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Liu J, Jiao W, Li F, Xie Y, Meng M, Hao J. Rosuvastatin inhibit ox-LDL-induced platelet activation by the p38/MAPK pathway. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH242359. [PMID: 39269826 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study intends to explore the effects of Rosuvastatin on ox-LDL induced platelet activation and its molecular mechanism. METHODS Platelet aggregation rate was detected by aggregometer. ELISA kit was used to detect the levels of cAMP. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the platelet adhesion. The expression levels of platelet surface markers CD62p and PAC-1 were detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of p-p38, p-IKKa and p-IKKB in platelets were detected by western blot. RESULTS We found that rosuvastatin significantly inhibited platelet aggregation and increased the level of cAMP in a dose-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that rosuvastatin could inhibit platelet adhesion. Flow cytometry results showed that rosuvastatin could reduce the expression of platelet activation markers. Western blot results showed that rosuvastatin could down-regulate the expression levels of p-p38, p-IKKa and p-IKKb. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the rosuvastatin could inhibit the aggregation, adhesion and activation of platelet induced by ox-LDL, its mechanism may be related to inhibition of p38/MAPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Liu
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Li
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanan Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingjie Meng
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Guo X, Ye S, Cheng X, Huang Y, Sun G, An Y, Du J, Dong Z, Nie G, Zhang Y. Engineered P2Y 12-Overexpressing Cell-Membrane-Wrapped Nanoparticles for the Functional Reversal of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10482-10489. [PMID: 39140872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Antiplatelet agents, particularly P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, are critical medicines in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases in the clinic. However, their long-term use introduces a significant risk of bleeding in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Whether the bleeding is caused by the drug itself or due to surgical procedures or trauma, the need to rapidly reverse the effects of antiplatelet agents in the circulation is essential; however, no such agents are currently available. To address this need, here we describe a strategy that uses cell-membrane-wrapped nanoparticles (CM-NPs) for the rapid reversal of P2Y12 inhibitors. CM-NPs are fabricated with membranes derived from 293T cells genetically engineered to overexpress the P2Y12 receptor. Our findings support the potential of CM-NPs as a strategy for managing bleeding complications associated with P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, offering an approach to improve the safety in the use of these drugs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Siping Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China
| | - Yubiao Huang
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China
| | - Ge Sun
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China
| | - Yang An
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jiarui Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Dong
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China
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3
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O'Donoghue L, Smolenski A. Roles of G proteins and their GTPase-activating proteins in platelets. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231420. [PMID: 38808367 PMCID: PMC11139668 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate blood cells supporting vascular function. They circulate in a quiescent state monitoring the vasculature for injuries. Platelets adhere to injury sites and can be rapidly activated to secrete granules and to form platelet/platelet aggregates. These responses are controlled by signalling networks that include G proteins and their regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Recent proteomics studies have revealed the complete spectrum of G proteins, GEFs, and GAPs present in platelets. Some of these proteins are specific for platelets and very few have been characterised in detail. GEFs and GAPs play a major role in setting local levels of active GTP-bound G proteins in response to activating and inhibitory signals encountered by platelets. Thus, GEFs and GAPs are highly regulated themselves and appear to integrate G protein regulation with other cellular processes. This review focuses on GAPs of small G proteins of the Arf, Rab, Ras, and Rho families, as well as of heterotrimeric G proteins found in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna O'Donoghue
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green 123, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green 123, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Pan D, Ladds G, Rahman KM, Pitchford SC. Exploring bias in platelet P2Y 1 signalling: Host defence versus haemostasis. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:580-592. [PMID: 37442808 PMCID: PMC10952580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are necessary for maintaining haemostasis. Separately, platelets are important for the propagation of inflammation during the host immune response against infection. The activation of platelets also causes inappropriate inflammation in various disease pathologies, often in the absence of changes to haemostasis. The separate functions of platelets during inflammation compared with haemostasis are therefore varied and this will be reflected in distinct pathways of activation. The activation of platelets by the nucleotide adenosine diphosphate (ADP) acting on P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors is important for the development of platelet thrombi during haemostasis. However, P2Y1 stimulation of platelets is also important during the inflammatory response and paradoxically in scenarios where no changes to haemostasis and platelet aggregation occur. In these events, Rho-GTPase signalling, rather than the canonical phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) signalling pathway, is necessary. We describe our current understanding of these differences, reflecting on recent advances in knowledge of P2Y1 structure, and the possibility of biased agonism occurring from activation via other endogenous nucleotides compared with ADP. Knowledge arising from these different pathways of P2Y1 stimulation of platelets during inflammation compared with haemostasis may help therapeutic control of platelet function during inflammation or infection, while preserving essential haemostasis. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non-thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxin Pan
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Chemical Biology Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Simon C. Pitchford
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Gupta S, Cooper M, Zhao X, Yarman Y, Thomson H, DeHelian D, Brass LF, Ma P. A regulatory node involving Gα q, PLCβ, and RGS proteins modulates platelet reactivity to critical agonists. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3633-3639. [PMID: 37657560 PMCID: PMC10840692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most platelet agonists work through G protein-coupled receptors, activating pathways that involve members of the Gq, Gi, and G12/G13 families of heterotrimeric G proteins. Gq signaling has been shown to be critical for efficient platelet activation. Growing evidence suggests that regulatory mechanisms converge on G protein-coupled receptors and Gq to prevent overly robust platelet reactivity. OBJECTIVES To identify and characterize mechanisms by which Gq signaling is regulated in platelets. METHODS Based on our prior experience with a Gαi2 variant that escapes regulation by regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, a Gαq variant was designed with glycine 188 replaced with serine (G188S) and then incorporated into a mouse line so that its effects on platelet activation and thrombus formation could be studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS As predicted, the G188S substitution in Gαq disrupted its interaction with RGS18. Unexpectedly, it also uncoupled PLCβ-3 from activation by platelet agonists as evidenced by a loss rather than a gain of platelet function in vitro and in vivo. Binding studies showed that in addition to preventing the binding of RGS18 to Gαq, the G188S substitution also prevented the binding of PLCβ-3 to Gαq. Structural analysis revealed that G188 resides in the region that is also important for Gαq binding to PLCβ-3 in platelets. We conclude that the Gαq signaling node is more complex than that has been previously understood, suggesting that there is cross-talk between RGS proteins and PLCβ-3 in the context of Gαq signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Gupta
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanki Yarman
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Thomson
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel DeHelian
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence F Brass
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peisong Ma
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Renna SA, Zhao X, Kunapuli SP, Ma P, Holinstat M, Boxer MB, Maloney DJ, Michael JV, McKenzie SE. Novel Strategy to Combat the Procoagulant Phenotype in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Using 12-LOX Inhibition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1808-1817. [PMID: 37345522 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a major concern for all individuals that undergo cardiac bypass surgeries or require prolonged heparin exposure. HIT is a life- and limb-threatening adverse drug reaction with an immune response following the formation of ultra-large immune complexes that drive platelet activation through the receptor FcγRIIA. Thrombotic events remain high following the standard of care treatment with anticoagulants, while increasing risk of bleeding complications. This study sought to investigate a novel approach to treatment of HIT. Recent reports demonstrate increased procoagulant activity in HIT; however, these reports required analysis ex vivo, and relevance in vivo remains unclear. METHODS Using human and mouse model systems, we investigated the cooperativity of PARs (protease-activated receptors) and FcγRIIA in HIT. We challenged humanized FcγRIIA transgenic mice with or without endogenous mouse Par4 (denoted as IIA-Par4+/+ or IIA-Par4-/-, respectively) with a well-established model IgG immune complex (anti [α]-CD9). Furthermore, we assessed the procoagulant phenotype and efficacy to treat HIT utilizing inhibitor of 12-LOX (12[S]-lipoxygenase), VLX-1005, previously reported to decrease platelet activation downstream of FcγRIIA and PAR4, using the triple allele HIT mouse model. RESULTS IIA-Par4+/+ mice given αCD9 were severely thrombocytopenic, with extensive platelet-fibrin deposition in the lung. In contrast, IIA-Par4-/- mice had negligible thrombocytopenia or pulmonary platelet-fibrin thrombi. We observed that pharmacological inhibition of 12-LOX resulted in a significant reduction in both platelet procoagulant phenotype ex vivo, and thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in our humanized mouse model of HIT in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time the need for dual platelet receptor (PAR and FcγRIIA) stimulation for fibrin formation in HIT in vivo. These results extend our understanding of HIT pathophysiology and provide a scientific rationale for targeting the procoagulant phenotype as a possible therapeutic strategy in HIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Renna
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (S.A.R., X.Z., P.M., J.V.M., S.E.M.)
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (S.A.R., X.Z., P.M., J.V.M., S.E.M.)
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Center and the Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Peisong Ma
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (S.A.R., X.Z., P.M., J.V.M., S.E.M.)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.)
| | | | | | - James V Michael
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (S.A.R., X.Z., P.M., J.V.M., S.E.M.)
| | - Steven E McKenzie
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (S.A.R., X.Z., P.M., J.V.M., S.E.M.)
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Paul DS, Blatt TN, Schug WJ, Clark EG, Kawano T, Mackman N, Murcia S, Poe KO, Mwiza JMN, Harden TK, Bergmeier W, Nicholas RA. Loss of P2Y 1 receptor desensitization does not impact hemostasis or thrombosis despite increased platelet reactivity in vitro. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1891-1902. [PMID: 36958516 PMCID: PMC10809801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemostatic plug formation at sites of vascular injury is strongly dependent on rapid platelet activation and integrin-mediated adhesion and aggregation. However, to prevent thrombotic complications, platelet aggregate formation must be a self-limiting process. The second-wave mediator adenosine diphosphate (ADP) activates platelets via Gq-coupled P2Y1 and Gi-coupled P2Y12 receptors. After ADP exposure, the P2Y1 receptor undergoes rapid phosphorylation-induced desensitization, a negative feedback mechanism believed to be critical for limiting thrombus growth. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the role of rapid P2Y1 receptor desensitization on platelet function and thrombus formation in vivo. METHODS We analyzed a novel knock-in mouse strain expressing a P2Y1 receptor variant that cannot be phosphorylated beyond residue 340 (P2Y1340-0P), thereby preventing the desensitization of the receptor. RESULTS P2Y1340-0P mice followed a Mendelian inheritance pattern, and peripheral platelet counts were comparable between P2Y1340-0P/340-0P and control mice. In vitro, P2Y1340-0P/340-0P platelets were hyperreactive to ADP, showed a robust activation response to the P2Y1 receptor-selective agonist, MRS2365, and did not desensitize in response to repeated ADP challenge. We observed increased calcium mobilization, protein kinase C substrate phosphorylation, alpha granule release, activation of the small GTPase Rap1, and integrin inside-out activation/aggregation. This hyperreactivity, however, did not lead to increased platelet adhesion or excessive plug formation under physiological shear conditions. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate that receptor phosphorylation at the C-terminus is critical for P2Y1 receptor desensitization in platelets and that impaired desensitization leads to increased P2Y1 receptor signaling in vitro. Surprisingly, desensitization of the P2Y1 receptor is not required for limiting platelet adhesion/aggregation at sites of vascular injury, likely because ADP is degraded quickly or washed away in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. https://twitter.com/David_S_Paul
| | - Tasha N Blatt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wyatt J Schug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily G Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kawano
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sebastian Murcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn O Poe
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean Marie N Mwiza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Kendall Harden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Robert A Nicholas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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