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Liu ZY, Li YH, Li BW, Xin L. Development and validation of a vesicle-mediated transport-associated gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune therapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13211-13230. [PMID: 37479759 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The progression of numerous malignancies has been linked to abnormal vesicle-mediated transport-related gene (VMTRG) expression. The prognostic importance of VMTRGs in HCC is uncertain nonetheless. METHODS Utilizing HCC data from TCGA and ICGC, we employed univariate cox analysis, unsupervised clustering, and lasso analysis to construct molecular subtypes and prognostic signature of HCC based on the prognostic-associated VMTRGs expression levels. Subsequently, we validated the expression levels of the signature genes. We investigated the probable pathways using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Six methods were utilized to compare immune cell infiltration between two risk groups. Moreover, the "pRRophetic" algorithm was utilized to test the drug sensitivity of both groups. RESULTS We identified two distinct subtypes with divergent biological behaviors and immune functionality through unsupervised clustering. Subtype C1 demonstrated a poorer prognosis. A prognostic signature incorporating two VMTRGs (KIF2C and RAC1) was formulated. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR analyses unveiled a significant upregulation of these pivotal genes within HCC tissues. The prognosis was worse for the high-risk group, which also had a higher clinicopathological grade, higher levels of tumor mutation burden (TMB), a higher immunological infiltration of CD8 + T cells, a higher expression of immune checkpoints, and enhanced immunotherapy efficacy. These two risk groups also have varied chemotherapy drug sensitivities. CONCLUSIONS Based on VMTRGs, we have developed a signature that assists in accurate prognosis prediction and formulating personalized treatment strategies for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-He Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo-Wen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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2
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Zhang X, Liang B. Advances in understanding role of gut microbiota in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:147-151. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in the health of human being. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal flora is also associated with tumorigenesis and tumor immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made significant progress in treating liver cancer. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors improve the survival of patients with liver cancer, there are still some patients who do not benefit from the therapy. Therefore, it is expected to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of immunotherapy by altering the composition of the intestinal flora, particularly enriching the flora that may improve the effect of immunotherapy. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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3
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Roy HS, Singh R, Ghosh D. SARS-CoV-2 and tissue damage: current insights and biomaterial-based therapeutic strategies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2804-2824. [PMID: 33666206 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on humanity has gained worldwide attention and importance due to the rapid transmission, lack of treatment options and high mortality rate of the virus. While scientists across the world are searching for vaccines/drugs that can control the spread of the virus and/or reduce the risks associated with infection, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported to have tissue/organ damage. With most tissues/organs having limited regenerative potential, interventions that prevent further damage or facilitate healing would be helpful. In the past few decades, biomaterials have gained prominence in the field of tissue engineering, in view of their major role in the regenerative process. Here we describe the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on multiple tissues/organs, and provide evidence for the positive role of biomaterials in aiding tissue repair. These findings are further extrapolated to explore their prospects as a therapeutic platform to address the tissue/organ damage that is frequently observed during this viral outbreak. This study suggests that the biomaterial-based approach could be an effective strategy for regenerating tissues/organs damaged by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Roy
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Rupali Singh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
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4
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Akazawa Y, Saito Y, Yoshikawa T, Saito K, Nosaka K, Shimomura M, Mizuno S, Nakamoto Y, Nakatsura T. Efficacy of immunotherapy targeting the neoantigen derived from epidermal growth factor receptor T790M/C797S mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2736-2746. [PMID: 32391625 PMCID: PMC7419036 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI) often have good clinical activity against non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating EGFR mutations. Osimertinib, which is a third‐generation EGFR‐TKI, has a clinical effect even on NSCLC harboring the threonine to methionine change at codon 790 of EGFR (EGFR T790M) mutation that causes TKI resistance. However, most NSCLC patients develop acquired resistance to osimertinib within approximately 1 year, and 40% of these patients have the EGFR T790M and cysteine to serine change at codon 797 (C797S) mutations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel treatment strategies for NSCLC patients with the EGFR T790M/C797S mutation. In this study, we identified the EGFR T790M/C797S mutation‐derived peptide (790‐799) (MQLMPFGSLL) that binds the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A*02:01, and successfully established EGFR T790M/C797S‐peptide‐specific CTL clones from human PBMC of HLA‐A2 healthy donors. One established CTL clone demonstrated adequate cytotoxicity against T2 cells pulsed with the EGFR T790M/C797S peptide. This CTL clone also had high reactivity against cancer cells that expressed an endogenous EGFR T790M/C797S peptide using an interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. In addition, we demonstrated using a mouse model that EGFR T790M/C797S peptide‐specific CTL were induced by EGFR T790M/C797S peptide vaccine in vivo. These findings suggest that an immunotherapy targeting a neoantigen derived from EGFR T790M/C797S mutation could be a useful novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients with EGFR‐TKI resistance, especially those resistant to osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Akazawa
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keigo Saito
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nosaka
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Manami Shimomura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Mizuno
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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5
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Gharbavi M, Sharafi A, Ghanbarzadeh S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Generation of Therapeutic Agents as Vehicles in Gene Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 20:269-284. [PMID: 32515309 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200607190339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new tool for therapeutic gene delivery in clinics have attracted much attention. Their advantages cover longer lifespan, better isolation, and higher transfection efficiency and proliferation rate. MSCs are the preferred approach for cell-based therapies because of their in vitro self-renewal capacity, migrating especially to tumor tissues, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, they have considerable efficiency in genetic engineering for future clinical applications in cancer gene therapy and other diseases. For improving therapeutic efficiency, targeted therapy of cancers can be achieved through the sustained release of therapeutic agents and functional gene expression induction to the intended tissues. The development of a new vector in gene therapy can improve the durability of a transgene expression. Also, the safety of the vector, if administered systemically, may resolve several problems, such as durability of expression and the host immune response. Currently, MSCs are prominent candidates as cell vehicles for both preclinical and clinical trials due to the secretion of therapeutic agents in several cancers. In the present study, we discuss the status of gene therapy in both viral and non-viral vectors along with their limitations. Throughout this study, the use of several nano-carriers for gene therapy is also investigated. Finally, we critically discuss the promising advantages of MSCs in targeted gene delivery, tumor inhibition and their utilization as the gene carriers in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gharbavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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6
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Shabto JM, Martini DJ, Liu Y, Ravindranathan D, Brown J, Hitron EE, Russler GA, Caulfield S, Kissick H, Alemozaffar M, Ogan K, Harris WB, Master VA, Kucuk O, Carthon BC, Bilen MA. Novel risk group stratification for metastatic urothelial cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2752-2760. [PMID: 32100417 PMCID: PMC7163104 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a novel risk scoring system for urothelial cancer (UC) patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 67 UC patients treated with ICI at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University from 2015 to 2018. Using stepwise variable selection in Cox proportional hazard model and Sullivan's weighting schema, baseline platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), presence of liver metastasis, baseline albumin, and baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) were used for risk scoring. Patients were categorized into good risk (risk score 0-1), intermediate risk (risk score 2-3), and poor risk (risk score 4-6). Univariable (UVA) and multivariable analysis (MVA) and Kaplan-Meier method were used to assess overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS The Emory Risk Scoring System had C-statistics of 0.74 (Standard Error = 0.047) in predicting OS and 0.70 (Standard Error = 0.043) in predicting PFS. Compared to good risk patients, poor risk patients had significantly shorter OS and PFS in both UVA and MVA (all P < .001), and intermediate risk patients had significantly shorter OS and PFS in both UVA and MVA (all P < .03). CONCLUSIONS Risk scoring using baseline PLR, presence of liver metastasis, baseline albumin, and baseline ECOG PS may effectively predict OS and PFS in UC patients receiving ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Shabto
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dylan J Martini
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Ravindranathan
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Brown
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emilie E Hitron
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greta A Russler
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Caulfield
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Alemozaffar
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth Ogan
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wayne B Harris
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bradley C Carthon
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Qi X, Lam SS, Liu D, Kim DY, Ma L, Alleruzzo L, Chen W, Hode T, Henry CJ, Kaifi J, Kimchi ET, Li G, Staveley-O'Carroll KF. Development of inCVAX, In situ Cancer Vaccine, and Its Immune Response in Mice with Hepatocellular Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27656328 PMCID: PMC5027967 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of immune system toward the rejection of established cancers has become the standard of care in some patients. Here we propose the development of an in situ autologous cancer vaccine, inCVAX, for the treatment of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). inCVAX is based on the induction of local immunogenic cancer cell death combined with local dendritic cell stimulation by intratumoral injection of the immune-activator N-dihydro-galacto-chitosan (GC). In a first set of experiments, cellular and molecular studies were performed to investigate the effect of inCVAX on immune activation in a murine model of HCC that we previously developed. Once large tumors were formed in mice, the tumor is surgically exposed and a laser fiber was inserted into the center of an individual tumor mass. Using a 10 mm diffuser tip, laser irradiation of 1.5 W was applied to heat the tumor at different durations (6-10 min) to assess tolerability of photothermal application at different temperatures. The laser application was followed by immediate injection of GC, and each mouse received one laser treatment and one GC injection. ELISA was used to assess the level of cytokines; immunohistochemical staining was conducted to analyze the effect of inCVAX on immune cell tumor-filtration and expression of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Results indicate that survival correlated to thermal exposure. At lower temperatures the photothermal effect was sufficient to induce tumor necrosis, but without obvious complication to the mice, although at these temperatures the treatment didn’t alter the level of TSAs and TAAs, so further optimization is suggested. Nevertheless, in response to the inCVAX treatment, cytotoxic cytokine IFN-γ was significantly increased, but suppressive cytokine TGF-β was dramatically reduced. Furthermore, inCVAX prompted tumor infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells; but modulated macrophage subsets differently. In conclusion, while the protocol needs further optimization, it would appear that inCVAX for the treatment of HCC activates an immune response in tumor-bearing mice, which in turn may have potential for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Qi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA ; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Samuel Sk Lam
- Immunophotonics Inc., 4320 Forest Park Avenue #303, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Dai Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA ; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212; Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital Biomolecular Imaging Center, USA
| | - Lu Alleruzzo
- Immunophotonics Inc., 4320 Forest Park Avenue #303, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Veterinary Medical and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Tomas Hode
- Immunophotonics Inc., 4320 Forest Park Avenue #303, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Carolyn J Henry
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jussuf Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA ; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA ; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA ; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA ; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA ; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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8
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Vendrell A, Mongini C, Gravisaco MJ, Canellada A, Tesone AI, Goin JC, Waldner CI. An Oral Salmonella-Based Vaccine Inhibits Liver Metastases by Promoting Tumor-Specific T-Cell-Mediated Immunity in Celiac and Portal Lymph Nodes: A Preclinical Study. Front Immunol 2016; 7:72. [PMID: 26973649 PMCID: PMC4771756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary tumor excision is one of the most widely used therapies of cancer. However, the risk of metastases development still exists following tumor resection. The liver is a common site of metastatic disease for numerous cancers. Breast cancer is one of the most frequent sources of metastases to the liver. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of the orally administered Salmonella Typhi vaccine strain CVD 915 on the development of liver metastases in a mouse model of breast cancer. To this end, one group of BALB/c mice was orogastrically immunized with CVD 915, while another received PBS as a control. After 24 h, mice were injected with LM3 mammary adenocarcinoma cells into the spleen and subjected to splenectomy. This oral Salmonella-based vaccine produced an antitumor effect, leading to a decrease in the number and volume of liver metastases. Immunization with Salmonella induced an early cellular immune response in mice. This innate stimulation rendered a large production of IFN-γ by intrahepatic immune cells (IHIC) detected within 24 h. An antitumor adaptive immunity was found in the liver and celiac and portal lymph nodes (LDLN) 21 days after oral bacterial inoculation. The antitumor immune response inside the liver was associated with increased CD4+ and dendritic cell populations as well as with an inflammatory infiltrate located around liver metastatic nodules. Enlarged levels of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF) were also detected in IHIC. Furthermore, a tumor-specific production of IFN-γ and TNF as well as tumor-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8 T cells (CD8+IFN-γ+) were found in the celiac and portal lymph nodes of Salmonella-treated mice. This study provides first evidence for the involvement of LDLN in the development of an efficient cellular immune response against hepatic tumors, which resulted in the elimination of liver metastases after oral Salmonella-based vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandrina Vendrell
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFyBO-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Claudia Mongini
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFyBO-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Andrea Canellada
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU). Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Agustina Inés Tesone
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFyBO-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Goin
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFyBO-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Claudia Inés Waldner
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFyBO-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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9
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Gao F, Jing P, Liu J, Lu Y, Zhang P, Han W, Liu G, Ru N, Cui G, Sun C, Che Y, Zhang H, Hu Q, Wang HY, Wu Y, Guan C, Fu Q, Ma Z, Yu B. Hapten-enhanced overall survival time in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma by ultro-minimum incision personalized intratumoral chemoimmunotherapy. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2015; 2:57-68. [PMID: 27508195 PMCID: PMC4918285 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s80756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the therapeutic effects of ultra-minimum incision personalized intratumoral chemoimmunotherapy (UMIPIC) with intratumoral chemotherapy (ITCT) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinomas and to analyze the effect of hapten as an immune booster. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinomas were treated with UMIPIC or ITCT with the same therapeutic procedure; the UMIPIC method had a proprietary regimen including an oxidant, a cytotoxic drug, and hapten, while ITCT delivered the same drug excluding hapten. Of 339 patients in total, 119 of the UMIPIC patients (n=214) had response data and 214 had survival data, and of the ITCT patients (n=125), 61 had response data and 125 had survival data. Tumor response was assessed with a computed tomography scan 6-8 weeks after the initial treatment; the survival rate was evaluated by follow-up visits. Tumor size was classified as small (<5 cm), large (5-10 cm), or very large (>10 cm); tumor sizes with liver function categorized using Child-Pugh class (A and B) were analyzed by correlation with overall survival. RESULTS The response rates (complete response + partial response + stable disease) were 78.68% and 81.52% in the UMIPIC and ITCT groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference; however, the median overall survival was 7 months for UMIPIC (test) and 4 months for ITCT (control), respectively (P<0.01). The 6-month and 1-year survival rates for UMIPIC and ITCT were 58.88% vs 32.3% and 30.37% vs 13.6%, respectively (P<0.01). Single and multiple UMIPIC revealed significant improvement in overall survival compared to that of ITCT. Child-Pugh class A patients had a longer duration of survival compared to Child-Pugh class B patients in UMIPIC therapy. CONCLUSION Hapten had enhanced therapeutic effect with improvement in the survival duration in UMIPIC compared to ITCT. After reexamination, the response rate was not different due to inflammation caused by hapten. Hapten has been found to play an important role in immunotherapy to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jing
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfei Lu
- Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peicheng Zhang
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ru
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Cui
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yebing Che
- Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Zhang
- Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qnglong Hu
- Beijing Baofa Cancer Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-You Wang
- Department of Pathology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingli Wu
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Guan
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlu Ma
- TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofa Yu
- Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China; TaiMei Baofa Cancer Hospital, Dongping, People's Republic of China; Beijing Baofa Cancer Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ofuji K, Tada Y, Yoshikawa T, Shimomura M, Yoshimura M, Saito K, Nakamoto Y, Nakatsura T. A peptide antigen derived from EGFR T790M is immunogenic in non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:497-504. [PMID: 25532027 PMCID: PMC4277252 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have demonstrated marked clinical activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, in most cases, patients develop acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy. The threonine to methionine change at codon 790 of EGFR (EGFR T790M) mutation is the most common acquired resistance mutation, and is present in ~50% cases of TKI resistance. New treatment strategies for NSCLC patients harboring the EGFR T790M mutation are required. We evaluated the immunogenicity of an antigen derived from EGFR with the T790M mutation. Using BIMAS we selected several EGFR T790M-derived peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01. T790M-A peptide (789–797) (IMQLMPFGC)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A2+ healthy donors. An established T790M-A-specific CTL line showed reactivity against the NCSLC cell line, H1975-A2 (HLA-A2+, T790M+), but not H1975 (HLA-A2−, T790M+), and the corresponding wild-type peptide (ITQLMPFGC)-pulsed T2 cells using an interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immuno spot (ELISPOT) assay. This CTL line also demonstrated peptide-specific cytotoxicity against H1975-A2 cells. This finding suggests that the EGFR T790M mutation-derived antigen could be a new target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ofuji
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manami Shimomura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayuko Yoshimura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keigo Saito
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Shi JH, Line PD. Effect of liver regeneration on malignant hepatic tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16167-16177. [PMID: 25473170 PMCID: PMC4239504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration after major surgery may activate occult micrometastases and facilitate tumor growth, leading to liver tumor recurrence. Molecular changes during liver regeneration can provide a microenvironment that stimulates intrahepatic tumor propagation through alterations in cellular signaling pathways, where activation and proliferation of mature hepatocytes, hepatic progenitor cells, non-parenchymal liver cells might favor both liver regeneration and tumor growth. This review highlights recent advances of tumor growth and development in the regenerating liver, possible mechanisms and clinical implications.
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12
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Hu GY, Huang ZS. Study progress in immune escape mechanism and immunotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2116-2121. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i15.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor as well as a big threat to human health. The occurrence, development and prognosis of HCC are closely relevant to the immune escape and immune function in HCC patients. HCC patients, especially those in the terminal stage of the disease, have impaired immune function, which leads to reduced quality of life and raised death rate. Since immunotherapy can regulate the immune function to reduce recurrence and metastasis, improve the life quality and prolong survival, it has become an important part of comprehensive treatment for HCC. In this paper, we review the latest progress in research of immune escape mechanism and immunotherapy for primary HCC.
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13
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Bacigalupo ML, Manzi M, Rabinovich GA, Troncoso MF. Hierarchical and selective roles of galectins in hepatocarcinogenesis, liver fibrosis and inflammation of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8831-49. [PMID: 24379606 PMCID: PMC3870534 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global health problem. Infections with hepatitis B or C virus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis disease, alcohol abuse, or dietary exposure to aflatoxin are the major risk factors to the development of this tumor. Regardless of the carcinogenic insult, HCC usually develops in a context of cirrhosis due to chronic inflammation and advanced fibrosis. Galectins are a family of evolutionarily-conserved proteins defined by at least one carbohydrate recognition domain with affinity for β-galactosides and conserved sequence motifs. Here, we summarize the current literature implicating galectins in the pathogenesis of HCC. Expression of "proto-type" galectin-1, "chimera-type" galectin-3 and "tandem repeat-type" galectin-4 is up-regulated in HCC cells compared to their normal counterparts. On the other hand, the "tandem-repeat-type" lectins galectin-8 and galectin-9 are down-regulated in tumor hepatocytes. The abnormal expression of these galectins correlates with tumor growth, HCC cell migration and invasion, tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis. Moreover, these galectins have important roles in other pathological conditions of the liver, where chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis take place. Galectin-based therapies have been proposed to attenuate liver pathologies. Further functional studies are required to delineate the precise molecular mechanisms through which galectins contribute to HCC.
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14
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Hernanda PY, Pedroza-Gonzalez A, van der Laan LJW, Bröker MEE, Hoogduijn MJ, Ijzermans JNM, Bruno MJ, Janssen HLA, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. Tumor promotion through the mesenchymal stem cell compartment in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2330-40. [PMID: 23740837 PMCID: PMC3786382 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the infiltration of mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) into different tumors is widely recognized in animal models, the question whether these MSCs have a positive or negative effect on disease progression remains unanswered. The aim of this study is to investigate whether human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) harbors MSCs and whether these MSCs affect tumor growth. We observed that cells capable of differentiation into both adipocyte and osteocyte lineages and expressing MSC markers can be cultured from surgically resected HCC tissues. In situ staining of human HCC tissues with a STRO-1 antibody showed that the tumor and tumor-stromal region are significantly enriched with candidate MSCs compared with adjacent tissue (n = 12, P < 0.01). In mice, coengraftment of a human HCC cell line (Huh7) with MSCs resulted in substantially larger tumors compared with paired engraftment of Huh7 alone (n = 8, P < 0.01). Consistently, coculturing Huh7 with irradiated MSCs significantly increased the number and the size of colonies formed. This enhancement of Huh7 colony formation was also observed by treatment of MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM), suggesting that secreted trophic factors contribute to the growth-promoting effects. Genome-wide gene expression array and pathway analysis confirmed the upregulation of cell growth and proliferation-related processes and downregulation of cell death-related pathways by treatment of MSC-CM in Huh7 cells. In conclusion, these results show that MSCs are enriched in human HCC tumor compartment and could exert trophic effects on tumor cells. Thus, targeting of HCC tumor MSCs may represent a new avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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15
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Ratnavelu K, Subramani B, Pullai CR, Krishnan K, Sugadan SD, Rao MS, Veerakumarasivam A, Deng X, Hiroshi T. Autologous immune enhancement therapy against an advanced epithelioid sarcoma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1457-1460. [PMID: 23761810 PMCID: PMC3678875 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare types of cancer are often not effectively treated by approaches such as chemotherapy and radio-therapy, although their side-effects persist. Immunotherapy has been gaining attention worldwide with growing examples of its anticancer activity demonstrated in vivo. This case report describes a 35-year-old male who suffered from advanced epithelioid sarcoma and underwent 18 cycles of chemotherapy without any significant response, who suffered adverse effects that caused lung collapse. A notable response was observed following the administration of autologous immune enhancement therapy (AIET), which involves a process of isolation, activation and expansion of natural killer (NK) and T cells, which were obtained from the patient’s own (autologous) peripheral blood. With the present data and the response of the patient to AIET, it may be proposed that AIET is beneficial for patients suffering from advanced epithelioid sarcoma without producing adverse effects.
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16
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Mazzolini G, Ochoa MC, Morales-Kastresana A, Sanmamed MF, Melero I. The liver, liver metastasis and liver cancer: a special case for immunotherapy with cytokines and immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies. Immunotherapy 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Universidad Austral, Avda. Presidente Perón, 1500, B1629ODT Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Ochoa
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain and Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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17
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TADA FUJIMASA, ABE MASANORI, HIROOKA MASASHI, IKEDA YOSHIOU, HIASA YOICHI, LEE YOON, JUNG NAMCHUL, LEE WOOBOK, LEE HYUNSOO, BAE YONGSOO, ONJI MORIKAZU. Phase I/II study of immunotherapy using tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1601-9. [PMID: 22971679 PMCID: PMC3583872 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are increasingly used as adjuvants for vaccination strategies; however, there has been very little development in DC vaccines for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we assessed the safety, feasibility and efficacy of a multiple tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-pulsed DC vaccine in 5 patients with advanced HCC. DCs were generated by culturing blood monocytes in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 for 5 days. The DC vaccine was prepared by pulsing DCs with cytoplasmic transduction peptide-attached α-fetoprotein, glypican-3 and MAGE-1 recombinant fusion proteins and cultivating them in the presence of maturation cocktail. DCs were injected subcutaneously near the inguinal lymph nodes, followed by topical application of toll-like receptor-7 agonist around the injection site. We showed that our DC vaccine was safe and well-tolerated over 6 vaccinations in 5 patients. All 5 patients showed T cell responses against TAAs. Clinical benefit was observed in one of the 5 patients. In conclusion, the feasibility, safety and immune activity of DCs pulsed with TAAs were confirmed in HCC patients. However, clinical response was detected only in one patient. Future trials may consider applying this therapy in a less advanced stage to obtain better clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- FUJIMASA TADA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0925,
Japan
| | - MASANORI ABE
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0925,
Japan
| | - MASASHI HIROOKA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0925,
Japan
| | - YOSHIOU IKEDA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0925,
Japan
| | - YOICHI HIASA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0925,
Japan
| | - YOON LEE
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 462-120
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746,
Republic of Korea
| | - NAM-CHUL JUNG
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 462-120
| | - WOO-BOK LEE
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 462-120
| | - HYUN-SOO LEE
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 462-120
| | - YONG-SOO BAE
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 462-120
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746,
Republic of Korea
| | - MORIKAZU ONJI
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0925,
Japan
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18
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Xia JZ, Xie FL, Ran LF, Xie XP, Fan YM, Wu F. High-intensity focused ultrasound tumor ablation activates autologous tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2012; 38:1363-1371. [PMID: 22633269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation can enhance host antitumor immune response, though the mechanism is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether HIFU ablation could activate tumor-specific T lymphocytes and then induce antitumor cellular immunity. We studied 70 C57BL/6J mice bearing the H(22) tumor; they were randomly divided into a HIFU group and a sham-HIFU group. Of the mice, 35 in the HIFU group underwent HIFU ablation of the H(22) hepatic tumor, and the remaining 35 received a sham-HIFU procedure. In addition, 35 female, naïve syngeneic C57BL/6J mice were used as controls. All mice were sacrificed 14 days after HIFU, and the spleens were harvested. The function of T lymphocytes was determined. As a valuable tool for detecting and characterizing peptide-specific cells, the frequency of MHC class I tetramer/CD8-positive cells was quantified, which could help to determine the response and number of T lymphocytes. The therapeutic effect of the HIFU-activated lymphocytes on tumor-bearing mice was investigated after adoptive transfer of the lymphocytes. The results showed that compared to sham-HIFU and control groups, HIFU ablation significantly increased the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (p < 0.05), with a significant increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion (p < 0.001). The frequency of the MHC class I tetramer/CD8-positive cells was significantly higher in the HIFU group (p < 0.05). A stronger inhibition of tumor progression and higher survival rates were observed to be significant after adoptive immunotherapy in the HIFU group as compared to the sham-HIFU and control groups (p < 0.01). It is concluded that HIFU ablation could activate tumor-specific T lymphocytes, thus inducing antitumor cellular immune responses in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhu Xia
- Institute of Ultrasonic Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cao M, Xu Y, Youn JI, Cabrera R, Zhang X, Gabrilovich D, Nelson DR, Liu C. Kinase inhibitor Sorafenib modulates immunosuppressive cell populations in a murine liver cancer model. J Transl Med 2011; 91:598-608. [PMID: 21321535 PMCID: PMC3711234 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are elevated in cancer patients and tumor-bearing hosts, and that depletion of Tregs and MDSC may enhance the anti-tumor immunity of the host. Sorafenib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of several human cancers, including advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is believed to inhibit tumor growth via anti-angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis. However, the impact of Sorafenib on immune cell populations in tumor-bearing hosts is unclear. In this report, we show that Tregs and MDSC are increased in the spleens and bone marrows of the BALB/c mice with liver hepatoma. The increase in Tregs and MDSC was positively correlated with tumor burden. Treatment of Sorafenib not only inhibited HCC cell growth in mice but also significantly decreased the suppressive immune cell populations: Tregs and MDSC. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests that Sorafenib can enhance anti-tumor immunity via modulating immunosuppressive cell populations in the murine liver cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengde Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100275, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Yiling Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100275, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Je-in Youn
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
| | - Roniel Cabrera
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100275, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Xiaokui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100275, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine
,Corresponding Author:
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20
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Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic tools and gene carriers in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene Ther 2010; 17:692-708. [PMID: 20220785 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are a source of circulating progenitors that are able to generate cells of all mesenchymal lineages and to cover cellular demands of injured tissues. The extent of their transdifferentiation plasticity remains controversial. Cells with MSC properties have been obtained from diverse tissues after purification and expansion in vitro. These cellular populations are heterogeneous and under certain conditions show pluripotent-like properties. MSCs present immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory features and high migratory capacity toward inflamed or remodeling tissues. In this study we review available data regarding factors and signaling axes involved in the chemoattraction and engraftment of MSCs to an injured tissue or to a tissue undergoing active remodeling. Moreover, experimental evidence in support of uses of MSCs as vehicles of therapeutic genes is discussed. Because of its regenerative capacity and its particular immune properties, the liver is a good model to analyze the potential of MSC-based therapies. Finally, the potential application of MSCs and genetically modified MSCs in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is proposed in view of available evidence.
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21
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Malvicini M, Rizzo M, Alaniz L, Piñero F, García M, Atorrasagasti C, Aquino JB, Rozados V, Scharovsky OG, Matar P, Mazzolini G. A novel synergistic combination of cyclophosphamide and gene transfer of interleukin-12 eradicates colorectal carcinoma in mice. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7256-65. [PMID: 19920110 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an immunostimulatory cytokine with potent antitumor effects in several animal models. However, serious toxicity has been associated with its systemic application in humans. Gene transfer has emerged as a tool to specifically express therapeutic genes into the tumor/peritumoral milieu, thus avoiding systemic toxicity. The aim of this study was to analyze whether subtherapeutic doses of an adenovirus encoding IL-12 (AdIL-12) might synergize with low immunopotentiating doses of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antitumor effect of combining a single low dose of cyclophosphamide with an intratumoral injection of AdIL-12 was evaluated in an in vivo murine colorectal carcinoma model. The immune responses achieved with different treatments were monitored, comparing the effect of combining both therapies with individual treatments. RESULTS The combined therapy induced a complete tumor regression in >50% of mice in a synergistic fashion, and it significantly prolonged their survival. This strategy was superior to each single treatment in reducing both peripheral and splenic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, increasing the number of activated dendritic cells, and inducing IFN-gamma-secreting CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Importantly, the combined treatment generated a powerful tumor-specific CTL response. Consistently, a significant reduction in IL-10 levels was found. Our data suggest that the combination of nontoxic doses of cyclophosphamide with AdIL-12 allows the generation of good antitumoral responses, thus avoiding undesired side effects of both agents. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly support the use of a combination of cyclophosphamide and AdIL-12 as a novel therapeutic strategy against colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Malvicini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Liver Unit, School of Medicine, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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