1
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Chang HY, Wang IF. Restoring functional TDP-43 oligomers in ALS and laminopathic cellular models through baicalein-induced reconfiguration of TDP-43 aggregates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4620. [PMID: 38409193 PMCID: PMC10897466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A group of misfolded prone-to-aggregate domains in disease-causing proteins has recently been shown to adopt unique conformations that play a role in fundamental biological processes. These processes include the formation of membrane-less sub-organelles, alternative splicing, and gene activation and silencing. The cellular responses are regulated by the conformational switching of prone-to-aggregate domains, independently of changes in RNA or protein expression levels. Given this, targeting the misfolded states of disease-causing proteins to redirect them towards their physiological conformations is emerging as an effective therapeutic strategy for diseases caused by protein misfolding. In our study, we successfully identified baicalein as a potent structure-correcting agent. Our findings demonstrate that baicalein can reconfigure existing TDP-43 aggregates into an oligomeric state both in vitro and in disease cells. This transformation effectively restores the bioactivity of misfolded TDP-43 proteins in cellular models of ALS and premature aging in progeria. Impressively, in progeria cells where defective lamin A interferes with TDP-43-mediated exon skipping, the formation of pathological TDP-43 aggregates is promoted. Baicalein, however, restores the functionality of TDP-43 and mitigates nuclear shape defects in these laminopathic cells. This establishes a connection between lamin A and TDP-43 in the context of aging. Our findings suggest that targeting physiological TDP-43 oligomers could offer a promising therapeutic avenue for treating aging-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Chang
- Garage Brain Science, B201, Central Taiwan Innovation Campus, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Nantou City, 540219, Taiwan
- Yee Fan Med Inc, Temple City, CA, 91780, USA
- SABNP Lab, Univ Evry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, 91025, Evry, France
| | - I-Fan Wang
- Garage Brain Science, B201, Central Taiwan Innovation Campus, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Nantou City, 540219, Taiwan.
- Yee Fan Med Inc, Temple City, CA, 91780, USA.
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2
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Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Human Diseases Caused by Mutations of LINC Complex-Associated Genes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244065. [PMID: 36552829 PMCID: PMC9777268 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding proteins associated with the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex within the nuclear envelope cause different diseases with varying phenotypes including skeletal muscle, cardiac, metabolic, or nervous system pathologies. There is some understanding of the structure of LINC complex-associated proteins and how they interact, but it is unclear how mutations in genes encoding them can cause the same disease, and different diseases with different phenotypes. Here, published mutations in LINC complex-associated proteins were systematically reviewed and analyzed to ascertain whether patterns exist between the genetic sequence variants and clinical phenotypes. This revealed LMNA is the only LINC complex-associated gene in which mutations commonly cause distinct conditions, and there are no clear genotype-phenotype correlations. Clusters of LMNA variants causing striated muscle disease are located in exons 1 and 6, and metabolic disease-associated LMNA variants are frequently found in the tail of lamin A/C. Additionally, exon 6 of the emerin gene, EMD, may be a mutation "hot-spot", and diseases related to SYNE1, encoding nesprin-1, are most often caused by nonsense type mutations. These results provide insight into the diverse roles of LINC-complex proteins in human disease and provide direction for future gene-targeted therapy development.
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3
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RAE1 is a prognostic biomarker and is correlated with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:252. [PMID: 35751040 PMCID: PMC9233330 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor that accounts for approximately 90% of all cases of primary liver cancer worldwide. Microtubule alterations may contribute to the broad spectrum of resistance to chemotherapy, tumor development, and cell survival. This study aimed to assess the value of ribonucleic acid export 1 (RAE1), as a regulator of microtubules, in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, and to analyze its correlation with genetic mutations and pathways in HCC. Results The mRNA and protein levels of RAE1 were significantly elevated in HCC tissues compared with those in normal tissues. The high expression level of RAE1 was correlated with T stage, pathologic stage, tumor status, histologic grade, and alpha-fetoprotein level. HCC patients with a higher expression level of RAE1 had a poorer prognosis, and the expression level of RAE1 showed the ability to accurately distinguish tumor tissues from normal tissues (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.951). The AUC values of 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were all above 0.6. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that RAE1 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for a shorter overall survival of HCC patients. The rate of RAE1 genetic alterations was 1.1% in HCC samples. Gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses indicated the co-expressed genes of RAE1 were mainly related to chromosome segregation, DNA replication, and cell cycle checkpoint. Protein–protein interaction analysis showed that RAE1 was closely correlated with NUP205, NUP155, NUP214, NUP54, and NXF1, all playing important roles in cell division and mitotic checkpoint. Conclusion RAE1 can be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker associated with microtubules and a therapeutic target for HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04806-8.
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Kamikawa Y, Saito A, Imaizumi K. Impact of Nuclear Envelope Stress on Physiological and Pathological Processes in Central Nervous System. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2478-2487. [PMID: 35486254 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) separates genomic DNA from the cytoplasm and provides the molecular platforms for nucleocytoplasmic transport, higher-order chromatin organization, and physical links between the nucleus and cytoskeleton. Recent studies have shown that the NE is often damaged by various stresses termed "NE stress", leading to critical cellular dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has revealed the crucial roles of NE stress in the pathology of a broad spectrum of diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), NE dysfunction impairs neural development and is associated with several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and autosomal dominant leukodystrophy. In this review, the structure and functions of the NE are summarized, and the concepts of NE stress and NE stress responses are introduced. Additionally, the significant roles of the NE in the development of CNS and the mechanistic connections between NE stress and neurological disorders are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunao Kamikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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5
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Chi YH, Wang WP, Hung MC, Liou GG, Wang JY, Chao PHG. Deformation of the nucleus by TGFβ1 via the remodeling of nuclear envelope and histone isoforms. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:1. [PMID: 34983624 PMCID: PMC8725468 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of nuclear shape abnormalities which are often seen in pre-neoplastic and malignant tissues is not clear. In this study we report that deformation of the nucleus can be induced by TGFβ1 stimulation in several cell lines including Huh7. In our results, the upregulated histone H3.3 expression downstream of SMAD signaling contributed to TGFβ1-induced nuclear deformation, a process of which requires incorporation of the nuclear envelope (NE) proteins lamin B1 and SUN1. During this process, the NE constitutively ruptured and reformed. Contrast to lamin B1 which was relatively stationary around the nucleus, the upregulated lamin A was highly mobile, clustering at the nuclear periphery and reintegrating into the nucleoplasm. The chromatin regions that lost NE coverage formed a supra-nucleosomal structure characterized by elevated histone H3K27me3 and histone H1, the formation of which depended on the presence of lamin A. These results provide evidence that shape of the nucleus can be modulated through TGFβ1-induced compositional changes in the chromatin and nuclear lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ping Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Gunn-Guang Liou
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hsiu Grace Chao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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6
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Ben-Haim Y, Armon L, Fichtman B, Epshtein I, Spiegel R, Harel A, Urbach A. Generation and characterization of iPSC lines from two nuclear envelopathy patients with a homozygous nonsense mutation in the TOR1AIP1 gene. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102539. [PMID: 34560421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LAP1 is an inner nuclear membrane protein encoded by TOR1AIP1. A homozygous c.961C > T loss of function mutation in TOR1AIP1 that affects both isoforms of LAP1 was recently described. This mutation leads to the development of a severe multisystemic nuclear envelopathy syndrome. Here we describe the generation and characterization of two human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines derived from skin fibroblasts of two patients carrying the homozygous c.961C > T mutation. These novel lines can be used as a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanism by which LAP1 deficiency leads to the development of this severe hereditary disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Ben-Haim
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Boris Fichtman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Irina Epshtein
- Department of Pediatrics B', Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Department of Pediatrics B', Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amnon Harel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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7
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Zhen Y, Radulovic M, Vietri M, Stenmark H. Sealing holes in cellular membranes. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106922. [PMID: 33644904 PMCID: PMC8013788 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells, which is essential for their viability and functions, is ensured by single or double bilayer membranes that separate the cell from the exterior and form boundaries between the cell’s organelles and the cytosol. Nascent nuclear envelopes and autophagosomes, which both are enveloped by double membranes, need to be sealed during the late stage of their biogenesis. On the other hand, the integrity of cellular membranes such as the plasma membrane, lysosomes and the nuclear envelope can be compromised by pathogens, chemicals, radiation, inflammatory responses and mechanical stress. There are cellular programmes that restore membrane integrity after injury. Here, we review cellular mechanisms that have evolved to maintain membrane integrity during organelle biogenesis and after injury, including membrane scission mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), vesicle patching and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maja Radulovic
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Vietri
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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8
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High-Throughput Identification of Nuclear Envelope Protein Interactions in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Using an Arrayed Membrane Yeast-Two Hybrid Library. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4649-4663. [PMID: 33109728 PMCID: PMC7718735 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) contains a specialized set of integral membrane proteins that maintain nuclear shape and integrity and influence chromatin organization and gene expression. Advances in proteomics techniques and studies in model organisms have identified hundreds of proteins that localize to the NE. However, the function of many of these proteins at the NE remains unclear, in part due to a lack of understanding of the interactions that these proteins participate in at the NE membrane. To assist in the characterization of NE transmembrane protein interactions we developed an arrayed library of integral and peripheral membrane proteins from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe for high-throughput screening using the split-ubiquitin based membrane yeast two -hybrid system. We used this approach to characterize protein interactions for three conserved proteins that localize to the inner nuclear membrane: Cut11/Ndc1, Lem2 and Ima1/Samp1/Net5. Additionally, we determined how the interaction network for Cut11 is altered in canonical temperature-sensitive cut11-ts mutants. This library and screening approach is readily applicable to characterizing the interactomes of integral membrane proteins localizing to various subcellular compartments.
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9
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Moser B, Basílio J, Gotzmann J, Brachner A, Foisner R. Comparative Interactome Analysis of Emerin, MAN1 and LEM2 Reveals a Unique Role for LEM2 in Nucleotide Excision Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020463. [PMID: 32085595 PMCID: PMC7072835 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LAP2-Emerin-MAN1 (LEM) domain-containing proteins represent an abundant group of inner nuclear membrane proteins involved in diverse nuclear functions, but their functional redundancies remain unclear. Here, using the biotinylation-dependent proximity approach, we report proteome-wide comparative interactome analysis of the two structurally related LEM proteins MAN1 (LEMD3) and LEM2 (LEMD2), and the more distantly related emerin (EMD). While over 60% of the relatively small group of MAN1 and emerin interactors were also found in the LEM2 interactome, the latter included a large number of candidates (>85%) unique for LEM2. The interacting partners unique for emerin support and provide further insight into the previously reported role of emerin in centrosome positioning, and the MAN1-specific interactors suggest a role of MAN1 in ribonucleoprotein complex assembly. Interestingly, the LEM2-specific interactome contained several proteins of the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Accordingly, LEM2-depleted cells, but not MAN1- and emerin-depleted cells, showed impaired proliferation following ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation and prolonged accumulation of γH2AX, similar to cells deficient in the nucleotide excision repair protein DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1). These findings indicate impaired DNA damage repair in LEM2-depleted cells. Overall, this interactome study identifies new potential interaction partners of emerin, MAN1 and particularly LEM2, and describes a novel potential involvement of LEM2 in nucleotide excision repair at the nuclear periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Moser
- Max Perutz Labs, Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; (B.M.); (J.G.)
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Gotzmann
- Max Perutz Labs, Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; (B.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Andreas Brachner
- Max Perutz Labs, Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; (B.M.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max Perutz Labs, Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; (B.M.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.F.)
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10
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Wang W, Wang J, Lin W, Kao C, Hung M, Teng Y, Tsai T, Chi Y. Progerin in muscle leads to thermogenic and metabolic defects via impaired calcium homeostasis. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13090. [PMID: 31833196 PMCID: PMC6996945 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in lamin A (LMNA) are responsible for a variety of human dystrophic and metabolic diseases. Here, we created a mouse model in which progerin, the lamin A mutant protein that causes Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), can be inducibly overexpressed. Muscle‐specific overexpression of progerin was sufficient to induce muscular dystrophy and alter whole‐body energy expenditure, leading to premature death. Intriguingly, sarcolipin (Sln), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐associated protein involved in heat production, is upregulated in progerin‐expressing and Lmna knockout (Lmna−/−) skeletal muscle. The depletion of Sln accelerated the early death of Lmna−/− mice. An examination at the molecular level revealed that progerin recruits Sln and Calnexin to the nuclear periphery. Furthermore, progerin‐expressing myoblasts presented enhanced store‐operated Ca2+ entry, as well as increased co‐localization of STIM1 and ORAI1. These findings suggest that progerin dysregulates calcium homeostasis through an interaction with a subset of ER‐associated proteins, resulting in thermogenic and metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan‐Ping Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Jing‐Ya Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Hsin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Heng Kao
- Center of General Education Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chun Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Yuan‐Chi Teng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Fen Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Hui Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
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11
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Liu CH, Chien MJ, Chang YC, Cheng YH, Li FA, Mou KY. Combining Proximity Labeling and Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry for Proteomic Dissection of Nuclear Envelope Interactome. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1109-1118. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jou Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - You-Chiun Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Yun Mou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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12
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Casting a Wider Net: Differentiating between Inner Nuclear Envelope and Outer Nuclear Envelope Transmembrane Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215248. [PMID: 31652739 PMCID: PMC6862087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) surrounds the nucleus with a double membrane in eukaryotic cells. The double membranes are embedded with proteins that are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum and often destined specifically for either the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) or the inner nuclear membrane (INM). These nuclear envelope transmembrane proteins (NETs) play important roles in cellular function and participate in transcription, epigenetics, splicing, DNA replication, genome architecture, nuclear structure, nuclear stability, nuclear organization, and nuclear positioning. These vital functions are dependent upon both the correct localization and relative concentrations of NETs on the appropriate membrane of the NE. It is, therefore, important to understand the distribution and abundance of NETs on the NE. This review will evaluate the current tools and methodologies available to address this important topic.
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13
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Fichtman B, Harel T, Biran N, Zagairy F, Applegate CD, Salzberg Y, Gilboa T, Salah S, Shaag A, Simanovsky N, Ayoubieh H, Sobreira N, Punzi G, Pierri CL, Hamosh A, Elpeleg O, Harel A, Edvardson S. Pathogenic Variants in NUP214 Cause "Plugged" Nuclear Pore Channels and Acute Febrile Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:48-64. [PMID: 31178128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report biallelic missense and frameshift pathogenic variants in the gene encoding human nucleoporin NUP214 causing acute febrile encephalopathy. Clinical symptoms include neurodevelopmental regression, seizures, myoclonic jerks, progressive microcephaly, and cerebellar atrophy. NUP214 and NUP88 protein levels were reduced in primary skin fibroblasts derived from affected individuals, while the total number and density of nuclear pore complexes remained normal. Nuclear transport assays exhibited defects in the classical protein import and mRNA export pathways in affected cells. Direct surface imaging of fibroblast nuclei by scanning electron microscopy revealed a large increase in the presence of central particles (known as "plugs") in the nuclear pore channels of affected cells. This observation suggests that large transport cargoes may be delayed in passage through the nuclear pore channel, affecting its selective barrier function. Exposure of fibroblasts from affected individuals to heat shock resulted in a marked delay in their stress response, followed by a surge in apoptotic cell death. This suggests a mechanistic link between decreased cell survival in cell culture and severe fever-induced brain damage in affected individuals. Our study provides evidence by direct imaging at the single nuclear pore level of functional changes linked to a human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Fichtman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nitzan Biran
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Fadia Zagairy
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Carolyn D Applegate
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yuval Salzberg
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Tal Gilboa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Somaya Salah
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Avraham Shaag
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Natalia Simanovsky
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Houriya Ayoubieh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Jerusalem 91240, Israel, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Jerusalem 91240, Israel, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Punzi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Jerusalem 91240, Israel, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Amnon Harel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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14
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Combined loss of LAP1B and LAP1C results in an early onset multisystemic nuclear envelopathy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:605. [PMID: 30723199 PMCID: PMC6363790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins. Mutations affecting lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) result in two discrete phenotypes of muscular dystrophy and progressive dystonia with cerebellar atrophy. We report 7 patients presenting at birth with severe progressive neurological impairment, bilateral cataract, growth retardation and early lethality. All the patients are homozygous for a nonsense mutation in the TOR1AIP1 gene resulting in the loss of both protein isoforms LAP1B and LAP1C. Patient-derived fibroblasts exhibit changes in nuclear envelope morphology and large nuclear-spanning channels containing trapped cytoplasmic organelles. Decreased and inefficient cellular motility is also observed in these fibroblasts. Our study describes the complete absence of both major human LAP1 isoforms, underscoring their crucial role in early development and organogenesis. LAP1-associated defects may thus comprise a broad clinical spectrum depending on the availability of both isoforms in the nuclear envelope throughout life.
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15
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Lamin B is a target for selective nuclear PQC by BAG3: implication for nuclear envelopathies. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:23. [PMID: 30631036 PMCID: PMC6328609 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear envelopathies are recognized genetic disorders affecting individuals with mutations in their genes encoding members of the lamin family of nuclear envelope proteins that are responsible for maintaining the architectural structure of the nucleus. Irregularity in shape and size of the nuclei, nuclear membrane rupture, and appearance of micronuclei in the cytoplasm are among the pathological features of the syndrome. Here, we demonstrate that Bcl2-associated anthanogene-3 (BAG3), a stress-induced co-chaperone protein that by association with heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) participates in regulation of autophagy, plays a critical role in the integrity of the nuclear membrane in cardiomyocytes. Cells subjected to proteotoxic stress or BAG3 downregulation show perinuclear accumulation of the aberrant ubiquitinated proteins that are often associated with the appearance of misshapen, enlarged, and elongated nuclei. There were dense accumulations of lamin B in the perinuclear area and distribution of lamin B-positive micronuclei in the cytoplasmic space, indicative of nuclear envelope rupture. Overexpression of BAG3 in cells under proteotoxic stress ameliorated pathological nuclear morphology and reduced cytoplasmic distribution of the micronuclei particles. Subcellular co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated interaction of lamin B with the BAG domain of BAG3 and HSP70, suggesting the importance of BAG3 in the selective clearance of a surplus of aggregated lamin B that is generated during stress conditions. Our findings define a novel role for BAG3 in nuclear protein quality control and suggest an alternative pathogenetic pathway that contributes to the development of nuclear envelopathies.
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16
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Pradhan R, Ranade D, Sengupta K. Emerin modulates spatial organization of chromosome territories in cells on softer matrices. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:5561-5586. [PMID: 29684168 PMCID: PMC6009696 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells perceive and relay external mechanical forces into the nucleus through the nuclear envelope. Here we examined the effect of lowering substrate stiffness as a paradigm to address the impact of altered mechanical forces on nuclear structure-function relationships. RNA sequencing of cells on softer matrices revealed significant transcriptional imbalances, predominantly in chromatin associated processes and transcriptional deregulation of human Chromosome 1. Furthermore, 3-Dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) analyses showed a significant mislocalization of Chromosome 1 and 19 Territories (CT) into the nuclear interior, consistent with their transcriptional deregulation. However, CT18 with relatively lower transcriptional dysregulation, also mislocalized into the nuclear interior. Furthermore, nuclear Lamins that regulate chromosome positioning, were mislocalized into the nuclear interior in response to lowered matrix stiffness. Notably, Lamin B2 overexpression retained CT18 near the nuclear periphery in cells on softer matrices. While, cells on softer matrices also activated emerin phosphorylation at a novel Tyr99 residue, the inhibition of which in a phospho-deficient mutant (emerinY99F), selectively retained chromosome 18 and 19 but not chromosome 1 territories at their conserved nuclear locations. Taken together, emerin functions as a key mechanosensor, that modulates the spatial organization of chromosome territories in the interphase nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Pradhan
- Biology, Main Building, First Floor, Room#B-216, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devika Ranade
- Biology, Main Building, First Floor, Room#B-216, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Biology, Main Building, First Floor, Room#B-216, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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17
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García-Castañeda M, Vega AV, Rodríguez R, Montiel-Jaen MG, Cisneros B, Zarain-Herzberg A, Avila G. Functional impact of an oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy mutation in PABPN1. J Physiol 2017; 595:4167-4187. [PMID: 28303574 DOI: 10.1113/jp273948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Mutations in the gene encoding poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) result in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). This disease is of late-onset, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Ca2+ stimulates muscle growth and contraction and, because OPMD courses with muscle atrophy and weakness, we hypothesized that the homeostasis of Ca2+ is altered in this disorder. C2C12 myotubes were transfected with cDNAs encoding either PABPN1 or the PABPN1-17A OPMD mutation. Subsequently, they were investigated concerning not only excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) and intracellular levels of Ca2+ , but also differentiation stage and nuclear structure. PABPN1-17A gave rise to: inhibition of Ca2+ release during ECC, depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, reduced expression of ryanodine receptors, altered nuclear morphology and incapability to stimulate myoblast fusion. PABPN1-17A failed to inhibit ECC in adult muscle fibres, suggesting that its effects are primarily related to muscle regeneration. ABSTRACT Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is linked to mutations in the gene encoding poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). OPMD mutations consist of an expansion of a tract that contains 10 alanines (to 12-17). This disease courses with muscle weakness that begins in adulthood, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the functional effects of PABPN1 and an OPMD mutation (PABPN1-17A) using myotubes transfected with cDNAs encoding these proteins (GFP-tagged). PABPN1 stimulated myoblast fusion (100%), whereas PABPN1-17A failed to mimic this effect. Additionally, the OPMD mutation markedly altered nuclear morphology; specifically, it led to nuclei with a more convoluted and ovoid shape. Although PABPN1 and PABPN1-17A modified the expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase and calsequestrin, the corresponding changes did not have a clear impact on [Ca2+ ]. Interestingly, neither L-type Ca2+ channels, nor voltage-gated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release (VGCR) was altered by PABPN1. However, PABPN1-17A produced a selective inhibition of VGCR (50%). This effect probably arises from both lower expression of RyR1 and depletion of SR Ca2+ . The latter, however, was not related to inhibition of store-operated Ca2+ entry. Both PABPN1 constructs promoted a moderated decrease in cytosolic [Ca2+ ], which apparently results from down-regulation of excitation-coupled Ca2+ entry. On the other hand, PABPN1-17A did not alter ECC in muscle fibres, suggesting that adult muscle is less prone to developing deleterious effects. These results demonstrate that PABPN1 proteins regulate essential processes during myotube formation and support the notion that OPMD involves disruption of myogenesis, nuclear structure and homeostasis of Ca2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Victoria Vega
- UBIMED FES-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Rocío Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cinvestav-IPN AP 14-740, México City, México
| | | | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cinvestav-IPN AP 14-740, México City, México
| | - Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Guillermo Avila
- Department of Biochemistry, Cinvestav-IPN AP 14-740, México City, México
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18
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Abstract
A- and B-type lamins support the nuclear envelope, contribute to heterochromatin organization, and regulate a myriad of nuclear processes. The mechanisms by which lamins function in different cell types and the mechanisms by which lamin mutations cause over a dozen human diseases (laminopathies) remain unclear. The identification of proteins associated with lamins is likely to provide fundamental insight into these mechanisms. BioID (proximity-dependent biotin identification) is a unique and powerful method for identifying protein-protein and proximity-based interactions in living cells. BioID utilizes a mutant biotin ligase from bacteria that is fused to a protein of interest (bait). When expressed in living cells and stimulated with excess biotin, this BioID-fusion protein promiscuously biotinylates directly interacting and vicinal endogenous proteins. Following biotin-affinity capture, the biotinylated proteins can be identified using mass spectrometry. BioID thus enables screening for physiologically relevant protein associations that occur over time in living cells. BioID is applicable to insoluble proteins such as lamins that are often refractory to study by other methods and can identify weak and/or transient interactions. We discuss the use of BioID to elucidate novel lamin-interacting proteins and its applications in a broad range of biological systems, and provide detailed protocols to guide new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Mehus
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
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19
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Senécal JL, Isabelle C, Fritzler MJ, Targoff IN, Goldstein R, Gagné M, Raynauld JP, Joyal F, Troyanov Y, Dabauvalle MC. An autoimmune myositis-overlap syndrome associated with autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes: description and long-term follow-up of the anti-Nup syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:383-394. [PMID: 25500708 PMCID: PMC4602431 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune myositis encompasses various myositis-overlap syndromes, each being identified by the presence of serum marker autoantibodies. We describe a novel myositis-overlap syndrome in 4 patients characterized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes. The clinical phenotype was characterized by prominent myositis in association with erosive, anti-CCP, and rheumatoid factor-positive arthritis, trigeminal neuralgia, mild interstitial lung disease, Raynaud phenomenon, and weight loss. The myositis was typically chronic, relapsing, and refractory to corticosteroids alone, but remitted with the addition of a second immunomodulating drug. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence for liver disease. The prognosis was good with 100% long-term survival (mean follow-up 19.5 yr).By indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, sera from all 4 patients displayed a high titer of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) with a distinct punctate peripheral (rim) fluorescent pattern of the nuclear envelope characteristic of nuclear pore complexes. Reactivity with nuclear pore complexes was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In a cohort of 100 French Canadian patients with autoimmune myositis, the nuclear pore complex fluorescent ANA pattern was restricted to these 4 patients (4%). It was not observed in sera from 393 adult patients with systemic sclerosis (n = 112), mixed connective tissue disease (n = 35), systemic lupus (n = 94), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 45), or other rheumatic diseases (n = 107), nor was it observed in 62 normal adults.Autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes were predominantly of IgG isotype. No other IgG autoantibody markers for defined connective tissue diseases or overlap syndromes were present, indicating a selective and highly focused immune response. In 3 patients, anti-nuclear pore complex autoantibody titers varied in parallel with myositis activity, suggesting a pathogenic link to pathophysiology. The nuclear pore complex proteins, that is, nucleoporins (nup), recognized by these sera were heterogeneous and included Nup358/RanBP2 (n = 2 patients), Nup90 (n = 1), Nup62 (n = 1), and gp210 (n = 1). Taken together the data suggest that nup autoantigens themselves drive the anti-nup autoimmune response. Immunogenetically, the 4 patients shared the DQA1*0501 allele associated with an increased risk for autoimmune myositis.In conclusion, we report an apparent novel subset of autoimmune myositis in our population of French Canadian patients with connective tissue diseases. This syndrome is recognized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes that react with nups, consistent with an "anti-nup syndrome."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Senécal
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Rheumatology (JLS, CI, JPR, YT) and Internal Medicine (FJ), and Laboratory for Research in Autoimmunity, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Mitogen Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory (MJF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (INT), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States; McGill University (RG), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Polyclinique Saint-Eustache (MG), Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada; Biocenter (MCD), Division of Electron Microscopy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Rodríguez R, Hernández-Hernández O, Magaña JJ, González-Ramírez R, García-López ES, Cisneros B. Altered nuclear structure in myotonic dystrophy type 1-derived fibroblasts. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:479-88. [PMID: 25307018 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by a triplet nucleotide repeat expansion in the 3' untranslated region of the Dystrophia Myotonica-Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene. DMPK gene transcripts containing CUG expanded repeats accumulate in nuclear foci and ultimately cause altered splicing/gene expression of numerous secondary genes. The study of primary cell cultures derived from patients with DM1 has allowed the identification and further characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology in the natural context of the disease. In this study we show for the first time impaired nuclear structure in fibroblasts of DM1 patients. DM1-derived fibroblasts exhibited altered localization of the nuclear envelope (NE) proteins emerin and lamins A/C and B1 with concomitant increased size and altered shape of nuclei. Abnormal NE organization is more common in DM1 fibroblasts containing abundant nuclear foci, implying expression of the expanded RNA as determinant of nuclear defects. That transient expression of the DMPK 3' UTR containing 960 CTG but not with the 3' UTR lacking CTG repeats is sufficient to generate NE disruption in normal fibroblasts confirms the direct impact of mutant RNA on NE architecture. We also evidence nucleoli distortion in DM1 fibroblasts by immunostaining of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin, implying a broader effect of the mutant RNA on nuclear structure. In summary, these findings reveal that NE disruption, a hallmark of laminopathy disorders, is a novel characteristic of DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodríguez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico, D.F, Mexico
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21
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Chen ZJ, Wang WP, Chen YC, Wang JY, Lin WH, Tai LA, Liou GG, Yang CS, Chi YH. Dysregulated interactions between lamin A and SUN1 induce abnormalities in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum in progeric laminopathies. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1792-804. [PMID: 24522183 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.139683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a human progeroid disease caused by a point mutation on the LMNA gene. We reported previously that the accumulation of the nuclear envelope protein SUN1 contributes to HGPS nuclear aberrancies. However, the mechanism by which interactions between mutant lamin A (also known as progerin or LAΔ50) and SUN1 produce HGPS cellular phenotypes requires further elucidation. Using light and electron microscopy, this study demonstrated that SUN1 contributes to progerin-elicited structural changes in the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. We further identified two domains through which full-length lamin A associates with SUN1, and determined that the farnesylated cysteine within the CaaX motif of lamin A has a stronger affinity for SUN1 than does the lamin A region containing amino acids 607 to 656. Farnesylation of progerin enhanced its interaction with SUN1 and reduced SUN1 mobility, thereby promoting the aberrant recruitment of progerin to the ER membrane during postmitotic assembly of the nuclear envelope, resulting in the accumulation of SUN1 over consecutive cellular divisions. These results indicate that the dysregulated interaction of SUN1 and progerin in the ER during nuclear envelope reformation determines the progression of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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22
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Molitor TP, Traktman P. Depletion of the protein kinase VRK1 disrupts nuclear envelope morphology and leads to BAF retention on mitotic chromosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:891-903. [PMID: 24430874 PMCID: PMC3952857 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The VRK1 protein kinase regulates the phosphorylation of BAF, which binds to dsDNA and LEM domain–containing proteins. VRK1 depletion increases the immobile fraction of BAF at the nuclear periphery and disturbs nuclear envelope architecture. It also leads to the retention of BAF on chromosomes as cells enter and progress through mitosis. Barrier to autointegration factor (BAF), which is encoded by the BANF1 gene, binds with high-affinity to double-stranded DNA and LEM domain–containing proteins at the nuclear periphery. A BANF1 mutation has recently been associated with a novel human progeria syndrome, and cells from these patients have aberrant nuclear envelopes. The interactions of BAF with its DNA- and protein-binding partners are known to be regulated by phosphorylation, and previously we validated BAF as a highly efficient substrate for the VRK1 protein kinase. Here we show that depletion of VRK1 in MCF10a and MDA-MB-231 cells results in aberrant nuclear architecture. The immobile fraction of green fluorescent protein (GFP)–BAF at the nuclear envelope (NE) is elevated, suggesting that prolonged interactions of BAF with its binding partners is likely responsible for the aberrant NE architecture. Because detachment of BAF from its binding partners is associated with NE disassembly, we performed live-imaging analysis of control and VRK1-depleted cells to visualize GFP-BAF dynamics during mitosis. In the absence of VRK1, BAF does not disperse but instead remains chromosome bound from the onset of mitosis. VRK1 depletion also increases the number of anaphase bridges and multipolar spindles. Thus phosphorylation of BAF by VRK1 is essential both for normal NE architecture and proper dynamics of BAF–chromosome interactions during mitosis. These results are consistent with previous studies of the VRK/BAF signaling axis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and validate VRK1 as a key regulator of NE architecture and mitotic chromosome dynamics in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Molitor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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23
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Wazir U, Ahmed MH, Bridger JM, Harvey A, Jiang WG, Sharma AK, Mokbel K. The clinicopathological significance of lamin A/C, lamin B1 and lamin B receptor mRNA expression in human breast cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:595-611. [PMID: 24293108 PMCID: PMC6275779 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C (LMNA), lamin B1 (LMNB1) and lamin B receptor (LBR) have key roles in nuclear structural integrity and chromosomal stability. In this study, we have studied the relationships between the mRNA expressions of A-type lamins, LMNB1 and LBR and the clinicopathological parameters in human breast cancer. Samples of breast cancer tissues (n = 115) and associated non-cancerous tissue (ANCT; n = 30) were assessed using reverse transcription and quantitative PCR. Transcript levels were correlated with clinicopathological data. Higher levels of A-type lamins and LMNB1 mRNA expression were seen in ANCT. Higher lamin A/C expression was associated with the early clinical stage (TNM1 vs. TNM3 - 13 vs. 0.21; p = 0.0515), with better clinical outcomes (disease-free survival vs. mortality - 11 vs. 1; p = 0.0326), and with better overall (p = 0.004) and disease-free survival (p = 0.062). The expression of LMNB1 declined with worsening clinical outcome (disease-free vs. mortalities - 0.0011 vs. 0.000; p = 0.0177). LBR mRNA expression was directly associated with tumor grade (grade 1 vs. grade 3 - 0.00 vs. 0.00; p = 0.0479) and Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI1 vs. NPI3 - 0.00 vs. 0.00; p = 0.0551). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest such a role for A-type lamins, lamin B1 and LBR in human breast cancer, identifying an important area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Wazir
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Breast Surgery, St. George’s Hospital and Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mai Hassan Ahmed
- Centre for Cell & Chromosome Biology, Uxbridge, London, UK
- Brunel Institute for Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UK
| | | | - Amanda Harvey
- Brunel Institute for Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UK
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Anup K. Sharma
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kefah Mokbel
- London Breast Institute, the Princess Grace Hospital, 45 Nottingham Place, London, W1U 5NY UK
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Breast Surgery, St. George’s Hospital and Medical School, University of London, London, UK
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24
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Li Z, Zhu Y, Zhai Y, R Castroagudin M, Bao Y, White TE, Glavy JS. Werner complex deficiency in cells disrupts the Nuclear Pore Complex and the distribution of lamin B1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:3338-3345. [PMID: 24050918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
From the surrounding shell to the inner machinery, nuclear proteins provide the functional plasticity of the nucleus. This study highlights the nuclear association of Pore membrane (POM) protein NDC1 and Werner protein (WRN), a RecQ helicase responsible for the DNA instability progeria disorder, Werner Syndrome. In our previous publication, we connected the DNA damage sensor Werner's Helicase Interacting Protein (WHIP), a binding partner of WRN, to the NPC. Here, we confirm the association of the WRN/WHIP complex and NDC1. In established WRN/WHIP knockout cell lines, we further demonstrate the interdependence of WRN/WHIP and Nucleoporins (Nups). These changes do not completely abrogate the barrier of the Nuclear Envelope (NE) but do affect the distribution of FG Nups and the RAN gradient, which are necessary for nuclear transport. Evidence from WRN/WHIP knockout cell lines demonstrates changes in the processing and nucleolar localization of lamin B1. The appearance of "RAN holes" void of RAN corresponds to regions within the nucleolus filled with condensed pools of lamin B1. From WRN/WHIP knockout cell line extracts, we found three forms of lamin B1 that correspond to mature holoprotein and two potential post-translationally modified forms of the protein. Upon treatment with topoisomerase inhibitors lamin B1 cleavage occurs only in WRN/WHIP knockout cells. Our data suggest the link of the NDC1 and WRN as one facet of the network between the nuclear periphery and genome stability. Loss of WRN complex leads to multiple alterations at the NPC and the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology & Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Yizhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology & Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology & Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Michelle R Castroagudin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology & Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Yifei Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology & Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Tommy E White
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology & Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Joseph S Glavy
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology & Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with a spectrum of human dystrophic diseases termed the "nuclear laminopathies." We recently found that the accumulation of the inner nuclear envelope proteins SUN1 is pathogenic in progeric and dystrophic laminopathies. This conclusion arose from the unexpected observation that the deletion of Sun1, instead of accelerating aging, actually ameliorated the progeric and dystrophic phenotypes in Lmna-deficient mice. In human cells, knocking down SUN1 corrected the nuclear aberrancies and the senescent tendencies of HGPS (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome) skin fibroblasts. Here we offer additional comments on the contributions of SUN1 and the process of normal protein turnover to cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chi
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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26
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Chen CY, Chi YH, Mutalif RA, Starost MF, Myers TG, Anderson SA, Stewart CL, Jeang KT. Accumulation of the inner nuclear envelope protein Sun1 is pathogenic in progeric and dystrophic laminopathies. Cell 2012; 149:565-77. [PMID: 22541428 PMCID: PMC3340584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human LMNA gene mutations result in laminopathies that include Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (AD-EDMD) and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria, the premature aging syndrome (HGPS). The Lmna null (Lmna(-/-)) and progeroid LmnaΔ9 mutant mice are models for AD-EDMD and HGPS, respectively. Both animals develop severe tissue pathologies with abbreviated life spans. Like HGPS cells, Lmna(-/-) and LmnaΔ9 fibroblasts have typically misshapen nuclei. Unexpectedly, Lmna(-/-) or LmnaΔ9 mice that are also deficient for the inner nuclear membrane protein Sun1 show markedly reduced tissue pathologies and enhanced longevity. Concordantly, reduction of SUN1 overaccumulation in LMNA mutant fibroblasts and in cells derived from HGPS patients corrected nuclear defects and cellular senescence. Collectively, these findings implicate Sun1 protein accumulation as a common pathogenic event in Lmna(-/-), LmnaΔ9, and HGPS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Chen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ya-Hui Chi
- the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | | | - Matthew F. Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Microarray Research Facility, Genomic Technologies Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stasia A. Anderson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Animal MRI Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kuan-Teh Jeang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Johnson
- Synatom Research, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
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Brachner A, Braun J, Ghodgaonkar M, Castor D, Zlopaša L, Ehrlich V, Jiricny J, Gotzmann J, Knasmüller S, Foisner R. The endonuclease Ankle1 requires its LEM and GIY-YIG motifs for DNA cleavage in vivo. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1048-57. [PMID: 22399800 PMCID: PMC4335191 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.098392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The LEM domain (for lamina-associated polypeptide, emerin, MAN1 domain) defines a group of nuclear proteins that bind chromatin through interaction of the LEM motif with the conserved DNA crosslinking protein, barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF). Here, we describe a LEM protein annotated in databases as 'Ankyrin repeat and LEM domain-containing protein 1' (Ankle1). We show that Ankle1 is conserved in metazoans and contains a unique C-terminal GIY-YIG motif that confers endonuclease activity in vitro and in vivo. In mammals, Ankle1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. Although most characterized LEM proteins are components of the inner nuclear membrane, ectopic Ankle1 shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus. Ankle1 enriched in the nucleoplasm induces DNA cleavage and DNA damage response. This activity requires both the catalytic C-terminal GIY-YIG domain and the LEM motif, which binds chromatin via BAF. Hence, Ankle1 is an unusual LEM protein with a GIY-YIG-type endonuclease activity in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brachner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane Braun
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Medini Ghodgaonkar
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Castor
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Livija Zlopaša
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Ehrlich
- Institute of Cancer Research, Inner Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Jiricny
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Gotzmann
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Inner Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
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Warren DT, Shanahan CM. Defective DNA-damage repair induced by nuclear lamina dysfunction is a key mediator of smooth muscle cell aging. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:1780-5. [PMID: 22103525 DOI: 10.1042/bst20110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of DNA damage is a major driving force of normal cellular aging and has recently been demonstrated to hasten the development of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) are essential for vessel wall integrity and repair, and maintenance of their proliferative capacity is essential for vascular health. The signalling pathways that determine VSMC aging remain poorly defined; however, recent evidence implicates persistent DNA damage and the A-type nuclear lamins as key regulators of this process. In the present review, we discuss the importance of the nuclear lamina in the spatial organization of nuclear signalling events, including the DNA-damage response. In particular, we focus on the evidence suggesting that prelamin A accumulation interferes with nuclear spatial compartmentalization by disrupting chromatin organization and DNA-damage repair pathways to promote VSMC aging and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T Warren
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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30
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Kang K, Lee HJ, Yoo JH, Jho EH, Kim CY, Kim M, Nho CW. Cell and Nuclear Enlargement of SW480 Cells Induced by a Plant Lignan, Arctigenin: Evaluation of Cellular DNA Content Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:623-9. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsu Kang
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yoo
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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de Mateo S, Castillo J, Estanyol JM, Ballescà JL, Oliva R. Proteomic characterization of the human sperm nucleus. Proteomics 2011; 11:2714-26. [PMID: 21630459 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Generating a catalogue of sperm nuclear proteins is an important first step towards the clarification of the function of the paternal chromatin transmitted to the oocyte upon fertilization. With this goal, sperm nuclei were obtained through CTAB treatment and isolated to over 99.9% purity without any tail fragments, acrosome or mitochondria as assessed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nuclear proteins were extracted and separated in 2-D and 1-D gels and the 2-D spots and 1-D bands were excised and analysed to identify the proteins through LC-MS/MS. With this approach, 403 different proteins have been identified from the isolated sperm nuclei. The most abundant family of proteins identified are the histones, for which several novel members had not been reported previously as present in the spermatogenic cell line or in the human mature spermatozoa. More than half (52.6%) of the proteins had not been detected in the previous human whole sperm cell proteome reports. Of relevance, several chromatin-related proteins, such as zinc fingers and transcription factors, so far not known to be associated with the sperm chromatin, have also been detected. This provides additional information about the nuclear proteins that are potentially relevant for epigenetic marking, proper fertilization and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara de Mateo
- Human Genetics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Polychronidou M, Grobhans J. Determining nuclear shape: the role of farnesylated nuclear membrane proteins. Nucleus 2011; 2:17-23. [PMID: 21647295 PMCID: PMC3104805 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.2.1.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in nuclear morphology are observed in diverse developmental processes as well as in pathological conditions. Modification of nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina protein levels results in altered nuclear shapes, as it has been demonstrated in experimental systems ranging from yeast to human cells. The important role of nuclear membrane components in regulating nuclear morphology is additionally highlighted by the abnormally shaped nuclei observed in diseases where nuclear lamina proteins are mutated. Even though the effect of nuclear envelope components on nuclear shape has been thoroughly described, not much is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern these events. In addition to the known role of intermediate filament formation by lamins, here we discuss several mechanisms that might alone or in combination participate in the regulation of nuclear shape observed upon modification of the levels of nuclear membrane and lamina proteins. Based on recent work with the two farnesylated nuclear membrane Drosophila proteins, kugelkern and lamin Dm0, we propose that the direct interaction of farnesylated nuclear membrane proteins with the phospholipid bilayer leads to nuclear envelope deformation. In addition to this mechanism, we suggest that the interaction of nuclear membrane and lamina proteins with cytoskeletal elements and chromatin, and modifications in lipid biosynthesis might also be involved in the formation of abnormally shaped nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Polychronidou
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
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Nesprins LINC the nucleus and cytoskeleton. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 23:47-54. [PMID: 21177090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Like other spectrin repeat proteins, nesprins co-ordinate and maintain cellular architecture by linking membranous organelles to the cytoskeleton. However nuclear envelope (NE) nesprins, uniquely hardwire the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton and molecular motors. Emerging evidence suggests that nesprins also form a continuous network linking the plasma membrane to the NE that potentially translates mechanical stimuli into nuclear reorganisation. Surprisingly, this network is also essential for cytoskeletal organisation and its disruption has dramatic effects on nuclear migration, centrosomal positioning, focal adhesion maturation and cell motility. Herein we review recent advances in our understanding of how nesprins couple to various filamentous systems within the cell and emphasise the importance of both KASH and KASH-less nesprin isoforms in these interactions.
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Kubben N, Voncken JW, Demmers J, Calis C, van Almen G, Pinto Y, Misteli T. Identification of differential protein interactors of lamin A and progerin. Nucleus 2010; 1:513-25. [PMID: 21327095 PMCID: PMC3027055 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.1.6.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is an interconnected meshwork of intermediate filament proteins underlying the nuclear envelope. The lamina is an important regulator of nuclear structural integrity as well as nuclear processes, including transcription, DNA replication and chromatin remodeling. The major components of the lamina are A- and B-type lamins. Mutations in lamins impair lamina functions and cause a set of highly tissue-specific diseases collectively referred to as laminopathies. The phenotypic diversity amongst laminopathies is hypothesized to be caused by mutations affecting specific protein interactions, possibly in a tissue-specific manner. Current technologies to identify interaction partners of lamin A and its mutants are hampered by the insoluble nature of lamina components. To overcome the limitations of current technologies, we developed and applied a novel, unbiased approach to identify lamin A-interacting proteins. This approach involves expression of the high-affinity OneSTrEP-tag, precipitation of lamin-protein complexes after reversible protein cross-linking and subsequent protein identification by mass spectrometry. We used this approach to identify in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cardiac myocyte NklTAg cell lines proteins that interact with lamin A and its mutant isoform progerin, which causes the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). We identified a total of 313 lamina-interacting proteins, including several novel lamin A interactors, and we characterize a set of 35 proteins which preferentially interact with lamin A or progerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nard Kubben
- Center for Heart Failure Research; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht; Maastricht, The Netherlands
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jan Willem Voncken
- Department of Molecular Genetics; GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology; Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chantal Calis
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University; Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van Almen
- Center for Heart Failure Research; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht; Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal Pinto
- Heart Failure Research Center; Medical Center; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
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