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Slightly different metabolomic profiles are associated with high or low weight duck foie gras. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0255707. [PMID: 35763459 PMCID: PMC9239462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of fatty liver metabolism of ducks is a recurrent issue for researchers and industry. Indeed, the increase in weight during the overfeeding period leads to an important change in the liver metabolism. However, liver weight is highly variable at the end of overfeeding within a batch of animals reared, force-fed and slaughtered in the same way. For this study, we performed a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis on two classes of fatty liver samples, called low-weight liver (weights between 550 and 599 g) and high-weight liver (weights above 700 g). The aim of this study was to identify the differences in metabolism between two classes of liver weight (low and high). Firstly, the results suggested that increased liver weight is associated with higher glucose uptake leading to greater lipid synthesis. Secondly, this increase is probably also due to a decline in the level of export of triglycerides from the liver by maintaining them at high hepatic concentration levels, but also of hepatic cholesterol. Finally, the increase in liver weight could lead to a significant decrease in the efficiency of aerobic energy metabolism associated with a significant increase in the level of oxidative stress. However, all these hypotheses will have to be confirmed in the future, by studies on plasma levels and specific assays to validate these results.
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Lo B, Marty-Gasset N, Pichereaux C, Bravo C, Manse H, Domitile R, Rémignon H. Proteomic Analysis of Two Weight Classes of Mule Duck " foie gras" at the End of an Overfeeding Period. Front Physiol 2020; 11:569329. [PMID: 33041868 PMCID: PMC7528769 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.569329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The weight of the liver is one of the important selection criteria in the quality of “foie gras”. This factor is highly variable despite the fact that individuals are reared, overfed and slaughtered in the same way. In this study, we performed an analysis of the proteome profile of two weight classes of light (between 550 and 599 g) and heavy (more than 700 g) livers. For the analysis of the proteic extracts, a liquid chromatographic analysis coupled with mass spectrometry was carried out. In low-weight livers, aerobic energy metabolism, protein metabolism and lipid metabolism oriented toward export and beta-oxidation were overexpressed. On the contrary, high weight livers were characterized by anaerobic energy metabolism and a more active protein catabolism associated with cell apoptosis and reorganization of the cell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara Lo
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, GENétique PHYsiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Marty-Gasset
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, GENétique PHYsiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Bravo
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, GENétique PHYsiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Manse
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, GENétique PHYsiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Hervé Rémignon
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, GENétique PHYsiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Lo B, Marty-Gasset N, Manse H, Bannelier C, Bravo C, Domitile R, Rémignon H. Cellular markers of mule duck livers after force-feeding. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3567-3573. [PMID: 32616253 PMCID: PMC7597809 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The “Foie gras” or fatty liver is the result of hepatic steatosis from nutritional origin and induced by the force-feeding of palmipeds. Despite identical rearing and force-feeding conditions of ducks from the same breed, different liver weights, within a range of 500 to more than 700 g, are generally observed at the time of evisceration. To better understand the determinism of this large variability in fatty liver weights, the activity of various metabolic pathways has been explored in 4 groups of steatotic livers differing by their weights. Different analyses were performed using biochemical assays on metabolites as well as ELISA tests or enzyme activity assays. The result showed that an increase in the final liver weight is always associated with a hypoxic response and even a severe hypoxia observed in livers with the highest weights (more than 650 g). This is also combined with a rise in the cellular oxidative stress level. In addition, for the heaviest livers (more than 700 g), signs of cell death by apoptosis were also observed, while others programmed cell death pathways, such as ferroptosis or necroptosis, seemed to be nonactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara Lo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Hélène Manse
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Carole Bannelier
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Bravo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Hervé Rémignon
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
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Bonnefont CMD, Molette C, Lavigne F, Manse H, Bravo C, Lo B, Rémignon H, Arroyo J, Bouillier-Oudot M. Evolution of liver fattening and foie gras technological yield during the overfeeding period in mule duck. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5724-5733. [PMID: 31347676 PMCID: PMC6771768 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In foie gras production the technological yield after the cooking process is one of the main issues of processors as it is closely linked to the cooking melting rate. This rate is subjected to strict laws and regulations since it directly affects the organoleptic and technological qualities of this gourmet product. The objective of the study was to better understand the liver fattening and the technological yield decrease during the overfeeding kinetics. A flock of 210 mule ducks was reared and then overfed during 12 D with 2 overfeeding programs; in the test group the amounts of corn in the first meals were higher than in the control group (+430 g during the whole period). Ducks were slaughtered at the end of the rearing period (D0, n = 15) and every other day (D2 to D12, n = 15 by group). Duck performances, anatomical dissections and physical and biochemical liver characteristics were registered. The performances were equivalent in the groups (P > 0.1). The evolution of the liver weight was then analyzed in detail in relation with the evolution of its biochemical composition. A two-step evolution occurred in the liver metabolism, first a main glycogen storage and then a strong lipid storage. A model to predict the liver weight was established with only BWs and feed intakes (R² = 0.83). The technological yield was determined on foie gras weighing more than 300 g (D6 to D12). The melting process was high during the last 2 D. The technological yield reached 72% at D12, for 758 g foie gras, and a strong negative correlation was observed with liver weight (−0.83; P < 0.001). A model to predict the technological yield was established with the liver weight and the liver color parameters (R² = 0.71). This study highlights the compromise between foie gras weight and its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile M D Bonnefont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Caroline Molette
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Franck Lavigne
- ASSELDOR, Station d'expérimentation appliquée et de démonstration sur l'oie et le canard, La Tour de Glane, 24420 Coulaures, France
| | - Hélène Manse
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Bravo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Bara Lo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hervé Rémignon
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Julien Arroyo
- ASSELDOR, Station d'expérimentation appliquée et de démonstration sur l'oie et le canard, La Tour de Glane, 24420 Coulaures, France
| | - Michel Bouillier-Oudot
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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Massimino W, Davail S, Bernadet MD, Pioche T, Tavernier A, Ricaud K, Gontier K, Bonnefont C, Manse H, Morisson M, Fauconneau B, Collin A, Panserat S, Houssier M. Positive Impact of Thermal Manipulation During Embryogenesis on Foie Gras Production in Mule Ducks. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1495. [PMID: 31920700 PMCID: PMC6920244 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that very early life events may have programing effects on adult metabolism and health. In this study, we aim, for the first, time to elucidate the effects of embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) on the performance of overfed mule ducks, in particular for the production of foie gras (fatty liver). We designed three embryonic TMs with different protocols for increasing the incubation temperature during the second part of embryogenesis, to determine whether hepatic metabolism could be “programed” to improve its fattening response to overfeeding at the age of three months. Initial results confirm that an increase in the incubation temperature leads to faster development (observed for all treated groups compared to the control group), and a decrease in the body surface temperature at birth. Thereafter, in a very innovative way, we showed that the three TM conditions specifically increased liver weights, as well as liver lipid content after overfeeding compared to the non-TM control group. These results demonstrate that embryonic TM effectively “programs” the metabolic response to the challenge of force-feeding, resulting in increased hepatic steatosis. Finally, our goal of improving foie gras production has been achieved with three different embryonic thermal stimuli, demonstrating the high reproducibility of the method. However, this repeatability was also perceptible in the adverse effects observed on two groups treated with exactly the same cumulative temperature rise leading to a reduction in hatchability (75 and 76% vs. 82% in control), in addition to an increase in the melting rate after cooking. These results suggest that embryonic thermal programing could be an innovative and inexpensive technique for improving foie gras production, although the specific protocol (duration, level or period of temperature increase), remains to be elucidated in order to avoid adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Massimino
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Stéphane Davail
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Bernadet
- UE-PFG-UE89, Unité Expérimentale sur les Palmipèdes à Foie Gras, Centre INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Benquet, France
| | - Tracy Pioche
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Annabelle Tavernier
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Karine Gontier
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Cécile Bonnefont
- GenPhySE, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Manse
- GenPhySE, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Mireille Morisson
- GenPhySE, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Benoit Fauconneau
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Anne Collin
- UMR-BOA, Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Marianne Houssier
- INRA, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
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Arroyo J, Molette C, Lavigne F, Knudsen C, Deneufbourg C, Fortun-Lamothe L. Influence of the corn form in the diet and length of fasting before slaughter on the performance of overfed mule ducks. Poult Sci 2019; 98:753-760. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rémignon H, Yahia RBH, Marty-Gasset N, Wilkesman J. Apoptosis during the development of the hepatic steatosis in force-fed ducks and cooking yield implications. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2211-2217. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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