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Wrench CL, Baker JR, Monkley S, Fenwick PS, Murray L, Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ. Small airway fibroblasts from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhibit cellular senescence. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L266-L279. [PMID: 38150543 PMCID: PMC11281792 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00419.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small airway disease (SAD) is a key early-stage pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is associated with cellular senescence whereby cells undergo growth arrest and express the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) leading to chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling. Parenchymal-derived fibroblasts have been shown to display senescent properties in COPD, however small airway fibroblasts (SAFs) have not been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the role of these cells in COPD and their potential contribution to SAD. To investigate the senescent and fibrotic phenotype of SAF in COPD, SAFs were isolated from nonsmoker, smoker, and COPD lung resection tissue (n = 9-17 donors). Senescence and fibrotic marker expressions were determined using iCELLigence (proliferation), qPCR, Seahorse assay, and ELISAs. COPD SAFs were further enriched for senescent cells using FACSAria Fusion based on cell size and autofluorescence (10% largest/autofluorescent vs. 10% smallest/nonautofluorescent). The phenotype of the senescence-enriched population was investigated using RNA sequencing and pathway analysis. Markers of senescence were observed in COPD SAFs, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase, SASP release, and reduced proliferation. Because the pathways driving this phenotype were unclear, we used cell sorting to enrich senescent COPD SAFs. This population displayed increased p21CIP1 and p16INK4a expression and mitochondrial dysfunction. RNA sequencing suggested these senescent cells express genes involved in oxidative stress response, fibrosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways. These data suggest COPD SAFs are senescent and may be associated with fibrotic properties and mitochondrial dysfunction. Further understanding of cellular senescence in SAFs may lead to potential therapies to limit SAD progression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fibroblasts and senescence are thought to play key roles in the pathogenesis of small airway disease and COPD; however, the characteristics of small airway-derived fibroblasts are not well explored. In this study we isolate and enrich the senescent small airway-derived fibroblast (SAF) population from COPD lungs and explore the pathways driving this phenotype using bulk RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Wrench
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Monkley
- Translation Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter S Fenwick
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Murray
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Li W, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu R, Lu J, Lu W, Qin S. Therapeutic effect of phycocyanin on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00009-2. [PMID: 38211884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is closely tied to antioxidation and anti-inflammation. Phycocyanin (PC) has numerous pharmacological effects, such as antioxidation and anti-inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether PC can play a therapeutic role in COPD. OBJECTIVE As inflammation and oxidative stress can aggravate COPD, this study is to explore the effect of PC on COPD mice and its mechanisms. METHODS The COPD mice model was established by exposing them to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke (CS); PC was administrated in a concentration of 50 mg/kg for 30 days. On the last day, lung function was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained and classified for cells. Lung tissue pathological change was analyzed, and organ indices statistics were measured. Based on molecular docking, the mechanism was explored with Western blotting, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS PC significantly ameliorated the pulmonary function of COPD mice and reduced inflammation of the lung (p < 0.05), and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed PC depressed lung inflammatory cell accumulation and emphysema. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining revealed that PC retarded goblet cells metaplasia and collagen deposition (p < 0.05). In addition, in vivo PC regulated Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) (p < 0.05) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) level (p < 0.01) in the lung, as well as NOX2 level in pulmonary macrophages. Molecular docking results indicate that phycocyanobilin (PCB) in PC had a good binding site in Keap1 and NOX2 proteins; the phycocyanobilin-bound phycocyanin peptide (PCB-PC-peptide) was obtained for further studies. In vitro, PCB-PC-peptide could depress the phospho-NF-E2-related factor 2 (p-Nrf2) and NQO1 protein expression in RAW264.7 cells induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION PC exerts beneficial effects on COPD via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress, which may be achieved through PCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institue of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510031, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianing Lu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institue of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510031, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China.
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Booth S, Hsieh A, Mostaco-Guidolin L, Koo HK, Wu K, Aminazadeh F, Yang CX, Quail D, Wei Y, Cooper JD, Paré PD, Hogg JC, Vasilescu DM, Hackett TL. A Single-Cell Atlas of Small Airway Disease in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:472-486. [PMID: 37406359 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0534oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Emerging data demonstrate that the smallest conducting airways, terminal bronchioles, are the early site of tissue destruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are reduced by as much as 41% by the time someone is diagnosed with mild (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage 1) COPD. Objectives: To develop a single-cell atlas that describes the structural, cellular, and extracellular matrix alterations underlying terminal bronchiole loss in COPD. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 262 lung samples derived from 34 ex-smokers with normal lung function (n = 10) or GOLD stage 1 (n = 10), stage 2 (n = 8), or stage 4 (n = 6) COPD was performed to assess the morphology, extracellular matrix, single-cell atlas, and genes associated with terminal bronchiole reduction using stereology, micro-computed tomography, nonlinear optical microscopy, imaging mass spectrometry, and transcriptomics. Measurements and Main Results: The lumen area of terminal bronchioles progressively narrows with COPD severity as a result of the loss of elastin fibers within alveolar attachments, which was observed before microscopic emphysematous tissue destruction in GOLD stage 1 and 2 COPD. The single-cell atlas of terminal bronchioles in COPD demonstrated M1-like macrophages and neutrophils located within alveolar attachments and associated with the pathobiology of elastin fiber loss, whereas adaptive immune cells (naive, CD4, and CD8 T cells, and B cells) are associated with terminal bronchiole wall remodeling. Terminal bronchiole pathology was associated with the upregulation of genes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, the interferon response, and the degranulation of neutrophils. Conclusions: This comprehensive single-cell atlas highlights terminal bronchiole alveolar attachments as the initial site of tissue destruction in centrilobular emphysema and an attractive target for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Booth
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and
| | - Aileen Hsieh
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and
| | - Leila Mostaco-Guidolin
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Koo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and
| | - Keith Wu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and
| | - Fatemeh Aminazadeh
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and
| | | | - Daniela Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Yuhong Wei
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Joel D Cooper
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - James C Hogg
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dragoş M Vasilescu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and
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Fang L, Zhang M, Li J, Zhou L, Tamm M, Roth M. Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Mitochondria Damage and Mitophagy in COPD via ERK1/2 MAPK. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213987. [PMID: 36430467 PMCID: PMC9694999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible deterioration of the airway wall. Cigarette smoking is the major trigger, and in vitro studies showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced mitophagy in airway epithelial cells via oxidative stress, but this mechanism was not studied in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Primary ASMCs isolated from COPD patients or non-disease donors were investigated for CSE-induced remodeling and mitochondria structure. Proteins were assessed by Western blots for remodeling: collagen type-I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin; autophagy: beclin-1, protein62 (p62), light chain (LC)3A/B; mitochondria activity: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II & -IV (MTCO2, MTCO4), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α); lysosomes: early endosome antigen 1, lysosome activated membrane protein 1; and cell signaling: extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Lysotracker and Mitotracker were used to monitor mitochondria morphology and organelle co-localization. Compared with controls, untreated COPD ASMCs showed lower collagen type-I and α-SMA expressions, but increased fibronectin levels. CSE further downregulated collagen type-I and α-SMA expression, but upregulated fibronectin. CSE decreased PGC-1α, MTCO2, and MTCO4, but increased beclin-1, p62, and LC3. CSE upregulated mitophagy and lysosomes activity via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In vitro, cigarette smoke induced the deterioration of ASMCs, which might explain the tissue loss and structural remodeling in COPD bronchi. The results suggest that preventing exceeded mitophagy in ASMCs might present a novel therapeutic target for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ming Zhang
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Junling Li
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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HB-EGF-induced IL-8 secretion from airway epithelium leads to lung fibroblast proliferation and migration. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:347. [PMID: 34742261 PMCID: PMC8572483 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) is increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated with collagen deposition, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigated the inflammatory cytokines secreted by bronchial epithelial cells following exposure to HB-EGF that promoted proliferation and migration of human lung fibroblast. METHODS HB-EGF-induced inflammatory cytokines were assayed in two airway epithelial cells (primary human bronchial epithelial cells [HBECs] and BEAS-2B cells). Moreover, the culture supernatants derived from HB-EGF-treated HBECs and BEAS-2B cells were added to human primary lung fibroblasts. The effect of culture supernatants on proliferation and migration of fibroblasts was assessed. RESULTS IL-8 expression was significantly increased in bronchial epithelial cells treated with HB-EGF, which was at least partially dependent on NF-kB pathways activation. HB-EGF-induced IL-8 was found to further promote lung fibroblasts proliferation and migration, and the effects were attenuated after neutralizing IL-8. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that HB-EGF may be involved in the pathology of airway fibrosis by induction of IL-8 from airway epithelium, subsequently causing lung fibroblasts proliferation and migration. Thus, inhibition of HBEGF and/or IL-8 production could prevent the development of airway fibrosis by modulating fibroblast activation.
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Modeling Extracellular Matrix-Cell Interactions in Lung Repair and Chronic Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082145. [PMID: 34440917 PMCID: PMC8394761 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Eapen MS, Lu W, Hackett TL, Singhera GK, Mahmood MQ, Hardikar A, Ward C, Walters EH, Sohal SS. Increased myofibroblasts in the small airways, and relationship to remodelling and functional changes in smokers and COPD patients: potential role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00876-2020. [PMID: 34109247 PMCID: PMC8181830 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00876-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous reports have shown epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as an active process that contributes to small airway fibrotic pathology. Myofibroblasts are highly active pro-fibrotic cells that secrete excessive and altered extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we relate small airway myofibroblast presence with airway remodelling, physiology and EMT activity in smokers and COPD patients. Methods Lung resections from nonsmoker controls, normal lung function smokers and COPD current and ex-smokers were stained with anti-human α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen 1 and fibronectin. αSMA+ cells were computed in reticular basement membrane (Rbm), lamina propria and adventitia and presented per mm of Rbm and mm2 of lamina propria. Collagen-1 and fibronectin are presented as a percentage change from normal. All analyses including airway thickness were measured using Image-pro-plus 7.0. Results We found an increase in subepithelial lamina propria (especially) and adventitia thickness in all pathological groups compared to nonsmoker controls. Increases in αSMA+ myofibroblasts were observed in subepithelial Rbm, lamina propria and adventitia in both the smoker and COPD groups compared to nonsmoker controls. Furthermore, the increase in the myofibroblast population in the lamina propria was strongly associated with decrease in lung function, lamina propria thickening, increase in ECM protein deposition, and finally EMT activity in epithelial cells. Conclusions This is the first systematic characterisation of small airway myofibroblasts in COPD based on their localisation, with statistically significant correlations between them and other pan-airway structural, lung function and ECM protein changes. Finally, we suggest that EMT may be involved in such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Dept of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Dept of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Singhera
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Malik Q Mahmood
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Ashutosh Hardikar
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Dept of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.,Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - Chris Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eugene Haydn Walters
- School of Medicine, and Menzies Institute of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Dept of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
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Hedström U, Öberg L, Vaarala O, Dellgren G, Silverborn M, Bjermer L, Westergren-Thorsson G, Hallgren O, Zhou X. Impaired Differentiation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Bronchial Epithelial Cells Grown on Bronchial Scaffolds. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:201-213. [PMID: 33882260 PMCID: PMC8399573 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0395oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway inflammation, small airway remodeling, and emphysema. Airway remodeling in patients with COPD involves both the airway epithelium and the subepithelial extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it is currently unknown how epithelial remodeling in COPD airways depends on the relative influence from inherent defects in the epithelial cells and alterations in the ECM. To address this, we analyzed global gene expression in COPD human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and normal HBEC after repopulation on decellularized bronchial scaffolds derived from patients with COPD or donors without COPD. COPD HBEC grown on bronchial scaffolds showed an impaired ability to initiate ciliated-cell differentiation, which was evident on all scaffolds regardless of their origin. In addition, although normal HBEC were less affected by the disease state of the bronchial scaffolds, COPD HBEC showed a gene expression pattern indicating increased proliferation and a retained basal-cell phenotype when grown on COPD bronchial scaffolds compared with normal bronchial scaffolds. By using mass spectrometry, we identified 13 matrisome proteins as being differentially abundant between COPD bronchial scaffolds and normal bronchial scaffolds. These observations are consistent with COPD pathology and suggest that both epithelial cells and the ECM contribute to epithelial-cell remodeling in COPD airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hedström
- Department of Bioscience COPD/IPF, and.,Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, and
| | - Lisa Öberg
- Department of Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Dellgren
- Transplant Institute and.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Silverborn
- Transplant Institute and.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
| | | | - Oskar Hallgren
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, and.,Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
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Liu G, Philp AM, Corte T, Travis MA, Schilter H, Hansbro NG, Burns CJ, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Therapeutic targets in lung tissue remodelling and fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107839. [PMID: 33774068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes involving tissue remodelling and fibrosis are major features of many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is a key factor in the development of tissue remodelling that results in symptoms and impaired lung function in these diseases. Tissue remodelling in the lungs is complex and differs between compartments. Some pathways are common but tissue remodelling around the airways and in the parenchyma have different morphologies. Hence it is critical to evaluate both common fibrotic pathways and those that are specific to different compartments; thereby expanding the understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrosis and remodelling in the airways and parenchyma in asthma, COPD and IPF with a view to developing therapeutic strategies for each. Here we review the current understanding of remodelling features and underlying mechanisms in these major respiratory diseases. The differences and similarities of remodelling are used to highlight potential common therapeutic targets and strategies. One central pathway in remodelling processes involves transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation that increases ECM production. The current treatments and clinical trials targeting remodelling are described, as well as potential future directions. These endeavours are indicative of the renewed effort and optimism for drug discovery targeting tissue remodelling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamera Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Travis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Schilter
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris J Burns
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mathew S Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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NOX4-Derived ROS Promotes Collagen I Deposition in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells by Activating Noncanonical p38MAPK/Akt-Mediated TGF- β Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6668971. [PMID: 33824697 PMCID: PMC8007363 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling is a hallmark in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in ASM remodeling. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning its pathogenic roles remain elusive. Methods The expression of NOX4 and TGF-β1 in the airway of the lung was measured in COPD patients and the control group. Cigarette smoke- (CS-) induced emphysema mice were generated, and the alteration of α-SMA, NOX4, TGF-β1, and collagen I was accessed. The changes of the expression of ECM markers, NOX4, components of TGF-β/Smad, and MAPK/Akt signaling in human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs) were ascertained for delineating mechanisms of NOX4-mediated ROS production on cell differentiation and remodeling in human ASM cells. Results An increased abundance of NOX4 and TGF-β1 proteins in the epithelial cells and ASM of lung was observed in COPD patients compared with the control group. Additionally, an increased abundance expression of NOX4 and α-SMA was observed in the lungs of the CS-induced emphysema mouse model. TGF-β1 displayed abilities to increase the oxidative burden and collagen I production, along with enhanced phosphorylation of ERK, p38MAPK, and p-Akt473 in HBSMCs. These effects of TGF-β1 could be inhibited by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), siRNA-mediated knockdown of Smad3 and NOX4, and pharmacological inhibitors SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) and LY294002 (Akt inhibitor). Conclusions NOX4-mediated ROS production alters TGF-β1-induced cell differentiation and collagen I protein synthesis in HBSMCs in part through the p38MAPK/Akt signaling pathway in a Smad-dependent manner.
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Lehtonen S, Nurmos NI, Karvonen HM, Lappi-Blanco E, Harju T, Sköld M, Kaarteenaho R. Smoking effect on the ultrastructural properties of cultured lung myofibroblasts. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 45:37-48. [PMID: 33377815 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1858214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at an ultrastructural characterization of myofibroblasts cultured from different compartments of lung from never-smokers and smokers with or without COPD. In addition, we evaluated the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker for myofibroblasts, and contractile properties. Stromal cells cultured from central and corresponding peripheral or only from peripheral lung of never-smokers, smokers without COPD and COPD patients were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), Western analysis and/or by collagen gel contraction assay. TEM revealed that myofibroblasts cultured from smokers and COPD had less prominent intracellular actin filaments. We also examined fibronexus (FNX), which is a typical ultrastructural feature of myofibroblasts, and observed that patients with COPD more frequently had tandem-like FNX as compared to other samples. Western analysis showed that the samples derived from the central lung of never-smokers expressed higher levels of α-SMA than those of smokers and COPD patients. Cells from central lung were less contractile than those from peripheral lung. We conclude that myofibroblasts have variable ultrastructural and functional properties based on their localization in the lung and, moreover, these properties are affected by both smoking history and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Lehtonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ninni-Ingrid Nurmos
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henna M Karvonen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terttu Harju
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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12
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Özerkan D, Özsoy N, Cebesoy S, Özer Ç. Distribution of spleen connective tissue fibers in diabetic and vitamin C treated diabetic rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:347-353. [PMID: 32696689 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1795718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the distribution of connective tissue fibers in diabetic and vitamin C treated diabetic rat spleen. Rats were divided into three groups: group A, control; group B, diabetic; group C, vitamin C treated diabetic. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Vitamin C was administered intragastrically for 21 days. Spleen tissues were examined by light microscopy after staining with Masson's trichrome, Gomori silver impregnation and van Gieson. In group B, we found accumulation of collagen fibers in the trabeculae, in the capsule and around the central artery and splenic sinusoids. Splenic cord thickening due to fibrosis was observed. Reticular fibers accumulated principally in the white and red pulps of the spleen and focal reticular fiber thickening was observed in the dense fiber areas. Partial elastic fiber rupture was observed among the fibers of the elastic lamina of the arteries in the hilum. By contrast, the distribution of collagen fibers in group C was similar to group A. Collagen fiber accumulation was decreased in group C compared to group B. We found little reticular fiber thickening in group C and elastic fibers maintained their integrity and were better organized than in group B. Our findings suggest that appropriate doses of vitamin C may exert beneficial effects on the structure of the connective tissue fibers in the diabetic spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilşad Özerkan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Özsoy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Cebesoy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Özer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) drives EMT in patients with COPD: implications for disease pathogenesis and novel therapies. J Transl Med 2019; 99:150-157. [PMID: 30451982 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and devastating chronic lung condition that has a significant global burden, both medically and financially. Currently there are no medications that can alter the course of disease. At best, the drugs in clinical practice provide symptomatic relief to suffering patients by alleviating acute exacerbations. Most of current clinical research activities are in late severe disease with lesser attention given to early disease manifestations. There is as yet, a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease progression and the molecular switches that are involved in their manifestation. Small airway fibrosis and obliteration are known to cause fixed airflow obstruction in COPD, and the consequential damage to the lung has an early onset. So far, there is little evidence of the mechanisms that underlie this aspect of pathology. However, emerging research confirms that airway epithelial reprogramming or epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key mechanism that drives fibrotic remodelling changes in smokers and patients with COPD. A recent study by Lai et al. further highlights the importance of EMT in smoking-related COPD pathology. The authors identify HB-EGF, an EGFR ligand, as a key driver of EMT and a potential new therapeutic target for the amelioration of EMT and airway remodelling. There are also wider implications in lung cancer prophylaxis, which is another major comorbidity associated with COPD. We consider that improved molecular understanding of the intricate pathways associated with epithelial cell plasticity in smokers and patients with COPD will have major therapeutic implications.
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Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor contributes to COPD disease severity by modulating airway fibrosis and pulmonary epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1159-1169. [PMID: 29581578 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although airway fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contribute to airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the mechanisms underlying their development have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to assess heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) expression in the airways of patients with COPD and to elucidate the possible role of HB-EGF in the pathology of COPD. Sputum and lung tissue HB-EGF expression was evaluated in control subjects and patients with COPD. The relationships between HB-EGF expression, disease severity, collagen deposition (fibrosis), and EMT were investigated. In vitro, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and lung fibroblast cells exposed to the recombinant HB-EGF, collagen deposition and EMT were assessed. We found that sputum HB-EGF expression was significantly increased in patients with COPD compared with non-smokers and smokers without COPD. There was a significant positive correlation between sputum HB-EGF and COPD assessment test (CAT) score. HB-EGF expression was significantly increased in the lung tissue samples of patients with COPD and associated with collagen deposition and N- and E-cadherin, and vimentin expression. In vitro, HB-EGF promoted collagen production in lung fibroblasts. Moreover, HB-EGF induced the EMT process through induction of N-and E-cadherin, and vimentin expression in HBE cells. Collectively, HB-EGF induces airway remodeling by modulating airway fibrosis and pulmonary EMT, and contributes to the COPD severity. The current data may provide insight into the underlying pathogenesis of COPD, in which HB-EGF has an important pathogenic role.
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Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 inhibition attenuates human airway smooth muscle growth and migration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1615-1627. [PMID: 30006481 PMCID: PMC6218165 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is correlated with disease severity and negatively impact lung function in these patients. Thus, there is clear unmet clinical need for finding new therapies which can target airway remodeling and disease progression in COPD. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a ubiquitously expressed mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) activated by various stress stimuli, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is known to regulate cell proliferation. ASM cells from COPD patients are hyper-proliferative to mitogens in vitro. However, the role of ASK1 in ASM growth is not established. Here, we aim to determine the effects of ASK1 inhibition on ASM growth and pro-mitogenic signaling using ASM cells from COPD patients. We found greater expression of ASK1 in ASM-bundles of COPD lung when compared with non-COPD. Pre-treatment of ASM cells with highly selective ASK1 inhibitor, TCASK10 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in mitogen (FBS, PDGF and EGF; 72 hours)-induced ASM growth as measured by CyQuant assay. Further, molecular targeting of ASK1 using siRNA in ASM cells prevented mitogen-induced cell growth. In addition, to anti-mitogenic potential, ASK1 inhibitor also prevented TGFβ1-induced migration of ASM cells in vitro. Immunoblotting revealed that anti-mitogenic effects are mediated by JNK and p38MAP kinase-signaling pathways as evident by reduced phosphorylation of downstream effectors JNK1/2 and p38MAP kinases respectively with no effect on ERK1/2. Collectively, these findings establish the anti-mitogenic effect of ASK1 inhibition and identify a novel pathway that can be targeted to reduce or prevent excessive ASM mass in COPD.
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HDAC2 Suppresses IL17A-Mediated Airway Remodeling in Human and Experimental Modeling of COPD. Chest 2018; 153:863-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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17
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Zhou Y, Horowitz JC, Naba A, Ambalavanan N, Atabai K, Balestrini J, Bitterman PB, Corley RA, Ding BS, Engler AJ, Hansen KC, Hagood JS, Kheradmand F, Lin QS, Neptune E, Niklason L, Ortiz LA, Parks WC, Tschumperlin DJ, White ES, Chapman HA, Thannickal VJ. Extracellular matrix in lung development, homeostasis and disease. Matrix Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524630 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung's unique extracellular matrix (ECM), while providing structural support for cells, is critical in the regulation of developmental organogenesis, homeostasis and injury-repair responses. The ECM, via biochemical or biomechanical cues, regulates diverse cell functions, fate and phenotype. The composition and function of lung ECM become markedly deranged in pathological tissue remodeling. ECM-based therapeutics and bioengineering approaches represent promising novel strategies for regeneration/repair of the lung and treatment of chronic lung diseases. In this review, we assess the current state of lung ECM biology, including fundamental advances in ECM composition, dynamics, topography, and biomechanics; the role of the ECM in normal and aberrant lung development, adult lung diseases and autoimmunity; and ECM in the regulation of the stem cell niche. We identify opportunities to advance the field of lung ECM biology and provide a set recommendations for research priorities to advance knowledge that would inform novel approaches to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | | | - Kamran Atabai
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | | | | | - Richard A Corley
- Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, United States.
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Weill Cornell Medical College, United States.
| | - Adam J Engler
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, United States.
| | - James S Hagood
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States.
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Qing S Lin
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, United States.
| | - Enid Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Laura Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, United States.
| | - Luis A Ortiz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, United States.
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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Hedström U, Hallgren O, Öberg L, DeMicco A, Vaarala O, Westergren-Thorsson G, Zhou X. Bronchial extracellular matrix from COPD patients induces altered gene expression in repopulated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3502. [PMID: 29472603 PMCID: PMC5823945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious global health problem characterized by chronic airway inflammation, progressive airflow limitation and destruction of lung parenchyma. Remodeling of the bronchial airways in COPD includes changes in both the bronchial epithelium and the subepithelial extracellular matrix (ECM). To explore the impact of an aberrant ECM on epithelial cell phenotype in COPD we developed a new ex vivo model, in which normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells repopulate and differentiate on decellularized human bronchial scaffolds derived from COPD patients and healthy individuals. By using transcriptomics, we show that bronchial ECM from COPD patients induces differential gene expression in primary NHBE cells when compared to normal bronchial ECM. The gene expression profile indicated altered activity of upstream mediators associated with COPD pathophysiology, including hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor beta 1 and platelet-derived growth factor B, which suggests that COPD-related changes in the bronchial ECM contribute to the defective regenerative ability in the airways of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hedström
- Bioscience Regeneration Department, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Öberg
- Bioscience Immunity Department, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amy DeMicco
- Bioscience Regeneration Department, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Bioscience Immunity Department, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Bioscience Regeneration Department, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Integrating Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Profiling with System Pharmacology for the Delineation of Long-Term Therapeutic Mechanisms of Bufei Jianpi Formula in Treating COPD. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7091087. [PMID: 28424787 PMCID: PMC5382313 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In previous work, we identified 145 active compounds from Bufei Jianpi formula (BJF) by system pharmacology and found that BJF showed short-term effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats. Here, we applied the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics approaches to illustrate the long-term anti-COPD action and its system mechanism of BJF. BJF has obvious anti-COPD effect through decreasing inflammatory cytokines level, preventing protease-antiprotease imbalance and collagen deposition on week 32 by continuous oral administration to rats from weeks 9 to 20. Subsequently, applying the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics techniques, we detected a number of regulated genes, proteins, and metabolites, mainly related to antioxidant activity, focal adhesion, or lipid metabolism, in lung tissues of COPD and BJF-treated rats. Afterwards, we integrated system pharmacology target, transcript, protein, and metabolite data sets and found that many genes, proteins, and metabolites in rats BJF-treated group and the target proteins of BJF were mainly attributed to lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and focal adhesion. Taken together, BJF displays long-term anti-COPD effect probably by system regulation of the lipid metabolism, inflammatory response pathways oxidative stress, and focal adhesion.
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20
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Glińska-Suchocka K, Orłowska A, Jankowski M, Kubiak K, Spużak J. Serum concentrations of PIIINP aminopeptide in dogs with liver fibrosis. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 19:365-9. [PMID: 27487511 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum concentration of the type III procollagen aminopeptide in dogs, and to assess its utility in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. The study was carried out on 20 dogs of different breeds and of both genders, between 7 and 15 years old. Based on the results of the histopathological examination and the evaluation of the degree of liver fibrosis, the dogs were divided into five groups. The mean serum PIIINP concentration in the group of dogs with stage 1 and 2 liver fibrosis (groups 2 and 3) was five-fold higher than in healthy dogs (group 1). In turn, the mean PIIINP concentration in the group of dogs with stage 3 (group 4) and stage 4 (group 5) fibrosis was 10-fold higher than that of the control group (group 1). Based on the results, we found that the serum PIIINP concentration correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis, assessed based on a histopathological examination. Therefore, PIIINP serum concentration tests may be a promising non-invasive diagnostic technique that could be used in veterinary hepatology to assess the degree of liver fibrosis.
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21
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Faarvang ASA, Rørdam Preil SA, Nielsen PS, Beck HC, Kristensen LP, Rasmussen LM. Smoking is associated with lower amounts of arterial type I collagen and decorin. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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YKL-40 expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relation to acute exacerbations and airway remodeling. Respir Res 2016; 17:31. [PMID: 27013031 PMCID: PMC4806429 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that YKL-40, also called chitinase-3-like-1 protein, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. It is currently unknown, however, whether YKL-40 plays a role in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and airway remodeling. METHODS We evaluated serum YKL-40 levels in patients with AECOPD (n = 37) and stable COPD (n = 44), as well as in controls (n = 47). The association between YKL-40 expression and airway remodeling was analyzed. The effects of YKL-40 on collagen synthesis of primary human lung fibroblasts were also evaluated. RESULTS Serum YKL-40 levels were elevated at AECOPD onset as compared to stable disease (median [interquartile range], 78.6 [52.3-122.2] ng/ml versus 46.7 [31.2-75.5] ng/ml; p = 0.0005). The ideal cutoff point for distinguishing patients with AECOPD from those with stable COPD was 64.7 ng/ml (AUC: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.596 to 0.823). YKL-40 expression correlated with airflow obstruction, C-reactive protein, and collagen deposition. Stimulation with YKL-40 promoted collagen production in lung fibroblasts through ERK- and p38-dependent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS YKL-40 expression is up-regulated in patients with COPD and correlates with exacerbation attacks and may contribute to airway remodeling by acting on lung fibroblasts. The current data may provide insight into the underlying pathogenesis of COPD, in which YKL-40 has an important pathogenic role. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-OCC-13003567.
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Bidan CM, Veldsink AC, Meurs H, Gosens R. Airway and Extracellular Matrix Mechanics in COPD. Front Physiol 2015; 6:346. [PMID: 26696894 PMCID: PMC4667091 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common lung diseases worldwide, and is characterized by airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible with treatment. Even though airflow obstruction is caused by airway smooth muscle contraction, the extent of airway narrowing depends on a range of other structural and functional determinants that impact on active and passive tissue mechanics. Cells and extracellular matrix in the airway and parenchymal compartments respond both passively and actively to the mechanical stimulation induced by smooth muscle contraction. In this review, we summarize the factors that regulate airway narrowing and provide insight into the relative contributions of different constituents of the extracellular matrix and their biomechanical impact on airway obstruction. We then review the changes in extracellular matrix composition in the airway and parenchymal compartments at different stages of COPD, and finally discuss how these changes impact airway narrowing and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Finally, we position these data in the context of therapeutic research focused on defective tissue repair. As a conclusion, we propose that future works should primarily target mild or early COPD, prior to the widespread structural changes in the alveolar compartment that are more characteristic of severe COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile M Bidan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands ; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen Netherlands ; Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIPhy Grenoble, France
| | - Annemiek C Veldsink
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands ; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen Netherlands
| | - Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands ; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands ; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen Netherlands
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Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:177-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Lambers C, Qi Y, Eleni P, Costa L, Zhong J, Tamm M, Block LH, Roth M. Extracellular matrix composition is modified by β₂-agonists through cAMP in COPD. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:400-8. [PMID: 25107701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long acting β₂-agonists (LABA) have been reported to modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition in the airway wall. Based on our earlier studies we here investigated the mechanism underlying the control of ECM modification by LABA in primary human airway smooth muscle cells. Cells were treated with formoterol or salmeterol (30 min) before TGF-β₁ stimulation (2-3 days) Using RT-PCT, immuno-blotting and ELISA the de novo synthesis and deposition of collagen type-I, -III, -IV and fibronectin were determined. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 were analyzed by zymography. Both LABA activated cAMP and its corresponding transcription factor CREB within 60 min and thus partly reduced TGF-β₁-induced gene transcription of collagen type-I, -III, fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The inhibitory effect of both LABA on collagen type-I and -III deposition involved a cAMP dependent mechanism, while the inhibitory effect of the two drugs on TGF-β1-induced fibronectin deposition and on CTGF secretion was independent of cAMP. Interestingly, none of the two LABA reduced CTGF-induced synthesis of collagen type-I or type-III deposition. In addition, none of the two LABA modified collagen type-IV deposition or the expression and activity of MMP-2 or MMP-9. Our results show that LABA can prevent de novo deposition of specific ECM components through cAMP dependent and independent signaling. However, they do not reduce all ECM components by the same mechanism and they do not reduce existing collagen deposits. This might explain some of the controversial reports on the anti-remodeling effect of LABA in chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ying Qi
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Papakonstantinou Eleni
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, GR-54621 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Luigi Costa
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhong
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lutz-Henning Block
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Similar matrix alterations in alveolar and small airway walls of COPD patients. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:90. [PMID: 24886452 PMCID: PMC4055380 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remodelling in COPD has at least two dimensions: small airway wall thickening and destruction of alveolar walls. Recent studies indicate that there is some similarity between alveolar and small airway wall matrix remodelling. The aim of this study was to characterise and assess similarities in alveolar and small airway wall matrix remodelling, and TGF-β signalling in COPD patients of different GOLD stages. Methods Lung tissue sections of 14 smoking controls, 16 GOLD II and 19 GOLD IV patients were included and stained for elastin and collagens as well as hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan matrix component and pSMAD2. Results Elastin was significantly decreased in COPD patients not only in alveolar, but also in small airway walls. Interestingly, both collagen and hyaluronan were increased in alveolar as well as small airway walls. The matrix changes were highly comparable between GOLD stages, with collagen content in the alveolar wall increasing further in GOLD IV. A calculated remodelling index, defined as elastin divided over collagen and hyaluronan, was decreased significantly in GOLD II and further lowered in GOLD IV patients, suggesting that matrix component alterations are involved in progressive airflow limitation. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation present between the alveolar and small airway wall stainings of the matrix components, as well as for pSMAD2. No differences in pSMAD2 staining between controls and COPD patients were found. Conclusions In conclusion, remodelling in the alveolar and small airway wall in COPD is markedly similar and already present in moderate COPD. Notably, alveolar collagen and a remodelling index relate to lung function.
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Karvonen HM, Lehtonen ST, Harju T, Sormunen RT, Lappi-Blanco E, Mäkinen JM, Laitakari K, Johnson S, Kaarteenaho RL. Myofibroblast expression in airways and alveoli is affected by smoking and COPD. Respir Res 2013; 14:84. [PMID: 23937155 PMCID: PMC3751100 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by structural changes in alveoli and airways. Our aim was to analyse the numbers of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells, as a marker of myofibroblasts, in different lung compartments in non-smokers and smokers with normal lung function or COPD. Methods α-SMA, tenascin-C (Tn-C) and EDA-fibronectin in alveolar level and airways were assayed by immunohistochemistry and quantified by image analysis. Immunohistochemical findings were correlated with clinical data. α-SMA protein was also analysed by Western blotting from fibroblastic cells cultured from peripheral lung of non-smokers, smokers without COPD and smokers with COPD. Results In many cases, the endings of the detached alveolar walls were widened, the structures of which were named as widened alveolar tips. Widened alveolar tips contained α-SMA positive cells, which were obviously myofibroblasts. There were less alveolar tips containing positive cells for α-SMA in alveoli and α-SMA positive cells in bronchioles in smokers and in COPD compared to non-smokers. The quantity of α-SMA positive cells was increased in bronchi in COPD. Tn-C was elevated in bronchi in COPD and smokers’ lung. The α-SMA protein level was 1.43-fold higher in stromal cells cultured from non-smokers than in those of smokers. Conclusions Myofibroblasts are localized variably in normal and diseased lung. This indicates that they have roles in both regeneration of lung and pathogenesis of COPD. The widened alveolar tips, these newly characterized histological structures, seemed to be the source of myofibroblasts at the alveolar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna M Karvonen
- Department of Internal Medicine / Respiratory Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Procollagen type III amino terminal propeptide concentrations in dogs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared with chronic bronchitis and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. Vet J 2013; 196:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Löfdahl M, Kaarteenaho R, Lappi-Blanco E, Tornling G, Sköld MC. Tenascin-C and alpha-smooth muscle actin positive cells are increased in the large airways in patients with COPD. Respir Res 2011; 12:48. [PMID: 21496259 PMCID: PMC3083344 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammation and remodeling of the lungs. This results in alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) and structural changes leading to airflow obstruction. We studied the expression of tenascin-C (Tn-C) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which act as a marker of myofibroblasts, in large airways from COPD patients. Our aim was to elucidate whether this expression correlated with smoking or with disease development. METHODS Bronchoscopy was performed on 20 COPD patients (mean age 56 years; range 39-61; FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEV1 median 53% (range 33-69) of predicted). Age and smoking matched smokers (S) without COPD (n = 13) and age matched non-smokers (NS) (n = 14) served as controls. Bronchial mucosal biopsies were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of Tn-C expression was assessed and graded in three levels, and the number of spindle shaped cells staining positive for α-SMA were counted. RESULTS Biopsies from COPD patients had more (P < 0.001) Tn-C expression than the two control groups. A significantly (P < 0.05) increased number of spindle shaped cells expressing α-SMA was observed in COPD patients compared with the controls. Smokers and nonsmokers did not differ in this respect. The expression of Tn-C correlated positively (P < 0.001) to the number of α-SMA positive cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate increased expression of Tn-C and α-SMA positive cells in the large airways in COPD. This was not associated to smoking per se, but to the presence of airway obstruction. Our findings add new information regarding remodeling characteristics and highlight the large airways as a potential site for airways obstruction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Löfdahl
- Dept Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Inst of Clinical Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine/Respiratory Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Research, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Institute of Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Göran Tornling
- Dept Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Magnus C Sköld
- Dept Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna. Stockholm Sweden
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