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Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Kucharski C, Bahadur KC R, Tarman IO, Uludağ H. Polymeric siRNA delivery targeting integrin-β1 could reduce interactions of leukemic cells with bone marrow microenvironment. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 3:100021. [PMID: 36824309 PMCID: PMC9934419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid cells due to BCR-ABL fusion has been successfully treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which improved the survival rate of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients. However, due to interactions of CML cells with bone marrow microenvironment, sub-populations of CML cells could become resistant to TKI treatment. Since integrins are major cell surface molecules involved in such interactions, the potential of silencing integrin-β1 on CML cell line K562 cells was explored using short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivered through lipid-modified polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers. Reduction of integrin-β1 in K562 cells decreased cell adhesion towards human bone marrow stromal cells and to fibronectin, a major extracellular matrix protein for which integrin-β1 is a primary receptor. Interaction of K562 cells with fibronectin decreased the sensitivity of the cells to BCR-ABL siRNA treatment, but a combinational treatment with integrin-β1 and BCR-ABL siRNAs significantly reduced colony forming ability of the cells. Moreover, integrin-β1 silencing enhanced the detachment of K562 cells from hBMSC samples (2 out of 4 samples), which could make them more susceptible to TKIs. Therefore, the polymeric-siRNA delivery targeting integrin-β1 could be beneficial to reduce interactions with bone marrow microenvironment, aiding in the response of CML cells to therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cezary Kucharski
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Remant Bahadur KC
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Corresponding author at: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2-021 RTF, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada.
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2
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Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Jiang X, Brandwein JM, Valencia-Serna J, Remant KC, Uludağ H. Current outlook on drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and potential therapeutic options. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1355-1369. [PMID: 31102734 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia cells are armed with several resistance mechanisms that can make current drugs ineffective. A better understanding of resistance mechanisms is yielding new approaches to management of the disease. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm the hallmark of which, the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) oncogene, has been the target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which have significantly improved the survival of patients with CML. However, because of an increase in TKI resistance, it is becoming imperative to identify resistance mechanisms so that drug therapies can be better prescribed and new agents developed. In this review, we discuss the various BCR-ABL-dependent and -independent mechanisms of resistance observed in CML, and the range of therapeutic solutions available to overcome such resistance and to ultimately improve the survival of patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Juliana Valencia-Serna
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K C Remant
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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3
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Xu X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yang L, Huang S, Lu L, Wang S, Guo Q, Zhao L. BM microenvironmental protection of CML cells from imatinib through Stat5/NF-κB signaling and reversal by Wogonin. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24436-54. [PMID: 27027438 PMCID: PMC5029713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive Stat5 activation enhanced cell survival and resistance to imatinib (IM) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. However, the mechanism of Stat5 activation in mediating resistance to IM in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has not been evaluated precisely. In this study, we reported HS-5-derived conditioned medium (CM) significantly enhanced IM resistance in K562 and KU812. Interestingly, upregulation of the proportion of CD34+ subpopulation was found in CML cells. Subsequently, the BCR/ABL-independent activation of Stat5 increased P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in CM-mediated protection of CML stem cells (LSCs) from IM. Further research revealed Stat5 activation increased the DNA binding activity of NF-κB though binding of p-Stat5 and p-RelA in nucleus. Moreover, highly acetylated RelA was required for Stat5-mediated RelA nuclear binding. The study further confirmed that Wogonin potentiated the inhibitory effects of IM on leukemia development by suppressing Stat5 pathway both in CM model and the K562 xenograft model. In summary, results clearly demonstrated BCR/ABL-independent Stat5 survival pathway could contribute to resistance of CML LSCs to IM in BM microenvironment and suggested that natural durgs effectively inhibiting Stat5 may be an attractive approach to overcome resistance to BCR/ABL kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Middle School of The City, Mei County, Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Valencia-Serna J, Chevallier P, KC RB, Laroche G, Uludağ H. Fibronectin-modified surfaces for evaluating the influence of cell adhesion on sensitivity of leukemic cells to siRNA nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1123-38. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to create fibronectin (FN)-grafted polymeric surfaces to investigate the influence of leukemic cell adhesion on siRNA treatment. Materials & methods: FN was grafted on plasma-treated PTFE surfaces using chemical crosslinkers. Adhesion and growth of chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells on modified surfaces were investigated. The silencing effect of siRNA/lipid-polymers nanoparticles on cells grown on FN-grafted surfaces was evaluated. Results: Crosslinker-mediated immobilization showed significant FN grafting on surfaces, which provided K562 cell adhesion and growth advantage. siRNA nanoparticle silencing was similarly effective on FN-adhered and suspension-growing K562 cells. Conclusion: This study provided initial data to develop a cell-adhesive system to investigate therapeutic effects on leukemic cells. The response of chronic myeloid leukemia cells to siRNA nanoparticles was independent on cell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Valencia-Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des Matériaux & Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Remant Bahadur KC
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Gaétan Laroche
- Département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des Matériaux & Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V2, Canada
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
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Ishii G, Ochiai A, Neri S. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblast within the tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:186-196. [PMID: 26278673 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer microenvironment is created not only by malignant epithelial cells, but also by several kinds of stromal cells. Since Paget proposed the "seed and soil" hypothesis, the biological importance of the cancer microenvironment has come to be widely accepted. The main compartment of host stromal cells are fibroblasts (Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts; CAFs), which are the main source of the collagen-producing cells. CAFs directly communicate with the cancer cells and other types of stromal cells to acquire a specific biological phenotype. CAFs play important roles in several aspects of the tumor progression process and the chemotherapeutic process. However, CAFs have heterogeneous origins, phenotypes, and functions under these conditions. A crucial challenge is to understand how much of this heterogeneity serves different biological responses to cancer cells. In this review, we highlight the issue of how diverse and heterogeneous functions given by CAFs can exert potent influences on tumor progression and therapeutic response. Furthermore, we also discuss the current advances in the development of novel therapeutic strategies against CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Pathology Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shinya Neri
- Division of Pathology Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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6
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Dengler MA, Weilbacher A, Gutekunst M, Staiger AM, Vöhringer MC, Horn H, Ott G, Aulitzky WE, van der Kuip H. Discrepant NOXA (PMAIP1) transcript and NOXA protein levels: a potential Achilles' heel in mantle cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1013. [PMID: 24457957 PMCID: PMC4040662 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoid neoplasm with transient response to conventional chemotherapy. We here investigated the role of the Bcl-2 homology domain 3-only protein NOXA for life–death decision in MCL. Surprisingly, NOXA (PMAIP1) mRNA and NOXA protein levels were extremely discrepant in MCL cells: NOXA mRNA was found to be highly expressed whereas NOXA protein levels were low. Chronic active B-cell receptor signaling and to a minor degree cyclin D1 overexpression contributed to high NOXA mRNA expression levels in MCL cells. The phoshatidyl-inositol-3 kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway was identified as the major downstream signaling pathway involved in the maintenance of NOXA gene expression. Interestingly, MCL cells adapt to this constitutive pro-apoptotic signal by extensive ubiquitination and rapid proteasomal degradation of NOXA protein (T½∼15–30 min). In addition to the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib, we identified the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 and the fatty acid synthase inhibitor Orlistat as potent inducers of NOXA protein expression leading to apoptosis in MCL. All inhibitors targeted NOXA protein turnover. In contrast to Bortezomib, MLN4924 and Orlistat interfered with the ubiquitination process of NOXA protein thereby offering new strategies to kill Bortezomib-resistant MCL cells. Our data, therefore, highlight a critical role of NOXA in the balance between life and death in MCL. The discrepancy between NOXA transcript and protein levels is essential for sensitivity of MCL to ubiquitin-proteasome system inhibitors and could therefore provide a druggable Achilles' heel of MCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dengler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - A Weilbacher
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - M Gutekunst
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - A M Staiger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - M C Vöhringer
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology and Hematology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - H Horn
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - G Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - W E Aulitzky
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology and Hematology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - H van der Kuip
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
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7
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Cao X, Kwek K, Chan JKY, Chan CKH, Lim M. Electrospun nanofibers as a bioadhesive platform for capturing adherent leukemia cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:523-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- Division of Bioengineering; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Kenneth Kwek
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine; KK Women's and Children's Hospital; Singapore
| | - Jerry K. Y. Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine; KK Women's and Children's Hospital; Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Casey K. H. Chan
- Department of Bioengineering; Faculty of Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Mayasari Lim
- Division of Bioengineering; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
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8
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Pannucci NL, Li D, Sahay S, Thomas EK, Chen R, Tala I, Hu T, Ciccarelli BT, Megjugorac NJ, Adams Iii HC, Rodriguez PL, Fitzpatrick ER, Lagunoff D, Williams DA, Whitehead IP. Loss of the xeroderma pigmentosum group B protein binding site impairs p210 BCR/ABL1 leukemogenic activity. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e135. [PMID: 23955590 PMCID: PMC3763389 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that p210 BCR/ABL1 interacts directly with the xeroderma pigmentosum group B (XPB) protein, and that XPB is phosphorylated on tyrosine in cells that express p210 BCR/ABL1. In the current study, we have constructed a p210 BCR/ABL1 mutant that can no longer bind to XPB. The mutant has normal kinase activity and interacts with GRB2, but can no longer phosphorylate XPB. Loss of XPB binding is associated with reduced expression of c-MYC and reduced transforming potential in ex-vivo clonogenicity assays, but does not affect nucleotide excision repair in lymphoid or myeloid cells. When examined in a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model for chronic myelogenous leukemia, mice that express the mutant exhibit attenuated myeloproliferation and lymphoproliferation when compared with mice that express unmodified p210 BCR/ABL1. Thus, the mutant-transplanted mice show predominantly neutrophilic expansion and altered progenitor expansion, and have significantly extended lifespans. This was confirmed in a BMT model for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, wherein the majority of the mutant-transplanted mice remain disease free. These results suggest that the interaction between p210 BCR/ABL1 and XPB can contribute to disease progression by influencing the lineage commitment of lymphoid and myeloid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Pannucci
- New Jersey Medical School - University Hospital Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Microenvironmental protection of CML stem and progenitor cells from tyrosine kinase inhibitors through N-cadherin and Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Blood 2013; 121:1824-38. [PMID: 23299311 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-412890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly effective in treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but do not eliminate leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which remain a potential source of relapse. TKI treatment effectively inhibits BCR-ABL kinase activity in CML LSCs, suggesting that additional kinase-independent mechanisms contribute to LSC preservation. We investigated whether signals from the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment protect CML LSCs from TKI treatment. Coculture with human BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) significantly inhibited apoptosis and preserved CML stem/progenitor cells following TKI exposure, maintaining colony-forming ability and engraftment potential in immunodeficient mice. We found that the N-cadherin receptor plays an important role in MSC-mediated protection of CML progenitors from TKI. N-cadherin-mediated adhesion to MSCs was associated with increased cytoplasmic N-cadherin-β-catenin complex formation as well as enhanced β-catenin nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Increased exogenous Wnt-mediated β-catenin signaling played an important role in MSC-mediated protection of CML progenitors from TKI treatment. Our results reveal a close interplay between N-cadherin and the Wnt-β-catenin pathway in protecting CML LSCs during TKI treatment. Importantly, these results reveal novel mechanisms of resistance of CML LSCs to TKI treatment and suggest new targets for treatment designed to eradicate residual LSCs in CML patients.
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Stuchlý J, Kanderová V, Fišer K, Černá D, Holm A, Wu W, Hrušák O, Lund-Johansen F, Kalina T. An automated analysis of highly complex flow cytometry-based proteomic data. Cytometry A 2011; 81:120-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Oncogenic stress induced by acute hyper-activation of Bcr-Abl leads to cell death upon induction of excessive aerobic glycolysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25139. [PMID: 21949869 PMCID: PMC3176818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to deregulated oncogene activation, mammalian cells activate disposal programs such as programmed cell death. To investigate the mechanisms behind this oncogenic stress response we used Bcr-Abl over-expressing cells cultivated in presence of imatinib. Imatinib deprivation led to rapid induction of Bcr-Abl activity and over-stimulation of PI3K/Akt-, Ras/MAPK-, and JAK/STAT pathways. This resulted in a delayed necrosis-like cell death starting not before 48 hours after imatinib withdrawal. Cell death was preceded by enhanced glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and amino acid metabolism leading to elevated ATP and protein levels. This enhanced metabolism could be linked to induction of cell death as inhibition of glycolysis or glutaminolysis was sufficient to sustain cell viability. Therefore, these data provide first evidence that metabolic changes induced by Bcr-Abl hyper-activation are important mediators of oncogenic stress-induced cell death. During the first 30 hours after imatinib deprivation, Bcr-Abl hyper-activation did not affect proliferation but resulted in cellular swelling, vacuolization, and induction of eIF2α phosphorylation, CHOP expression, as well as alternative splicing of XPB, indicating endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Cell death was dependent on p38 and RIP1 signaling, whereas classical death effectors of ER stress, namely CHOP-BIM were antagonized by concomitant up-regulation of Bcl-xL. Screening of 1,120 compounds for their potential effects on oncogenic stress-induced cell death uncovered that corticosteroids antagonize cell death upon Bcr-Abl hyper-activation by normalizing cellular metabolism. This protective effect is further demonstrated by the finding that corticosteroids rendered lymphocytes permissive to the transforming activity of Bcr-Abl. As corticosteroids are used together with imatinib for treatment of Bcr-Abl positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia these data could have important implications for the design of combination therapy protocols. In conclusion, excessive induction of Warburg type metabolic alterations can cause cell death. Our data indicate that these metabolic changes are major mediators of oncogenic stress induced by Bcr-Abl.
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12
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Kim TM, Ha SA, Kim HK, Yoo J, Kim S, Yim SH, Jung SH, Kim DW, Chung YJ, Kim JW. Gene expression signatures associated with the in vitro resistance to two tyrosine kinase inhibitors, nilotinib and imatinib. Blood Cancer J 2011; 1:e32. [PMID: 22829191 PMCID: PMC3255246 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of selective inhibitors targeting Bcr-Abl kinase is now established as a standard protocol in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia; however, the acquisition of drug resistance is a major obstacle limiting the treatment efficacy. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of drug resistance, we established K562 cell line models resistant to nilotinib and imatinib. Microarray-based transcriptome profiling of resistant cells revealed that nilotinib- and imatinib-resistant cells showed the upregulation of kinase-encoding genes (AURKC, FYN, SYK, BTK and YES1). Among them, the upregulation of AURKC and FYN was observed both in nilotinib- and imatinib-resistant cells irrespective of exposure doses, while SYK, BTK and YES1 showed dose-dependent upregulation of expression. Upregulation of EGF and JAG1 oncogenes as well as genes encoding ATP-dependent drug efflux pump proteins such as ABCB1 was also observed in the resistant cells, which may confer alternative survival benefits. Functional gene set analysis revealed that molecular categories of ‘ATPase activity', ‘cell adhesion' or ‘tyrosine kinase activity' were commonly activated in the resistant clones. Taken together, the transcriptome analysis of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI)-resistant clones provides the insights into the mechanism of drug resistance, which can facilitate the development of an effective screening method as well as therapeutic intervention to deal with TKI resistance.
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13
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Gutekunst M, Oren M, Weilbacher A, Dengler MA, Markwardt C, Thomale J, Aulitzky WE, van der Kuip H. p53 hypersensitivity is the predominant mechanism of the unique responsiveness of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) cells to cisplatin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19198. [PMID: 21532991 PMCID: PMC3080918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent with the excellent clinical results in testicular germ cell tumors
(TGCT), most cell lines derived from this cancer show an exquisite sensitivity
to Cisplatin. It is well accepted that the high susceptibility of TGCT cells to
apoptosis plays a central role in this hypersensitive phenotype. The role of the
tumor suppressor p53 in this response, however, remains controversial. Here we
show that siRNA-mediated silencing of p53 is sufficient to completely abrogate
hypersensitivity not only to Cisplatin but also to non-genotoxic inducers of p53
such as the Mdm2 antagonist Nutlin-3 and the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib.
The close relationship between p53 protein levels and induction of apoptosis is
lost upon short-term differentiation, indicating that this predominant
pro-apoptotic function of p53 is unique in pluripotent embryonal carcinoma (EC)
cells. RNA interference experiments as well as microarray analysis demonstrated
a central role of the pro-apoptotic p53 target gene NOXA in the p53-dependent
apoptotic response of these cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that the
hypersensitivity of TGCT cells is a result of their unique sensitivity to p53
activation. Furthermore, in the very specific cellular context of germ
cell-derived pluripotent EC cells, p53 function appears to be limited to
induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gutekunst
- Dr Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrea Weilbacher
- Dr Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael A. Dengler
- Dr Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christiane Markwardt
- Dr Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thomale
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School,
Essen, Germany
| | - Walter E. Aulitzky
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart,
Germany
| | - Heiko van der Kuip
- Dr Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Guo-Bao W, Xiao-Qin C, Qi-Rong G, Jie L, Gui-Nan L, Yue L. Arsenic Trioxide overcomes cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance through down-regulating the expression of β1-integrin in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1090-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10428191003746315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Dass CR, Tan ML, Galloway SJ, Choong PF. Dz13 Induces a Cytotoxic Stress Response with Upregulation of E2F1 in Tumor Cells Metastasizing to or from Bone. Oligonucleotides 2010; 20:79-91. [DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Crispin R. Dass
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Mei Lin Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stuart J. Galloway
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Peter F.M. Choong
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Sarcoma Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Skorta I, Oren M, Markwardt C, Gutekunst M, Aulitzky WE, van der Kuip H. Imatinib mesylate induces cisplatin hypersensitivity in Bcr-Abl+ cells by differential modulation of p53 transcriptional and proapoptotic activity. Cancer Res 2010; 69:9337-45. [PMID: 19934315 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is highly effective in inducing remission in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, complete eradication of the malignant clone by imatinib is rare. We investigated the efficacy of combining imatinib with cisplatin. Inhibition of Bcr-Abl by imatinib induced a hypersensitive phenotype both in Bcr-Abl(+) cell lines and in CD34(+) cells from CML patients. Importantly, cisplatin sensitivity of leukemic cells harboring an inactive Bcr-Abl greatly exceeded that of Bcr-Abl(-) parental cells. The cisplatin response of Bcr-Abl(+) cells treated with imatinib was characterized by an impaired G(2)-M arrest and by rapid induction of mitochondrial cell death after the first passage through G(2). Imatinib abrogated ATM activation on cisplatin selectively in Bcr-Abl(+) cells. As a consequence, phosphorylation of p53 on Ser(15) and its activity as a transcription factor was significantly diminished. Furthermore, p53 accumulated predominantly in the cytoplasm in Bcr-Abl(+) cells treated with imatinib and cisplatin. Silencing of p53 significantly reduced sensitivity to cisplatin in imatinib-treated Bcr-Abl(+) cells, indicating that p53 retains its proapoptotic activity. Simultaneous downregulation of Bcl-x(L) was an additional requirement for cisplatin hypersensitivity, as p53-dependent cell death could be antagonized by exogenous Bcl-x(L). We conclude that imatinib sensitizes Bcr-Abl(+) cells to cisplatin by simultaneous inhibition of p53 transactivation, induction of p53 accumulation predominantly in the cytoplasm, and reduction of Bcl-x(L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Skorta
- Dr Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Sonnenberg M, van der Kuip H, Haubeis S, Fritz P, Schroth W, Friedel G, Simon W, Mürdter TE, Aulitzky WE. Highly variable response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from lung and breast. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:364. [PMID: 19077243 PMCID: PMC2626600 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can promote carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Only limited data on the response of CAFs to chemotherapy and their potential impact on therapy outcome are available. This study was undertaken to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in vitro and in vivo. Methods The in vivo response of stromal cells to chemotherapy was investigated in 22 neoadjuvant treated breast tumors on tissue sections before and after chemotherapy. Response to chemotherapy was analyzed in vitro in primary cultures of isolated CAFs from 28 human lung and 9 breast cancer tissues. The response was correlated to Mdm2, ERCC1 and TP53 polymorphisms and TP53 mutation status. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects were evaluated in an ex vivo experiment using cultured tissue slices from 16 lung and 17 breast cancer specimens. Results Nine of 22 tumors showed a therapy-dependent reduction of stromal activity. Pathological response of tumor or stroma cells did not correlate with clinical response. Isolated CAFs showed little sensitivity to paclitaxel. In contrast, sensitivity of CAFs to cisplatinum was highly variable with a GI50 ranging from 2.8 to 29.0 μM which is comparable to the range observed in tumor cell lines. No somatic TP53 mutation was detected in any of the 28 CAFs from lung cancer tissue. In addition, response to cisplatinum was not significantly associated with the genotype of TP53 nor Mdm2 and ERCC1 polymorphisms. However, we observed a non-significant trend towards decreased sensitivity in the presence of TP53 variant genotype. In contrast to the results obtained in isolated cell culture, in tissue slice culture breast cancer CAFs responded to paclitaxel within their microenvironment in the majority of cases (9/14). The opposite was observed in lung cancer tissues: only few CAFs were sensitive to cisplatinum within their microenvironment (2/15) whereas a higher proportion responded to cisplatinum in isolated culture. Conclusion Similar to cancer cells, CAF response to chemotherapy is highly variable. Beside significant individual/intrinsic differences the sensitivity of CAFs seems to depend also on the cancer type as well as the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Sonnenberg
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany.
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18
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Larochelle S, Merrick KA, Terret ME, Wohlbold L, Barboza NM, Zhang C, Shokat KM, Jallepalli PV, Fisher RP. Requirements for Cdk7 in the assembly of Cdk1/cyclin B and activation of Cdk2 revealed by chemical genetics in human cells. Mol Cell 2007; 25:839-50. [PMID: 17386261 PMCID: PMC1858677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). In metazoans, S phase onset coincides with activation of Cdk2, whereas Cdk1 triggers mitosis. Both Cdk1 and -2 require cyclin binding and T loop phosphorylation for full activity. The only known CDK-activating kinase (CAK) in metazoans is Cdk7, which is also part of the transcription machinery. To test the requirements for Cdk7 in vivo, we replaced wild-type Cdk7 with a version sensitive to bulky ATP analogs in human cancer cells. Selective inhibition of Cdk7 in G1 prevents activation (but not formation) of Cdk2/cyclin complexes and delays S phase. Inhibiting Cdk7 in G2 blocks entry to mitosis and disrupts Cdk1/cyclin B complex assembly, indicating that the two steps of Cdk1 activation-cyclin binding and T loop phosphorylation-are mutually dependent. Therefore, by combining chemical genetics and homologous gene replacement in somatic cells, we reveal different modes of CDK activation by Cdk7 at two distinct execution points in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Larochelle
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Karl A. Merrick
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- Programs in Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Marie-Emilie Terret
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Lara Wohlbold
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Nora M. Barboza
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kevan M. Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Prasad V. Jallepalli
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Robert P. Fisher
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- Correspondence:
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19
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Moehring A, Wohlbold L, Aulitzky WE, van der Kuip H. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in imatinib mesylate-induced cell death. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12:627-36. [PMID: 15818402 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib targets Bcr-Abl, the causative event of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and addresses leukemic cells to growth arrest and cell death. The exact mechanisms responsible for imatinib-induced cell death are still unclear. We investigated the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in imatinib-induced cell death in Bcr-Abl-positive cells. Imatinib leads to a rapid increase of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PAR) preceding loss of integrity of mitochondrial membrane and DNA fragmentation. The effect of imatinib on PAR can be mimicked by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) implicating a central role of the PI3-K pathway in Bcr-Abl-mediated inhibition of PAR. Importantly, inhibition of PAR in imatinib-treated cells partially prevented cell death to an extent comparable to that observed after caspase inhibition. Simultaneous blockade of both caspases and PAR revealed additive cytoprotective effects indicating that both pathways function in parallel. In conclusion, our results suggest that in addition to the well-documented caspase-dependent pathway, imatinib also induces a PARP-mediated death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moehring
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Slupianek A, Gurdek E, Koptyra M, Nowicki MO, Siddiqui KM, Groden J, Skorski T. BLM helicase is activated in BCR/ABL leukemia cells to modulate responses to cisplatin. Oncogene 2005; 24:3914-22. [PMID: 15750625 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bloom protein (BLM) is a 3'-5' helicase, mutated in Bloom syndrome, which plays an important role in response to DNA double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks. Here, we show that BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase, which also modulates DNA repair capacity, is associated with elevated expression of BLM. Downregulation of BLM by antisense cDNA or dominant-negative mutant inhibits homologous recombination repair (HRR) and increases sensitivity to cisplatin in BCR/ABL-positive cells. Bone marrow cells from mice heterozygous for BLM mutation, BLM(Cin/+), transfected with BCR/ABL display increased sensitivity to cisplatin compared to those obtained from the wild-type littermates. BCR/ABL promotes interactions of BLM with RAD51, while simultaneous overexpression of BLM and RAD51 in normal cells increases drug resistance. These data suggest that BLM collaborates with RAD51 to facilitate HRR and promotes the resistance of BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells to DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Slupianek
- Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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21
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Hartmann U, Balabanov S, Ziegler P, Fellenberg J, van der Kuip H, Duyster J, Lipp HP, Bokemeyer C, Kanz L, Brümmendorf TH. Telomere length and telomerase activity in the BCR-ABL-transformed murine Pro-B cell line BaF3 is unaffected by treatment with imatinib. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:542-9. [PMID: 15850831 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imatinib mesylate is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) leukemia and other malignancies. In previous studies, we found significant telomere shortening in Ph+ cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Interestingly, imatinib treatment was found to lead to a normalization of previously shortened telomere length in CML patients. Based on recent reports demonstrating that c-ABL phosphorylates hTERT and thereby inhibits hTERT activity, a direct effect of imatinib on hTERT activity leading to telomere elongation in BCR-ABL-positive cells has been proposed by others. Such an effect could be of potential importance for telomere maintenance in Ph+ cells by facilitating clonal selection and progression of the disease to blast crisis. METHODS We investigated the impact of imatinib on telomere length and telomerase activity of the interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent murine pro-B cell line BaF3 and the BCR-ABL-positive, IL-3-independent transfectant BaF3p185 in vitro. RESULTS When BaF3 and BaF3p185 cells were treated with imatinib (the latter being rescued with IL-3), no effect on either telomerase activity or telomere length was observed. These findings can be explained by the cytoplasmatic localization of BCR-ABL found in BaF3p185 as compared to the nuclear localization of telomerase (and c-ABL). CONCLUSION As opposed to recent reports for c-ABL, we do not see evidence for a functional interaction between BCR-ABL and hTERT in this model system arguing against imatinib-mediated upregulation of hTERT as a crucial factor for clonal selection and disease progression of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Hartmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Jang JH, Chung CP. Tenascin-C promotes cell survival by activation of Akt in human chondrosarcoma cell. Cancer Lett 2005; 229:101-5. [PMID: 16157221 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Revised: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TnC) is an extracellular matrix protein that is highly expressed in tumor stroma. In this report, we examined the roles of TnC-mediated cell adhesion in the modulation of chondrosarcoma cell survival. We found that hTnC-mediated adhesion could confer a significant (P<0.05) survival advantage to human chondrosarcoma cell line, JJ012, following serum-deprivation compared with the same cells grown on poly-lysine. This pro-survival signal was due to the activation of the Akt upon adhesion to hTnC. Moreover, hTnC-induced Akt activation was blocked by LY294002 and the expression of dominant-negative Akt. Taken together, these studies support that the TnC-mediated adhesion can promote cell survival through Akt in human chondrosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University College of Medicine, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, South Korea.
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23
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Traïkia M, Marbeuf-Gueye C, Hantz E, Le Moyec L. Impact of exogenous lysolipids on sensitive and multidrug resistant K562 cells: 1H NMR studies. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 151:83-94. [PMID: 15698580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of lysolipids to enter into a membrane bi-layer and disturb the membrane structure was used to study the behavior of K562 erythroleukemic cells, K562 wild type (K562wt) as well as the multidrug resistant cells K562adr. Both types of cells, when analyzed by proton NMR spectroscopy exhibit the high resolution signals assigned to so-called "mobile lipid" signals, which, in most cases, are located outside the lipid bi-layer as lipid droplets. In order to perform these studies, the K562wt and K562adr cells were treated for 48h with lysophosphatidylcholine oleoyl (LPC18), lysophosphatidylcholine palmitoyl (LPC16) and L-alpha-lysophosphatidyslerine (LPS). After evaluating toxicity of lysolipids, proton NMR of whole treated cells was used to analyze the mobile lipid content. Nile red staining and fluorescence microscopy were used to detect the presence of intracellular lipid droplets. Membrane lipid asymmetry perturbation was estimated by annexin V staining with use of flow cytometry. Using fluorescence spectroscopy the functioning of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) responsible for multidrug resistance was also evaluated after the treatment with lysolipids. Lysolipids were found to be more toxic for K562wt than for K562adr cells. LPS and LPC16 produced an increased of a mobile lipid NMR signal and amount of lipid droplets in K562wt cells only. LPC18, with the lowest toxicity, has shown more intense effects on NMR spectra with a large increase of lipid NMR signal without changes in lipid droplet staining. The functioning of the P-gp pump and membrane asymmetry were not modified by any of the lysolipids used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Traïkia
- LPBC-CSSB, UMR CNRS 7033, UFR SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
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24
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van der Kuip H, Moehring A, Wohlbold L, Miething C, Duyster J, Aulitzky WE. Imatinib mesylate (STI571) prevents the mutator phenotype of Bcr-Abl in hematopoietic cell lines. Leuk Res 2004; 28:405-8. [PMID: 15109541 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2003.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2003] [Accepted: 08/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Progression of CML from chronic phase to blast crisis is accompanied by accumulating genetic alterations. To analyze whether this abnormality can be prevented by inhibition of Bcr-Abl, we measured the frequency of spontaneous and irradiation-induced HPRT mutations in cells treated with or without imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571). Imatinib treatment of cells expressing Bcr-Abl reversed the mutation frequency to a value comparable to that of Bcr-Abl negative cells. Experiments with a Bcr-Abl deletion mutant indicate that in addition to the kinase activity, protein-protein interactions are required for induction of the mutator phenotype by Bcr-Abl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko van der Kuip
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 110, Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Cordero EAA, Da Rocha Silla LM, Cañedo AD, Allebrandt WF, Fogliatto L, Nardi NB. Interaction Between Normal and CML Hematopoietic Progenitors and Stroma Influences Abnormal Hematopoietic Development. Stem Cells Dev 2004; 13:225-8. [PMID: 15186718 DOI: 10.1089/154732804323099154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown defective progenitor-stromal interactions in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and adhesive defects induced by BCR/ABL have been described. However, controversial results have been reported, and the role of the stroma in abnormal development of the hematopoietic system is not clear. In this study, CML hematopoietic and irradiated stromal cells were co-cultured in different combinations for 10 or 21 days. Maintenance of viable cells was dependent both on the sources of hematopoietic progenitors and stromal adherent layers, with normal cells performing better than their leukemic counterparts. The frequency of CD34(+) CD38(-) cells in the non-adherent fraction was more related to the source of hematopoietic cells than of stroma, and hematopoietic cells from normal subjects showed better performance. The simultaneous analysis of different combinations of normal and leukemic precursor cells and stromal layers, as done in the present work, suggests that the outcome of the interaction depends on characteristics of both compartments. This hematopoietic system development is influenced by intrinsic qualities of both hematopoietic stem cells and the supportive stroma.
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26
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Canitrot Y, Falinski R, Louat T, Laurent G, Cazaux C, Hoffmann JS, Lautier D, Skorski T. p210 BCR/ABL kinase regulates nucleotide excision repair (NER) and resistance to UV radiation. Blood 2003; 102:2632-7. [PMID: 12829601 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Both clinical and experimental evidence illustrate that p190 and p210 BCR/ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinases induce resistance to DNA damage and confer an intrinsic genetic instability. Here, we investigated whether BCR/ABL expression could modulate nucleotide excision repair (NER). We found that ectopic expression of p210 BCR/ABL in murine lymphoid BaF3 cell line inhibited NER activity in vitro, promoting hypersensitivity of these cells to ultraviolet (UV) treatment and facilitating a mutator phenotype. However, expression of p210 BCR/ABL in human and murine myeloid cell lines and primary bone marrow cells resulted in the increased NER activity and resistance to UV irradiation. The ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 reversed these effects, showing that p210 BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase activity is responsible for deregulation of NER. Hypoactivity of NER in p210 BCR/ABL-positive lymphoid cells was accompanied by the decreased interaction between proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and xeroderma pigmentosum group B (XPB); conversely, this interaction was enhanced in p210 BCR/ABL-positive myeloid cells. p190 BCR/ABL did not affect NER in lymphoid and myeloid cells. In summary, our study suggests that p210 BCR/ABL reduced NER activity in lymphoid cells, leading to hypersensitivity to UV and mutagenesis. In contrast, p210 BCR/ABL expression in myeloid cells facilitated NER and induced resistance to UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Canitrot
- Genetic Instability and Cancer, Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
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27
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Savickiene J, Gineitis A. 3-Deazauridine triggers dose-dependent apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells and enhances retinoic acid-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 35:1482-94. [PMID: 12818243 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nucleoside analogue 3-deazauridine (DU) exerts cytotoxic activity against cancer cells by disruption of DNA synthesis resulting in cell death. The present study evaluates whether DU alone at doses 2.5-15 microM or in combination with all trans retinoic acid (RA) or dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) is effective against myelogenous leukemia. The data of this study indicate that DU induces dose-dependent cell death by apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines HL-60, NB4, HEL and K562 as demonstrated by cell staining or flow cytometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. 24h-treatment with DU produced dose-dependent HL-60 cell growth inhibition and dose-independent S phase arrest that was not reversed upon removal of higher doses of DU (10-15 microM). Exposition to nontoxic dose of DU (2.5 microM) for 24h followed by RA or dbcAMP and 96 h-cotreatment with DU significantly enhanced RA- but not dbcAMP-mediated granulocytic differentiation. Cell maturation was paralleled with an increase in the proportion of cells in G1 or G2+M phase. We conclude that, depending on the dose or the sequence of administration with RA, an inhibitor of DNA replication, DU triggers a process of either differentiation or apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Savickiene
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku 12, 2600 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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28
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Wohlbold L, van der Kuip H, Miething C, Vornlocher HP, Knabbe C, Duyster J, Aulitzky WE. Inhibition of bcr-abl gene expression by small interfering RNA sensitizes for imatinib mesylate (STI571). Blood 2003; 102:2236-9. [PMID: 12750174 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcr-Abl proteins are effective inducers of the leukemic phenotype in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and distinct variants of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Targeting bcr-abl by treatment with the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib has proved to be highly efficient for controlling leukemic growth. However, it is unclear whether imatinib is sufficient to eradicate the disease because of primary or secondary resistance of leukemic cells. Therefore, targeting Bcr-Abl with an alternative approach is of great interest. We demonstrate that RNA interference (RNAi) with a breakpoint-specific short-interfering RNA (siRNA) is capable of decreasing Bcr-Abl protein expression and of antagonizing Bcr-Abl-induced biochemical activities. RNAi selectively inhibited Bcr-Abl-dependent cell growth. Furthermore, bcr-abl-homologous siRNA increased sensitivity to imatinib in Bcr-Abl-overexpressing cells and in a cell line expressing the imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl kinase domain mutation His396Pro, thereby antagonizing 2 of the major mechanisms of resistance to imatinib.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Wohlbold
- Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Auerbachstrasse 110, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Rameshwar P, Oh HS, Yook C, Gascon P, Chang VT. Substance p-fibronectin-cytokine interactions in myeloproliferative disorders with bone marrow fibrosis. Acta Haematol 2003; 109:1-10. [PMID: 12486316 DOI: 10.1159/000067268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) fibrosis could occur secondarily to several clinical disorders: hematological and nonhematological. Clinical presentation of fibrosis could occur in myeloproliferative diseases, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloma. The pathophysiology underlying BM fibrosis remains unclear despite intensive study, with a corresponding lack of specific therapy. This review discusses new insights in the role of substance P, cytokines and fibronectin in the development of BM fibrosis. Substance P is a neuropeptide that possesses pleiotropic properties, e.g. neurotransmission and immune/hematopoietic modulation and is linked to BM fibrosis. Cytokines and growth factors, in particular those associated with fibrogenic properties, e.g. TGF-beta, IL-1 and platelet-derived growth factor, are linked to BM fibrosis. Extracellular matrix proteins are increased in patients with BM fibrosis. Fibronectin in the sera of patients with BM fibrosis is complexed to substance P. Fibronectin appears to protect substance P from degradation by endogenous peptidases. This review describes the preliminary findings on the colocalization of substance P and fibronectin in the BM of patients with fibrosis. These data are reviewed in the context of published reports with particular focus on the relevant cytokines. A more detailed understanding of intra- and intercellular mechanisms in BM fibrosis may lead to effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, UMDNJ New Jersey Medical School, Newark, N.J. 07103, USA.
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30
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Skorski T. BCR/ABL regulates response to DNA damage: the role in resistance to genotoxic treatment and in genomic instability. Oncogene 2002; 21:8591-604. [PMID: 12476306 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BCR/ABL regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and adhesion. In addition, BCR/ABL can induce resistance to cytostatic drugs and irradiation by modulation of DNA repair mechanisms, cell cycle checkpoints and Bcl-2 protein family members. Upon DNA damage BCR/ABL not only enhances reparation of DNA lesions (e.g. homologous recombination repair), but also prolongs activation of cell cycle checkpoints (e.g. G2/M) providing more time for repair of otherwise lethal lesions. Moreover, by modification of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family (e.g. upregulation of Bcl-x(L)) BCR/ABL provides a cytoplasmic 'umbrella' protecting mitochondria from the 'rain' of apoptotic signals coming from the damaged DNA in the nucleus, thus preventing release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases. The unrepaired and/or aberrantly repaired (but not lethal) DNA lesions resulting from spontaneous and/or drug-induced damage can accumulate in BCR/ABL-transformed cells leading to genomic instability and malignant progression of the disease. Inhibition of BCR/ABL kinase activity by STI571 (Gleevec, imatinib mesylate) reverses drug resistance and, in combination with standard chemotherapeutics can exert strong anti-leukemia effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skorski
- Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19122, USA.
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Wertheim JA, Forsythe K, Druker BJ, Hammer D, Boettiger D, Pear WS. BCR-ABL-induced adhesion defects are tyrosine kinase-independent. Blood 2002; 99:4122-30. [PMID: 12010816 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.11.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(9;22) chromosomal translocation results in expression of P210(BCR-ABL), a fusion protein necessary for the development of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The constitutive activation of the P210(BCR-ABL) tyrosine kinase results in phosphorylation of multiple signaling pathways leading to the transformed phenotype. Additionally, extracellular interactions between P210(BCR-ABL)-expressing progenitor cells and bone marrow stroma may provide external signals that facilitate CML development. In contrast to the intracellular signaling pathways involved in CML, little is known about how P210(BCR-ABL) expression modifies cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions. To investigate the role of P210(BCR-ABL) in modulating cellular adhesion, we used a highly sensitive and quantitative cell detachment apparatus that measures the strength of association between a population of cells and an adhesive matrix. Our findings show that P210(BCR-ABL) expression increased adhesion nearly 2-fold between the myeloblastic cell line, 32D, and fibronectin compared to a control vector. We then investigated whether abnormal adhesion due to P210(BCR-ABL) expression was caused by its tyrosine kinase activity. A quantitative analysis of cell-fibronectin adhesion found that neither expression of a kinase-inactive P210(BCR-ABL) mutant in 32D cells or attenuation of kinase activity by STI571 (imatinib mesylate) in 32D cells transduced with wild-type P210(BCR-ABL) could correct the nearly 2-fold increase in cell-fibronectin adhesion. Similarly, STI571 treatment of Meg-01 cells, a P210(BCR-ABL)-expressing cell line derived from a patient in blast crisis, failed to inhibit adhesion to fibronectin. Together, our results indicate that changes in adhesion induced by P210(BCR-ABL) are independent of its tyrosine kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wertheim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6160, USA
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Sonoyama J, Matsumura I, Ezoe S, Satoh Y, Zhang X, Kataoka Y, Takai E, Mizuki M, Machii T, Wakao H, Kanakura Y. Functional cooperation among Ras, STAT5, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required for full oncogenic activities of BCR/ABL in K562 cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:8076-82. [PMID: 11779872 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111501200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase generated from the chromosomal translocation t(9;22) causes chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To examine the roles of BCR/ABL-activated individual signaling molecules and their cooperation in leukemogenesis, we inducibly expressed a dominant negative (DN) form of Ras, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and STAT5 alone or in combination in p210 BCR/ABL-positive K562 cells. The inducibly expressed DN Ras (N17), STAT5 (694F), and DN phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Delta p85) inhibited the growth by 90, 55, and 40%, respectively. During the growth inhibition, the expression of cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 was suppressed by N17, 694F, or Delta p85; that of cyclin E by N17; and that of cyclin A by Delta p85. In addition, N17 induced apoptosis in a small proportion of K562, whereas 694F and Delta p85 were hardly effective. In contrast, coexpression of two DN mutants in any combinations induced severe apoptosis. During these cultures, the expression of Bcl-2 was suppressed by N17, 694F, or Delta p85, and that of Bcl-XL by N17. Furthermore, although K562 was resistant to interferon-alpha- and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, disruption of one pathway by N17, 694F, or Delta p85 sensitized K562 to these reagents. These results suggested that cooperation among these molecules is required for full leukemogenic activities of BCR/ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Sonoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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