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Cottin V, Valenzuela C. Evidence from recent clinical trials in fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:484-493. [PMID: 39114938 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the prototype of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. It is mirrored by progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), an umbrella term which characterizes disease behavior of various fibrotic interstitial lung diseases with irreversible progression, accounting for loss of lung function, exercise intolerance and respiratory failure leading to early mortality. Pirfenidone and nintedanib halve the decline in lung function but do not halt disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS Since the publication in 2014 of pivotal pirfenidone and nintedanib studies, a number of clinical trials were conducted, many of them did not reach their primary endpoints. In IPF, promising phase 2 trials were followed by large phase 3 trials that did not confirm a favorable efficacy to tolerability favorable profile, including those with ziritaxestat, an autotaxin-1 inhibitor, zinpentraxin-alpha (human recombinant pentraxin-2), and the monoclonal antibody pamrevlumab targeting connective tissue growth factor. Nevertheless, newer compounds that hold promise are currently being evaluated in phase 3 or phase 2b randomized controlled trials, including: nerandomilast, a preferential phosphodiesterase 4B inhibitor; admilparant, a lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonist; inhaled treprostinil, a prostacyclin agonist; and bexotegrast, a dual-selective inhibitor of αvβ6 and αvβ1 integrins. Nerandomilast, admilparant, inhaled treprostinil, and inhaled AP01 (pirfenidone), are currently studied in patients with PPF. SUMMARY Despite recent frustrating negative results, there is a growing portfolio of candidate drugs developed in both IPF and PPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cottin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, member of ERN-LUNG, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon
- UMR 754, INRAE, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- ILD Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital universitario de la Princesa, Universitad autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Granados L, John M, Edelman JD. New Therapies in Outpatient Pulmonary Medicine. Med Clin North Am 2024; 108:843-869. [PMID: 39084837 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Newer medications and devices, as well as greater understanding of the benefits and limitations of existing treatments, have led to expanded treatment options for patients with lung disease. Treatment advances have led to improved outcomes for patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, and cystic fibrosis. The risks and benefits of available treatments are substantially variable within these heterogeneous disease groups. Defining the role of newer therapies mandates both an understanding of these disorders and overall treatment approaches. This section will review general treatment approaches in addition to focusing on newer therapies for these conditions..
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Granados
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mira John
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Edelman
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Puget Sound Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA, USA
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Cassady SJ, Almario JAN, Ramani GV. Therapeutic Potential of Treprostinil Inhalation Powder for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Evidence to Date. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2024; 16:51-59. [PMID: 38855777 PMCID: PMC11162632 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s372239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex and incurable disease for which pulmonary vasodilators remain the core therapy. Of the three primary pathways that vasodilators target, the prostacyclin pathway was the earliest to be used and currently has the largest number of modalities for drug delivery. Inhaled treprostinil has been introduced as a treatment option in PAH and, more recently, pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD), and the earlier nebulized form has been joined by a dry powder form allowing for more convenient use. In this review, we discuss inhaled treprostinil, focusing on the dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulation, and explore its dosing, applications, and evidence to support patient tolerance and acceptance. Recent trials underpinning the evidence for use of inhaled treprostinil and the most recent developments concerning the drug are discussed. Finally, the review looks briefly into premarket formulations of inhaled treprostinil and relevant early studies suggesting efficacy in PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cassady
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gautam V Ramani
- Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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MacIsaac S, Somboonviboon D, Scallan C, Kolb M. Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an update on emerging drugs in phase II & III clinical trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024; 29:177-186. [PMID: 38588523 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2340723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, debilitating lung disease with poor prognosis. Although two antifibrotics have been approved in the past decade there are no curative therapies. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the current landscape of IPF research in the development of novel compounds for the treatment of IPF while also evaluating repurposed medications and their role in the management of IPF. The literature search includes studies found on PubMed, conference abstracts, and press releases until March 2024. EXPERT OPINION Disease progression in IPF is driven by a dysregulated cycle of microinjury, aberrant wound healing, and propagating fibrosis. Current drug development focuses on attenuating fibrotic responses via multiple pathways. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4i), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) antagonists, dual-selective inhibitor of αvβ6 and αvβ1 integrins, and the prostacyclin agonist Treprostinil have had supportive phase II clinical trial results in slowing decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in IPF. Barriers to drug development specific to IPF include the lack of a rodent model that mimics IPF pathology, the nascent understanding of the role of genetics affecting development of IPF and response to treatment, and the lack of a validated biomarker to monitor therapeutic response in patients with IPF. Successful treatment of IPF will likely include a multi-targeted approach anchored in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah MacIsaac
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Dalhousie University, Halifax Infirmary, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Dujrath Somboonviboon
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ciaran Scallan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Weatherald J, Nathan SD, El-Kersh K, Argula RG, DuBrock HM, Rischard FP, Cassady SJ, Tarver J, Levine DJ, Tapson VF, Deng C, Shen E, Das M, Waxman AB. Inhaled treprostinil in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease with less severe haemodynamics: a post hoc analysis of the INCREASE study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002116. [PMID: 38519114 PMCID: PMC10961504 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled treprostinil (iTre) is the only treatment approved for pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) to improve exercise capacity. This post hoc analysis evaluated clinical worsening and PH-ILD exacerbations from the 16-week INCREASE study and change in 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) in the INCREASE open-label extension (OLE) in patients with less severe haemodynamics. METHODS Patients were stratified by baseline pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) of <4 Wood units (WU) versus ≥4 WU and <5 WU versus ≥5 WU. Exacerbations of underlying lung disease, clinical worsening and change in N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in INCREASE were evaluated. For the OLE, patients previously assigned to placebo were considered to have a 16-week treatment delay. 6MWD and clinical events in the OLE were evaluated by PVR subgroup. RESULTS Of the 326 patients enrolled in INCREASE, patients with less severe haemodynamics receiving iTre had fewer exacerbations of underlying lung disease and clinical worsening events. This was supported by the Bayesian analysis of the risk of disease progression (HR<1), and significant decreases in NT-proBNP levels. In the OLE, patients without a treatment delay had improved exercise capacity after 1-year compared with those with a 16-week treatment delay (22.1 m vs -10.3 m). Patients with a PVR of ≤5 WU without a treatment delay had a change of 5.5 m compared with -8.2 m for those with a treatment delay. Patients without a treatment delay had a prolonged time to hospitalisation, lung disease exacerbation and death. CONCLUSION Treatment with iTre led to consistent benefits in clinical outcomes in patients with PH-ILD and less severe haemodynamics. Earlier treatment in less severe PH-ILD may lead to better exercise capacity long-term, however, the subgroup analyses in this post hoc study were underpowered and confirmation of these findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Weatherald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Inova Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Karim El-Kersh
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Rahul G Argula
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Steven J Cassady
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Tarver
- AdventHealth Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Chunqin Deng
- United Therapeutics Corp Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Shen
- United Therapeutics Corp Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manisit Das
- United Therapeutics Corp Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aaron B Waxman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nathan SD, Johri S, Joly JM, King CS, Raina A, McEvoy CA, Lee D, Shen E, Smith P, Deng C, Waxman AB. Survival analysis from the INCREASE study in PH-ILD: evaluating the impact of treatment crossover on overall mortality. Thorax 2024; 79:301-306. [PMID: 37979971 PMCID: PMC10958253 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A post-hoc analysis of the INCREASE trial and its open-label extension (OLE) was performed to evaluate whether inhaled treprostinil has a long-term survival benefit in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD). METHODS Two different models of survival were employed; the inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) and the rank-preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) models both allow construction of a pseudo-placebo group, thereby allowing for long-term survival evaluation of patients with PH-ILD receiving inhaled treprostinil. Time-varying stabilised weights were calculated by fitting Cox proportional hazards models based on the baseline and time-varying prognostic factors to generate weighted Cox regression models with associated adjusted HRs. RESULTS In the INCREASE trial, there were 10 and 12 deaths in the inhaled treprostinil and placebo arms, respectively, during the 16-week randomised trial. During the OLE, all patients received inhaled treprostinil and there were 29 and 33 deaths in the prior inhaled treprostinil arm and prior placebo arm, respectively. With a conventional analysis, the HR for death was 0.71 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.10; p=0.1227). Both models demonstrated significant reductions in death associated with inhaled treprostinil treatment with HRs of 0.62 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.99; p=0.0483) and 0.26 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.98; p=0.0473) for the IPCW and RPSFT methods, respectively. CONCLUSION Two independent modelling techniques that have been employed in the oncology literature both suggest a long-term survival benefit associated with inhaled treprostinil treatment in patients with PH-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Nathan
- Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Shilpa Johri
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Associates of Richmond Inc, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Joanna M Joly
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher S King
- Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Amresh Raina
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Colleen A McEvoy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dasom Lee
- United Therapeutics, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Shen
- United Therapeutics, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Smith
- United Therapeutics, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chunqin Deng
- United Therapeutics, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aaron B Waxman
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Piccari L, Wort SJ. Use of inhaled treprostinil in patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension: to boldly go where no other pulmonary vasodilator has gone before? Thorax 2024; 79:295-296. [PMID: 38307844 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-221167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Piccari
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen John Wort
- Pulmonary Hypertension Department, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Imperial College London National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
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Kitahara K, Omura J, Wada S, Kim SW. Patient and Therapeutic Profiles of Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Lung Diseases in Japan: A Cohort Study Using a Claims Database. Pulm Ther 2024; 10:21-49. [PMID: 37950789 PMCID: PMC10881911 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-023-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is often complicated by chronic lung diseases (CLDs) such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Differentiating between PH associated with CLD (group 3 PH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in CLD is often difficult and reporting on the efficacy of PAH-specific therapies is inconsistent as a result of the lack of understanding of the heterogeneity of patients with PH. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted to understand the baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment profiles of patients with PH in CLD in a real-world setting using a large-scale claims database (Medical Data Vision). Administrative and clinical data for patients admitted to acute-care hospitals in Japan between April 2008 and January 2021 were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 115,921 patients with CLD (109,578 with COPD and 6343 with ILD, of whom 569 and 176 had PH, respectively) were analyzed. This study found lower PH diagnosis rates among patients with COPD and patients with ILD than in previous studies. The majority of PH with CLD patients were elderly (mean age 75.7 years) and male (80.81%). Among patients with CLD prescribed PAH-specific therapies (105 patients with COPD; 64 patients with ILD), most received these as monotherapy (COPD, 84.76%; ILD, 75.56%); the most common were phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (COPD, 42.70%; ILD, 18.37%), prostacyclins (oral; COPD, 48.31%; ILD, 24.49%), and endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) (COPD, 8.99%; ILD, 18.37%). Comorbidities (e.g., pulmonary, cardiac, kidney), home oxygen therapy (HOT), and echocardiography (ECHO) were factors associated with the diagnosis of PH. CONCLUSION This is the first study using an administrative database that provides real-world data on patients with PH in CLD in Japan. Our results indicate that PH may be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in Japan which may lead to suboptimal treatment for patients, and supports the need for further evidence to guide appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kitahara
- Medical Affairs, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., 3-5-2 Nishikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0065, Japan.
| | - Junichi Omura
- Medical Affairs, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., 3-5-2 Nishikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0065, Japan
| | - Shingo Wada
- Real World Evidence Solutions, IQVIA Solutions Japan K.K., 4-10-18 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - Seok-Won Kim
- Real World Evidence Solutions, IQVIA Solutions Japan K.K., 4-10-18 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
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Yong J, Shu H, Zhang X, Yang K, Luo G, Yu L, Li J, Huang H. Natural Products-Based Inhaled Formulations for Treating Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1723-1748. [PMID: 38414528 PMCID: PMC10898359 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s451206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the unique physiological and pathological characteristics of the lung, the direct, inhalable route is more conducive to pulmonary drug delivery and disease control than traditional systemic drug delivery, significantly circumventing drug loss, off-target effects, systemic and organ toxicity, etc., and is widely regarded as the preferred regimen for pulmonary drug delivery. However, very few lung diseases are currently treated with the preferred inhaled formulations, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension. And there is a lack of appropriate inhaled formulations for other critical lung diseases, such as lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, due to the fact that the physicochemical properties of the drugs and their pharmacokinetic profiles do not match the physiology of the lung, and conventional inhalation devices are unable to deliver them to the specific parts of the lung. Phytochemicals of natural origin, due to their wide availability and clear safety profile, hold great promise for the preparation of inhalable formulations to improve the current dilemma in the treatment of lung diseases. In particular, the preparation of inhalable formulations based on nano- and microparticulate carriers for drug delivery to deep lung tissues, which overcome the shortcomings of conventional inhalation therapies while targeting the drug activity directly to a specific part of the lung, may be the best approach to change the current dilemma of lung disease treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in nano- and micron-carrier-based inhalation formulations for the delivery of natural products for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, which may represent an opportunity for practical clinical translation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Yong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Children Special Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guining Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of China
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Wang JJ, Jin S, Zhang H, Xu Y, Hu W, Jiang Y, Chen C, Wang DW, Xu HE, Wu C. Molecular recognition and activation of the prostacyclin receptor by anti-pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk5184. [PMID: 38335293 PMCID: PMC10857463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor (IP) is a Gs-coupled receptor associated with blood pressure regulation, allergy, and inflammatory response. It is a main therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and several other diseases. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human IP-Gs complex bound with two anti-PAH drugs, treprostinil and MRE-269 (active form of selexipag), at global resolutions of 2.56 and 2.41 angstrom, respectively. These structures revealed distinct features governing IP ligand binding, receptor activation, and G protein coupling. Moreover, comparison of the activated IP structures uncovered the mechanism and key residues that determine the superior selectivity of MRE-269 over treprostinil. Combined with molecular docking and functional studies, our structures provide insight into agonist selectivity, ligand recognition, receptor activation, and G protein coupling. Our results provide a structural template for further improving IP-targeting drugs to reduce off-target activation of prostanoid receptors and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Sanshan Jin
- Lingang laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - H. Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Canrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Halank M, Zeder KE, Sommer N, Ulrich S, Held M, Köhler T, Foris V, Heberling M, Neurohr C, Ronczka J, Holt S, Skowasch D, Kneidinger N, Behr J. [Pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease]. Pneumologie 2023; 77:916-925. [PMID: 37963481 DOI: 10.1055/a-2145-4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases and hypoventilation syndromes are often associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). In most cases, PH is not severe. This is defined hemodynamically by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm) > 20 mmHg, a pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg and a pulmonary vascular resistance of ≤ 5 Wood units (WU). Both the non-severe (PVR ≤ 5 WU) and much more the severe PH (PVR > 5 WU) have an unfavorable prognosis.If PH is suspected, it is recommended to primarily check whether risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, group 1 PH) or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH, group 4 PH) are present. If risk factors are present or there is a suspicion of severe PH in lung patients, it is recommended that the patient should be presented to a PH outpatient clinic promptly.For patients with severe PH associated with lung diseases, personalized, individual therapy is recommended - if possible within the framework of therapy studies. Currently, a therapy attempt with PH specific drugs should only be considered in COPD patients if the associated PH is severe and a "pulmonary vascular" phenotype (severe precapillary PH, but typically only mild to moderate airway obstruction, no or mild hypercapnia and DLCO < 45 % of predicted value) is present. In patients with severe PH associated with interstitial lung disease phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors may be considered in individual cases. Inhaled treprostinil may be considered also in non-severe PH in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Halank
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU Dresden, Med. Klinik I, Bereich Pneumologie, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Katarina E Zeder
- Klinische Abteilung für Pulmonologie, Med. Universität Graz, Österreich
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Lungengefäßforschung, Graz, Österreich
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Justus-Liebig-Universitätsklinikum Gießen, Medizinische Klinik II, Pneumologie
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC)
| | | | - Matthias Held
- Klinikum Würzburg Mitte, Medizinische Klinik Schwerpunkt Pneumologie & Beatmungsmedizin
| | - Thomas Köhler
- Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Department Innere Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Vasile Foris
- Klinische Abteilung für Pulmonologie, Med. Universität Graz, Österreich
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Lungengefäßforschung, Graz, Österreich
| | - Melanie Heberling
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU Dresden, Med. Klinik I, Bereich Pneumologie, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Claus Neurohr
- RBK Lungenzentrum Stuttgart am Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Abteilung Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - Julia Ronczka
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU Dresden, Med. Klinik I, Bereich Pneumologie, Dresden, Deutschland
| | | | - Dirk Skowasch
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Med. Klinik und Poliklinik II, Sektion Pneumologie, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, LMU Klinikum, LMU München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Mitglied des Deutschen Zentrums für Lungenforschung (DZL), München, Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, LMU Klinikum, LMU München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Mitglied des Deutschen Zentrums für Lungenforschung (DZL), München, Deutschland
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Olsson KM, Corte TJ, Kamp JC, Montani D, Nathan SD, Neubert L, Price LC, Kiely DG. Pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease: new insights into pathomechanisms, diagnosis, and management. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2023; 11:820-835. [PMID: 37591300 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic lung diseases, particularly interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, frequently develop pulmonary hypertension, which results in clinical deterioration, worsening of oxygen uptake, and an increased mortality risk. Pulmonary hypertension can develop and progress independently from the underlying lung disease. The pulmonary vasculopathy is distinct from that of other forms of pulmonary hypertension, with vascular ablation due to loss of small pulmonary vessels being a key feature. Long-term tobacco exposure might contribute to this type of pulmonary vascular remodelling. The distinct pathomechanisms together with the underlying lung disease might explain why treatment options for this condition remain scarce. Most drugs approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension have shown no or sometimes harmful effects in pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease. An exception is inhaled treprostinil, which improves exercise capacity in patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension. There is a pressing need for safe, effective treatment options and for reliable, non-invasive diagnostic tools to detect and characterise pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Olsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tamera J Corte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan C Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - David Montani
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 999, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura C Price
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David G Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield, UK
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13
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Cottin V, Valenzuela C, Humbert M. Inhaled treprostinil for interstitial lung disease-associated pulmonary hypertension: a silver lining on a very dark cloud. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2300944. [PMID: 37385654 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00944-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, ERN-LUNG, UMR 754, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Humbert
- National Reference Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Bicêtre Hospital (AP-HP), ERN-LUNG, Inserm 999, University Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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