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Iñiguez-Muñoz S, Llinàs-Arias P, Ensenyat-Mendez M, Bedoya-López AF, Orozco JIJ, Cortés J, Roy A, Forsberg-Nilsson K, DiNome ML, Marzese DM. Hidden secrets of the cancer genome: unlocking the impact of non-coding mutations in gene regulatory elements. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:274. [PMID: 38902506 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Discoveries in the field of genomics have revealed that non-coding genomic regions are not merely "junk DNA", but rather comprise critical elements involved in gene expression. These gene regulatory elements (GREs) include enhancers, insulators, silencers, and gene promoters. Notably, new evidence shows how mutations within these regions substantially influence gene expression programs, especially in the context of cancer. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have accelerated the identification of somatic and germline single nucleotide mutations in non-coding genomic regions. This review provides an overview of somatic and germline non-coding single nucleotide alterations affecting transcription factor binding sites in GREs, specifically involved in cancer biology. It also summarizes the technologies available for exploring GREs and the challenges associated with studying and characterizing non-coding single nucleotide mutations. Understanding the role of GRE alterations in cancer is essential for improving diagnostic and prognostic capabilities in the precision medicine era, leading to enhanced patient-centered clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Iñiguez-Muñoz
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Ensenyat-Mendez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Andrés F Bedoya-López
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Javier I J Orozco
- Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Javier Cortés
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Group, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research SL (MEDSIR), 08018, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ananya Roy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maggie L DiNome
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diego M Marzese
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Ignatieva EV, Matrosova EA. Disease-associated genetic variants in the regulatory regions of human genes: mechanisms of action on transcription and genomic resources for dissecting these mechanisms. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:18-29. [PMID: 34541447 PMCID: PMC8408020 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome and whole exome sequencing technologies play a very important role in the studies of the genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of various diseases. The ample use of genome-wide and exome-wide association study
methodology (GWAS and EWAS) made it possible to identify a large number of genetic variants associated with diseases.
This information is accumulated in the databases like GWAS central, GWAS catalog, OMIM, ClinVar, etc. Most of the variants identified by the GWAS technique are located in the noncoding regions of the human genome. According to the
ENCODE project, the fraction of regions in the human genome potentially involved in transcriptional control is many times
greater than the fraction of coding regions. Thus, genetic variation in noncoding regions of the genome can increase the
susceptibility to diseases by disrupting various regulatory elements (promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulator regions,
etc.). However, identification of the mechanisms of influence of pathogenic genetic variants on the diseases risk is difficult
due to a wide variety of regulatory elements. The present review focuses on the molecular genetic mechanisms by which
pathogenic genetic variants affect gene expression. At the same time, attention is concentrated on the transcriptional level
of regulation as an initial step in the expression of any gene. A triggering event mediating the effect of a pathogenic genetic
variant on the level of gene expression can be, for example, a change in the functional activity of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) or DNA methylation change, which, in turn, affects the functional activity of promoters or enhancers. Dissecting the regulatory roles of polymorphic loci have been impossible without close integration of modern experimental
approaches with computer analysis of a growing wealth of genetic and biological data obtained using omics technologies.
The review provides a brief description of a number of the most well-known public genomic information resources containing data obtained using omics technologies, including (1) resources that accumulate data on the chromatin states and the
regions of transcription factor binding derived from ChIP-seq experiments; (2) resources containing data on genomic loci,
for which allele-specific transcription factor binding was revealed based on ChIP-seq technology; (3) resources containing
in silico predicted data on the potential impact of genetic variants on the transcription factor binding sites
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Ignatieva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Matrosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Association Study of rs2987983 Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of ESR2 Gene and Susceptibility to Nodular Thyroid in Women of Markazi Province, Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.66753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The risk of thyroid disease has been increased during recent years; more than 200 million people are suffering from various types of thyroid diseases. The rate of thyroid nodules in women is 4 times more than that of men. Epidemiological findings and experimental evidence of thyroid lesions suggest that sex hormones, especially estrogen, may affect this gland and its neoplasms. Objectives: Considering the prevalence of benign and malignant thyroid disease in women, we investigated the association between rs2987983 polymorphism in the estrogen receptor beta gene and nodular thyroid disease. Methods: In this case-control study, 146 patients with thyroid nodules from Amir- Almomenin Hospital in Arak were compared with 151 healthy individuals. The diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography and confirmed by an endocrinologist. After DNA extraction, genotyping was performed with T-ARMS PCR. Finally, statistical analysis was carried out. Results: The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes in the case group were 48 (32.9%), 83 (56.8%), and 15 (10.3%), respectively. These values in the control group were 64 (42.4%), 64 (42.4%), and 23 (15.2%), respectively. Overall, a statistically significant association (P = 0.042, χ2 = 6.3, df = 2) was observed between rs2987983 polymorphism and thyroid nodules. Conclusions: Considering the significant association between rs2987983 polymorphism and thyroid nodules, it can be suggested that the mentioned polymorphism may be used as a diagnostic biomarker. Because this polymorphism is in the promoter region of the gene, it probably alters gene expression levels.
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Jurečeková J, Sivoňová MK, Drobková H, Híveš M, Evin D, Kliment J, Dobrota D. Association between estrogen receptor β polymorphisms and prostate cancer in a Slovak population. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:214. [PMID: 33510815 PMCID: PMC7836386 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones have important roles in the function of the prostate; however, they may also serve as factors in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. Estrogens, acting through estrogen receptors, may significantly affect prostate cancer development and progression. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the association between the rs3020449, rs4986938 and rs1256049 polymorphisms in the promoter region of the estrogen receptor β (ESR2) gene and prostate cancer risk in the Slovak population. A total of 510 patients with prostate cancer and 184 healthy men were included in the present study. No association between the rs4986938 and rs1256049 polymorphisms and prostate cancer development and progression was revealed; however, there was a statistically significant association between the rs3020449 GG genotype [odds ratio (OR), 2.35; P=0.002] and the G allele (OR, 1.42; P=0.005) and a higher risk of prostate cancer development. The rs3020449 GG genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of development of carcinoma with a Gleason score >7 (OR, 2.66; P=0.005), as well as with the development of carcinoma with pT3/pT4 (OR, 2.28; P=0.02). According to the results from the present study, the rs3020449 polymorphism, in the promoter region of ESR2, may be considered to have a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer in the Slovak population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jurečeková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Monika Kmeťová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Drobková
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Márk Híveš
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Evin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.,Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kliment
- Clinic of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Vohra M, Sharma AR, Prabhu B N, Rai PS. SNPs in Sites for DNA Methylation, Transcription Factor Binding, and miRNA Targets Leading to Allele-Specific Gene Expression and Contributing to Complex Disease Risk: A Systematic Review. Public Health Genomics 2020; 23:155-170. [PMID: 32966991 DOI: 10.1159/000510253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complex genetic diversity among human populations results from an assortment of factors acting at various sequential levels, including mutations, population migrations, genetic drift, and selection. Although there are a plethora of DNA sequence variations identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the challenge remains to explain the mechanisms underlying interindividual phenotypic disparity accounting for disease susceptibility. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in the sites for DNA methylation, transcription factor (TF) binding, or miRNA targets can alter the gene expression. The systematic review aimed to evaluate the complex crosstalk among SNPs, miRNAs, DNA methylation, and TFs for complex multifactorial disease risk. METHODS PubMed and Scopus databases were used from inception until May 15, 2019. Initially, screening of articles involved studies assessing the interaction of SNPs with TFs, DNA methylation, or miRNAs resulting in allele-specific gene expression in complex multifactorial diseases. We also included the studies which provided experimental validation of the interaction of SNPs with each of these factors. The results from various studies on multifactorial diseases were assessed. RESULTS A total of 11 articles for SNPs interacting with DNA methylation, 30 articles for SNPs interacting with TFs, and 11 articles for SNPs in miRNA binding sites were selected. The interactions of SNPs with epigenetic factors were found to be implicated in different types of cancers, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and asthma. CONCLUSION The systematic review provides evidence for the interplay between genetic and epigenetic risk factors through allele-specific gene expression in various complex multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Vohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anu Radha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Navya Prabhu B
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,
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Abstract
Breast cancer, a malignant tumor originating from mammary epithelial tissue, is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Challenges facing the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer necessitate the search for new mechanisms and drugs to improve outcomes. Estrogen receptor (ER) is considered to be important for determining the diagnosis and treatment strategy. The discovery of the second estrogen receptor, ERβ, provides an opportunity to understand estrogen action. The emergence of ERβ can be traced back to 1996. Over the past 20 years, an increasing body of evidence has implicated the vital effect of ERβ in breast cancer. Although there is controversy among scholars, ERβ is generally thought to have antiproliferative effects in disease progression. This review summarizes available evidence regarding the involvement of ERβ in the clinical treatment and prognosis of breast cancer and describes signaling pathways associated with ERβ. We hope to highlight the potential of ERβ as a therapeutic target.
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da Silva AS, Carvalho TL, do Ó KP, da Nóbrega DN, Dos Santos Souza R, da Silva Lima VF, Farias ICC, de Mendonça Belmont TF, de Mendonça Cavalcanti MDS, de Barros Miranda-Filho D. Association of the polymorphisms of the genes APOC3 (rs2854116), ESR2 (rs3020450), HFE (rs1799945), MMP1 (rs1799750) and PPARG (rs1801282) with lipodystrophy in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4779-4787. [PMID: 32323264 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify data reported in the literature concerning the association of APOC3 (rs2854116), ESR2 (rs3020450), HFE (rs1799945), MMP1 (rs1799750) and PPARG (rs1801282) polymorphisms with lipodystrophy in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) on antirretroviral therapy. The research was conducted in six databases and the studies were selected in two steps. First, a search was undertaken in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, World Wide Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scielo, Lilacs and Medcarib. The titles and abstracts of 24,859 articles were read to select those that match the elegibilty criteria. Five papers that addressed the association of HAART, lipodystrophy and polymorphisms were selected for the review. There was no association between the polymorphisms of the genes APOC3 and PPARG and lipodystrophy. Another study described an association between the variant allele (G) of HFE and protection concerning the development of lipoatrophy (0.02) when compared with the reference allele (C). On the other hand, the variant allele (T) of the ESR2 gene was associated with the development of lipoatrophy (p = 0.007) when compared with the reference allele (C). In addition, the genotype and the variant allele of the gene MMP1 (2G) were associated with lipodystrophy in PLWHIV on HAART (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Therefore, further studies with other populations, involving PLWHIV on HAART are necessary to better understand the role of genetic markers, which may be involved in a predisposition to lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Lins Carvalho
- Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz (HUOC), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kleyton Palmeira do Ó
- Instituto de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil
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Feng Y, Peng Z, Liu W, Yang Z, Shang J, Cui L, Duan F. Evaluation of the epidemiological and prognosis significance of ESR2 rs3020450 polymorphism in ovarian cancer. Gene 2019; 710:316-323. [PMID: 31200086 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of estrogen receptor β gene (ESR2) rs3020450 and cancer susceptibility, and explore the epidemiological significance and the effect of ESR2 expression levels on the prognosis of ovarian cancer. METHODS Based on meta-analysis the association between ESR2 rs3020450 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility was estimated and a case-control design was used to verify this result in ovarian cancer. The epidemiological effect of ESR2 rs3020450 polymorphism was assessed by attributable risk percentage (ARP) and population attributable risk percentage (PARP). Kaplan Meier plotters were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in ovarian cancer patients and GEPIA for the differential expression of ESR2 levels in ovarian cancer and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS The pooled analysis indicated no significant correlation between the ESR2 rs3020450 polymorphism and the cancer susceptibility. In the stratified analysis by cancer types, significantly decreased risk was found in ovarian cancer (AG vs GG: OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.53-0.97, P = 0.03). Unconditional logistic regression results of case-control study in ovarian cancer observed significant differences in all comparisons (AG vs GG: OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.62-0.98, P = 0.04; AA vs GG: OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.42-0.92, P = 0.01 and AG + AA vs GG: OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.53-0.96, P < 0.001). Based on meta-analysis and case-control pooled results, ARP and PARP were evaluated respectively in allele (21.95% and7.97%), heterozygote (36.99% and 12.11%) and dominant model (36.84% and 12.97%) of rs3020450 polymorphism in ovarian cancer. The expression levels of ESR2 in normal tissues was significantly higher than that in cancer tissues (OV, Median, 4.7:0.21), and significant correlations were observed between high ESR2 expression levels and long OS (HR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.70-0.92, P = 0.002) and PFS (HR = 0.767, 95%Cl: 0.67-0.88, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ESR2 rs3020450 polymorphism was associated with ovarian cancer risk from epidemiological perspective, and high ESR2 expression levels was associated with long survival in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weigang Liu
- Medical Record Statistics Office, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- The Ohio State University College of Art and Science, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jia Shang
- Department of Infectious Disease, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Fujiao Duan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Medical Research Office, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Dai Z, Tian T, Wang M, Yang T, Li H, Lin S, Hao Q, Xu P, Deng Y, Zhou L, Li N, Diao Y. Genetic polymorphisms of estrogen receptor genes are associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese women. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:11. [PMID: 30636932 PMCID: PMC6325673 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen exposure is a widely known risk factor for BC. And the interaction of estrogen with estrogen receptor (ER) plays an important role in breast cancer development. This case-control study aims to assess the association of genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor genes with breast cancer (BC) susceptibility in Chinese Han women. Methods Four polymorphisms (rs2881766, rs9383951, rs9340799 in ESR1 and rs3020449 in ESR2) were genotyped in 459 patients and 549 healthy controls using the Sequenom MassARRAY method. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the associations. False-positive report probability (FPRP) was utilized to examine the noteworthiness of significant findings. Results We observed that rs2881766 was associated with a decreased BC risk (GG vs. TT: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.44-0.91; GG vs. TT/GT: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49-0.95), while rs3020449 was associated with an increased risk of BC (CT vs. TT: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.21-2.06; CT/CC vs. TT: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.20-1.98; TT/CC vs. CT: OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.15-1.90). The other two polymorphisms have no relation with BC susceptibility. In addition, rs2881766 was correlated with lymph node metastasis and ER expression, and rs3020449 was related to tumor size, histological grade and ER expression. The values of false-positive report probability indicated that the significant associations of BC risk with both rs2881766 and rs3020449 were noteworthy. Conclusions Our study suggests that polymorphisms rs2881766 and rs3020449 in estrogen receptor genes were associated with BC susceptibility as well as clinical features in Chinese women. These findings need further validation in a large population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Dai
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China.,2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
| | - Tian Tian
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China.,2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
| | - Meng Wang
- 2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
| | - Tielin Yang
- 3School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 China
| | - Hongtao Li
- 4Department of Breast Head and Neck Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Tumor Hospital), Urumqi, 830000 China
| | - Shuai Lin
- 2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
| | - Qian Hao
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China.,2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
| | - Peng Xu
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China.,2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China.,2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
| | - Na Li
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China.,2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
| | - Yan Diao
- 2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 China
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Bharathi C, Anupama D, Pratibha N, Venkateshwari A. Impact of Genetic Variants in Estrogen Receptor-β Gene in the Etiology of Uterine Leiomyomas. J Reprod Infertil 2019; 20:151-160. [PMID: 31423418 PMCID: PMC6670268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyomas are steroid hormone dependent myometrial neoplasms of female genital tract which appear after menarche and regress at menopause. The present study evaluated the role of ER-β gene polymorphisms (rs3020449 C/T, rs3020450 G/A, rs1271572 G/T, rs1256049 G/Aand rs4986938 G/A) in the etiology of disease. METHODS A total of 150 clinically, ultrasonographically evaluated uterine leiomyoma patients and an equal number of individuals as controls were considered for the present study. Genotype analysis was carried out by TETRA Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System-PCR for promoter polymorphisms and PCR- RFLP method was done for exonic polymorphisms followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The strength of the association of ER-β gene polymorphisms between controls and patients were measured by appropriate statistical methods. RESULTS An increased frequency of T/T genotype and T allele of rs3020449, AA genotype and A allele of rs3020450, T/T genotype and T allele of rs1271572, AA genotype and A allele of rs1256049 and A/A genotype and A allele of rs4986938 was observed in cases when compared with controls. CONCLUSION The study indicates that the ER-β gene polymorphisms may act as a major genetic regulator in the etiology of uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitroju Bharathi
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Desamala Anupama
- Department of Gynaecology, Modern Government Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nallari Pratibha
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anantapur Venkateshwari
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,Corresponding Author: Anantapur Venkateshwari, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India, E-mail:
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Ghali RM, Al-Mutawa MA, Al-Ansari AK, Zaied S, Bhiri H, Mahjoub T, Almawi WY. Differential association of ESR1 and ESR2 gene variants with the risk of breast cancer and associated features: A case-control study. Gene 2018; 651:194-199. [PMID: 29414691 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen is key to breast cancer pathogenesis, and acts by binding its receptor (ER), which exists as ERα and ERβ, encoded by ESR1 and ESR2 genes, respectively. Studies that investigated the association of ESR1 and ESR2 variants with breast cancer yielded mixed outcome, and ethnic contribution was proposed. We evaluated the association between ESR1 and ESR2 variants and breast cancer and associated features in Tunisian women. METHODS Retrospective case-control study involving 207 female breast cancer patients, and 284 control women. Genotyping was done by real-time PCR. RESULTS Minor allele frequencies (MAF) of tagging SNPs rs2234693 and rs3798577 (ESR1) were significantly higher, while MAF of rs1256049 (ESR2) was significantly lower in breast cancer patients vs. CONTROLS Patients carrying rs3798577 genotypes had higher risk, while rs1256049 genotype carriers had reduced risk of breast cancer. The association of ESR1 and ESR2 gene variants with breast cancer depended on ER and Her-2 status. ESR1 rs3798577 and ESR2 rs1256049 were associated with breast cancer in ER-positive cases, and ESR1 rs2234693, and rs3798577 were associated with breast cancer in Her-2-negative cases, while the association of ESR2 rs1256049 with breast cancer was seen in Her-2 positive cases. Haploview analysis identified 4-locus ESR1 haplotypes that were positively (CGTT, TACC, and TACT), and negatively (CGTC) associated with breast cancer. No ESR2 haplotypes associated with breast cancer were identified. CONCLUSION ESR1 alleles and genotypes, and specific 3-locus ESR1 haplotypes are related with increased breast cancer susceptibility in Tunisian women. However, ESR2 variant and specific 1-locus ESR1 haplotype have a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeb M Ghali
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Sonia Zaied
- Department of Clinical Oncology, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Bhiri
- Department of Clinical Oncology, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Faculty of Sciences, Universite' de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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12
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Maney DL. Polymorphisms in sex steroid receptors: From gene sequence to behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:47-65. [PMID: 28705582 PMCID: PMC6312198 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroid receptors have received much interest as potential mediators of human behaviors and mental disorders. Candidate gene association studies have identified about 50 genetic variants of androgen and estrogen receptors that correlate with human behavioral phenotypes. Because most of these polymorphisms lie outside coding regions, discerning their effect on receptor function is not straightforward. Thus, although discoveries of associations improve our ability to predict risk, they have not greatly advanced our understanding of underlying mechanisms. This article is intended to serve as a starting point for psychologists and other behavioral biologists to consider potential mechanisms. Here, I review associations between polymorphisms in sex steroid receptors and human behavioral phenotypes. I then consider ways in which genetic variation can affect processes such as mRNA transcription, splicing, and stability. Finally, I suggest ways that hypotheses about mechanism can be tested, for example using in vitro assays and/or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Maney
- Department of Psychology, 36 Eagle Row, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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13
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The Effects of Sex Protein Receptors and Sex Steroid Hormone Gene Polymorphisms on Breast Cancer Risk. J Natl Med Assoc 2017; 109:126-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Estrogen Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Lung Adenocarcinoma Risk in Never-Smoking Women. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 10:1413-20. [PMID: 26301798 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk is rarely studied. This study aimed to explore the ER gene polymorphisms associated with the lung adenocarcinoma risk in never-smoking women. METHODS This study evaluated 532 never-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 532 healthy controls. The ESR1 and ESR2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were retrieved from a genome-wide association study. Using a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression assay, the associations of ESR1 and ESR2 SNPs with the lung adenocarcinoma risk were estimated. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis was performed to investigate the possible functional roles of ER gene SNPs. RESULTS For ESR1, seven tagged SNPs were identified. Among them, rs7753153 and rs985192 were associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk (rs7753153: odds ratios [OR], 1.509; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.168-1.950; rs985192: OR, 1.309; 95% CI, 1.001-1.712). For ESR2, only rs3020450 was associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk (OR, 2.110; 95% CI, 1.007-4.422). Subjects without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use carrying at-risk genotypes had a significantly higher lung adenocarcinoma risk than subjects with HRT carrying no at-risk genotypes (rs7753153 GG: OR, 2.133; 95% CI, 1.415-3.216; rs985192 AA/AC, OR: 1.752, 95% CI: 1.109-2.768; rs3020450 AG/GG, OR: 7.162, 95% CI: 1.608-31.90). Risk genotypes of rs7753153 (p = 0.0248) and rs9479122 (p = 0.0251) were associated with decreased ESR1 expression. CONCLUSIONS ER gene SNPs are associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk in never-smoking women. The joint effects of ER gene SNPs and HRT use on lung adenocarcinoma risk highlight the importance of the gene-environment interaction in lung carcinogenesis.
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Karlsson S, Henningsson S, Hovey D, Zettergren A, Jonsson L, Cortes DS, Melke J, Laukka P, Fischer H, Westberg L. Social memory associated with estrogen receptor polymorphisms in women. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:877-83. [PMID: 26955855 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to recognize the identity of faces and voices is essential for social relationships. Although the heritability of social memory is high, knowledge about the contributing genes is sparse. Since sex differences and rodent studies support an influence of estrogens and androgens on social memory, polymorphisms in the estrogen and androgen receptor genes (ESR1, ESR2, AR) are candidates for this trait. Recognition of faces and vocal sounds, separately and combined, was investigated in 490 subjects, genotyped for 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ESR1, four in ESR2 and one in the AR Four of the associations survived correction for multiple testing: women carrying rare alleles of the three ESR2 SNPs, rs928554, rs1271572 and rs1256030, in linkage disequilibrium with each other, displayed superior face recognition compared with non-carriers. Furthermore, the uncommon genotype of the ESR1 SNP rs2504063 was associated with better recognition of identity through vocal sounds, also specifically in women. This study demonstrates evidence for associations in women between face recognition and variation in ESR2, and recognition of identity through vocal sounds and variation in ESR1. These results suggest that estrogen receptors may regulate social memory function in humans, in line with what has previously been established in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Henningsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hovey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and
| | - Lina Jonsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana S Cortes
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Melke
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petri Laukka
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
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Estrogen receptor-beta genetic variations and overall survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 17:36-41. [PMID: 26503819 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has been shown not only to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer but also gastric cancer (GC). Polymorphisms in estrogen receptor β gene, ESR2, correlate with colorectal cancer survival. To better understand the role of ESR2 in GC, genomic DNA extracted from 169 Japanese patients and 172 patients from Los Angeles County (LAC) was analyzed for association of overall survival (OS) with three ESR2 polymorphisms, which are of biological significance using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression. ESR2 rs1271572 (C>A) and rs3020443 (T>G) had univariate and multivariable associations with OS in the Japanese cohort, whereas the C allele of ESR2 rs2978381 (T>C) predicted favorable OS in the Japanese cohort but worse OS in the LAC cohort. The interaction term of the ESR2 rs2978381 and cohort group reached statistical significance. Our study provides evidence that genetic variations in ESR2 gene are significantly associated with survival in patients with locally advanced GC.
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Human Genes Encoding Transcription Factors and Chromatin-Modifying Proteins Have Low Levels of Promoter Polymorphism: A Study of 1000 Genomes Project Data. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:260159. [PMID: 26417590 PMCID: PMC4568383 DOI: 10.1155/2015/260159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression level of each gene is controlled by its regulatory regions, which determine the precise regulation in a tissue-specific manner, according to the developmental stage of the body and the necessity of a response to external stimuli. Nucleotide substitutions in regulatory gene regions may modify the affinity of transcription factors to their specific DNA binding sites, affecting the transcription rates of genes. In our previous research, we found that genes controlling the sensory perception of smell and genes involved in antigen processing and presentation were overrepresented significantly among genes with high SNP contents in their promoter regions. The goal of our study was to reveal functional features of human genes containing extremely small numbers of SNPs in promoter regions. Two functional groups were found to be overrepresented among genes whose promoters did not contain SNPs: (1) genes involved in gene-specific transcription and (2) genes controlling chromatin organization. We revealed that the 5′-regulatory regions of genes encoding transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins were characterized by reduced genetic variability. One important exception from this rule refers to genes encoding transcription factors with zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains (DBDs), which underwent extensive expansion in vertebrates, particularly, in primate evolution. Hence, we obtained new evidence for evolutionary forces shaping variability in 5′-regulatory regions of genes.
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Ignatieva EV, Levitsky VG, Yudin NS, Moshkin MP, Kolchanov NA. Genetic basis of olfactory cognition: extremely high level of DNA sequence polymorphism in promoter regions of the human olfactory receptor genes revealed using the 1000 Genomes Project dataset. Front Psychol 2014; 5:247. [PMID: 24715883 PMCID: PMC3970011 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of olfactory cognition is very complicated. Olfactory cognition is initiated by olfactory receptor proteins (odorant receptors), which are activated by olfactory stimuli (ligands). Olfactory receptors are the initial player in the signal transduction cascade producing a nerve impulse, which is transmitted to the brain. The sensitivity to a particular ligand depends on the expression level of multiple proteins involved in the process of olfactory cognition: olfactory receptor proteins, proteins that participate in signal transduction cascade, etc. The expression level of each gene is controlled by its regulatory regions, and especially, by the promoter [a region of DNA about 100–1000 base pairs long located upstream of the transcription start site (TSS)]. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms using human whole-genome data from the 1000 Genomes Project and revealed an extremely high level of single nucleotide polymorphisms in promoter regions of olfactory receptor genes and HLA genes. We hypothesized that the high level of polymorphisms in olfactory receptor promoters was responsible for the diversity in regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression levels of olfactory receptor proteins. Such diversity of regulatory mechanisms may cause the great variability of olfactory cognition of numerous environmental olfactory stimuli perceived by human beings (air pollutants, human body odors, odors in culinary etc.). In turn, this variability may provide a wide range of emotional and behavioral reactions related to the vast variety of olfactory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Ignatieva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Bioinformatics and Theoretical Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia ; Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Victor G Levitsky
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia ; Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Systems, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Yudin
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia ; Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Moshkin
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia ; Laboratory of Mammalian Ecological Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia ; Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia ; National Research centre "Kurchatov Institute" Moscow, Russia
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