1
|
Miravitlles M, Turner AM, Sucena M, Mornex JF, Greulich T, Wencker M, McElvaney NG. Assessment and monitoring of lung disease in patients with severe alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency: a european delphi consensus of the EARCO group. Respir Res 2024; 25:318. [PMID: 39160517 PMCID: PMC11334445 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is conflicting information and guidance on the effective management of Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD). Establishing a consensus of assessment and disease management specific to AATD is important for achieving a standardized treatment pathway and for improving patient outcomes. Here, we aim to utilize the Delphi method to establish a European consensus for the assessment and management of patients with severe AATD. METHODS Two rounds of a Delphi survey were completed online by members of the European Alpha-1 Research Collaboration (EARCO). Respondents were asked to indicate their agreement with proposed statements for patients with no respiratory symptoms, stable respiratory disease, and worsening respiratory disease using a Likert scale of 1-7. Levels of agreement between respondents were calculated using a weighted average. RESULTS Round 1 of the Delphi survey was sent to 103 members of EARCO and 38/103 (36.9%) pulmonologists from across 15 countries completed all 109 questions. Round 2 was sent to all who completed Round 1 and 36/38 (94.7%) completed all 79 questions. Responses regarding spirometry, body plethysmography, high-resolution computed tomography, and the initiation of augmentation therapy showed little variability among physicians, but there was discordance among other aspects, such as the use of low-dose computed tomography in both a research setting and routine clinical care. CONCLUSIONS These results provide expert opinions for the assessment and monitoring of patients with severe AATD, which could be used to provide updated recommendations and standardized treatment pathways for patients across Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network On Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERN LUNG), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alice M Turner
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria Sucena
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean-François Mornex
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, UMR754, IVPC, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Inserm, CIC1407, F-69100, Lyon, France
| | - Timm Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - N Gerard McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martín T, Guimarães C, Esquinas C, Torres-Duran M, Turner AM, Tanash H, Rodríguez-García C, Corsico A, López-Campos JL, Bartošovská E, Stæhr Jensen JU, Hernández-Pérez JM, Sucena M, Miravitlles M. Risk of lung disease in the PI*SS genotype of alpha-1 antitrypsin: an EARCO research project. Respir Res 2024; 25:260. [PMID: 38926693 PMCID: PMC11210092 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PI*S variant is one of the most prevalent mutations within alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). The risk of developing AATD-related lung disease in individuals with the PI*SS genotype is poorly defined despite its substantial prevalence. Our study aimed to characterize this genotype and its risk for lung disease and compare it with the PI*ZZ and PI*SZ genotypes using data from the European Alpha-1 antitrypsin Deficiency Research Collaboration international registry. METHOD Demographic, clinical, functional, and quality of life (QoL) parameters were assessed to compare the PI*SS characteristics with the PI*SZ and PI*ZZ controls. A propensity score with 1:3 nearest-neighbour matching was performed for the most important confounding variables. RESULTS The study included 1007 individuals, with PI*SS (n = 56; 5.6%), PI*ZZ (n = 578; 57.4%) and PI*SZ (n = 373; 37.0%). The PI*SS population consisted of 58.9% men, with a mean age of 59.2 years and a mean FEV1(% predicted) of 83.4%. Compared to PI*ZZ individuals they had less frequent lung disease (71.4% vs. 82.2%, p = 0.037), COPD (41.4% vs. 60%, p = 0.002), and emphysema (23.2% vs. 51.9%, p < 0.001) and better preserved lung function, fewer exacerbations, lower level of dyspnoea, and better QoL. In contrast, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of lung diseases between PI*SS and PI*SZ, or lung function parameters, exacerbations, dyspnoea, or QoL. CONCLUSIONS We found that, as expected, the risk of lung disease associated with the PI*SS genotype is significantly lower compared with PI*ZZ, but does not differ from that observed in PI*SZ individuals, despite having higher serum AAT levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (ID: NCT04180319).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Martín
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Av. Carlos Teixeira 3, Loures, 2674-514, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Guimarães
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Esquinas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Torres-Duran
- Pneumology Department, NeumoVigo I+i Research Group, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, IIS Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alice M Turner
- Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hanan Tanash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carlota Rodríguez-García
- Pneumology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angelo Corsico
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Bartošovská
- Department of Pneumology, Thomayer Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José María Hernández-Pérez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de La Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Sucena
- Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus. CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scioscia G, Santacroce R, Tondo P, Hoxhallari A, Soccio P, Giuffreda E, D'Ambrosio MF, Leccese A, Paladini L, Natale MP, Moriondo G, Foschino Barbaro MP, Margaglione M, Lacedonia D. A Report on a Targeted Screening Population for Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) in Central-Southern Italy. Arch Bronconeumol 2024:S0300-2896(24)00191-1. [PMID: 38876920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2024.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Department of Specialistic Medicine, Respiratory Care Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosa Santacroce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Anela Hoxhallari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Department of Specialistic Medicine, Respiratory Care Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ernesto Giuffreda
- Department of Specialistic Medicine, Respiratory Care Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelica Leccese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Paladini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Department of Specialistic Medicine, Respiratory Care Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pio Natale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Department of Specialistic Medicine, Respiratory Care Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moriondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Department of Specialistic Medicine, Respiratory Care Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Department of Specialistic Medicine, Respiratory Care Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brantly ML, Kuhn BT, Farah HW, Mahadeva R, Cole A, Chang CL, Brown CD, Campos MA, Lascano JE, Babcock EK, Bhagwat SP, Boyea TF, Veldstra CA, Andrianov V, Kalabus JL, Eckelman BP, Veale AG. Recombinant Alpha-1 Antitrypsin-Fc Fusion Protein INBRX-101 in Adults With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Phase 1 Study. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2024; 11:282-292. [PMID: 38809792 PMCID: PMC11216232 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Background Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is characterized by low alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels, predisposing individuals to lung disease. The standard of care, plasma-derived AAT (pdAAT), is delivered as weekly infusions to maintain serum AAT concentrations ≥11µM (≈50% of those in healthy individuals). INBRX-101, a recombinant human AAT-Fc fusion protein, was designed to have a longer half-life and achieve higher AAT levels than pdAAT. Methods In this phase 1 dose-escalation study (N=31), adults with AATD received 1 dose (part 1) or 3 doses (part 2) of 10 (part 1), 40, 80, or 120mg/kg INBRX-101 every 3 weeks (Q3W) via intravenous infusion. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of INBRX-101. Results INBRX-101 was well tolerated. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were grade ≤2. In part 2 (n=18; each dose, n=6), dose-related increases in serum functional AAT (fAAT) were observed; mean fAAT levels remained above the 21 µM target for up to 4 weeks after the final dose in the 120-mg/kg cohort. Antidrug antibodies had no meaningful impact on PK or PD. INBRX-101 was detected in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) from all patients assessed (n=11), and PELF fAAT increased after dosing. PK/PD modeling projected steady-state serum fAAT ≥21µM at 120 mg/kg Q3W (average concentration ≈43µM; trough concentration ≈28µM) and Q4W (≈34µM; ≈21µM). Conclusion The favorable safety profile and ability to maintain serum fAAT levels >21µM with extended-interval dosing, support a phase 2 trial evaluating Q3W and Q4W dosing of INBRX-101.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Brantly
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Brooks T. Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California- Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Humam W. Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Hannibal Clinic, Hannibal, Missouri, United States
| | - Ravi Mahadeva
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Cole
- Medical Department, Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Catherina L. Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Cynthia D. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Michael A. Campos
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Jorge E. Lascano
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew G. Veale
- New Zealand Respiratory and Sleep Institute, Greenlane East, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdelhamed W, El-Kassas M. Rare liver diseases in Egypt: Clinical and epidemiological characterization. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:75-83. [PMID: 38228442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Illnesses that afflict a tiny number of individuals are referred to as rare diseases (RDs), sometimes called orphan diseases. The local healthcare systems are constantly under financial, psychological, and medical strain due to low incidence rates, unusual presentations, flawed diagnostic standards, and a lack of treatment alternatives for these RDs. The effective management of the once widely spread viral hepatitis B and C has altered the spectrum of liver diseases in Egypt during the last several years. The detection of uncommon disorders such as autoimmune, cholestatic, and hereditary liver diseases has also been made easier by the increasing knowledge and greater accessibility of specific laboratory testing. Finally, despite Egypt's large population, there are more uncommon liver disorders than previously thought. This review article discusses the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a few uncommon liver disorders and the information currently accessible concerning these illnesses in Egypt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdelhamed
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen G, Liu J, Yang H, Xie N, Yang Y. mRNA therapies: Pioneering a new era in rare genetic disease treatment. J Control Release 2024; 369:696-721. [PMID: 38580137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Rare genetic diseases, often referred to as orphan diseases due to their low prevalence and limited treatment options, have long posed significant challenges to our medical system. In recent years, Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy has emerged as a highly promising treatment approach for various diseases caused by genetic mutations. Chemically modified mRNA is introduced into cells using carriers like lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), producing functional proteins that compensate for genetic deficiencies. Given the advantages of precise dosing, biocompatibility, transient expression, and minimal risk of genomic integration, mRNA therapies can safely and effectively correct genetic defects in rare diseases and improve symptoms. Currently, dozens of mRNA drugs targeting rare diseases are undergoing clinical trials. This comprehensive review summarizes the progress of mRNA therapy in treating rare genetic diseases. It introduces the development, molecular design, and delivery systems of mRNA therapy, highlighting their research progress in rare genetic diseases based on protein replacement and gene editing. The review also summarizes research progress in various rare disease models and clinical trials. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and future prospects of mRNA therapy. Researchers are encouraged to join this field and collaborate to advance the clinical translation of mRNA therapy, bringing hope to patients with rare genetic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Shen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanmei Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blanco I, Miravitlles M. Genetic Epidemiology of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in Macaronesia. Respiration 2024; 103:368-377. [PMID: 38588657 DOI: 10.1159/000538293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) in Macaronesia (i.e., Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde archipelagos) is poorly known. Our goal was to update it by selecting the most reliable available articles. METHOD Literature search using MEDLINE, Embase (via Ovid), and Google Scholar, until December 2023, for studies on prevalence of AATD in the general population and in screenings, published in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS Three studies carried out in the general population of Madeira, La Palma, and Cape Verde, and three screenings carried out in La Palma (2) and Gran Canaria (1) were selected. The frequencies of PI*S in the general population showed an ascending gradient, from South to North, with values (per thousand) of 35 in Cape Verde, 82 in La Palma, and 180 in Madeira. The PI*Z frequencies showed this same gradient, with values of 2 × 1,000 in Cape Verde, 21 in La Palma, and 25 in Madeira. Screenings detected high percentages of defective alleles, including several rare and null alleles, some unique to these islands. CONCLUSION The frequencies of PI*S and PI*Z in Madeira are comparable to the highest in the world. Those of the Canary Islands are similar to those of the peninsular population of Spain, and contrast with the low rates of Cape Verde. Screenings detected high numbers of deficient alleles. These results support the systematic investigation of AATD in clinically suspected patients and in relatives of index cases, to reduce underdiagnosis and apply early preventive and therapeutic measures in those affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Blanco
- Hospital Valle del Nalón, Pneumology Service (retired), Langreo, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choate R, Holm KE, Sandhaus RA, Mannino DM, Strange C. Characteristics associated with SF-36 in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated COPD: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:138. [PMID: 38500152 PMCID: PMC10949668 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generic measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), such as the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), are widely used in assessing chronic conditions. These tools have an advantage over disease-specific instruments, as they allow comparisons across different health conditions and with the general population. In alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), HRQoL research remains scarce. This cross-sectional study evaluates the factors associated with HRQoL in a cohort of patients with AATD-associated COPD. METHODS Our study included participants of AlphaNet (2008-2019), a health management organization for people with AATD in the US who are prescribed augmentation therapy. Norm-based SF-36 scores for the mental and physical component summary scores (MCS and PCS, mean of 50 ± 10 in the general US population) and 8 individual scales were evaluated. Individuals with lung disease and data available on ≥1 measurement on any SF-36 scale and clinically relevant characteristics such as modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, exacerbation frequency, productive cough, and use of oxygen were included in these analyses. Generalized linear regression models were fit to examine the association of baseline characteristics with MCS and PCS scores. Age, sex, regular use of oxygen, exacerbation frequency, mMRC, and productive cough were included in these models. RESULTS Participants (n=4398, mean age 57.6 [SD=10.6] years, 45.4% female) had a mean MCS score of 51.2 ± 10.8 and PCS of 36.3 ± 9.8. The average mMRC score was 2.4 ± 1.3, and 56.4% had 2 or more exacerbations per year. Overall, the physical component of SF-36 was more severely impacted compared to the mental component. In multivariable regression analyses, PCS scores were significantly associated with exacerbation frequency, mMRC, regular use of oxygen, and productive cough; MCS was associated with age, sex, exacerbation frequency, mMRC, and productive cough. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that patient-perceived physical health is significantly impaired in this cohort of people with AATD-associated COPD compared to mental health. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the change in physical and mental health status over time in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Choate
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, United States.
| | - Kristen E Holm
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
- AlphaNet, Inc, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Robert A Sandhaus
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
- AlphaNet, Inc, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - David M Mannino
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Charlie Strange
- AlphaNet, Inc, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gonçalves AS, Carvalho J, Sousa C, Seixas S, Teixeira V. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in Madeira Island: The first null variant and the contribution of deficient genotypes. Pulmonology 2024; 30:177-179. [PMID: 37783642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Carvalho
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Sousa
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Susana Seixas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Teixeira
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alwadani FA, Wheeler K, Pittaway H, Turner AM. Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Underlying Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Practical Recommendations. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2024; 11:121-132. [PMID: 37813825 PMCID: PMC10913928 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an often-overlooked genetic condition that makes individuals susceptible to early onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The established benefits of exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for usual COPD patients are unclear for those with underlying AATD, especially given potentially differing muscle adaptations to exercise. This review seeks to compare PR outcomes between AATD and usual COPD patients and to consolidate current knowledge on exercise intervention outcomes for the AATD population. Methods A thorough search of 4 databases (Ovid, Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL) was conducted based on 3 search concepts: (1) alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, (2) pulmonary rehabilitation OR exercise, and (3) muscle morphology. A dual review process and quality assessment were independently implemented throughout all stages of the review. Results Four studies highlighted modest exercise capacity and quality of life in AATD patients undergoing PR. However, one study reported unique muscle and mitochondrial responses compared to usual COPD patients. Additionally, a moderate exercise session did not alter pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in AATD patients, despite higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α levels in muscle biopsies compared to usual COPD patients. Conclusions The current literature base insufficiently addresses the efficacy of PR on AATD, with indications that exercise adaptation may deviate from that of usual COPD patients. Further research is needed to optimize PR, particularly in identifying the most suitable exercise intensity, and delivery setting, and addressing specific educational needs for individuals with AATD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz A. Alwadani
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physical Therapy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Harriet Pittaway
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alice M. Turner
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chalmers JD, Kettritz R, Korkmaz B. Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach in neutrophil-mediated inflammatory disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239151. [PMID: 38162644 PMCID: PMC10755895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have a critical role in the innate immune response to infection and the control of inflammation. A key component of this process is the release of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), primarily neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G, and NSP4, which have essential functions in immune modulation and tissue repair following injury. Normally, NSP activity is controlled and modulated by endogenous antiproteases. However, disruption of this homeostatic relationship can cause diseases in which neutrophilic inflammation is central to the pathology, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis, as well as many non-pulmonary pathologies. Although the pathobiology of these diseases varies, evidence indicates that excessive NSP activity is common and a principal mediator of tissue damage and clinical decline. NSPs are synthesized as inactive zymogens and activated primarily by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 1, also known as cathepsin C. Preclinical data confirm that inactivation of this protease reduces activation of NSPs. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 potentially reduces the contribution of aberrant NSP activity to the severity and/or progression of multiple inflammatory diseases. Initial clinical data support this view. Ongoing research continues to explore the role of NSP activation by dipeptidyl peptidase 1 in different disease states and the potential clinical benefits of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Chalmers
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, University of Tours, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Núñez A, Aljama C, Esquinas C, Orriols G, Gabriel-Medina P, Farago G, Granados G, Rodriguez-Frias F, Pons M, Miravitlles M, Barrecheguren M. Utility of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score as a blood biomarker of pulmonary fibrosis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Respir Med 2023; 218:107394. [PMID: 37633421 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia can lead to several sequelae, among them, pulmonary fibrosis. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score is a panel of serum markers of liver fibrosis. We aimed to describe the utility of the ELF score as a biomarker of pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS Chest computed tomography (CT) scan, lung function tests (LFT) and blood analysis were obtained at three months after discharge. Data were analysed according to ELF scores and posteriorly divided into ELF tertiles. RESULTS One hundred twenty-nine patients were recruited; of these, 85.7% presented bilateral pneumonia at diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection. At 3 months after discharge, CT scan was available in 123 patients, 73 (59.3%) of whom presented parenchymal lung abnormalities (PLA) and LFT showed impairment in 28 (22.7%) patients. Globally, the most frequent PLA was ground glass opacities (50%), followed by bronchial thickening (26.8%), reticular pattern (19.5%), consolidation (10.5%) and air bronchogram sign (7.3%). Radiological findings were only significant in the higher tertile of ELF, with a reticular pattern as the predominant PLA (p = 0.002). Moreover, patients with both PLA and LFT impairment, presented a trend towards higher levels of ELF compared with patients with only PLA or LFT impairment, or no impairment (9.9 (0.7) vs 9.6 (0.8), 9.1 (1.1) and 9.3 (0.7); p = 0.054). CONCLUSION Patients with both PLA and LFT alteration at 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had higher ELF scores. The ELF score may be useful to identify patients with risk of fibrotic changes after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Núñez
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Aljama
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Esquinas
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Orriols
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gabriel-Medina
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Farago
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Galo Granados
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Frias
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain; Clinical Biochemistry Research Group, Valll d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Spain
| | - Mònica Pons
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Barrecheguren
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
SERPINA1 and More? A Putative Genetic Contributor to Pulmonary Dysfunction in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051708. [PMID: 36902496 PMCID: PMC10003154 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a common inherited disorder associated with an increased risk of pulmonary disease. Its clinical presentation, including the nature and severity of organ involvement, is highly variable and unpredictable and is not as strongly linked to genotype and environmental exposure (e.g., smoking history) as might be expected. Significant differences were observed within matched populations of severe AATD patients regarding risk of complications, age at onset, and disease course, including the dynamics of lung function decline. Genetic factors are among the putative modifiers contributing to the clinical variability in AATD, yet their role remains elusive. Here, we review and summarise our current understanding of epigenetic and genetic modifiers of pulmonary dysfunction in subjects with AATD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Everaerts S, Hartman JE, Van Dijk M, Koster TD, Slebos DJ, Klooster K. Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction in Patients with Emphysema due to Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. Respiration 2023; 102:134-142. [PMID: 36549279 PMCID: PMC9932842 DOI: 10.1159/000528182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using one-way endobronchial valves (EBVs) is a valid therapy for severe emphysema patients. However, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)-deficient patients were excluded from the majority of clinical trials investigating this intervention. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EBV treatment in patients with AAT deficiency (AATD) or a reduced AAT level. METHOD A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients treated with EBV with confirmed AATD or with a reduced AAT serum level at the University Medical Center Groningen between 2013 and 2021. Baseline and 6-month follow-up assessment included chest CT, pulmonary function measurement, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). RESULTS In total, 53 patients were included, 30 patients in the AATD group (AAT <0.6 g/L or confirmed ZZ phenotype) and 23 patients in the reduced AAT group (AAT 0.6-1 g/L). In both groups, all response variables improved significantly after treatment. There was a median increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 105 mL (12% relative) and 280 mL (31% relative) in the AATD and reduced AAT groups, respectively. 6MWD increased by 62 min and 52 min, and SGRQ decreased by 12.5 patients and 18.7 patients, respectively. A pneumothorax occurred in 10% and 13% of patients, and no patients died. CONCLUSIONS EBV treatment in patients with emphysema and AATD or a reduced AAT level is feasible and results in significant improvements in pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life and has an acceptable safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Everaerts
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,
| | - Jorine E. Hartman
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Van Dijk
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. David Koster
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Klooster
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,*Karin Klooster,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barrecheguren M, Miravitlles M. Cancer risk associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: only large registries will give us the answer. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:60/4/2201289. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01289-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
16
|
Villar M, Rajbhandari RM, Artigas-Jerónimo S, Contreras M, Sadaula A, Karmacharya D, Alves PC, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Differentially Represented Proteins in Response to Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Identified by Quantitative Serum Proteomics in Asian Elephants. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091010. [PMID: 36145440 PMCID: PMC9505326 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major global concern. Tuberculosis in wildlife is a risk for zoonotic transmission and becoming one of the challenges for conservation globally. In elephants, the number of cases is likely rising. The aim of this study was to identify proteins related to tuberculosis infection in elephants, which could then be used for the development of diagnostic tools and/or vaccines. A serum proteomics approach was used to characterize differentially represented proteins in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Asian elephants (Elaphas maximus). Blood samples were collected from eight elephants, four of which were antibody positive for tuberculosis and four were antibody negative. Proteomics analysis identified 26 significantly dysregulated proteins in response to tuberculosis. Of these, 10 (38%) were identified as immunoglobulin and 16 (62%) as non-immunoglobulin proteins. The results provided new information on the antibody response to mycobacterial infection and biomarkers associated with tuberculosis and protective response to mycobacteria in Asian elephants. Protective mechanisms included defense against infection (Alpha-1-B glycoprotein A1BG, Serpin family A member 1 SERPINA1, Transthyretin TTR), neuroprotection (TTR), and reduced risks of inflammation, infections, and cancer (SERPINA1, Keratin 10 KRT10). Using a translational biotechnology approach, the results provided information for the identification of candidate diagnostic, prognostic, and protective antigens for monitoring and control of tuberculosis in Asian elephants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rajesh Man Rajbhandari
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali Road 11, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Dep. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, Edificio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado—BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Amir Sadaula
- National Trust for Nature Conservation, Biodiversity Conservation Center, Sauraha, Chitwan 44204, Nepal
| | - Dibesh Karmacharya
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali Road 11, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Paulo Célio Alves
- Dep. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, Edificio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado—BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Estação Biológica de Mértola EBM, Praça Luís de Camões, Mértola, 7750-329 Mértola, Portugal
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.); or (J.d.l.F.)
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Correspondence: (C.G.); or (J.d.l.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
D’Amato M, Iadarola P, Viglio S. Proteomic Analysis of Human Sputum for the Diagnosis of Lung Disorders: Where Are We Today? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105692. [PMID: 35628501 PMCID: PMC9144372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of markers of inflammatory activity at the early stages of pulmonary diseases which share common characteristics that prevent their clear differentiation is of great significance to avoid misdiagnosis, and to understand the intrinsic molecular mechanism of the disorder. The combination of electrophoretic/chromatographic methods with mass spectrometry is currently a promising approach for the identification of candidate biomarkers of a disease. Since the fluid phase of sputum is a rich source of proteins which could provide an early diagnosis of specific lung disorders, it is frequently used in these studies. This report focuses on the state-of-the-art of the application, over the last ten years (2011-2021), of sputum proteomics in the investigation of severe lung disorders such as COPD; asthma; cystic fibrosis; lung cancer and those caused by COVID-19 infection. Analysis of the complete set of proteins found in sputum of patients affected by these disorders has allowed the identification of proteins whose levels change in response to the organism's condition. Understanding proteome dynamism may help in associating these proteins with alterations in the physiology or progression of diseases investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura D’Amato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.V.)
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Clinical and functional characteristics of individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: EARCO international registry. Respir Res 2022; 23:352. [PMID: 36527073 PMCID: PMC9756677 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare disease that is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary emphysema. The European AATD Research Collaboration (EARCO) international registry was founded with the objective of characterising the individuals with AATD and investigating their natural history. METHODS The EARCO registry is an international, observational and prospective study of individuals with AATD, defined as AAT serum levels < 11 μM and/or proteinase inhibitor genotypes PI*ZZ, PI*SZ and compound heterozygotes or homozygotes of other rare deficient variants. We describe the characteristics of the individuals included from February 2020 to May 2022. RESULTS A total of 1044 individuals from 15 countries were analysed. The most frequent genotype was PI*ZZ (60.2%), followed by PI*SZ (29.2%). Among PI*ZZ patients, emphysema was the most frequent lung disease (57.2%) followed by COPD (57.2%) and bronchiectasis (22%). Up to 76.4% had concordant values of FEV1(%) and KCO(%). Those with impairment in FEV1(%) alone had more frequently bronchiectasis and asthma and those with impairment in KCO(%) alone had more frequent emphysema and liver disease. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age, male sex, exacerbations, increased blood platelets and neutrophils, augmentation and lower AAT serum levels were associated with worse FEV1(%). CONCLUSIONS EARCO has recruited > 1000 individuals with AATD from 15 countries in its first 2 years. Baseline cross sectional data provide relevant information about the clinical phenotypes of the disease, the patterns of functional impairment and factors associated with poor lung function. Trial registration www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (ID: NCT04180319).
Collapse
|