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Schweitzer L, Muranski P. Virus-specific T cell therapy to treat refractory viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00347-2. [PMID: 38857784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients require ongoing immunosuppression to prevent acute rejection, which puts them at risk of opportunistic infections. Viral infections are particularly challenging to prevent and treat as many establish latency and thus cannot be eliminated, whereas targets for small molecule antiviral medications are limited. Resistance to antivirals and unacceptable toxicity also complicate treatment. Virus-specific T cell therapies aim to restore host-specific immunity to opportunistic viruses that is lacking due to ongoing immunosuppressive therapy. This minireview will provide a state-of-the-art update of the current virus-specific T cell pipeline and translational research that is likely to lead to further treatment options for viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorne Schweitzer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, New York, USA.
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2
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Rischall A, Olson A. SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | CTLs for Infections Following Stem Cell Transplantation. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2024; 24:340-347. [PMID: 38267354 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an important modality in the treatment of acute leukemia and other hematologic disorders. The post-transplant period is associated with prolonged periods of impaired immune function. Delayed T-cell immune reconstitution is correlated with increased risk of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. This risk increases with high intensity inductions regimens often required for alternative donor sources. Current therapies for prophylaxis and treatment of these infections are limited by poor efficacy and significant toxicity. Adoptive cell therapy with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has proven to be both efficacious and safe in the management of post-transplant viral infections. Recent advances have led to faster production of CTLs and broadened applications for their use. In particular, the generation of third party CTLs has helped ameliorate the problems related to donor availability and product generation time. In this review we aim to describe both the history of CTL use and current advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Rischall
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Amanda Olson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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3
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Caforio M, Iacovelli S, Quintarelli C, Locatelli F, Folgiero V. GMP-manufactured CRISPR/Cas9 technology as an advantageous tool to support cancer immunotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:66. [PMID: 38424590 PMCID: PMC10905844 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR/Cas9 system to treat human-related diseases has achieved significant results and, even if its potential application in cancer research is improving, the application of this approach in clinical practice is still a nascent technology. MAIN BODY CRISPR/Cas9 technology is not yet used as a single therapy to treat tumors but it can be combined with traditional treatment strategies to provide personalized gene therapy for patients. The combination with chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy has been proven to be a powerful means of screening, identifying, validating and correcting tumor targets. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology and CAR T-cell therapies have been integrated to open novel opportunities for the production of more efficient CAR T-cells for all patients. GMP-compatible equipment and reagents are already available for several clinical-grade systems at present, creating the basis and framework for the accelerated development of novel treatment methods. CONCLUSION Here we will provide a comprehensive collection of the actual GMP-grade CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approaches used to support cancer therapy highlighting how this technology is opening new opportunities for treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caforio
- U.O. Cellular and Genetic Therapy of Hematological Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Iacovelli
- U.O Officina Farmaceutica, Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Quintarelli
- U.O. Cellular and Genetic Therapy of Hematological Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- U.O. Cellular and Genetic Therapy of Hematological Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- U.O. Cellular and Genetic Therapy of Hematological Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Neidemire-Colley L, Khanal S, Braunreiter KM, Gao Y, Kumar R, Snyder KJ, Weber MA, Surana S, Toirov O, Karunasiri M, Duszynski ME, Chi M, Malik P, Kalyan S, Chan WK, Naeimi Kararoudi M, Choe HK, Garzon R, Ranganathan P. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of MIR155HG in human T cells reduces incidence and severity of acute GVHD in a xenogeneic model. Blood Adv 2024; 8:947-958. [PMID: 38181781 PMCID: PMC10877121 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Using preclinical mouse models of disease, previous work in our laboratory has linked microRNA-155 (miR-155) to the development of acute GVHD. Transplantation of donor T cells from miR-155 host gene (MIR155HG) knockout mice prevented acute GVHD in multiple murine models of disease while maintaining critical graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) response, necessary for relapse prevention. In this study, we used clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing to delete miR-155 in primary T cells (MIR155HGΔexon3) from human donors, resulting in stable and sustained reduction in expression of miR-155. Using the xenogeneic model of acute GVHD, we show that NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (NSG) mice receiving MIR155HGΔexon3 human T cells provide protection from lethal acute GVHD compared with mice that received human T cells with intact miR-155. MIR155HGΔexon3 human T cells persist in the recipients displaying decreased proliferation potential, reduced pathogenic T helper-1 cell population, and infiltration into GVHD target organs, such as the liver and skin. Importantly, MIR155HGΔexon3 human T cells retain GVL response significantly improving survival in an in vivo model of xeno-GVL. Altogether, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of MIR155HG in primary human donor T cells is an innovative approach to generate allogeneic donor T cells that provide protection from lethal GVHD while maintaining robust antileukemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Neidemire-Colley
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shrijan Khanal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kara M. Braunreiter
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Yandi Gao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Rathan Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Katiri J. Snyder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Margot A. Weber
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Simran Surana
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Olimjon Toirov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Malith Karunasiri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Molly E. Duszynski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mengna Chi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sonu Kalyan
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, Long Island, NY
| | - Wing K. Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hannah K. Choe
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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Schreiber B, Tripathi S, Nikiforow S, Chandraker A. Adoptive Immune Effector Cell Therapies in Cancer and Solid Organ Transplantation: A Review. Semin Nephrol 2024; 44:151498. [PMID: 38555223 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2024.151498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating complications of kidney transplantation and constitutes one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. Immunosuppression, although effective in preventing allograft rejection, inherently inhibits immune surveillance against oncogenic viral infections and malignancy. Adoptive cell therapy, particularly immune effector cell therapy, has long been a modality of interest in both cancer and transplantation, though has only recently stepped into the spotlight with the development of virus-specific T-cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Although these modalities are best described in hematopoietic cell transplantation and hematologic malignancies, their potential application in the SOT setting may hold tremendous promise for those with limited therapeutic options. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the development of adoptive cell therapies with a focus on virus-specific T-cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. We also describe the current experience of these therapies in the SOT setting as well as the challenges in their application and future directions in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Schreiber
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sudipta Tripathi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Nikiforow
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA.
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Glaser V, Flugel C, Kath J, Du W, Drosdek V, Franke C, Stein M, Pruß A, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Volk HD, Reinke P, Wagner DL. Combining different CRISPR nucleases for simultaneous knock-in and base editing prevents translocations in multiplex-edited CAR T cells. Genome Biol 2023; 24:89. [PMID: 37095570 PMCID: PMC10123993 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic modifications may be required to develop potent off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. Conventional CRISPR-Cas nucleases install sequence-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), enabling gene knock-out or targeted transgene knock-in. However, simultaneous DSBs provoke a high rate of genomic rearrangements which may impede the safety of the edited cells. RESULTS Here, we combine a non-viral CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease-assisted knock-in and Cas9-derived base editing technology for DSB free knock-outs within a single intervention. We demonstrate efficient insertion of a CAR into the T cell receptor alpha constant (TRAC) gene, along with two knock-outs that silence major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) class I and II expression. This approach reduces translocations to 1.4% of edited cells. Small insertions and deletions at the base editing target sites indicate guide RNA exchange between the editors. This is overcome by using CRISPR enzymes of distinct evolutionary origins. Combining Cas12a Ultra for CAR knock-in and a Cas9-derived base editor enables the efficient generation of triple-edited CAR T cells with a translocation frequency comparable to unedited T cells. Resulting TCR- and MHC-negative CAR T cells resist allogeneic T cell targeting in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We outline a solution for non-viral CAR gene transfer and efficient gene silencing using different CRISPR enzymes for knock-in and base editing to prevent translocations. This single-step procedure may enable safer multiplex-edited cell products and demonstrates a path towards off-the-shelf CAR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Glaser
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Flugel
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Kath
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weijie Du
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Drosdek
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Franke
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Stein
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Pruß
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- CheckImmune GmbH, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitrios L Wagner
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Pathogen-specific T Cells: Targeting Old Enemies and New Invaders in Transplantation and Beyond. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e809. [PMID: 36698615 PMCID: PMC9831191 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with virus-specific cytotoxic T cells (VSTs) has evolved over the last three decades as a strategy to rapidly restore virus-specific immunity to prevent or treat viral diseases after solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic cell-transplantation (allo-HCT). Since the early proof-of-principle studies demonstrating that seropositive donor-derived T cells, specific for the commonest pathogens post transplantation, namely cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and generated by time- and labor-intensive protocols, could effectively control viral infections, major breakthroughs have then streamlined the manufacturing process of pathogen-specific T cells (pSTs), broadened the breadth of target recognition to even include novel emerging pathogens and enabled off-the-shelf administration or pathogen-naive donor pST production. We herein review the journey of evolution of adoptive immunotherapy with nonengineered, natural pSTs against infections and virus-associated malignancies in the transplant setting and briefly touch upon recent achievements using pSTs outside this context.
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Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), since their discovery in 2007, have rapidly become a starting cell type of choice for the differentiation of many mature cell types. Their flexibility, amenability to gene editing and functional equivalence to embryonic stem cells ensured their subsequent adoption by many manufacturing processes for cellular products. In this chapter, we will discuss the process whereby iPSCs are generated, key quality control steps which should be considered during manufacturing, the application of good manufacturing practice to production processes and iPSC-derived cellular products which are already undergoing clinical trials. iPSCs provide a new avenue for the next generation of cellular therapeutics and by combining new differentiation protocols, quality control and reproducible manufacturing, iPSC-derived cellular products could provide treatments for many currently untreatable diseases, allowing the large-scale manufacture of high-quality cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyra Lawrence
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA) and Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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9
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Farheen J, Hosmane NS, Zhao R, Zhao Q, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. Nanomaterial-assisted CRISPR gene-engineering - A hallmark for triple-negative breast cancer therapeutics advancement. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100450. [PMID: 36267139 PMCID: PMC9576993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most violent class of tumor and accounts for 20–24% of total breast carcinoma, in which frequently rare mutation occurs in high frequency. The poor prognosis, recurrence, and metastasis in the brain, heart, liver and lungs decline the lifespan of patients by about 21 months, emphasizing the need for advanced treatment. Recently, the adaptive immunity mechanism of archaea and bacteria, called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) combined with nanotechnology, has been utilized as a potent gene manipulating tool with an extensive clinical application in cancer genomics due to its easeful usage and cost-effectiveness. However, CRISPR/Cas are arguably the efficient technology that can be made efficient via organic material-assisted approaches. Despite the efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas@nano complex, problems regarding successful delivery, biodegradability, and toxicity remain to render its medical implications. Therefore, this review is different in focus from past reviews by (i) detailing all possible genetic mechanisms of TNBC occurrence; (ii) available treatments and gene therapies for TNBC; (iii) overview of the delivery system and utilization of CRISPR-nano complex in TNBC, and (iv) recent advances and related toxicity of CRISPR-nano complex towards clinical trials for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabeen Farheen
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Narayan S. Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy & Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - M. Zubair Iqbal
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Corresponding author. Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Corresponding author. Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
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10
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Immunocompromised host section: Adoptive T-cell therapy for dsDNA viruses in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:302-311. [PMID: 35849520 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses remain important causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). As treatment options are limited, adoptive therapy with virus-specific T cells (VST) is promising in restoring immunity and thereby preventing and treating virus infections. Here we review current evidence and recent advances in the field of VST for dsDNA viruses in allogeneic HCT recipients. RECENT FINDINGS Four different protocols for VST generation are currently used in clinical trials, and various products including multivirus-specific and off-the-shelf products are under investigation for prophylaxis, preemptive therapy or treatment. Data from nearly 1400 dsDNA-VST applications in allogeneic HCT patients have been published and demonstrated its safety. Although Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and adenovirus-specific T-cell therapy studies have predominated over the past 25 years, additional human herpes viruses were added to multivirus-specific T cells over the last decade and clinical evidence for polyomavirus-specific VST has just recently emerged. Response rates of around 70-80% have been reported, but cautious interpretation is warranted as data are predominantly from phase 1/2 studies and clinical efficacy needs to be confirmed in phase 3 studies. SUMMARY Investigation on the 'ideal' composition of VST is ongoing. Several products recently entered phase 3 trials and may allow widespread clinical use in the near future.
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11
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Kaštánková I, Štach M, Žižková H, Ptáčková P, Šmilauerová K, Mucha M, Šroller V, Otáhal P. Enzymatically produced piggyBac transposon vectors for efficient non-viral manufacturing of CD19-specific CAR T cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:119-127. [PMID: 34631931 PMCID: PMC8482285 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The piggyBac transposon system provides a non-viral alternative for cost-efficient and simple chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell production. The generation of clinical-grade CAR T cells requires strict adherence to current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) standards. Unfortunately, the high costs of commonly used lentiviral or retroviral vectors limit the manufacturing of clinical-grade CAR T cells in many non-commercial academic institutions. Here, we present a manufacturing platform for highly efficient generation of CD19-specific CAR T cells (CAR19 T cells) based on co-electroporation of linear DNA transposon and mRNA encoding the piggyBac transposase. The transposon is prepared enzymatically in vitro by PCR and contains the CAR transgene flanked by piggyBac 3′ and 5′ arms. The mRNA is similarly prepared via in vitro transcription. CAR19 T cells are expanded in the combination of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-7, and IL-21 to prevent terminal differentiation of CAR T cells. The accurate control of vector copy number (VCN) is achieved by decreasing the concentration of the transposon DNA, and the procedure yields up to 1 × 108 CAR19 T cells per one electroporation of 1 × 107 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after 21 days of in vitro culture. Produced cells contain >60% CAR+ cells with VCN < 3. In summary, the described manufacturing platform enables a straightforward cGMP certification, since the transposon and transposase are produced abiotically in vitro via enzymatic synthesis. It is suitable for the cost-effective production of highly experimental, early-phase CAR T cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Kaštánková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Štach
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czechia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Žižková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Ptáčková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Šmilauerová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czechia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Mucha
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czechia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Šroller
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Otáhal
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
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12
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Reichardt SD, Amouret A, Muzzi C, Vettorazzi S, Tuckermann JP, Lühder F, Reichardt HM. The Role of Glucocorticoids in Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112921. [PMID: 34831143 PMCID: PMC8616489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 70 years, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been a powerful and affordable treatment option for inflammatory diseases. However, their benefits do not come without a cost, since GCs also cause side effects. Therefore, strong efforts are being made to improve their therapeutic index. In this review, we illustrate the mechanisms and target cells of GCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of some of the most frequent inflammatory disorders affecting the central nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, the lung, and the joints, as well as graft-versus-host disease, which often develops after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, an overview is provided of novel approaches aimed at improving GC therapy based on chemical modifications or GC delivery using nanoformulations. GCs remain a topic of highly active scientific research despite being one of the oldest class of drugs in medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille D. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Agathe Amouret
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Muzzi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.V.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Jan P. Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.V.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Holger M. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-3963365
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13
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Hefazi M, Bolivar-Wagers S, Blazar BR. Regulatory T Cell Therapy of Graft-versus-Host Disease: Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9676. [PMID: 34575843 PMCID: PMC8469916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers an exciting option to prevent and/or treat GVHD as these cells naturally function to maintain immune homeostasis, can induce tolerance following HSCT, and have a tissue reparative function. Studies to date have established a clinical safety profile for polyclonal Tregs. Functional enhancement through genetic engineering offers the possibility of improved potency, specificity, and persistence. In this review, we provide the most up to date preclinical and clinical data on Treg cell therapy with a particular focus on GVHD. We discuss the different Treg subtypes and highlight the pharmacological and genetic approaches under investigation to enhance the application of Tregs in allo-HSCT. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges for optimal clinical translation and provide insights as to future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
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14
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Basar R, Uprety N, Ensley E, Daher M, Klein K, Martinez F, Aung F, Shanley M, Hu B, Gokdemir E, Nunez Cortes AK, Mendt M, Reyes Silva F, Acharya S, Laskowski T, Muniz-Feliciano L, Banerjee PP, Li Y, Li S, Melo Garcia L, Lin P, Shaim H, Yates SG, Marin D, Kaur I, Rao S, Mak D, Lin A, Miao Q, Dou J, Chen K, Champlin RE, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. Generation of glucocorticoid-resistant SARS-CoV-2 T cells for adoptive cell therapy. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109432. [PMID: 34270918 PMCID: PMC8260499 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with virus-specific T cells has been used successfully to treat life-threatening viral infections, supporting application of this approach to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We expand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) T cells from the peripheral blood of COVID-19-recovered donors and non-exposed controls using different culture conditions. We observe that the choice of cytokines modulates the expansion, phenotype, and hierarchy of antigenic recognition by SARS-CoV-2 T cells. Culture with interleukin (IL)-2/4/7, but not under other cytokine-driven conditions, results in more than 1,000-fold expansion in SARS-CoV-2 T cells with a retained phenotype, function, and hierarchy of antigenic recognition compared with baseline (pre-expansion) samples. Expanded cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are directed against structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including the receptor-binding domain of Spike. SARS-CoV-2 T cells cannot be expanded efficiently from the peripheral blood of non-exposed controls. Because corticosteroids are used for management of severe COVID-19, we propose an efficient strategy to inactivate the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in SARS-CoV-2 CTLs using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafet Basar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nadima Uprety
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Ensley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly Klein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fleur Aung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayra Shanley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingqian Hu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elif Gokdemir
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana Karen Nunez Cortes
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayela Mendt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francia Reyes Silva
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Acharya
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamara Laskowski
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis Muniz-Feliciano
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pinaki P Banerjee
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sufang Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luciana Melo Garcia
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hila Shaim
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sean G Yates
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David Marin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Indreshpal Kaur
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheetal Rao
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Duncan Mak
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angelique Lin
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinzhuang Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Karavalakis G, Yannaki E, Papadopoulou A. Reinforcing the Immunocompromised Host Defense against Fungi: Progress beyond the Current State of the Art. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060451. [PMID: 34204025 PMCID: PMC8228486 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of a variety of antifungal drugs, opportunistic fungal infections still remain life-threatening for immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation. Suboptimal efficacy, toxicity, development of resistant variants and recurrent episodes are limitations associated with current antifungal drug therapy. Adjunctive immunotherapies reinforcing the host defense against fungi and aiding in clearance of opportunistic pathogens are continuously gaining ground in this battle. Here, we review alternative approaches for the management of fungal infections going beyond the state of the art and placing an emphasis on fungus-specific T cell immunotherapy. Harnessing the power of T cells in the form of adoptive immunotherapy represents the strenuous protagonist of the current immunotherapeutic approaches towards combating invasive fungal infections. The progress that has been made over the last years in this field and remaining challenges as well, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Karavalakis
- Hematology Department-Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, “George Papanikolaou” Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Hematology Department-Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, “George Papanikolaou” Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Hematology Department-Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, “George Papanikolaou” Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (E.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2313-307-693; Fax: +30-2313-307-521
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16
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Amini L, Greig J, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Volk HD, Bézie S, Reinke P, Guillonneau C, Wagner DL, Anegon I. Super-Treg: Toward a New Era of Adoptive Treg Therapy Enabled by Genetic Modifications. Front Immunol 2021; 11:611638. [PMID: 33717052 PMCID: PMC7945682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory Tcells (Treg) are essential components of peripheral immune homeostasis. Adoptive Treg cell therapy has shown efficacy in a variety of immune-mediated diseases in preclinical studies and is now moving from phase I/IIa to larger phase II studies aiming to demonstrate efficacy. However, hurdles such as in vivo stability and efficacy remain to be addressed. Nevertheless, preclinical models have shown that Treg function and specificity can be increased by pharmacological substances or gene modifications, and even that conventional T cells can be converted to Treg potentially providing new sources of Treg and facilitating Treg cell therapy. The exponential growth in genetic engineering techniques and their application to T cells coupled to a large body of knowledge on Treg open numerous opportunities to generate Treg with "superpowers". This review summarizes the genetic engineering techniques available and their applications for the next-generation of Super-Treg with increased function, stability, redirected specificity and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amini
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Greig
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Bézie
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Petra Reinke
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Dimitrios L. Wagner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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17
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Annaloro C, Serpenti F, Saporiti G, Galassi G, Cavallaro F, Grifoni F, Goldaniga M, Baldini L, Onida F. Viral Infections in HSCT: Detection, Monitoring, Clinical Management, and Immunologic Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 11:569381. [PMID: 33552044 PMCID: PMC7854690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of an increasing array of investigations, the relationships between viral infections and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are still controversial, and almost exclusively regard DNA viruses. Viral infections per se account for a considerable risk of morbidity and mortality among HSCT recipients, and available antiviral agents have proven to be of limited effectiveness. Therefore, an optimal management of viral infection represents a key point in HSCT strategies. On the other hand, viruses bear the potential of shaping immunologic recovery after HSCT, possibly interfering with control of the underlying disease and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and eventually with HSCT outcome. Moreover, preliminary data are available about the possible role of some virome components as markers of immunologic recovery after HSCT. Lastly, HSCT may exert an immunotherapeutic effect against some viral infections, notably HIV and HTLV-1, and has been considered as an eradicating approach in these indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Annaloro
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Serpenti
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Saporiti
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Galassi
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cavallaro
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Grifoni
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Goldaniga
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Baldini
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Onida
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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18
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Koukoulias K, Papayanni PG, Georgakopoulou A, Alvanou M, Laidou S, Kouimtzidis A, Pantazi C, Gkoliou G, Vyzantiadis TA, Spyridonidis A, Makris A, Chatzidimitriou A, Psatha N, Anagnostopoulos A, Yannaki E, Papadopoulou A. "Cerberus" T Cells: A Glucocorticoid-Resistant, Multi-Pathogen Specific T Cell Product to Fight Infections in Severely Immunocompromised Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608701. [PMID: 33537032 PMCID: PMC7848034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy (AI) with pathogen-specific T cells is a promising alternative to pharmacotherapy for the treatment of opportunistic infections after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation. However, clinical implementation of AI is limited to patients not receiving high-dose steroids, a prerequisite for optimal T-cell function, practically excluding the most susceptible to infections patients from the benefits of AI. To address this issue, we here rapidly generated, clinical doses of a steroid-resistant T-cell product, simultaneously targeting four viruses (adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and BK virus) and the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, by genetic disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene using CRISPR/CAS9 ribonucleoprotein delivery. The product, “Cerberus” T cells (Cb-STs), was called after the monstrous three-headed dog of Greek mythology, due to its triple potential; specificity against viruses, specificity against fungi and resistance to glucocorticoids. Following efficient on-target GR disruption and minimal off-target editing, the generated Cb-STs maintained the characteristics of pentavalent-STs, their unedited counterparts, including polyclonality, memory immunophenotype, specificity, and cytotoxicity while they presented functional resistance to dexamethasone. Cb-STs may become a powerful, one-time treatment for severely immunosuppressed patients under glucocorticoids who suffer from multiple, life-threatening infections post-transplant, and for whom therapeutic choices are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiriakos Koukoulias
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Penelope-Georgia Papayanni
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Georgakopoulou
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Alvanou
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Internal Medicine, BMT Unit, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stamatia Laidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kouimtzidis
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Pantazi
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Glykeria Gkoliou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Antonios Makris
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Psatha
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Achilles Anagnostopoulos
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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19
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Amini L, Wagner DL, Rössler U, Zarrinrad G, Wagner LF, Vollmer T, Wendering DJ, Kornak U, Volk HD, Reinke P, Schmueck-Henneresse M. CRISPR-Cas9-Edited Tacrolimus-Resistant Antiviral T Cells for Advanced Adoptive Immunotherapy in Transplant Recipients. Mol Ther 2021; 29:32-46. [PMID: 32956624 PMCID: PMC7791012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections, such as with cytomegalovirus (CMV), remain a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity of transplant recipients because of their requirement for lifelong immunosuppression (IS). Antiviral drugs often cause toxicity and sometimes fail to control disease. Thus, regeneration of the antiviral immune response by adoptive antiviral T cell therapy is an attractive alternative. Our recent data, however, show only short-term efficacy in some solid organ recipients, possibly because of malfunction in transferred T cells caused by ongoing IS. We developed a vector-free clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9-based good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant protocol that efficiently targets and knocks out the gene for the adaptor protein FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12), required for the immunosuppressive function of tacrolimus. This was achieved by transient delivery of ribonucleoprotein complexes into CMV-specific T cells by electroporation. We confirmed the tacrolimus resistance of our gene-edited T cell products in vitro and demonstrated performance comparable with non-tacrolimus-treated unmodified T cells. The alternative calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A can be administered as a safety switch to shut down tacrolimus-resistant T cell activity in case of adverse effects. Furthermore, we performed safety assessments as a prerequisite for translation to first-in-human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amini
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Laurin Wagner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Rössler
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Zarrinrad
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Livia Felicitas Wagner
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tino Vollmer
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Désirée Jacqueline Wendering
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Ciccocioppo R, Comoli P, Astori G, Del Bufalo F, Prapa M, Dominici M, Locatelli F. Developing cell therapies as drug products. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:262-279. [PMID: 33140850 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, the global regulatory frameworks for drug assessment have been managing the challenges posed by using cellular products as new therapeutic tools. Currently, they are defined as "Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products", comprising a large group of cellular types that either alone or in combination with gene and tissue engineering technology. They have the potential to change the natural course of still lethal or highly debilitating diseases, including cancers, opportunistic infections and chronic inflammatory conditions. Globally, more than 50 cell-based products have obtained market authorization. This overview describes the advantages and unsolved challenges on developing cells as innovative therapeutic vehicles. The main cell therapy players and the legal framework are discussed, starting from chimeric antigen receptor T-cells for leukaemia and solid tumours, dealing then with lymphocytes as potent anti-microbiological tools and then focusing on mesenchymal stem/stromal cells whose role covers regenerative medicine, immunology and anti-tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, A.O.U.I. Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Cell Factory and Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Laboratory of Advanced Cellular Therapies, Haematology Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, A.U.L.S.S. 8 "Berica", Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, I.R.C.C.S. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Malvina Prapa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, I.R.C.C.S. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Paediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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21
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Basso S, Compagno F, Zelini P, Giorgiani G, Boghen S, Bergami E, Bagnarino J, Siciliano M, Del Fante C, Luppi M, Zecca M, Comoli P. Harnessing T Cells to Control Infections After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567531. [PMID: 33178192 PMCID: PMC7593558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dramatic progress in the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from alternative sources in pediatric patients has been registered over the past decade, providing a chance to cure children and adolescents in need of a transplant. Despite these advances, transplant-related mortality due to infectious complications remains a major problem, principally reflecting the inability of the depressed host immune system to limit infection replication and dissemination. In addition, development of multiple infections, a common occurrence after high-risk allo-HSCT, has important implications for overall survival. Prophylactic and preemptive pharmacotherapy is limited by toxicity and, to some extent, by lack of efficacy in breakthrough infections. T-cell reconstitution is a key requirement for effective infection control after HSCT. Consequently, T-cell immunotherapeutic strategies to boost pathogen-specific immunity may complement or represent an alternative to drug treatments. Pioneering proof of principle studies demonstrated that the administration of donor-derived T cells directed to human herpesviruses, on the basis of viral DNA monitoring, could effectively restore specific immunity and confer protection against viral infections. Since then, the field has evolved with implementation of techniques able to hasten production, allow for selection of specific cell subsets, and target multiple pathogens. This review provides a brief overview of current cellular therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat pathogen-related complications after HSCT, research carried out to increase efficacy and safety, including T-cell production for treatment of infections in patients with virus-naïve donors, results from clinical trials, and future developments to widen adoptive T-cell therapy access in the HSCT setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Basso
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Cell Factory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Compagno
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Zelini
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Cell Factory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giorgiani
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stella Boghen
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Bergami
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Bagnarino
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Cell Factory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Siciliano
- Cell Factory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Cell Factory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Basar R, Uprety N, Ensley E, Daher M, Klein K, Martinez F, Aung F, Shanley M, Hu B, Gokdemir E, Mendt M, Silva FR, Acharya S, Laskowski T, Muniz-Feliciano L, Banerjee P, Li Y, Li S, Garcia LM, Lin P, Shaim H, Yates SG, Marin D, Kaur I, Rao S, Mak D, Lin A, Miao Q, Dou J, Chen K, Champlin R, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. Generation of glucocorticoid resistant SARS-CoV-2 T-cells for adoptive cell therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32995792 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.15.298547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with viral-specific T cells has been successfully used to treat life-threatening viral infections, supporting the application of this approach against COVID-19. We expanded SARS-CoV-2 T-cells from the peripheral blood of COVID-19-recovered donors and non-exposed controls using different culture conditions. We observed that the choice of cytokines modulates the expansion, phenotype and hierarchy of antigenic recognition by SARS-CoV-2 T-cells. Culture with IL-2/4/7 but not other cytokine-driven conditions resulted in >1000 fold expansion in SARS-CoV-2 T-cells with a retained phenotype, function and hierarchy of antigenic recognition when compared to baseline (pre-expansion) samples. Expanded CTLs were directed against structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including the receptor-binding domain of Spike. SARS-CoV-2 T-cells could not be efficiently expanded from the peripheral blood of non-exposed controls. Since corticosteroids are used for the management of severe COVID-19, we developed an efficient strategy to inactivate the glucocorticoid receptor gene ( NR3C1 ) in SARS-CoV-2 CTLs using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.
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