05-0.15 mg/kg i.p.). Lipopolysaccharide tolerance was not seen in adrenalectomized mice. When mice were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, at the same time, the hyporesponsiveness to lipopolysaccharide challenge disappeared. However, L-NAME was ineffective to inhibit the development of lipopolysaccharide tolerance when administered 24 h after lipopolysaccharide pretreatment or just before the lipopolysaccharide challenge. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 alpha but not interleukin-6 induced a similar hyporesponsiveness to lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that tolerance develops to the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in vascular permeability in mouse skin after a single lipopolysaccharide administration and that endogenous glucocorticoids and NO are necessary for induction of lipopolysaccharide tolerance. Hyporesponsiveness induced by lipopolysaccharide pretreatment may be mediated by production of some cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1 alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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29
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Tsukahara F, Hattori M, Muraki T, Sakaki Y. Identification and cloning of a novel cDNA belonging to tetratricopeptide repeat gene family from Down syndrome-critical region 21q22.2. J Biochem 1996; 120:820-7. [PMID: 8947847 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified and cloned a novel 9,078-bp cDNA, designated TPRDI, from the Down syndrome-critical region by exon trapping. The cDNA encodes a putative protein (TPRDI) of 2,025 amino acid residues. Two isoforms, TPRDII (8,992 bp) and TPRDIII (7,416 bp), were also isolated. TPRDII, which is probably an alternative splicing product from the TPRD gene transcript, encodes two large open reading frames (ORFs) of 200 amino acid residues and 1,792 amino acid residues, respectively. TPRDIII, which is probably generated by transcription from an alternative start site of the TPRD gene, encodes a putative protein of 1,715 amino acid residues (TPRDIII). Northern blot analysis revealed that TPRDI and its isoforms are present in 7-17 day mouse embryo and in all the human adult and fetal tissues examined. TPRDI has three units of a 34-amino-acid repeat similar to the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motif, which may mediate interaction with various proteins. A larger ORF encoded by TPRDII also has three units of TPR motif, but TPRDIII has only two-thirds of this motif unit. Thus, the TPRD gene may belong to the TPR gene family. Near-central and C terminal regions of TPRDs showed some homology to several matrix proteins such as trichohyalin and bullous pemphigoid antigen. It is possible that the TPRD gene is one of the genes whose overexpression causes several morphological anomalies observed in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College.
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30
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Uchida Y, Irie K, Tsukahara F, Ohba K, Ogawa A, Fujii E, Muraki T. Endothelin-1, but not endothelin-3, suppresses lipoprotein lipase gene expression in brown adipocytes differentiated in culture. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 291:33-41. [PMID: 8549645 DOI: 10.1016/0922-4106(95)90186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of endothelins on lipoprotein lipase activity and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels was studied in brown adipocytes differentiated in culture. Lipoprotein lipase activity was determined in two fractions; lipoprotein lipase released by heparin (10 IU/ml, 1 h) into the medium (heparin-releasable fraction) and lipoprotein lipase activity remaining in cells (extractable fraction). Time-course studies showed that endothelin 1 (10(-7) M) progressively decreased both lipoprotein lipase fractions (heparin-releasable, extractable), until nadir at 24 h. Endothelin-1 reduced both lipoprotein lipase activities (heparin-releasable, extractable) in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas endothelin-3 did not produce any significant changes in either of them. Northern blot analysis revealed that endothelin-1 (10(-7)-10(-11) M) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in lipoprotein lipase mRNA obtained from cells on day 9. Furthermore, pretreatment of brown adipocytes with endothelin ETA receptor antagonist FR139317 antagonized the endothelin-1-induced reduction of lipoprotein lipase activity and lipoprotein lipase mRNA. These results suggest that endothelin-1 decreases lipoprotein lipase activity by inhibiting the lipoprotein lipase gene expression in brown adipocytes differentiated in culture, possibly through endothelin ETA receptors on cell membranes. Because of marked reduction of lipoprotein lipase activity and its mRNA as a marker of adipogenic differentiation, endothelin-1 may have an inhibitory role in the differentiation of brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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31
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Fujii E, Irie K, Uchida Y, Tsukahara F, Muraki T. Possible role of nitric oxide in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced increase in vascular permeability in mouse skin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1994; 350:361-4. [PMID: 7531292 DOI: 10.1007/bf00178952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to test the hypothesis that a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced increase in vascular permeability results from a cascade triggered by activation of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), the vascular permeability was investigated using the Pontamine sky blue leakage method in male mice. Subcutaneous injection of 5-HT induced a dose-related increase of vascular permeability at the injection site. The vascular permeability induced by 5-HT was inhibited by pretreatment with intraperitoneal injection of ketanserin (5-HT2A antagonist) and methysergide (5-HT1/2A antagonist), less efficiently by 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl] piperazine (NAN-190) (5-HT1A antagonist), but not by granisetron (5-HT3 antagonist). Increase in vascular permeability induced by 5-HT was inhibited by concurrent intravenous administration of NO synthase inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and methylene blue but not by the inactive enantiomer NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME). These results suggest that 5-HT increases vascular permeability by activating the 5-HT receptors and that endogenous NO is involved in this effect of 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Muraki T, Uchida Y, Tsukahara F, Ohba K, Manno S. The effect of acute reserpine administration on the uncoupling protein mRNA levels in the mouse brown adipose tissue. Horm Metab Res 1994; 26:494-5. [PMID: 7851877 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Muraki
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Uchida Y, Tsukahara F, Irie K, Nomoto T, Muraki T. Possible involvement of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in modulating regional blood flow to brown adipose tissue of rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1994; 349:188-93. [PMID: 8170502 DOI: 10.1007/bf00169836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate whether the L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved in the regulation of regional blood flow to brown adipose tissue (BAT), the effects of two specific NO synthase inhibitors, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), on the blood flow to interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were studied in urethane-anesthetized rats. Regional blood flow in IBAT was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. An intravenous injection of L-NAME and L-NMMA, but not of either D-enantiomer, caused a transient and dose-dependent increase in IBAT blood flow. Dose-response curves for these NO synthase inhibitors showed that L-NAME was more potent than L-NMMA in increasing IBAT blood flow. We also observed a concomitant pressor effect accompanied by a slight decrease in heart rate following intravenous injection of L-NAME and L-NMMA. An elevation of IBAT blood flow and blood pressure induced by both L-NAME and L-NMMA was reversed by L-arginine in an enantiomerically specific manner. The increase in IBAT blood flow induced by NO synthase inhibitors was of shorter duration and less sensitive to L-arginine than the increase in blood pressure. Our results show that the IBAT blood flow is increased by inhibition of NO synthase and that the response of IBAT vasculature to NO synthase inhibitors is different from that of the resistance vessels which regulate blood pressure. The involvement of L-arginine-NO pathways in modulating microcirculation in IBAT is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Tsukahara F, Shibata Y, Muraki T, Nomoto T. Impairment of cold-induced increase in thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity in mouse brown adipose tissue by the intracerebroventricular administration of bombesin. Peptides 1992; 13:129-32. [PMID: 1620649 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(92)90151-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of bombesin on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thyroxine (T4) 5'-deiodinase (5'D) activity and rectal temperature were examined in male mice. Immediately following an intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intravenous (IV) injection of bombesin (0.1-100 ng/animal) or vehicle (20 mM bacitracin dissolved in 0.9% saline), the mice were placed in a room at 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C for 30, 60, 120 or 240 min. The ICV injection of bombesin dose-dependently lessened cold-induced increase in BAT 5'D activity and increased hypothermia determined at 120 min of cold exposure, whereas the IV injection of bombesin was without effect. Bombesin (ICV)-induced hypothermia preceded the inhibition of BAT 5'D activity by at least 30 min at 4 degrees C. BAT 5'D activity was not affected by ICV injection of bombesin in mice kept at 22 degrees C, although the rectal temperature was significantly decreased. Bombesin thus appears to prevent cold-induced increase in T4 5'D activity in mouse BAT by its central effect. Bombesin-induced excessive hypothermia itself and/or the decrease in sympathetic tone of BAT by bombesin might decrease cold-induced increase in BAT 5'D activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Muraki T, Tsukahara F, Fujii E, Nomoto T. Alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation of iodide organification in mouse thyroid--inhibition by protein kinase C inhibitors. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1991; 314:122-32. [PMID: 1688097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Using mouse thyroid lobes incubated in vitro, a study was made of the subtype of alpha-adrenoceptors involved in iodide organification, induced by norepinephrine, and the possible role of protein kinase C in mediating the effect of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine and phenylephrine, alpha 1-agonists, increased the iodide organification in mouse thyroid lobes; however, clonidine, and alpha 2-agonist, showed a marginal effect. Prazosin, an alpha 1-blocker, but not yohimbine, an alpha 2-blocker, inhibited the norepinephrine-induced iodide organification. These results suggest the involvement of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. The stimulation of the iodide organification, induced by norepinephrine, was inhibited by omission of calcium from the medium and by protein kinase C inhibitors such as H 7, quercetin and trifluoperazine, but not by W-7, a calmodulin antagonist. Since tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, a stimulator of protein kinase C, mimicked the effect of norepinephrine in increasing iodide organification, extracellular calcium ion and protein kinase C would appear essential to the alpha 1-adrenergically regulated iodide organification in mouse thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muraki
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Tsukahara F, Muraki T, Nomoto T. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and activity of iodothyronine deiodinase in peripheral tissues of the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus. J Endocrinol 1990; 125:117-22. [PMID: 2338528 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1250117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and the properties of iodothyronine deiodinase in tissues of the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus, were examined and compared with those of the rat. Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine (rT3) were higher, while the serum concentration of 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3) was lower in the shrew than in the rat. Among liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, brown adipose tissue (BAT), spleen, lung, testes and thymus homogenates of the shrew, T(4)5'-deiodinase (5'D) activity was highest in BAT, and rT3 5'D activity was highest in both the liver and BAT. Intermediate or low T3 5-deiodinase activity was noted in all tissues examined. Activity of 5'D for T4 and rT3 in liver and kidney was much lower, while that of BAT was much higher in the shrew than in the rat. Liver and kidney 5'D may be type-I and that of BAT may be type-II in the shrew, judging from its response to 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil and iopanoic acid and substrate preference. Thus 5'D of the shrew was similar to that of the rat in type, but was different with respect to its activity in some peripheral tissues. This difference may have relevance to the low T3 state of the shrew.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Abstract
The effect of pretreatment with reserpine (1 mg kg-1 i.p. daily for 7 days) on the regulation of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5'D) in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been examined. 5'D activity of BAT homogenate was assessed by the in-vitro formation of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine from thyroxine and 3,3'-diiodothyronine from 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in the presence of 20 mM dithiothreitol. Reserpine treatment decreased the stimulation of BAT 5'D induced by acute cold exposure (4 degrees C, 2 h) without a significant decrease in the basal 5'D activity, whereas stimulation of BAT 5'D elicited by noradrenaline (0.4 and 0.8 mg kg-1 s.c. 2 h previously) was not augmented after reserpine treatment. Although both noradrenaline and acute cold exposure increase BAT 5'D through alpha 1-adrenoceptors, our results show that chronic reserpine treatment prevents the effect of cold, but does not induce alpha 1-adrenoceptor supersensitivity in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muraki
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Abstract
To characterize rT3 5'-deiodinase (5'D) in rat skeletal muscle, the effects of altered thyroid status and PTU on rT3 5'D were studied. rT3 5'D activity was measured by incubating homogenates of rat skeletal muscle with [125]rT3, iodine labelled in the outer ring, in the presence of 20 mmol/l DL-dithiothreitol. This activity was observed to increase significantly 24 h after a single sc injection of T3 (75 micrograms/kg). The increase following the daily administration of this drug (15 or 75 micrograms/kg) for 3 and 14 days was dependent on the dose and number of previous days of injection. A significant decrease in activity was observed 2 weeks after thyroidectomy. The addition of 0.1 mmol/l 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) to the incubation medium in vitro caused a marked reduction in the activity in homogenates of skeletal muscle from hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. PTU, present at 0.05% in the drinking water for 2 weeks virtually abolished it. The properties of rT3 5'D in rat skeletal muscle thus appear to be essentially the same as those of type I enzyme with respect to response toward altered thyroid status and PTU.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Abstract
The present study deals with the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital (Pento) in relation to its metabolism in hepatic microsomes in streptozotocin (STZ, 170 mg/kg, i.p.) injected mice. Liver weight (mg/10 g body wt.) of STZ-treated mice was larger than that of the controls throughout the experimental period. Although the shortening of sleeping time induced by Pento (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was always observed, Pento-metabolizing enzyme activity (by the method of Kato et al., 1964) increased in mice with diabetes for 2 and 4 weeks but decreased in mice with diabetes for 8 weeks. Induction following phenobarbital (100 mg/kg, s.c.) and inhibition by SKF 525-A (10 mg/kg, i.p.) of hepatic metabolizing enzyme were found in both control and mice with diabetes for 2, 4 and 8 weeks, but these were not definitely correlated to their hepatic Pento-metabolizing enzyme activities. STZ-induced hyperglycemia and shortening of sleeping time by Pento were completely prevented by the pretreatment with nicotinamide (500 mg/kg, i.p.). NPH-insulin injection partially decreased hyperglycemia in STZ-diabetic mice, but sleeping time by Pento was not significantly affected. These results suggest that the hyposensitivity to Pento in STZ-diabetic mice is partially related to an abnormality of metabolism in liver such as the hyperglycemic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Adachi T, Maeda M, Nomoto T, Tsukahara F, Sakamoto S, Takeda Y. In vitro study on thyroid hormone metabolism of human placenta in early pregnancy. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 12:385-93. [PMID: 3778319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1986.tb00209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Fujii E, Tsukahara F, Nomoto T. Effects of nicotinamide and insulin on glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose in thyroidectomized streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1982; 32:903-7. [PMID: 6217365 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.32.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the effects of nicotinamide and insulin on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and blood glucose in thyroidectomized streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic male rats. Nicotinamide (500 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) significantly decreased the levels of HbA1 and blood glucose in both STZ-treated (65 mg/kg body wt., i.v.) intact and STZ-treated thyroidectomized animals. Administration of NPH-insulin recovered hyperglycemia, and the increased HbA1 in thyroidectomized STZ-diabetic rats to control levels.
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Fujii E, Tsukahara F, Nomoto T. [Changes in glucose metabolism and cardiovascular responses in thyroidectomized streptozotocin treated diabetic rats (author's transl)]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1982; 79:33-41. [PMID: 6460672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two weeks after streptozotocin i.v. injection, changes in glucose metabolism, levels of serum and urinary calcium, magnesium and copper, and cardiovascular responses were investigated in thyroidectomized streptozotocin treated diabetic rats. These parameters were compared to those of intact rats. Serum and urinary calcium, magnesium and copper concentrations were not influenced by thyroidectomy. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) in thyroidectomized streptozotocin treated diabetic rats was higher than that in those which were thyroidectomized alone. In thyroidectomized rats that induction of hyperglycemia required dose of streptozotocin than for intact rats. Norepinephrine (0.3125, 0.625, 1.25 micrograms/kg i.v.)-induced pressor response and ACh (0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 micrograms/kg i.v)-induced depressor responses were both reduced in streptozotocin treated diabetic rats. These reduced pressor and depressor responses tended to recover after thyroidectomy. These results suggest that hypothyroid states may partially improve glucose metabolism and cardiovascular responses in streptozotocin treated diabetic rats.
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