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Zulkiflee I, Masri S, Zawani M, Salleh A, Amirrah IN, Wee MFMR, Yusop SM, Fauzi MB. Silicon-Based Scaffold for Wound Healing Skin Regeneration Applications: A Concise Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194219. [PMID: 36236170 PMCID: PMC9571903 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon has made its breakthrough in various industries, including clinical and biomedical applications. Silicon-based biomaterials that were fabricated into various types of scaffolds may attract interest due to their highly favorable properties covering their excellent biocompatibility, high surface area, mechanical strength, and selectivity depending on their application including film, hydrogel, nanoparticles, and so on. Silicon-based materials have also shown exciting results involving cell culture, cell growth, as well as tissue engineering. In this article, a simple review compromising the evaluation of silicon's unique properties has been discussed and followed by the application of the silicone-based product in future perspectives in biomedical fields. The review goals are to widen and inspire broader interest in silicone-based materials in wound healing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzat Zulkiflee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Syafira Masri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mazlan Zawani
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Atiqah Salleh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Nor Amirrah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Salma Mohamad Yusop
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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2
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Mamun AA, Zhao F. In-Plane Si Microneedles: Fabrication, Characterization, Modeling and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:657. [PMID: 35630124 PMCID: PMC9146885 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are getting more and more attention in research and commercialization since their advancement in the 1990s due to the advantages over traditional hypodermic needles such as minimum invasiveness, low material and fabrication cost, and precise needle geometry control, etc. The design and fabrication of microneedles depend on various factors such as the type of materials used, fabrication planes and techniques, needle structures, etc. In the past years, in-plane and out-of-plane microneedle technologies made by silicon (Si), polymer, metal, and other materials have been developed for numerous biomedical applications including drug delivery, sample collections, medical diagnostics, and bio-sensing. Among these microneedle technologies, in-plane Si microneedles excel by the inherent properties of Si such as mechanical strength, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and structural advantages of in-plane configuration such as a wide range of length, readiness of integration with other supporting components, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible fabrication. This article aims to provide a review of in-plane Si microneedles with a focus on fabrication techniques, theoretical and numerical analysis, experimental characterization of structural and fluidic behaviors, major applications, potential challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Zhao
- Micro/Nanoelectronics and Energy Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA;
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3
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Al Mamun A, Sueoka B, Allison N, Huang Y, Zhao F. Design and Evaluation of In-Plane Silicon Microneedles Fabricated with Post-CMOS Compatible Processes. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2022; 336:113407. [PMID: 35573145 PMCID: PMC9104144 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive study was carried out on in-plane silicon (Si) microneedles, a useful tool for transdermal drug delivery and sample collection. Microneedles with eleven designs were investigated by post-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible microfabrication processes and characterized via pricking tests by insertion in chicken breast flesh. Mechanical strength of all designs were also evaluated by theoretical calculation and finite element modeling (FEM) for bending and buckling analysis. To efficiently improve the sharpness and insertion, the wedge-shaped needle tips with thickness determined by Si wafer thickness were sharpened by a wet chemical etching process. Insertion forces recorded from pricking tests and bending and buckling from theoretical calculation and FEM analysis before and after etching were compared. The results showed that the insertion force, free bending force and the maximum buckling force were all reduced and the maximum bending stress were improved after tip sharpening. Furthermore, the buckling safety factor of all eleven designs was great than 1 and the maximum bending stress was less than the fracture strength of Si, indicating that our in-plane Si microneedles are robust enough for insertion into human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Al Mamun
- Micro/Nanoelectronics and Energy Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States
| | - Brandon Sueoka
- Micro/Nanoelectronics and Energy Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States
| | - Noah Allison
- Micro/Nanoelectronics and Energy Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States
| | | | - Feng Zhao
- Micro/Nanoelectronics and Energy Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States
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4
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Ejeian F, Haghani E, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Asadnia M, Razmjou A, Chen V. Mechanobiology of Dental Pulp Stem Cells at the Interface of Aqueous-Based Fabricated ZIF8 Thin Film. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4885-4895. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 73441-81746, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Haghani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 73441-81746, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 73441-81746, Iran
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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5
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Awad K, Ahuja N, Fiedler M, Peper S, Wang Z, Aswath P, Brotto M, Varanasi V. Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E497. [PMID: 33419056 PMCID: PMC7825403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss injuries overwhelm the endogenous regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, and the associated oxidative damage can delay regeneration and prolong recovery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon-ions on C2C12 skeletal muscle cells under normal and excessive oxidative stress conditions to gain insights into its role on myogenesis during the early stages of muscle regeneration. In vitro studies indicated that 0.1 mM Si-ions into cell culture media significantly increased cell viability, proliferation, migration, and myotube formation compared to control. Additionally, MyoG, MyoD, Neurturin, and GABA expression were significantly increased with addition of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM of Si-ion for 1 and 5 days of C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, 0.1-2.0 mM Si-ions attenuated the toxic effects of H2O2 within 24 h resulting in increased cell viability and differentiation. Addition of 1.0 mM of Si-ions significantly aid cell recovery and protected from the toxic effect of 0.4 mM H2O2 on cell migration. These results suggest that ionic silicon may have a potential effect in unfavorable situations where reactive oxygen species is predominant affecting cell viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Furthermore, this study provides a guide for designing Si-containing biomaterials with desirable Si-ion release for skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Awad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.A.); (P.A.)
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Matthew Fiedler
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Sara Peper
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.A.); (P.A.)
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (N.A.); (M.F.); (S.P.); (Z.W.)
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6
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Stopka SA, Vertes A. Toward Single Cell Molecular Imaging by Matrix-Free Nanophotonic Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2064:135-146. [PMID: 31565772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9831-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, innovations in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) have enabled simultaneous detection and mapping of biomolecules and xenobiotics directly from biological tissues and single cells. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) has been the most widely embraced MSI technique. However, this technique can exhibit ion suppression effects hindering metabolite coverage and possesses a narrow dynamic range. Nanophotonic platforms, e.g., silicon nanopost array (NAPA) structures, can be used as an alternative for matrix-free imaging of biological tissues. Here, we present a protocol for MSI of large and small adherent cell clusters by laser desorption ionization from NAPA with minimal sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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7
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Keshavarz M, Tan B, Venkatakrishnan K. Cell Selective Apoptosis Induced by Polymorphic Alteration of Self-Assembled Silica Nanowebs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6292-6305. [PMID: 28106378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of silicon-based nanomaterials makes them suitable for biophysical and biomedical applications. However, the application of silicon-based nanomaterials has been mainly restricted to nanoparticles (NPs) as a potential drug carrier and the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a platform for cell adhesion and proliferation. Here, we introduce silica NPs self-assembled into a 3D nanoweb architecture that was shown to inherit the therapeutic and proliferative attributes of both NPs and ECMs. The self-assembled silica nanoweb (SNW) has, therefore, not only shown targeted druglike behavior in HeLa cells without the use of biomarkers but has also shown ECM characteristics. The ECM characteristics of SNWs enhanced the cellular attraction and proliferation by which fibroblasts exhibited tissuelike behavior, and HeLa cells underwent an intensified induction of apoptosis. These properties are tailored by the alteration of the polymorphic heterogeneities of the SNW as a novel nanobiointerface for exceptional apoptosis induction through the enhancement of cellular attraction, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported. These attributes enable selective functionality with which cancerous HeLa and mammalian fibroblast cells were affected differently. Moreover, simultaneous control of the packing index and crystallinity of the SNWs, to which the cells had been attracted, possessed the additional advantage of modulating the selective functionality of this nanobiointerface. These polymorphic characteristics were tailored by the alteration of the crystallinity of the synthesized SNW via precision control of the ionization level of the silicon substrate, whose requisite ionization energy was generated by an ultrashort pulsed laser. Our results showed that the therapeutic functionality of the SNW-plated template can be elucidated via the endocytosis of amorphous SNWs. Because of the efficient cellular attraction and remarkable contrast in the cellular response to the SNW-plated template, we expect that these findings will provide new insights and opportunities for designing and engineering novel cell-material interfaces for advanced biomedical applications in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Keshavarz
- Micro/Nanofabrication Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University , 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Micro/Nanofabrication Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University , 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University , 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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8
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Keshavarz M, Tan B, Venkatakrishnan K. Functionalized Stress Component onto Bio-template as a Pathway of Cytocompatibility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35425. [PMID: 27759054 PMCID: PMC5069693 DOI: 10.1038/srep35425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This in-vitro study introduces residual stress as a third dimension of cell stimulus to modulate the interaction between cells and bio-template, without the addition of either chemical or physical stimuli onto the bio-template surface. Ultrashort Pulsed Laser (USPL) irradiation of silicon-based bio-template causes recrystallization of silicon, which mismatches the original crystal orientation of the virgin silicon. Consequently, subsurface Induced Residual Stress (IRS) is generated. The IRS components demonstrated a strong cytocompatibility, whereas the peripheral of IRS, which is the interface between the IRS component and the virgin silicon surface, a significant directional cell alignment was observed. Fibroblast cells shown to be more sensitive to the stress component than Hela cancer cells. It revealed that cytocompatibility in terms of cell migration and directional cell alignment is directly proportional to the level of the IRS component. Higher stress level results in more cell alignment and border migration width. There is a stress threshold below which the stress component completely loses the functionality. These results pointed to a functionalized bio-template with tunable cytocompatibility. This study may lead to a new tool for the designing and engineering of bio-template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Keshavarz
- Micro/Nanofabrication Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Micro/Nanofabrication Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Ultrashort laser nanomanufacturing research facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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9
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Qu C, Kaitainen S, Kröger H, Lappalainen R, Lammi MJ. Behavior of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Various Titanium-Based Coatings. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9100827. [PMID: 28773947 PMCID: PMC5456604 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and texture of titanium coatings can influence the growth characteristics of the adhered cells. An enhanced proliferation of the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) would be beneficial. The present study was aimed to investigate whether titanium deposited at different atmospheres would affect the cell growth properties, cellular morphology, and expression of surface markers of hMSCs. Titanium-based coatings were deposited on silicon wafers under oxygen, nitrogen, or argon atmospheres by ultra-short pulsed laser deposition using two different gas pressures followed by heating at 400 °C for 2 h. The characteristics of the coated surfaces were determined via contact angle, zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Human MSCs were cultivated on differently coated silicon wafers for 48 h. Subsequently, the cell proliferation rates were analyzed with an MTT assay. The phenotype of hMSCs was checked via immunocytochemical stainings of MSC-associated markers CD73, CD90, and CD105, and the adhesion, spreading, and morphology of hMSCs on coated materials via SEM. The cell proliferation rates of the hMSCs were similar on all coated silicon wafers. The hMSCs retained the MSC phenotype by expressing MSC-associated markers and fibroblast-like morphology with cellular projections. Furthermore, no significant differences could be found in the size of the cells when cultured on all various coated surfaces. In conclusion, despite certain differences in the contact angles and the zeta potentials of various titanium-based coatings, no single coating markedly improved the growth characteristics of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.
| | - Salla Kaitainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
| | - Reijo Lappalainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health of Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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10
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Menti C, Beltrami M, Possan AL, Martins ST, Henriques JAP, Santos AD, Missell FP, Roesch-Ely M. Biocompatibility and degradation of gold-covered magneto-elastic biosensors exposed to cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:111-117. [PMID: 26998872 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magneto-elastic materials (ME) have important advantages when applied as biosensors due to the possibility of wireless monitoring. Commercial Metglas 2826MB3™ (FeNiMoB) is widely used, however sensor stabilization is an important factor for biosensor performance. This study compared the effects of biocompatibility and degradation of the Metglas 2826MB3™ alloy, covered or not with a gold layer, when in contact with cell culture medium. Strips of amorphous Metglas 2826MB3™ were cut and coated with thin layers of Cr and Au, as verified by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), the presence of metals in the culture medium was quantitatively determined for up to seven days after alloy exposure. Biocompatibility of fibroblast Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cultures was tested and cytotoxicity parameters were investigated by indirect means of reduction of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) at 1, 2 and 7 days. Cell death was further evaluated through in situ analysis using Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) staining and images were processed with ImageJ software. Ions from Metglas(®) 2826MB3™ induced a degradation process in living organisms. The cytotoxicity assay showed a decrease in the percentage of live cells compared to control for the ME strip not coated with gold. AO/EB in situ staining revealed that most of the cells grown on top of the gold-covered sensor presented a normal morphology (85.46%). Covering ME sensors with a gold coating improved their effectiveness by generating protection of the transducer by reducing the release of ions and promoting a significant cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Menti
- Laboratório de Genômica, Proteômica e Reparo de DNA, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Beltrami
- Laboratório de Caracterização Magnética, CCET, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - A L Possan
- Laboratório de Caracterização Magnética, CCET, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - S T Martins
- Laboratório de Genômica, Proteômica e Reparo de DNA, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - J A P Henriques
- Laboratório de Genômica, Proteômica e Reparo de DNA, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - A D Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F P Missell
- Laboratório de Caracterização Magnética, CCET, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Roesch-Ely
- Laboratório de Genômica, Proteômica e Reparo de DNA, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
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11
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Bhuyan MK, Rodriguez-Devora J, Tseng TLB, Boland T. Photovoltaic surfaces enable clonal myoblastic cell release using visible light as external stimulation. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:393-8. [PMID: 26710125 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many new biomedical approaches to treating disease require the supply of cells delivered to an injured or diseased organ either individually, collectively as aggregates or sheets, or encapsulated with a scaffold. The collection of cells is accomplished by using enzymatic digestion witch suffer from the need to remove the enzymes after digestion. In addition, enzymatic methods are not applicable for all cells, cell aggregates, cell sheets or 3D structures. The objective of this study was to investigate the release of cultured cells from silicon based Photovoltaic (PV) surfaces using a light source as external stimulation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured on the negative surface of a PV device and upon confluence they were exposed to light. The amount of released cells was quantified as a function light exposure. It was found that light exposure at 25,000 lux for one hour caused equivalent cell release from the PV surface than trypsination. The released cells are viable and can be re-cultured if needed. This mechanism may offer an alternative method to release excitable cells without using an enzymatic agent. This may be important for cell therapy if larger cell structures such as sheets need to be collected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng
- Industrial, Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Boland
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
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12
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Qiu Y, Wang H, Gebhardt S, Bolhovitins A, Démoré CEM, Schönecker A, Cochran S. Screen-printed ultrasonic 2-D matrix array transducers for microparticle manipulation. ULTRASONICS 2015; 62:136-146. [PMID: 26026870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a two-dimensional thick film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ultrasonic transducer array, operating at frequency approximately 7.5MHz, to demonstrate the potential of this fabrication technique for microparticle manipulation. All layers of the array are screen-printed then sintered on an alumina substrate without any subsequent patterning processes. The thickness of the thick film PZT is 139±2μm, the element pitch of the array is 2.3mm, and the dimension of each individual PZT element is 2×2mm(2) with top electrode 1.7×1.7mm(2). The measured relative dielectric constant of the PZT is 2250±100 and the dielectric loss is 0.09±0.005 at 10kHz. Finite element analysis was used to predict the behaviour of the array and to optimise its configuration. Electrical impedance spectroscopy and laser vibrometry were used to characterise the array experimentally. The measured surface motion of a single element is on the order of tens of nanometres with a 10Vpeak continuous sinusoidal excitation. Particle manipulation experiments have been demonstrated with the array by manipulating Ø10μm polystyrene microspheres in degassed water. The simplified array fabrication process and the bulk production capability of screen-printing suggest potential for the commercialisation of multilayer planar resonant devices for ultrasonic particle manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Qiu
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| | - Han Wang
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Gebhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aleksandrs Bolhovitins
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Christine E M Démoré
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Schönecker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandy Cochran
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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