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Long H, Ji J, Chen L, Feng J, Liao J, Yang Y. EB-OCT: a potential strategy on early diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1156218. [PMID: 37182131 PMCID: PMC10168178 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1156218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in China and the world, mainly attributed to delayed diagnosis, given that currently available early screening strategies exhibit limited value. Endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) has the characteristics of non-invasiveness, accuracy, and repeatability. Importantly, the combination of EB-OCT with existing technologies represents a potential approach for early screening and diagnosis. In this review, we introduce the structure and strengths of EB-OCT. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the application of EB-OCT on early screening and diagnosis of lung cancer from in vivo experiments to clinical studies, including differential diagnosis of airway lesions, early screening for lung cancer, lung nodules, lymph node biopsy and localization and palliative treatment of lung cancer. Moreover, the bottlenecks and difficulties in developing and popularizing EB-OCT for diagnosis and treatment during clinical practice are analyzed. The characteristics of OCT images of normal and cancerous lung tissues were in good agreement with the results of pathology, which could be used to judge the nature of lung lesions in real time. In addition, EB-OCT can be used as an assistant to biopsy of pulmonary nodules and improve the success rate of biopsy. EB-OCT also plays an auxiliary role in the treatment of lung cancer. In conclusion, EB-OCT is non-invasive, safe and accurate in real-time. It is of great significance in the diagnosis of lung cancer and suitable for clinical application and is expected to become an important diagnostic method for lung cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Long
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayue Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hosseini-Berneti SH, Karami M, Bayani F, Moghaddasi M, Babazade O, Ebrahimi P, Nikbakht HA. The study of trends in mortality of respiratory system cancers in Babol, North of Iran (2013-2021). Multidiscip Respir Med 2023; 18:929. [PMID: 38322129 PMCID: PMC10772856 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2023.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In Iran, cancers are known as the second leading cause of death, among which respiratory system cancers are particularly important because lung cancer is the second most common cause of death in this country. This study aimed to estimate the crude and age-standardized mortality and its trends during 9 years in the Northern city of Iran, Babol. Methods In this cross-sectional study, all the recorded deaths due to respiratory system cancers in Babol during the years 2013-2021 on the Classification of Causes of Deaths and Death Registration System of Babol University of Medical Sciences were taken into consideration, and the population estimate was based on the latest census. Finally, the crude and age-standardized rates of mortality and trends of cancer incidents were calculated. Results In general, 393 deaths with an overall mean age of 67.8±3.9 years have happened due to respiratory system cancers. The crude and standardized rates of respiratory system cancers increased from 6.5 and 5.5 per hundred thousand people in 2013 to 9.1 and 7.8 per hundred thousand people in 2021, respectively. With each decade in age, their trends increased significantly in men (p=0.024) and remained constant in women (p=0.262). In examining the trend of respiratory system cancers, we found an increasing trend for lung cancer and a constant trend for larynx and oropharynx cancers. There was also a decreasing trend for hypopharyngeal cancer. Conclusions The age-standardized rate and trend of respiratory system cancers are increasing. Therefore, it is important to prevent their prevalence by reducing the risk factors and increasing the general awareness of risks and timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Karami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol
| | - Fatemeh Bayani
- Department of Health, Health Systems Research, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol
| | - Mehdi Moghaddasi
- Department of Health, Health Systems Research, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol
| | - Ozra Babazade
- Department of Health, Health Systems Research, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol
| | - Pouyan Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol
| | - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Rong F, Shi R, Hu L, Chen R, Wang D, Lv X, Zhao Y, Huang W, Yang Y, Zhou H, Hong K. Low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening in Anhui, China: A randomized controlled trial. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1059999. [PMID: 36591449 PMCID: PMC9795014 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1059999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with risk factors such as age and smoking. Low-dose computed tomography screening can reduce lung cancer mortality. However, its effectiveness in Asian populations remains unclear. Most Asian women with lung cancer are non-smokers who have not been screened. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the performance of low-dose computed tomography screening in a Chinese population, including high-risk smokers and non-smokers exposed to passive smoking. The baseline data are reported in this study. Methods Between May and December 2019, eligible participants were randomized in a ratio of 1:1:1 to a screening (two arms) or control cohort. Non-calcified nodules/masses with a diameter >4 mm on low-dose computed tomography were considered positive findings. Results In total, 600 patients (mean age, 59.1 ± 6.9 years) underwent low-dose computed tomography. Women accounted for 31.5% (189/600) of patients; 89.9% (170/189) were non-smokers/passive smokers. At baseline, the incidence of lung cancer was 1.8% (11/600). The incidence of lung cancer was significantly lower in smokers than in female non-smokers/passive smokers (1.0% [4/415] vs. 4.1% [7/170], respectively; P=0.017). Stage 0-I lung cancer accounted for 90.9% (10/11) of cases. Conclusions We demonstrate the importance of including active smokers and female non-smokers/passive smokers in lung cancer screening programs. Further studies are needed to explore the risk factors, and long-term cost-benefit of screening Asian non-smoking women. Clinical trial registration http://chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=39003, identifier ChiCTR1900023197.
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Jiwnani S, Penumadu P, Ashok A, Pramesh CS. Lung Cancer Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Thorac Surg Clin 2022; 32:383-395. [PMID: 35961746 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is an increasing problem in the developing world due to rising trends in smoking, high incidence of air pollution, lack of awareness and screening, delayed presentation, and diagnosis at the advanced stage. Even after diagnosis, there are disparities in access to health care facilities and inequitable distribution of resources and treatment options. In addition, the shortage of trained personnel and infrastructure adds to the challenges faced by patients with lung cancer in these regions. A multi-pronged effort targeting tobacco cessation, health promotion and awareness, capacity building, and value-based care are the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Jiwnani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, India.
| | - Prasanth Penumadu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education and Research, JIPMER, 5343, 3rd Floor, SSB, Gorimedu, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Apurva Ashok
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, 3rd Floor, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - C S Pramesh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Main Building, Ground Floor, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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Liu H, Cheng Q, Xu DS, Wang W, Fang Z, Xue DD, Zheng Y, Chang AH, Lei YJ. Overexpression of CXCR7 accelerates tumor growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Respir Res 2020; 21:287. [PMID: 33129326 PMCID: PMC7603767 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Under physiological conditions, CXCL12 modulates cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and migration mainly through CXCR4. Interestingly, the newly discovered receptor CXCR7 for CXCL12 is highly expressed in many tumor cells as well as tumor-associated blood vessels, although the level of CXCR7 in normal cells is low. Recently, many studies have suggested that CXCR7 promotes cell growth and metastasis in more than 20 human malignancies, among which lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Thus, the mechanism of CXCR7 in the progression of lung cancer is urgently needed. Methods First, we explored CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in human lung cancer specimens and cell lines by immunohistochemistry, western blot and flow cytometry. Then, we chose the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 that stably overexpressed CXCR7 through the way of lentivirus-mediated transduction. Next, “wound healing” assay and transwell assay were applied to compare the cell migration and invasion ability, and stripe assay was used to evaluate the cell polarization. Last, our team established a mouse xenograft model of human lung cancer and monitored tumor proliferation and metastasis by firefly luciferase bioluminescence imaging in SCID/Beige mice. Results In clinical lung cancer samples, CXCR7 expression was almost not detected in normal tissue but upregulated in lung tumor tissue, whereas, CXCR4 was highly expressed in both normal and tumor tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of CXCR7 enhanced A549 cell migration and polarization in vitro. Besides, mouse xenograft model of human lung cancer showed that CXCR7 promoted primary lung tumor’s growth and metastasis to the second organ, such as liver or bone marrow in SCID/Beige mice in vivo. Conclusions This study describes the multiple functions of CXCR7 in lung cancer. Thus, these results suggest that CXCR7 may be a malignancy marker and may provide a novel target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Rehabilitation Section, Spine Surgery Division of Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Alex H Chang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Lei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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