1
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Arrazola Sastre A, Luque Montoro M, Llavero F, Zugaza JL. Amyloid β 1-42 Oligomers Induce Galectin-1 S8 O-GlcNAcylation Leading to Microglia Migration. Cells 2023; 12:1876. [PMID: 37508540 PMCID: PMC10378097 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The O-GlcNAcylation of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) regulates both the trafficking and the processing of the APP through the amyloidogenic pathway, resulting in the release and aggregation of the Aβ1-42 peptide. Microglia clears Aβ aggregates and dead cells to maintain brain homeostasis. Here, using LC-MS/MS, we revealed that the Aβ1-42 oligomers modify the microglia O-GlcNAcome. We identified 55 proteins, focusing our research on Galectin-1 protein since it is a very versatile protein from a functional point of view. Combining biochemical with genetic approaches, we demonstrated that Aβ1-42 oligomers specifically target Galectin-1S8 O-GlcNAcylation via OGT. In addition to this, the Gal-1-O-GlcNAcylated form, in turn, controls human microglia migration. Given the importance of microglia migration in the progression of AD, this study reports the relationship between the Aβ1-42 oligomers and Serine 8-O-GlcNAcylation of Galectin-1 to drive microglial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alazne Arrazola Sastre
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Miriam Luque Montoro
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisco Llavero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José L Zugaza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Deciphering actin remodelling in immune cells through the prism of actin-related inborn errors of immunity. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151283. [PMID: 36525824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodelling drives cell motility, cell to cell contacts, as well as membrane and organelle dynamics. Those cellular activities operate at a particularly high pace in immune cells since these cells migrate through various tissues, interact with multiple cellular partners, ingest microorganisms and secrete effector molecules. The central and multifaceted role of actin cytoskeleton remodelling in sustaining immune cell tasks in humans is highlighted by rare inborn errors of immunity due to mutations in genes encoding proximal and distal actin regulators. In line with the specificity of some of the actin-based processes at work in immune cells, the expression of some of the affected genes, such as WAS, ARPC1B and HEM1 is restricted to the hematopoietic compartment. Exploration of these natural deficiencies highlights the fact that the molecular control of actin remodelling is tuned distinctly in the various subsets of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells and sustains different networks associated with a vast array of specialized tasks. Furthermore, defects in individual actin remodelling proteins are usually associated with partial cellular impairments highlighting the plasticity of actin cytoskeleton remodelling. This review covers the roles of disease-associated actin regulators in promoting the actin-based processes of immune cells. It focuses on the specific molecular function of those regulators across various immune cell subsets and in response to different stimuli. Given the fact that numerous immune-related actin defects have only been characterized recently, we further discuss the challenges lying ahead to decipher the underlying patho-mechanisms.
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3
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Niu C, Xiong Y, Yang L, Xiao X, Yang S, Huang Z, Yang Y, Feng L. Carboxy-terminal telopeptide levels of type I collagen hydrogels modulated the encapsulated cell fate for regenerative medicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:826-837. [PMID: 36566813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment has a profound impact on cell proliferation, interaction, and differentiation. In cell encapsulation for disease therapy, type I collagen is an important biomaterial due to its ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. Telopeptides (carboxy-terminal, CTX, and amino-terminal, NTX) protruding from the triple helix structure of type I collagen are cross-link sites, but also mediate the signal transmission in tissue homeostasis. It is worth investigating the features of the hydrogel microenvironment shaped by the tissue-derived type I collagen with various telopeptide levels, which is paramount for encapsulated cell development. Here, we found the fate of encapsulated human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) behaved differently towards decreasing CTX levels in the collagen hydrogels. Even among collagen hydrogels with a small magnitude of CTX variation, similar stiffness and microstructure, the apparent CTX modulation on the proliferation, cell-interaction, and genes expression of encapsulated hADSCs, as well as morphology and tubule structure formation of endothelial cells were observed, suggesting the biological roles of CTX and its modulation on microenvironment for cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Niu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Periodical Press, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchu Yang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Yon C, Thompson DA, Jude JA, Panettieri RA, Rastogi D. Crosstalk between CD4 + T Cells and Airway Smooth Muscle in Pediatric Obesity-related Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:461-474. [PMID: 36194662 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0985oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pediatric obesity-related asthma is a nonatopic asthma phenotype with high disease burden and few effective therapies. RhoGTPase upregulation in peripheral blood T helper (Th) cells is associated with the phenotype, but the mechanisms that underlie this association are not known. Objectives: To investigate the mechanisms by which upregulation of CDC42 (Cell Division Cycle 42), a RhoGTPase, in Th cells is associated with airway smooth muscle (ASM) biology. Methods: Chemotaxis of obese asthma and healthy-weight asthma Th cells, and their adhesion to obese and healthy-weight nonasthmatic ASM, was investigated. Transcriptomics and proteomics were used to determine the differential effect of obese and healthy-weight asthma Th cell adhesion to obese or healthy-weight ASM biology. Measurements and Main Results: Chemotaxis of obese asthma Th cells with CDC42 upregulation was resistant to CDC42 inhibition. Obese asthma Th cells were more adherent to obese ASM compared with healthy-weight asthma Th cells to healthy-weight ASM. Compared with coculture with healthy-weight ASM, obese asthma Th cell coculture with obese ASM was positively enriched for genes and proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton organization, transmembrane receptor protein kinase signaling, and cell mitosis, and negatively enriched for extracellular matrix organization. Targeted gene evaluation revealed upregulation of IFNG, TNF (tumor necrosis factor), and Cluster of Differentiation 247 (CD247) among Th cell genes, and of Ak strain transforming (AKT), Ras homolog family member A (RHOA), and CD38, with downregulation of PRKCA (Protein kinase C-alpha), among smooth muscle genes. Conclusions: Obese asthma Th cells have uninhibited chemotaxis and are more adherent to obese ASM, which is associated with upregulation of genes and proteins associated with smooth muscle proliferation and reciprocal nonatopic Th cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsuek Yon
- Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; and
| | - David A Thompson
- Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; and
| | - Joseph A Jude
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; and
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5
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Delgado M, Lennon-Duménil AM. How cell migration helps immune sentinels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:932472. [PMID: 36268510 PMCID: PMC9577558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.932472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system relies on the migratory capacity of its cellular components, which must be mobile in order to defend the host from invading micro-organisms or malignant cells. This applies in particular to immune sentinels from the myeloid lineage, i.e. macrophages and dendritic cells. Cell migration is already at work during mammalian early development, when myeloid cell precursors migrate from the yolk sac, an extra embryonic structure, to colonize tissues and form the pool of tissue-resident macrophages. Later, this is accompanied by a migration wave of precursors and monocytes from the bone marrow to secondary lymphoid organs and the peripheral tissues. They differentiate into DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages. During adult life, cell migration endows immune cells with the ability to patrol their environment as well as to circulate between peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs. Hence migration of immune cells is key to building an efficient defense system for an organism. In this review, we will describe how cell migratory capacity regulates the various stages in the life of myeloid cells from development to tissue patrolling, and migration to lymph nodes. We will focus on the role of the actin cytoskeletal machinery and its regulators, and how it contributes to the establishment and function of the immune system.
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6
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Thompson SB, Waldman MM, Jacobelli J. Polymerization power: effectors of actin polymerization as regulators of T lymphocyte migration through complex environments. FEBS J 2022; 289:6154-6171. [PMID: 34273243 PMCID: PMC8761786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During their life span, T cells are tasked with patrolling the body for potential pathogens. To do so, T cells migrate through numerous distinct anatomical sites and tissue environments with different biophysical characteristics. To migrate through these different environments, T cells use various motility strategies that rely on actin network remodeling to generate shape changes and mechanical forces. In this review, we initially discuss the migratory journey of T cells and then cover the actin polymerization effectors at play in T cells, and finally, we focus on the function of these effectors of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in mediating T-cell migration through diverse tissue environments. Specifically, we will discuss the current state of the field pertaining to our understanding of the roles in T-cell migration played by members of the three main families of actin polymerization machinery: the Arp2/3 complex; formin proteins; and Ena/VASP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Thompson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Monique M. Waldman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine
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7
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Du W, Nair P, Johnston A, Wu PH, Wirtz D. Cell Trafficking at the Intersection of the Tumor-Immune Compartments. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 24:275-305. [PMID: 35385679 PMCID: PMC9811395 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110320-110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Migration is an essential cellular process that regulates human organ development and homeostasis as well as disease initiation and progression. In cancer, immune and tumor cell migration is strongly associated with immune cell infiltration, immune escape, and tumor cell metastasis, which ultimately account for more than 90% of cancer deaths. The biophysics and molecular regulation of the migration of cancer and immune cells have been extensively studied separately. However, accumulating evidence indicates that, in the tumor microenvironment, the motilities of immune and cancer cells are highly interdependent via secreted factors such as cytokines and chemokines. Tumor and immune cells constantly express these soluble factors, which produce a tightly intertwined regulatory network for these cells' respective migration. A mechanistic understanding of the reciprocal regulation of soluble factor-mediated cell migration can provide critical information for the development of new biomarkers of tumor progression and of tumor response to immuno-oncological treatments. We review the biophysical andbiomolecular basis for the migration of immune and tumor cells and their associated reciprocal regulatory network. We also describe ongoing attempts to translate this knowledge into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Du
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Praful Nair
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian Johnston
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Sun J, Zhong X, Fu X, Miller H, Lee P, Yu B, Liu C. The Actin Regulators Involved in the Function and Related Diseases of Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:799309. [PMID: 35371070 PMCID: PMC8965893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an important cytoskeletal protein involved in signal transduction, cell structure and motility. Actin regulators include actin-monomer-binding proteins, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins, nucleation proteins, actin filament polymerases and severing proteins. This group of proteins regulate the dynamic changes in actin assembly/disassembly, thus playing an important role in cell motility, intracellular transport, cell division and other basic cellular activities. Lymphocytes are important components of the human immune system, consisting of T-lymphocytes (T cells), B-lymphocytes (B cells) and natural killer cells (NK cells). Lymphocytes are indispensable for both innate and adaptive immunity and cannot function normally without various actin regulators. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structure and fundamental functions of a variety of well-known and newly discovered actin regulators, then we highlight the role of actin regulators in T cell, B cell and NK cell, and finally provide a landscape of various diseases associated with them. This review provides new directions in exploring actin regulators and promotes more precise and effective treatments for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Kamnev A, Lacouture C, Fusaro M, Dupré L. Molecular Tuning of Actin Dynamics in Leukocyte Migration as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750537. [PMID: 34867982 PMCID: PMC8634686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility is a crucial activity of immune cells allowing them to patrol tissues as they differentiate, sample or exchange information, and execute their effector functions. Although all immune cells are highly migratory, each subset is endowed with very distinct motility patterns in accordance with functional specification. Furthermore individual immune cell subsets adapt their motility behaviour to the surrounding tissue environment. This review focuses on how the generation and adaptation of diversified motility patterns in immune cells is sustained by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we review the knowledge gained through the study of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) related to actin defects. Such pathologies are unique models that help us to uncover the contribution of individual actin regulators to the migration of immune cells in the context of their development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire De Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université De Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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10
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Abstract
Ras homology (RHO) GTPases are signalling proteins that have crucial roles in triggering multiple immune functions. Through their interactions with a broad range of effectors and kinases, they regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, cell polarity and the trafficking and proliferation of immune cells. The activity and localization of RHO GTPases are highly controlled by classical families of regulators that share consensus motifs. In this Review, we describe the recent discovery of atypical modulators and partners of RHO GTPases, which bring an additional layer of regulation and plasticity to the control of RHO GTPase activities in the immune system. Furthermore, the development of large-scale genetic screening has now enabled researchers to identify dysregulation of RHO GTPase signalling pathways as a cause of many immune system-related diseases. We discuss the mutations that have been identified in RHO GTPases and their signalling circuits in patients with rare diseases. The discoveries of new RHO GTPase partners and genetic mutations in RHO GTPase signalling hubs have uncovered unsuspected layers of crosstalk with other signalling pathways and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for patients affected by complex immune or broader syndromes.
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11
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Dupré L, Boztug K, Pfajfer L. Actin Dynamics at the T Cell Synapse as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665519. [PMID: 34249918 PMCID: PMC8266300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is composed of dynamic filament networks that build adaptable local architectures to sustain nearly all cellular activities in response to a myriad of stimuli. Although the function of numerous players that tune actin remodeling is known, the coordinated molecular orchestration of the actin cytoskeleton to guide cellular decisions is still ill defined. T lymphocytes provide a prototypical example of how a complex program of actin cytoskeleton remodeling sustains the spatio-temporal control of key cellular activities, namely antigen scanning and sensing, as well as polarized delivery of effector molecules, via the immunological synapse. We here review the unique knowledge on actin dynamics at the T lymphocyte synapse gained through the study of primary immunodeficiences caused by mutations in genes encoding actin regulatory proteins. Beyond the specific roles of individual actin remodelers, we further develop the view that these operate in a coordinated manner and are an integral part of multiple signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
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12
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Llavero F, Arrazola Sastre A, Luque Montoro M, Martín MA, Arenas J, Lucia A, Zugaza JL. Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily and glycogen phosphorylase regulation in T cells. Small GTPases 2021; 12:106-113. [PMID: 31512989 PMCID: PMC7849735 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1665968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases, together with their regulatory and effector molecules, are key intermediaries in the complex signalling pathways that control almost all cellular processes, working as molecular switches to transduce extracellular cues into cellular responses that drive vital functions, such as intracellular transport, biomolecule synthesis, gene activation and cell survival. How all of these networks are linked to metabolic pathways is a subject of intensive study. Because any response to cellular action requires some form of energy input, elucidating how cells coordinate the signals that lead to a tangible response involving metabolism is central to understand cellular activities. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of the crosstalk between small GTPases of the Ras superfamily, specifically Rac1 and Ras/Rap1, and glycogen phosphorylase in T lymphocytes. Abbreviations: ADCY: adenylyl cyclase; ADCY6: adenylyl cyclase 6; BCR: B cell receptor; cAMP: 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CRIB: Cdc42/Rac binding domain; DLPFC: dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; Epac2: exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; GDP: guanodine-5'-diphosphate; GPCRs: G protein-coupled receptors; GTP: guanodin-5'-triphosphate; IL2: interleukin 2; IL2-R: interleukin 2 receptor; JAK: janus kinases; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; O-GlcNAc: O-glycosylation; PAK1: p21 activated kinase 1; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PK: phosphorylase kinase; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase A; PKCθ: protein kinase Cθ; PLCγ: phospholipase Cγ; Src: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase c; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Llavero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alazne Arrazola Sastre
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Miriam Luque Montoro
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín
- Enfermedades Raras, Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares., Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Enfermedades Raras, Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares., Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Enfermedades Raras, Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares., Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBER FES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Zugaza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Guo F. RhoA and Cdc42 in T cells: Are they targetable for T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases? PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 4:56-61. [PMID: 33842837 PMCID: PMC8023016 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many inflammatory diseases are not curable, necessitating a better understanding of their pathobiology that may help identify novel biological targets. RhoA and Cdc42 of Rho family small GTPases regulate a variety of cellular functions such as actin cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Recent characterization of mouse models of conditional gene knockout of RhoA and Cdc42 has revealed their physiological and cell type-specific roles in a number of cell types. In T lymphocytes, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of most, if not all, of the inflammatory diseases, we and others have investigated the effects of T cell-specific knockout of RhoA and Cdc42 on T cell development in the thymus, peripheral T cell homeostasis, activation, and differentiation to effector and regulatory T cells, and on T cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation and colitis. Here we highlight the phenotypes resulting from RhoA and Cdc42 deletion in T cells and discuss whether pharmacological targeting of RhoA and Cdc42 is feasible in treating asthma that is driven by allergic airway inflammation and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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14
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Sun X, Wei Y, Lee PP, Ren B, Liu C. The role of WASp in T cells and B cells. Cell Immunol 2019; 341:103919. [PMID: 31047647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a form of primary immunodeficiency (PIDs) resulting from mutations of the gene that encodes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). WASp is the first identified and most widely studied protein belonging to the actin nucleation-promoting factor family and plays significant role in integrating and transforming signals from critical receptors on the cell surface to actin remodeling. WASp functions in immune defense and homeostasis through the regulation of actin cytoskeleton-dependent cellular processes as well as processes uncoupled with actin polymerization like nuclear transcription programs. In this article, we review the mechanisms of WASp activation through an understanding of its structure. We further discuss the role of WASp in adaptive immunity, paying special attention to some recent findings on the crucial role of WASp in the formation of immunological synapse, the regulation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and in the prevention of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Wei
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pamela P Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Liu S, Liu Y, Jiang L, Li Z, Lee S, Liu C, Wang J, Zhang J. Recombinant human BMP-2 accelerates the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the CDC42/PAK1/LIMK1 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:362-372. [PMID: 30484785 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are widely used for bone regeneration and fracture repair. The migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into bone defect sites or material implantation sites, and their differentiation into osteoblasts, is central to the fracture healing process, and the directional migration of BMSCs depends on cytokines or chemokines at the defect site. BMP-2 can stimulate the migration of a variety of cells, but it remains unclear whether BMSC migration can be induced. To provide evidence for BMP-2-induced BMSC migration, we tested the cytoskeletal changes and migration ability of BMSCs after treatment with recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2). We also explored the recruitment of BMSCs from the circulatory system using a collagen sponge incorporating rhBMP-2 that was implanted in vivo. Furthermore, to understand the mechanism underlying this migration, we investigated the effect of rhBMP-2 on migration-related signal pathways. Here, we found that, rhBMP-2 treatment significantly increased the migration of BMSCs in vitro via activation of the CDC42/PAK1/LIMK1 pathway, and that this migration could be blocked by silencing CDC42. In vivo, collagen sponge material loaded with rhBMP-2 could recruit BMSCs injected into the circulatory system. Moreover, inhibition using the small interfering RNA for CDC42 led to a significant decrease in the number of BMSCs within the material. In conclusion, our data prove that rhBMP-2 can accelerate BMSC migration via the CDC42/PAK1/LIMK1 pathway both in vivo and in vitro, and therefore provides a foundation for further understanding and application of rhBMP-2-incorporated materials by enhancing BMSC recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030 People's Republic of China.
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16
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T-cell defects in patients with ARPC1B germline mutations account for combined immunodeficiency. Blood 2018; 132:2362-2374. [PMID: 30254128 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-863431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ARPC1B is a key factor for the assembly and maintenance of the ARP2/3 complex that is involved in actin branching from an existing filament. Germline biallelic mutations in ARPC1B have been recently described in 6 patients with clinical features of combined immunodeficiency (CID), whose neutrophils and platelets but not T lymphocytes were studied. We hypothesized that ARPC1B deficiency may also lead to cytoskeleton and functional defects in T cells. We have identified biallelic mutations in ARPC1B in 6 unrelated patients with early onset disease characterized by severe infections, autoimmune manifestations, and thrombocytopenia. Immunological features included T-cell lymphopenia, low numbers of naïve T cells, and hyper-immunoglobulin E. Alteration in ARPC1B protein structure led to absent/low expression by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. This molecular defect was associated with the inability of patient-derived T cells to extend an actin-rich lamellipodia upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and to assemble an immunological synapse. ARPC1B-deficient T cells additionally displayed impaired TCR-mediated proliferation and SDF1-α-directed migration. Gene transfer of ARPC1B in patients' T cells using a lentiviral vector restored both ARPC1B expression and T-cell proliferation in vitro. In 2 of the patients, in vivo somatic reversion restored ARPC1B expression in a fraction of lymphocytes and was associated with a skewed TCR repertoire. In 1 revertant patient, memory CD8+ T cells expressing normal levels of ARPC1B displayed improved T-cell migration. Inherited ARPC1B deficiency therefore alters T-cell cytoskeletal dynamics and functions, contributing to the clinical features of CID.
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Esmaeilzadeh H, Bordbar MR, Dastsooz H, Silawi M, Fard MAF, Adib A, Kafashan A, Tabatabaei Z, Sadeghipour F, Faghihi MA. A novel splice site mutation in WAS gene in patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and chronic colitis: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:123. [PMID: 30029636 PMCID: PMC6054734 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked recessive immunodeficiency due to mutations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) gene. WAS gene is encoded for a multifunctional protein with key roles in actin polymerization, signaling pathways, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Therefore, the impaired protein or its absence cause phenotypic spectrum of the disease. Since identification of novel mutations in WAS gene can help uncover the exact pathogenesis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, the purpose of this study was to investigate disease causing-mutation in an Iranian male infant suspicious of this disorder. CASE PRESENTATION The patient had persistent thrombocytopenia from birth, sepsis, and recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding suggestive of both Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and chronic colitis in favor of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To find mutated gene in the proband, whole exome sequencing was performed for the patient and its data showed a novel, private, hemizygous splice site mutation in WAS gene (c.360 + 1G > C). CONCLUSIONS Our study found a novel, splice-site mutation in WAS gene and help consider the genetic counselling more precisely for families with clinical phenotypes of both Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease and may suggest linked pathways between these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Esmaeilzadeh
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Dastsooz
- Persian Bayan Gene Research and Training Institute, Faghihi Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mohammad Silawi
- Persian Bayan Gene Research and Training Institute, Faghihi Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Farazi Fard
- Persian Bayan Gene Research and Training Institute, Faghihi Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Adib
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kafashan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Tabatabaei
- Persian Bayan Gene Research and Training Institute, Faghihi Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Sadeghipour
- Persian Bayan Gene Research and Training Institute, Faghihi Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Persian Bayan Gene Research and Training Institute, Faghihi Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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18
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Duke-Cohan JS, Ishikawa Y, Yoshizawa A, Choi YI, Lee CN, Acuto O, Kissler S, Reinherz EL. Regulation of thymocyte trafficking by Tagap, a GAP domain protein linked to human autoimmunity. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/534/eaan8799. [PMID: 29895617 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple autoimmune pathologies are associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the human gene TAGAP, which encodes TAGAP, a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein. We showed in mice that Tagap-mediated signaling by the sema3E/plexin-D1 ligand-receptor complex attenuates thymocytes' adhesion to the cortex through their β1-containing integrins. By promoting thymocyte detachment within the cortex of the thymus, Tagap-mediated signaling enabled their translocation to the medulla, which is required for continued thymic selection. Tagap physically interacted with the cytoplasmic domain of plexin-D1 and directly stimulated the activity and signaling of the GTPase RhoA. In addition, Tagap indirectly mediated the activation of Cdc42 in response to the binding of sema3E to plexin-D1. Both RhoA and Cdc42 are key mediators of cytoskeletal and integrin dynamics in thymocytes. Knockdown of Tagap in mice suppressed the sema3E- and plexin-D1-mediated release of thymocytes that adhered within the cortex through β1-containing integrins. This suppression led to the impaired translocation of thymocytes from the cortex to the medulla and resulted in the formation of ectopic medullary structures within the thymic cortex. Our results suggest that TAGAP variation modulates the risk of autoimmunity by altering thymocyte migration during thymic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Duke-Cohan
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Immunobiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Akihiro Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Young-Il Choi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chin-Nien Lee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Immunobiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Oreste Acuto
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Immunobiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Switching between individual and collective motility in B lymphocytes is controlled by cell-matrix adhesion and inter-cellular interactions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5800. [PMID: 29643414 PMCID: PMC5895587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes alternate between phases of individual migration across tissues and phases of clustering during activation and function. The range of lymphocyte motility behaviors and the identity of the factors that govern them remain elusive. To explore this point, we here collected unprecedented statistics pertaining to cell displacements, cell:matrix and cell:cell interactions using a model B cell line as well as primary human B lymphocytes. At low cell density, individual B lymphocytes displayed a high heterogeneity in their speed and diffusivity. Beyond this intrinsic variability, B lymphocytes adapted their motility to the composition of extra-cellular matrix, adopting slow persistent walks over collagen IV and quick Brownian walks over fibronectin. At high cell density, collagen IV favored the self-assembly of B lymphocytes into clusters endowed with collective coordination, while fibronectin stimulated individual motility. We show that this behavioral plasticity is controlled by acto-myosin dependent adhesive and Arp2/3-dependent protrusive actin pools, respectively. Our study reveals the adaptive nature of B lymphocyte motility and group dynamics, which are shaped by an interplay between and cell:matrix and cell:cell interactions.
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20
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Kalim KW, Yang JQ, Li Y, Meng Y, Zheng Y, Guo F. Reciprocal Regulation of Glycolysis-Driven Th17 Pathogenicity and Regulatory T Cell Stability by Cdc42. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2313-2326. [PMID: 29440353 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A balance between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is important for host immunity and immune tolerance. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we have identified Cdc42 as a central regulator of Th17/Treg balance. Deletion of Cdc42 in T cells enhanced Th17 differentiation but diminished induced Treg differentiation and suppressive function. Treg-specific deletion of Cdc42 decreased natural Tregs but increased effector T cells including Th17 cells. Notably, Cdc42-deficient Th17 cells became pathogenic associated with enhanced glycolysis and Cdc42-deficient Tregs became unstable associated with weakened glycolytic signaling. Inhibition of glycolysis in Cdc42-deficient Th17 cells diminished their pathogenicity and restoration of glycolysis in Cdc42-deficient Tregs rescued their instability. Intriguingly, Cdc42 deficiency in T cells led to exacerbated wasting disease in mouse models of colitis and Treg-specific deletion of Cdc42 caused early, fatal lymphoproliferative diseases. In summary, we show that Cdc42 is a bona fide regulator of peripheral tolerance through suppression of Th17 aberrant differentiation/pathogenicity and promotion of Treg differentiation/stability/function involving metabolic signaling and thus Cdc42 pathway might be harnessed in autoimmune disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid W Kalim
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Jun-Qi Yang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229.,Key Laboratory for Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China; and
| | - Yuan Li
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Yan Meng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
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21
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Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2017; 38:13-27. [PMID: 29086100 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder originally described by Dr. Alfred Wiskott in 1937 and Dr. Robert Aldrich in 1954 as a familial disease characterized by infections, bleeding tendency, and eczema. Today, it is well recognized that the syndrome has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild, isolated thrombocytopenia to full-blown presentation that can be complicated by life-threatening hemorrhages, immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and cancer. The pathophysiology of classic and emerging features is being elucidated by clinical studies, but remains incompletely defined, which hinders the application of targeted therapies. At the same time, progress of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy offer optimistic prospects for treatment options aimed at the replacement of the defective lymphohematopoietic system that have the potential to provide a cure for this rare and polymorphic disease.
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22
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Xu X, Han L, Zhao G, Xue S, Gao Y, Xiao J, Zhang S, Chen P, Wu ZY, Ding J, Hu R, Wei B, Wang H. LRCH1 interferes with DOCK8-Cdc42-induced T cell migration and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:209-226. [PMID: 28028151 PMCID: PMC5206493 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xu et al. show that LRCH1 interferes with the GEF activity of DOCK8 to inhibit Cdc42 activation. Upon chemokine stimulation, DOCK8 is phosphorylated and released from LRCH1 to drive cell migration. LRCH1 overexpression reduces CD4+ T cell migration to the CNS and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Directional autoreactive CD4+ T cell migration into the central nervous system plays a critical role in multiple sclerosis. Recently, DOCK8 was identified as a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42 activation and has been associated with human mental retardation. Little is known about whether DOCK8 is related to multiple sclerosis (MS) and how to restrict its GEF activity. Using two screening systems, we found that LRCH1 competes with Cdc42 for interaction with DOCK8 and restrains T cell migration. In response to chemokine stimulation, PKCα phosphorylates DOCK8 at its three serine sites, promoting DOCK8 separation from LRCH1 and translocation to the leading edge to guide T cell migration. Point mutations at the DOCK8 serine sites block chemokine- and PKCα-induced T cell migration. Importantly, Dock8 mutant mice or Lrch1 transgenic mice were protected from MOG (35–55) peptide–induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), whereas Lrch1-deficient mice displayed a more severe phenotype. Notably, DOCK8 expression was markedly increased in PBMCs from the acute phase of MS patients. Together, our study demonstrates LRCH1 as a novel effector to restrain PKCα–DOCK8–Cdc42 module–induced T cell migration and ameliorate EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guixian Zhao
- HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengjie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunzhen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai and State Key Laboratory of Biochemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai and State Key Laboratory of Biochemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai and State Key Laboratory of Biochemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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23
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Cavazzana M, Ribeil JA, Lagresle-Peyrou C, André-Schmutz I. Gene Therapy with Hematopoietic Stem Cells: The Diseased Bone Marrow's Point of View. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:71-76. [PMID: 27750026 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
When considering inherited diseases that can be treated by gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), there are only two in which the HSC and progenitor cell distribution inside the bone marrow and its microenvironment are exactly the same as in a healthy subject: metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). In all other settings [X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID), adenosine deaminase deficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and β-hemoglobinopathies], the bone marrow content of the different stem and precursor cells and the cells' relationship with the stroma have very specific characteristics. These peculiarities can influence the cells' harvesting and behavior in culture, and the postgraft uptake and further behavior of the gene-modified hematopoietic/precursor cells. In the present mini-review, we shall briefly summarize these characteristics and outline the possible consequences and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cavazzana
- 1 Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France .,2 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM , Paris, France .,3 Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University , Imagine Institute, Paris, France .,4 Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163 , Paris, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Ribeil
- 1 Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- 2 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM , Paris, France .,3 Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University , Imagine Institute, Paris, France .,4 Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163 , Paris, France
| | - Isabelle André-Schmutz
- 2 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM , Paris, France .,3 Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University , Imagine Institute, Paris, France .,4 Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163 , Paris, France
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24
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Janssen E, Tohme M, Hedayat M, Leick M, Kumari S, Ramesh N, Massaad MJ, Ullas S, Azcutia V, Goodnow CC, Randall KL, Qiao Q, Wu H, Al-Herz W, Cox D, Hartwig J, Irvine DJ, Luscinskas FW, Geha RS. A DOCK8-WIP-WASp complex links T cell receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3837-3851. [PMID: 27599296 DOI: 10.1172/jci85774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is associated with mutations in the WAS protein (WASp), which plays a critical role in the initiation of T cell receptor-driven (TCR-driven) actin polymerization. The clinical phenotype of WAS includes susceptibility to infection, allergy, autoimmunity, and malignancy and overlaps with the symptoms of dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency, suggesting that the 2 syndromes share common pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we demonstrated that the WASp-interacting protein (WIP) bridges DOCK8 to WASp and actin in T cells. We determined that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity of DOCK8 is essential for the integrity of the subcortical actin cytoskeleton as well as for TCR-driven WASp activation, F-actin assembly, immune synapse formation, actin foci formation, mechanotransduction, T cell transendothelial migration, and homing to lymph nodes, all of which also depend on WASp. These results indicate that DOCK8 and WASp are in the same signaling pathway that links TCRs to the actin cytoskeleton in TCR-driven actin assembly. Further, they provide an explanation for similarities in the clinical phenotypes of WAS and DOCK8 deficiency.
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25
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Palaniappan C, Rao S, Ramalingam R. Unraveling the molecular effects of mutation L270P on Wiskkot–Aldrich syndrome protein: insights from molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2011-22. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Palaniappan
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sethumadhavan Rao
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekaran Ramalingam
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dupré L, Houmadi R, Tang C, Rey-Barroso J. T Lymphocyte Migration: An Action Movie Starring the Actin and Associated Actors. Front Immunol 2015; 6:586. [PMID: 26635800 PMCID: PMC4649030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is composed of a dynamic filament meshwork that builds the architecture of the cell to sustain its fundamental properties. This physical structure is characterized by a continuous remodeling, which allows cells to accomplish complex motility steps such as directed migration, crossing of biological barriers, and interaction with other cells. T lymphocytes excel in these motility steps to ensure their immune surveillance duties. In particular, actin cytoskeleton remodeling is a key to facilitate the journey of T lymphocytes through distinct tissue environments and to tune their stop and go behavior during the scanning of antigen-presenting cells. The molecular mechanisms controlling actin cytoskeleton remodeling during T lymphocyte motility have been only partially unraveled, since the function of many actin regulators has not yet been assessed in these cells. Our review aims to integrate the current knowledge into a comprehensive picture of how the actin cytoskeleton drives T lymphocyte migration. We will present the molecular actors that control actin cytoskeleton remodeling, as well as their role in the different T lymphocyte motile steps. We will also highlight which challenges remain to be addressed experimentally and which approaches appear promising to tackle them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dupré
- INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; CNRS, UMR 5282 , Toulouse , France
| | - Raïssa Houmadi
- INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; CNRS, UMR 5282 , Toulouse , France
| | - Catherine Tang
- INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; CNRS, UMR 5282 , Toulouse , France ; Master BIOTIN, Université Montpellier I , Montpellier , France
| | - Javier Rey-Barroso
- INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; CNRS, UMR 5282 , Toulouse , France
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27
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Bhardwaj A, Srivastava SK, Singh S, Arora S, Tyagi N, Andrews J, McClellan S, Carter JE, Singh AP. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling counteracts docetaxel-induced microtubule stabilization via p21-activated kinase 4-dependent activation of LIM domain kinase 1. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11490-500. [PMID: 25359780 PMCID: PMC4294337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data highlight the significance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) signaling axis in the chemoresistance of several malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa); however, underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that CXCL12 treatment rescues the PCa cells from docetaxel (DTX)-induced toxicity by overriding its effect on cell cycle (G2/M phase arrest). We further demonstrate that the chemoprotective effect of CXCL12 is abolished upon pharmacological inhibition or RNA interference-mediated silencing of CXCR4. Moreover, microtubule stabilization caused by DTX is suppressed in CXCL12-stimulated PCa cells as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses. The effect of CXCL12 on microtubule stabilization is abrogated when PCa cells are pre-treated with a CXCR4 antagonist. In additional studies, we show that the chemoprotective action of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling is mediated by p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4)-dependent activation of Lim domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), and inhibition of either PAK4 or LIMK1 leads to re-sensitization of PCa cells to DTX-induced tubulin polymerization and cellular toxicity even in the presence of CXCL12. Altogether, our findings uncover a novel mechanism underlying CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling-induced PCa chemoresistance and suggest that targeting of this signaling axis or its downstream effector pathway could lead to therapeutic enhancement of DTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sumit Arora
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Selamat W, Tay PLF, Baskaran Y, Manser E. The Cdc42 Effector Kinase PAK4 Localizes to Cell-Cell Junctions and Contributes to Establishing Cell Polarity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129634. [PMID: 26068882 PMCID: PMC4466050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase PAK4 is a Cdc42 effector whose role is not well understood; overexpression of PAK4 has been associated with some cancers, and there are reports that correlate kinase level with increased cell migration in vitro. Here we report that PAK4 is primarily associated with cell-cell junctions in all the cell lines we tested, and fails to accumulate at focal adhesions or at the leading edge of migrating cells. In U2OS osteosarcoma and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, PAK4 depletion did not affect collective cell migration, but affected cell polarization. By contrast, Cdc42 depletion (as reported by many studies) caused a strong defect in junctional assembly in multiple cells lines. We also report that the depletion of PAK4 protein or treatment of cells with the PAK4 inhibitor PF-3758309 can lead to defects in centrosome reorientation (polarization) after cell monolayer wounding. These experiments are consistent with PAK4 forming part of a conserved cell-cell junctional polarity Cdc42 complex. We also confirm β-catenin as a target for PAK4 in these cells. Treatment of cells with PF-3758309 caused inhibition of β-catenin Ser-675 phosphorylation, which is located predominantly at cell-cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widyawilis Selamat
- small G-protein Signaling and Kinases (sGSK) Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei-Ling Felicia Tay
- small G-protein Signaling and Kinases (sGSK) Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yohendran Baskaran
- small G-protein Signaling and Kinases (sGSK) Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ed Manser
- small G-protein Signaling and Kinases (sGSK) Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Cotta-de-Almeida V, Dupré L, Guipouy D, Vasconcelos Z. Signal Integration during T Lymphocyte Activation and Function: Lessons from the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:47. [PMID: 25709608 PMCID: PMC4321635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research dedicated to the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has helped to understand the etiology of many of these diseases and to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Beyond these aspects, PID are also studied because they offer invaluable natural genetic tools to dissect the human immune system. In this review, we highlight the research that has focused over the last 20 years on T lymphocytes from Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients. WAS T lymphocytes are defective for the WAS protein (WASP), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, study of WAS T lymphocytes has helped to grasp that many steps of T lymphocyte activation and function depend on the crosstalk between membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. These steps include motility, immunological synapse assembly, and signaling, as well as the implementation of helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic effector functions. The recent concept that WASP also works as a regulator of transcription within the nucleus is an illustration of the complexity of signal integration in T lymphocytes. Finally, this review will discuss how further study of WAS may contribute to solve novel challenges of T lymphocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Dupré
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Delphine Guipouy
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
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30
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Binding of WIP to actin is essential for T cell actin cytoskeleton integrity and tissue homing. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4343-54. [PMID: 25246631 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00533-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is important for actin polymerization in T cells and for their migration. WASp-interacting protein (WIP) binds to and stabilizes WASp and also interacts with actin. Cytoskeletal and functional defects are more severe in WIP(-/-) T cells, which lack WASp, than in WASp(-/-) T cells, suggesting that WIP interaction with actin may be important for T cell cytoskeletal integrity and function. We constructed mice that lack the actin-binding domain of WIP (WIPΔABD mice). WIPΔABD associated normally with WASp but not F-actin. T cells from WIPΔABD mice had normal WASp levels but decreased cellular F-actin content, a disorganized actin cytoskeleton, impaired chemotaxis, and defective homing to lymph nodes. WIPΔABD mice exhibited a T cell intrinsic defect in contact hypersensitivity and impaired responses to cutaneous challenge with protein antigen. Adoptively transferred antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells from WIPΔABD mice had decreased homing to antigen-challenged skin of wild-type recipients. These findings show that WIP binding to actin, independently of its binding to WASp, is critical for the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton in T cells and for their migration into tissues. Disruption of WIP binding to actin could be of therapeutic value in T cell-driven inflammatory diseases.
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31
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Jain N, Tan JH, Feng S, George B, Thanabalu T. X-linked thrombocytopenia causing mutations in WASP (L46P and A47D) impair T cell chemotaxis. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:91. [PMID: 25200405 PMCID: PMC4266975 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutation in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Protein (WASP) causes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) and X-linked congenital neutropenia (XLN). The majority of missense mutations causing WAS and XLT are found in the WH1 (WASP Homology) domain of WASP, known to mediate interaction with WIP (WASP Interacting Protein) and CIB1 (Calcium and Integrin Binding). Results We analyzed two WASP missense mutants (L46P and A47D) causing XLT for their effects on T cell chemotaxis. Both mutants, WASPRL46P and WASPRA47D (S1-WASP shRNA resistant) expressed well in JurkatWASP-KD T cells (WASP knockdown), however expression of these two mutants did not rescue the chemotaxis defect of JurkatWASP-KD T cells towards SDF-1α. In addition JurkatWASP-KD T cells expressing these two WASP mutants were found to be defective in T cell polarization when stimulated with SDF-1α. WASP exists in a closed conformation in the presence of WIP, however both the mutants (WASPRL46P and WASPRA47D) were found to be in an open conformation as determined in the bi-molecular complementation assay. WASP protein undergoes proteolysis upon phosphorylation and this turnover of WASP is critical for T cell migration. Both the WASP mutants were found to be stable and have reduced tyrosine phosphorylation after stimulation with SDF-1α. Conclusion Thus our data suggest that missense mutations WASPRL46P or WASPRA47D affect the activity of WASP in T cell chemotaxis probably by affecting the turnover of the protein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0091-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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32
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Wu J, Liu D, Tu W, Song W, Zhao X. T-cell receptor diversity is selectively skewed in T-cell populations of patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:209-16. [PMID: 25091438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a severe disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, immunodeficiency, and increased risk of autoimmune disease and lymphoid malignancies. The immunodeficiency caused by a lack of WAS protein expression has been mainly attributed to defective T-cell functions. Whether WAS mutations differentially influence the T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity of different T-cell subsets is unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the degree and pattern of skewing in the variable region of the TCR β-chain (Vβ) in different T-cell subsets from patients with WAS. METHODS The TCR repertoire diversity in total peripheral T cells, sorted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and CD45RA(+) (CD45RA(+)CD45RO(-) cells) and CD45RO(+) (CD45RA(-)CD45RO(+) cells) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from patients with WAS and age-matched healthy control subjects was analyzed and compared by using spectratyping of complementarity-determining region 3. The complementarity-determining region 3 of TCRβ transcripts in CD45RA(+)CD4(+) and CD45RA(+)CD8(+) T cells, CD45RO(+)CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) terminally differentiated effector memory T (Temra) cells, and naive CD8(+) T cells (CD8(+)CD45RO(-)CCR7(+) cells) from patients and control subjects were analyzed and compared by using high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The TCR repertoire diversity in CD45RO(+)CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) Temra cells of patients with WAS was significantly skewed in comparison with that seen in age-matched control subjects. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that WAS gene mutations selectively influence TCR repertoire development or expansion in CD45RO(+) (memory) CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenxia Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Md
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Palmi C, Fazio G, Savino AM, Procter J, Howell L, Cazzaniga V, Vieri M, Longinotti G, Brunati I, Andrè V, Della Mina P, Villa A, Greaves M, Biondi A, D'Amico G, Ford A, Cazzaniga G. Cytoskeletal regulatory gene expression and migratory properties of B-cell progenitors are affected by the ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1796-806. [PMID: 25061103 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0056-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion is a frequent initiating event in childhood leukemia, its role in leukemogenesis is only partly understood. The main impact of the fusion itself is to generate and sustain a clone of clinically silent preleukemic B-cell progenitors (BCP). Additional oncogenic hits, occurring even several years later, are required for overt disease. The understanding of the features and interactions of ETV6-RUNX1-positive cells during this "latency" period may explain how these silent cells can persist and whether they could be prone to additional genetic changes. In this study, two in vitro murine models were used to investigate whether ETV6-RUNX1 alters the cellular adhesion and migration properties of BCP. ETV6-RUNX1-expressing cells showed a significant defect in the chemotactic response to CXCL12, caused by a block in CXCR4 signaling, as demonstrated by inhibition of CXCL12-associated calcium flux and lack of ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, the induction of ETV6-RUNX1 caused changes in the expression of cell-surface adhesion molecules. The expression of genes regulating the cytoskeleton was also affected, resulting in a block of CDC42 signaling. The abnormalities described here could alter the interaction of ETV6-RUNX1 preleukemic BCP with the microenvironment and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. IMPLICATIONS Alterations in the expression of cytoskeletal regulatory genes and migration properties of BCP represent early events in the evolution of the disease, from the preleukemic phase to the clinical onset, and suggest new strategies for effective eradication of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Palmi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela M Savino
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Julia Procter
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Howell
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Margherita Vieri
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Longinotti
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Brunati
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Andrè
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Pamela Della Mina
- Microscopy and Image Analysis Consortium, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonello Villa
- Microscopy and Image Analysis Consortium, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Anthony Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Bosticardo M, Musio S, Fontana E, Angiari S, Draghici E, Constantin G, Poliani PL, Pedotti R, Villa A. Development of central nervous system autoimmunity is impaired in the absence of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86942. [PMID: 24466296 PMCID: PMC3900702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) is a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton in hematopoietic cells. Defective expression of WASP leads to multiple abnormalities in different hematopoietic cells. Despite severe impairment of T cell function, WAS patients exhibit a high prevalence of autoimmune disorders. We attempted to induce EAE, an animal model of organ-specific autoimmunity affecting the CNS that mimics human MS, in Was−/− mice. We describe here that Was−/− mice are markedly resistant against EAE, showing lower incidence and milder score, reduced CNS inflammation and demyelination as compared to WT mice. Microglia was only poorly activated in Was−/− mice. Antigen-induced T-cell proliferation, Th-1 and -17 cytokine production and integrin-dependent adhesion were increased in Was−/− mice. However, adoptive transfer of MOG-activated T cells from Was−/− mice in WT mice failed to induce EAE. Was−/− mice were resistant against EAE also when induced by adoptive transfer of MOG-activated T cells from WT mice. Was+/− heterozygous mice developed an intermediate clinical phenotype between WT and Was−/− mice, and they displayed a mixed population of WASP-positive and -negative T cells in the periphery but not in their CNS parenchyma, where the large majority of inflammatory cells expressed WASP. In conclusion, in absence of WASP, T-cell responses against a CNS autoantigen are increased, but the ability of autoreactive T cells to induce CNS autoimmunity is impaired, most probably because of an inefficient T-cell transmigration into the CNS and defective CNS resident microglial function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Integrins/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microglia
- Myelin Sheath
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Musio
- Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “C.Besta”, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Angiari
- Department of Pathology and Diagnosis, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Pathology and Diagnosis, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro L. Poliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosetta Pedotti
- Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “C.Besta”, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (AV); (RP)
| | - Anna Villa
- TIGET, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (AV); (RP)
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35
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Niggli V. Insights into the mechanism for dictating polarity in migrating T-cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 312:201-70. [PMID: 25262243 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800178-3.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on mechanisms of chemokine-induced polarization of T-lymphocytes. Polarization involves, starting from spherical cells, formation of a morphologically and functionally different rear (uropod) and front (leading edge). This polarization is required for efficient random and directed T-cell migration. The addressed topics concern the specific location of cell organelles and of receptors, signaling molecules, and cytoskeletal proteins in chemokine-stimulated polarized T-cells. In chemokine-stimulated, polarized T-cells, specific proteins, signaling molecules and organelles show enrichment either in the rear, the midzone, or the front; different from the random location in spherical resting cells. Possible mechanisms involved in this asymmetric location will be discussed. A major topic is also the functional role of proteins and cell organelles in T-cell polarization and migration. Specifically, the roles of adhesion and chemokine receptors, cytoskeletal proteins, signaling molecules, scaffolding proteins, and membrane microdomains in these processes will be discussed. The polarity which is established during contact formation of T-cells with antigen-presenting cells is not discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Niggli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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36
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Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein deficiency perturbs the homeostasis of B-cell compartment in humans. J Autoimmun 2013; 50:42-50. [PMID: 24369837 PMCID: PMC4012141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) regulates the cytoskeleton in hematopoietic cells and mutations in its gene cause the Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome (WAS), a primary immunodeficiency with microthrombocytopenia, eczema and a higher susceptibility to develop tumors. Autoimmune manifestations, frequently observed in WAS patients, are associated with an increased risk of mortality and still represent an unsolved aspect of the disease. B cells play a crucial role both in immune competence and self-tolerance and defects in their development and function result in immunodeficiency and/or autoimmunity. We performed a phenotypical and molecular analysis of central and peripheral B-cell compartments in WAS pediatric patients. We found a decreased proportion of immature B cells in the bone marrow correlating with an increased presence of transitional B cells in the periphery. These results could be explained by the defective migratory response of WAS B cells to SDF-1α, essential for the retention of immature B cells in the BM. In the periphery, we observed an unusual expansion of CD21low B-cell population and increased plasma BAFF levels that may contribute to the high susceptibility to develop autoimmune manifestations in WAS patients. WAS memory B cells were characterized by a reduced in vivo proliferation, decreased somatic hypermutation and preferential usage of IGHV4-34, an immunoglobulin gene commonly found in autoreactive B cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that WASp-deficiency perturbs B-cell homeostasis thus adding a new layer of immune dysregulation concurring to the increased susceptibility to develop autoimmunity in WAS patients. WASp-deficiency affects both central and peripheral B-cell development. An early egress of immature B cells leads to an increase of transitional B cells in periphery. Reduced maturation status of WAS memory B cells. Altered selection of both protective and autoreactive Ig gene families in WAS patients. Potentially autoreactive CD21low B cells are expanded in WAS patients.
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Chatterjee M, Gawaz M. Platelet-derived CXCL12 (SDF-1α): basic mechanisms and clinical implications. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1954-67. [PMID: 24024928 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are a major source of CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor -1α, SDF-1α) and store CXCL12 as part of their α-granule secretome. Platelet activation enhances surface expression and release of CXCL12. Platelets and megakaryocytes express CXCR4, the major receptor for CXCL12, and interaction of CXCL12 with CXCR4 regulates megakaryopoiesis and the function of circulating platelets. Platelet-derived CXCL12 also modulates paracrine mechanisms such as chemotaxis, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of nucleated cells, including progenitor cells. Platelet-derived CXCL12 enhances peripheral recruitment of progenitor cells to the sites of vascular and tissue injury both in vitro and in vivo and thereby promotes repair mechanisms. CXCL12 expression on platelets is elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction, correlates with the number of circulating progenitor cells, is associated with preservation of myocardial function and is an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Administration of recombinant CXCL12 reduces infarct size following transient ischemia in mice. The present review summarizes the role of platelet-derived CXCL12 in cardiovascular biology and its diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chatterjee
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
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Serrano-Pertierra E, Cernuda-Morollón E, López-Larrea C. NKG2D- and CD28-mediated costimulation regulate CD8+
T cell chemotaxis through different mechanisms: the role of Cdc42/N-WASp. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:487-95. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0613316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Matalon O, Reicher B, Barda-Saad M. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein - dynamic regulation of actin homeostasis: from activation through function and signal termination in T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 2013; 256:10-29. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omri Matalon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan Israel
| | - Barak Reicher
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan Israel
| | - Mira Barda-Saad
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan Israel
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40
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Primary immunodeficiencies: a rapidly evolving story. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:314-23. [PMID: 23374262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) in human subjects is crucial for a better understanding of the biology of the immune response. New achievements in this field have been possible in light of collaborative studies; attention paid to new phenotypes, infectious and otherwise; improved immunologic techniques; and use of exome sequencing technology. The International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee on PIDs recently reported on the updated classification of PIDs. However, new PIDs are being discovered at an ever-increasing rate. A series of 19 novel primary defects of immunity that have been discovered after release of the International Union of Immunological Societies report are discussed here. These new findings highlight the molecular pathways that are associated with clinical phenotypes and suggest potential therapies for affected patients.
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41
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Badolato R. Defects of leukocyte migration in primary immunodeficiencies. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1436-40. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Badolato
- Department of Pediatrics; Institute of Molecular Medicine “Angelo Nocivelli”, University of Brescia, Brescia; Italy
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42
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Larbret F, Dubois N, Brau F, Guillemot E, Mahiddine K, Tartare-Deckert S, Verhasselt V, Deckert M. Technical advance: actin CytoFRET, a novel FRET flow cytometry method for detection of actin dynamics in resting and activated T cell. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:531-9. [PMID: 23794712 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in regulating T cell motility and activation. However, the lack of a real-time quantitative method to analyze actin assembly has limited the progress toward understanding actin regulation. Here, we describe a novel approach to probe actin dynamics on living T cells using FRET combined with flow cytometry. We have first generated a Jurkat T cell line stably coexpressing EGFP and mOrange FPs fused to actin. The real-time variation of actin monomer assembly or disassembly into filaments was quantified using a ratiometric flow cytometry method measuring changes in the mOrange/EGFP emission ratio. The method was validated on resting T cells by using chemical compounds with known effects on actin filaments and comparison with conventional microscopy imaging. Our method also detected the rapid and transient actin assembly in T cells stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads, demonstrating its robustness and high sensitivity. Finally, we provide evidence that lentiviral-mediated transduction of shRNAs in engineered Jurkat cells could be used as a strategy to identify regulators of actin remodeling. In conclusion, the flow cytometric FRET analysis of actin polymerization represents a new technical advance to study the dynamics of actin regulation in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Larbret
- Tolérance Immunitaire, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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43
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Massaad MJ, Ramesh N, Geha RS. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a comprehensive review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1285:26-43. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel J. Massaad
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
| | - Narayanaswamy Ramesh
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
| | - Raif S. Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
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Charrier S, Blundell M, Cédrone G, Louache F, Vainchenker W, Thrasher AJ, Galy A. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-deficient hematopoietic cells can be efficiently mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Haematologica 2013; 98:1300-8. [PMID: 23445877 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.077040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein is an essential cytoskeleton regulator found in cells of the hematopoietic lineage and controls the motility of leukocytes. The impact of WAS gene deficiency on the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells in circulation has remained unexplored but information would be pertinent in the context of autologous gene therapy of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. The response to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mobilization was investigated in a murine WAS knock-out model of the disease, by measuring hematologic parameters, circulation and engraftment of hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells. In the steady-state, adult WAS knock-out mice have B-cell lymphopenia, marked neutrophilia, increased counts of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells and splenomegaly, presumably caused by the retention of hematopoietic progenitor cells due to high levels of splenic CXCL12. In spite of these anomalies, the administration of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor mobilizes progenitor/stem cells in WAS knock-out mice to the same level and with the same kinetics as in wild-type control mice. Mobilized peripheral blood cells from WAS knock-out mice can be transduced and are able to engraft into lethally-irradiated hosts reconstituting multiple lineages of cells and providing more effective radio-protection than mobilized cells from wild-type control mice. Surprisingly, the homing and the peripheral blood recovery of B lymphocytes was influenced by the background of the host. Thus, in the absence of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, effective mobilization is achieved but partial correction may occur as a result of an abnormal hematopoietic environment.
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Chen Y, Aardema J, Corey SJ. Biochemical and functional significance of F-BAR domain proteins interaction with WASP/N-WASP. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:280-6. [PMID: 23384583 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain family of proteins includes groups which promote positive (classical BAR, N-BAR, and F-BAR) and negative (I-BAR) membrane deformation. Of these groups, the F-BAR subfamily is the most diverse in its biochemical properties. F-BAR domain proteins dimerize to form a tight scaffold about the membrane. The F-BAR domain provides a banana-shaped, alpha-helical structure that senses membrane curvature. Different types of F-BAR domain proteins contain tyrosine kinase or GTPase activities; some interact with phosphatases and RhoGTPases. Most possess an SH3 domain that facilitates the recruitment and activation of WASP/N-WASP. Thus, F-BAR domain proteins affect remodeling of both membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of F-BAR proteins in coupling WASP/N-WASP to cytoskeletal remodeling. A role for F-BAR/WASP interaction in human diseases affecting nervous, blood, and neoplastic tissues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
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46
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Lafouresse F, Cotta-de-Almeida V, Malet-Engra G, Galy A, Valitutti S, Dupré L. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein controls antigen-presenting cell-driven CD4+ T-cell motility by regulating adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Immunology 2012; 137:183-96. [PMID: 22804504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell scanning for antigen-presenting cells (APC) is a finely tuned process. Whereas non-cognate APC trigger T-cell motility via chemokines and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cognate APC deliver a stop signal resulting from antigen recognition. We tested in vitro the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) to the scanning activity of primary human CD4(+) T cells. WASP knock-down resulted in increased T-cell motility upon encounter with non-cognate dendritic cells or B cells and reduced capacity to stop following antigen recognition. The high motility of WASP-deficient T cells was accompanied by a diminished ability to round up and to stabilize pauses. WASP-deficient T cells migrated in a normal proportion towards CXCL12, CCL19 and CCL21, but displayed an increased adhesion and elongation on ICAM-1. The elongated morphology of WASP-deficient T cells was related to a reduced confinement of high-affinity lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 to the mid-cell zone. Our data therefore indicate that WASP controls CD4(+) T-cell motility upon APC encounter by regulating lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 spatial distribution.
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47
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Serrano-Pertierra E, Cernuda-Morollón E, López-Larrea C. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) and N-WASp are involved in the regulation of NK-cell migration upon NKG2D activation. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2142-51. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Cernuda-Morollón
- Immunology Department; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Oviedo; Asturias; Spain
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48
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Coccia P, Mastrangelo S, Ruggiero A, Scalzone M, Rosolen A, Maurizi P, Riccardi R. Treatment of pharyngeal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:318-9. [PMID: 22052860 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is characterized by primary immunodeficiency, thrombocytopenia and eczema. Patients with WAS have an increased risk to develop tumors. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents the most common malignancy occurring in WAS-affected patients, diffuse-large-B-cell lymphoma is the most frequently encountered variant. We describe a case of a patient with WAS and NHL in the pharynx, an atypical tumor site presentation. The patient was successfully treated with a reduced dose chemotherapy regimen plus anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. He is in complete remission 3 years from the start of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Coccia
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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49
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Liu HP, Chen CC, Wu CC, Huang YC, Liu SC, Liang Y, Chang KP, Chang YS. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 interacts with FGD4 to activate Cdc42 and thereby promote migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002690. [PMID: 22589722 PMCID: PMC3349753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a human malignancy notorious for its highly metastatic nature. Among EBV-encoded genes, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is expressed in most NPC tissues and exerts oncogenicity by engaging multiple signaling pathways in a ligand-independent manner. LMP1 expression also results in actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which modulates cell morphology and cell motility— cellular process regulated by RhoGTPases, such as Cdc42. Despite the prominent association of Cdc42 activation with tumorigenesis, the molecular basis of Cdc42 activation by LMP1 in NPC cells remains to be elucidated. Here using GST-CBD (active Cdc42-binding domain) as bait in GST pull-down assays to precipitate active Cdc42 from cell lysates, we demonstrated that LMP1 acts through its transmembrane domains to preferentially induce Cdc42 activation in various types of epithelial cells, including NPC cells. Using RNA interference combined with re-introduction experiments, we identified FGD4 (FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 4) as the GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) responsible for the activation of Cdc42 by LMP1. Serial deletion experiments and co-immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that ectopically expressed FGD4 modulated LMP1-mediated Cdc42 activation by interacting with LMP1. Moreover, LMP1, through its transmembrane domains, directly bound FGD4 and enhanced FGD4 activity toward Cdc42, leading to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and increased motility of NPC cells. Depletion of FGD4 or Cdc42 significantly reduced (∼50%) the LMP1-stimulated cell motility, an effect that was partially reversed by expression of a constitutively active mutant of Cdc42. Finally, quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that FGD4 and LMP1 were expressed in NPC tissues, supporting the potential physiologically relevance of this mechanism in NPC. Collectively, our results not only uncover a novel mechanism underlying LMP1-mediated Cdc42 activation, namely LMP1 interaction with FGD4, but also functionally link FGD4 to NPC tumorigenesis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with human malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Among EBV-expressed genes, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) has been detected in most NPC tissues and has the ability to transform cell growth and drive cell migration, both of which are highly associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Previous reports have demonstrated that cell migration primarily involves cytoskeleton rearrangement, and the RhoGTPase Cdc42 is known to actively mediate such rearrangement processes. Using LMP1-expressing NPC cells, we discovered that LMP1 induces Cdc42 activation by directly binding to FGD4, a positive regulator of Cdc42, thereby promoting motility of NPC cells. The observed correlation between FGD4 and LMP1 expression in NPC tissues provides support of physiological relevance. Notably, FGD4 has recently been shown to be responsible for a type of inherited neural disease. Our findings not only provide a novel insight into EBV pathogenesis, but also suggest a role for FGD4 in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ping Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Huang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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50
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Arrizabalaga O, Lacerda HM, Zubiaga AM, Zugaza JL. Rac1 protein regulates glycogen phosphorylase activation and controls interleukin (IL)-2-dependent T cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11878-90. [PMID: 22337875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.297804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases of the Rho family have been implicated in important cellular processes such as cell migration and adhesion, protein secretion, and/or gene transcription. In the lymphoid system, these GTPases participate in the signaling cascades that are activated after engagement of antigen receptors. However, little is known about the role that Rho GTPases play in IL-2-mediated responses. Here, we show that IL-2 induces Rac1 activation in Kit 225 T cells. We identified by mass spectrometry the muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) as a novel Rac1 effector molecule in IL-2-stimulated cells. The interaction between the active form of Rac1 (Rac1-GTP) and PYGM was established directly through a domain comprising amino acids 191-270 of PYGM that exhibits significant homology with the Rac binding domain of PAK1. The integrity of this region was crucial for PYGM activation. Importantly, IL-2-dependent cellular proliferation was inhibited upon blocking both the activation of Rac1 and the activity of PYGM. These results reveal a new role for Rac1 in cell signaling, showing that this GTPase triggers T cell proliferation upon IL-2 stimulation by associating with PYGM and modulating its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onetsine Arrizabalaga
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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