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Peden DB. Respiratory Health Effects of Air Pollutants. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:15-33. [PMID: 37973257 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a risk factor for asthma and respiratory infection. Avoidance of air pollution is the best approach to mitigating the impacts of pollution. Personal preventive strategies are possible, but policy interventions are the most effective ways to prevent pollution and its effect on asthma and respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Peden
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, The School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC School of Medicine, 104 Mason Farm Road, CB#7310, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7310, USA.
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Visez N, Hamzé M, Vandenbossche K, Occelli F, de Nadaï P, Tobon Y, Hájek T, Choël M. Uptake of ozone by allergenic pollen grains. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121793. [PMID: 37196838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ozone exacerbates allergy symptoms to certain pollens. The molecular mechanisms by which ozone affects pollen grains (PGs) and allergies are not fully understood, especially as the effects of pollutants may vary depending on the type of pollen. In this work, pollens of 22 different taxa were exposed under laboratory conditions to ozone (100 ppb) to quantify the ozone uptake by the PGs. The ozone uptake was highly variable among the 22 taxa tested. The highest ozone uptake per PG was measured on Acer negundo PGs (2.5 ± 0.2 pg. PG-1). On average, tree pollens captured significantly more ozone than herbaceous pollens (average values of 0.5 and 0.02 pg. PG-1, respectively). No single parameter (such as the number of apertures, time of the year for the pollen season, pollen size, or lipid fraction) could predict a pollen's ability to take up ozone. Lipids seem to act as a barrier to ozone uptake and play a protective role for some taxa. After inhalation of PGs, pollen-transported ozone could be transferred to mucous membranes and exacerbate symptoms through oxidative stress and local inflammation. Although the amount of ozone transported is small in absolute terms, it is significant compared to the antioxidant capacity of nasal mucus at a microscale. This mechanism of pollen-induced oxidative stress could explain the aggravation of allergic symptoms during ozone pollution episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Visez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Mona Hamzé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de L'Atmosphère, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Klervi Vandenbossche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR, 4515, LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florent Occelli
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR, 4515, LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Patricia de Nadaï
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yeny Tobon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Choël
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
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Frisk CA, Adams-Groom B, Smith M. Isolating the species element in grass pollen allergy: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163661. [PMID: 37094678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Grass pollen is a leading cause of allergy in many countries, particularly Europe. Although many elements of grass pollen production and dispersal are quite well researched, gaps still remain around the grass species that are predominant in the air and which of those are most likely to trigger allergy. In this comprehensive review we isolate the species aspect in grass pollen allergy by exploring the interdisciplinary interdependencies between plant ecology, public health, aerobiology, reproductive phenology and molecular ecology. We further identify current research gaps and provide open ended questions and recommendations for future research in an effort to focus the research community to develop novel strategies to combat grass pollen allergy. We emphasise the role of separating temperate and subtropical grasses, identified through divergence in evolutionary history, climate adaptations and flowering times. However, allergen cross-reactivity and the degree of IgE connectivity in sufferers between the two groups remains an area of active research. The importance of future research to identify allergen homology through biomolecular similarity and the connection to species taxonomy and practical implications of this to allergenicity is further emphasised. We also discuss the relevance of eDNA and molecular ecological techniques (DNA metabarcoding, qPCR and ELISA) as important tools in quantifying the connection between the biosphere with the atmosphere. By gaining more understanding of the connection between species-specific atmospheric eDNA and flowering phenology we will further elucidate the importance of species in releasing grass pollen and allergens to the atmosphere and their individual role in grass pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Frisk
- Department of Urban Greening and Vegetation Ecology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway.
| | - Beverley Adams-Groom
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Smith
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
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Zieglmayer PU, Pfaar O. Update on the use of allergen challenge chambers in immunotherapy: clinical implications. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:132-136. [PMID: 35067579 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to reflect on and discuss recent evidence of applicability of allergen exposure chambers (AEC) for allergen immunotherapy studies, especially focussing on validation of AECs, technical documentation and future perspectives. RECENT FINDINGS Publications covered by this review summarize the historical background, current status of research use and validation of AEC systems. It describes identified unmet needs regarding comparability of AEC systems, reproducibility of clinical assessments and correlation of AEC-induced symptoms with scores under natural environmental exposure. Furthermore, new information on technical specifications, for example, dimensions, allergen dispersal and validation procedures is highlighted and future activities of the EAACI AEC task force group regarding harmonization of clinical endpoints are delineated. SUMMARY AECs are in use for evaluation of allergic patients for over three decades now. As different systems largely vary regarding technical set up and standard assessments, detailed technical documentation must be available. To gain acceptance of regulatory authorities for pivotal immunotherapy trials conducted with the use of AEC system, harmonization of clinical assessments as well as documentation of correlation of clinical AEC outcomes with environmental exposure clinical scores is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra U Zieglmayer
- Karl Landsteiner University, Krems
- Vienna Challenge Chamber, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Pfaar O, Bergmann K, Bonini S, Compalati E, Domis N, Blay F, Kam P, Devillier P, Durham SR, Ellis AK, Gherasim A, Haya L, Hohlfeld JM, Horak F, Iinuma T, Jacobs RL, Jacobi HH, Jutel M, Kaul S, Kelly S, Klimek L, Larché M, Lemell P, Mahler V, Nolte H, Okamoto Y, Patel P, Rabin RL, Rather C, Sager A, Salapatek AM, Sigsgaard T, Togias A, Willers C, Yang WH, Zieglmayer R, Zuberbier T, Zieglmayer P. Technical standards in allergen exposure chambers worldwide - an EAACI Task Force Report. Allergy 2021; 76:3589-3612. [PMID: 34028057 DOI: 10.1111/all.14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergen exposure chambers (AECs) can be used for controlled exposure to allergenic and non-allergenic airborne particles in an enclosed environment, in order to (i) characterize the pathological features of respiratory diseases and (ii) contribute to and accelerate the clinical development of pharmacological treatments and allergen immunotherapy for allergic disease of the respiratory tract (such as allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and allergic asthma). In the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency for the clinical development of products for allergen immunotherapy (AIT), the role of AECs in determining primary endpoints in dose-finding Phase II trials is emphasized. Although methodologically insulated from the variability of natural pollen exposure, chamber models remain confined to supporting secondary, rather than primary, endpoints in Phase III registration trials. The need for further validation in comparison with field exposure is clearly mandated. On this basis, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) initiated a Task Force in 2015 charged to gain a better understanding of how AECs can generate knowledge about respiratory allergies and can contribute to the clinical development of treatments. Researchers working with AECs worldwide were asked to provide technical information in eight sections: (i) dimensions and structure of the AEC, (ii) AEC staff, (iii) airflow, air processing, and operating conditions, (iv) particle dispersal, (v) pollen/particle counting, (vi) safety and non-contamination measures, (vii) procedures for symptom assessments, (viii) tested allergens/substances and validation procedures. On this basis, a minimal set of technical requirements for AECs applied to the field of allergology is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Karl‐Christian Bergmann
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergy Centre Charité Berlin Germany
| | - Sergio Bonini
- Institute of Translational Medicine Italian National Research Council Rome Italy
| | | | - Nathalie Domis
- ALYATEC Environmental Exposure Chamber Strasbourg France
| | - Frédéric Blay
- ALYATEC Environmental Exposure Chamber Strasbourg France
- Chest Diseases Department Strasbourg University Hospital Strasbourg France
| | | | - Philippe Devillier
- Department of Airway Diseases Pharmacology Research Laboratory‐VIM Suresnes, Exhalomics Platform, Hôpital Foch University Paris‐Saclay Suresnes France
| | | | - Anne K. Ellis
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences Queen's University Kingston ON Canada
- Allergy Research Unit Kingston General Health Research Institute Kingston ON Canada
| | - Alina Gherasim
- ALYATEC Environmental Exposure Chamber Strasbourg France
| | | | - Jens M. Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine and Department of Respiratory Medicine Hannover Medical School Member of the German Center for Lung Research Hannover Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐MED Medical Research Institute Wrocław Poland
| | | | | | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Germany
- Allergy Center Rhineland‐Palatinate Mainz University Medical Center Mainz Germany
| | - Mark Larché
- Divisions of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, and Respirology Department of Medicine and Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Piyush Patel
- Cliantha Research Limited Mississauga ON Canada
- Providence Therapeutics Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ronald L. Rabin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | | | | | | | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment Occupation and Health Danish Ramazzini Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Alkis Togias
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | | | | | | | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergy Centre Charité Berlin Germany
| | - Petra Zieglmayer
- Vienna Challenge Chamber Vienna Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University Krems Austria
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