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Huang AS, Tong BCK, Hung HCH, Wu AJ, Ho OKY, Kong AHY, Leung MMK, Bai J, Fu X, Yu Z, Li M, Leung TF, Mak JCW, Leung GPH, Cheung KH. Targeting calcium signaling by inositol trisphosphate receptors: A novel mechanism for the anti-asthmatic effects of Houttuynia cordata. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114935. [PMID: 37245337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hypersensitivity and remodeling. The current treatments provide only short-term benefits and may have undesirable side effects; thus, alternative or supplementary therapy is needed. Because intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays an essential role in regulating the contractility and remodeling of airway smooth muscle cells, the targeting of Ca2+ signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for asthma. Houttuynia cordata is a traditional Chinese herb that is used to treat asthma due to its anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that H. cordata might modulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling and could help relieve asthmatic airway remodeling. We found that the mRNA and protein levels of inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) were elevated in interleukin-stimulated primary human bronchial smooth muscle cells and a house dust mite-sensitized model of asthma. The upregulation of IP3R expression enhanced intracellular Ca2+ release upon stimulation and contributed to airway remodeling in asthma. Intriguingly, pretreatment with H. cordata essential oil rectified the disruption of Ca2+ signaling, mitigated asthma development, and prevented airway narrowing. Furthermore, our analysis suggested that houttuynin/2-undecanone could be the bioactive component in H. cordata essential oil because we found similar IP3R suppression in response to the commercially available derivative sodium houttuyfonate. An in silico analysis showed that houttuynin, which downregulates IP3R expression, binds to the IP3 binding domain of IP3R and may mediate a direct inhibitory effect. In summary, our findings suggest that H. cordata is a potential alternative treatment choice that may reduce asthma severity by targeting the dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Shiying Huang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Harry Chun-Hin Hung
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Aston Jiaxi Wu
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Olivia Ka-Yi Ho
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Anna Hau-Yee Kong
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Maggie Ming-Ki Leung
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jingxuan Bai
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Min Li
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ting Fan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Judith Choi-Wo Mak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Yang R, Weisshaar M, Mele F, Benhsaien I, Dorgham K, Han J, Croft CA, Notarbartolo S, Rosain J, Bastard P, Puel A, Fleckenstein B, Glimcher LH, Di Santo JP, Ma CS, Gorochov G, Bousfiha A, Abel L, Tangye SG, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Sallusto F. High Th2 cytokine levels and upper airway inflammation in human inherited T-bet deficiency. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202726. [PMID: 34160550 PMCID: PMC8225679 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have described a child suffering from Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) due to autosomal recessive, complete T-bet deficiency, which impairs IFN-γ production by innate and innate-like adaptive, but not mycobacterial-reactive purely adaptive, lymphocytes. Here, we explore the persistent upper airway inflammation (UAI) and blood eosinophilia of this patient. Unlike wild-type (WT) T-bet, the mutant form of T-bet from this patient did not inhibit the production of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, when overexpressed in T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Moreover, Herpesvirus saimiri-immortalized T cells from the patient produced abnormally large amounts of Th2 cytokines, and the patient had markedly high plasma IL-5 and IL-13 concentrations. Finally, the patient's CD4+ αβ T cells produced most of the Th2 cytokines in response to chronic stimulation, regardless of their antigen specificities, a phenotype reversed by the expression of WT T-bet. T-bet deficiency thus underlies the excessive production of Th2 cytokines, particularly IL-5 and IL-13, by CD4+ αβ T cells, causing blood eosinophilia and UAI. The MSMD of this patient results from defective IFN-γ production by innate and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes, whereas the UAI and eosinophilia result from excessive Th2 cytokine production by adaptive CD4+ αβ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Marc Weisshaar
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Mele
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ibtihal Benhsaien
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jing Han
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Carys A. Croft
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1223, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laurie H. Glimcher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Cindy S. Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stuart G. Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Khan MA. Dynamics of airway response in lung microsections: a tool for studying airway-extra cellular matrix interactions. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:43. [PMID: 27176036 PMCID: PMC4865010 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological configuration of extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in how mechanical interactions of the airway with its parenchymal attachments affect the dynamics of airway responses in different pulmonary disorders including asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It is now recognized that mechanical interactions between airway tissue and ECM play a key regulatory role on airway physiology and kinetics that can lead to the reorganization and remodeling of airway connective tissue. A connective tissue is composed of airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) and the ECM, which includes variety of glycoproteins and therefore the extent of interactions between ECM and ASM affects airway dynamics during exacerbations of major pulmonary disorders. Measurement of the velocity and magnitude of airway closure or opening provide important insights into the functions of the airway contractile apparatus and the interactions with its surrounding connective tissues. This review highlights suitability of lung microsection technique in studying measurements of airway dynamics (narrowing/opening) and associated structural distortions in airway compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabiana.
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Sanderson MJ. Exploring lung physiology in health and disease with lung slices. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2011; 24:452-65. [PMID: 21600999 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic approaches to treat lung disease requires an understanding of both the normal and disease physiology of the lung. Although traditional experimental approaches only address either organ or cellular physiology, the use of lung slice preparations provides a unique approach to investigate integrated physiology that links the cellular and organ responses. Living lung slices are robust and can be prepared from a variety of species, including humans, and they retain many aspects of the cellular and structural organization of the lung. Functional portions of intrapulmonary airways, arterioles and veins are present within the alveoli parenchyma. The dynamics of macroscopic changes of contraction and relaxation associated with the airways and vessels are readily observed with conventional low-magnification microscopy. The microscopic changes associated with cellular events, that determine the macroscopic responses, can be observed with confocal or two-photon microscopy. To investigate disease processes, lung slices can either be prepared from animal models of disease or animals exposed to disease invoking conditions. Alternatively, the lung slices themselves can be experimentally manipulated. Because of the ability to observe changes in cell physiology and how these responses manifest themselves at the level of the organ, lung slices have become a standard tool for the investigation of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sanderson
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Edelmann M, Tufman A, Huber RM, Bergner A. Organ-cocultures (COCs) for long term in vitro studies of lung cancer using 2-photon microscopy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2011; 10:275-9. [PMID: 21517134 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional organ cultures allow performing research in vitro in a complex multi-cellular environment. We aimed at developing a long term coculture system (COC) for the study of lung cancer to repeatedly measure tumor volume. Organ cultures of bronchial mucosa with 1-2 mm diameter were embedded in agarose and bisected with a tissue slicer so that the organ culture within was cut into halves uncovering the connective tissue of the stroma of each half. A cell suspension of GFP-transfected EPLC 32M1 lung tumor cells was brought in contact with the connective tissue of the wounded surface. Adherent tumor cells grew invasively into the organ culture. Using 2-Photon microscopy, Z-stacks were recorded, reconstructed with appropriate analysis software, and the tumor volume was calcvulated. Tumor cells were identified by GFP-fluorescence. Repeated measurements of the same COC could be performed over up to 8 weeks. The tumor volume increased continually with the growth rate becoming slower towards the end of culture. A comparison of two clones of tumor cells which had shown different rates of proliferation in monolayer culture demonstrated that the clone with the higher rate of proliferation in monoculture produced tumors with more rapid growth in the COC model. In this study we present a coculture system for the study of lung cancer using 2-Photon microscopy. COCs are particularly appropriate for long term in vitro treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Edelmann
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Singer CA. T-bet is induced by interferon-γ to mediate chemokine secretion and migration in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L633-41. [PMID: 21239533 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00163.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An inappropriate balance between T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokine production underlies inflammatory changes that result in airway disease. Expression of the T-box transcription factor T-bet regulates differentiation of Th cells and production of Th1 cytokines, particularly IFNγ. T-bet-deficient mice develop airway hyperreactivity, undergo airway remodeling, and exhibit defects in IFNγ production while overproducing Th2 cytokines. T-bet is also reduced in the airways of asthmatic patients, suggesting loss of T-bet expression or activity promotes development of inflammatory airway disease. We present novel data demonstrating T-bet expression is induced in human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) by IFNγ. This IFNγ-stimulated expression of T-bet is dependent on signaling through JAK2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and activates T-bet-dependent DNA binding activity. Expression of T-bet stimulates IFNγ-stimulated IFNγ expression, secretion, and promoter activity, while inhibiting IFNγ-stimulated release of chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/CCL2, regulated on activation normal T-expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5, and eotaxin/CCL11. This is accompanied by changes in expression of the chemokine receptors CCR3 and IL12Rβ2 and TNFα. T-bet expression also reduces chemotactic migration of ASMC in response to serum and PDGF, which contributes to airway hyperplasia. These results are the first to identify T-bet expression and activity in a structural cell of the lung and may provide new insights into therapeutic targets for inflammatory airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie A Singer
- Univ. of Nevada School of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology CMM MS-0573, Reno, NV 89557-0046, USA.
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Jiang H, Abel PW, Toews ML, Deng C, Casale TB, Xie Y, Tu Y. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma regulates airway smooth muscle contraction by modulating calcium oscillations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:703-9. [PMID: 20501633 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.168518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, but its mechanism has been considered indirect, through release of inflammatory cell mediators. Because airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractile hyper-responsiveness plays a critical role in asthma, the aim of the present study was to determine whether PI3Kgamma can directly regulate contractility of ASM. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated expression of PI3Kgamma protein in ASM cells of mouse trachea and lung, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis in isolated mouse tracheal ASM cells. PI3Kgamma inhibitor II inhibited acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated airway contraction of cultured precision-cut mouse lung slices in a dose-dependent manner with 75% inhibition at 10 muM. In contrast, inhibitors of PI3Kalpha, PI3Kbeta, or PI3Kdelta, at concentrations 40-fold higher than their reported IC(50) values for their primary targets, had no effect. It is noteworthy that airways in lung slices pretreated with PI3Kgamma inhibitor II still exhibited an ACh-induced initial contraction, but the sustained contraction was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the PI3Kgamma-selective inhibitor had a small inhibitory effect on the ACh-stimulated initial Ca(2+) transient in ASM cells of mouse lung slices or isolated mouse ASM cells but significantly attenuated the sustained Ca(2+) oscillations that are critical for sustained airway contraction. This report is the first to show that PI3Kgamma directly controls contractility of airways through regulation of Ca(2+) oscillations in ASM cells. Thus, in addition to effects on airway inflammation, PI3Kgamma inhibitors may also exert direct effects on the airway contraction that contribute to pathologic airway hyper-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
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Bergner A, Kellner J, Tufman A, Huber RM. Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-homeostasis is altered in Small and non-small Cell Lung Cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:25. [PMID: 19236728 PMCID: PMC2653468 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Knowledge of differences in the cellular physiology of malignant and non-malignant cells is a prerequisite for the development of cancer treatments that effectively kill cancer without damaging normal cells. Calcium is a ubiquitous signal molecule that is involved in the control of proliferation and apoptosis. We aimed to investigate if the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-homeostasis is different in lung cancer and normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Methods The intracellular Ca2+-signaling was investigated using fluorescence microscopy and the expression of Ca2+-regulating proteins was assessed using Western Blot analysis. Results In a Small Cell Lung Cancer (H1339) and an Adeno Carcinoma Lung Cancer (HCC) cell line but not in a Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (EPLC) and a Large Cell Lung Cancer (LCLC) cell line the ER Ca2+-content was reduced compared to NHBE. The reduced Ca2+-content correlated with a reduced expression of SERCA 2 pumping calcium into the ER, an increased expression of IP3R releasing calcium from the ER, and a reduced expression of calreticulin buffering calcium within the ER. Lowering the ER Ca2+-content with CPA led to increased proliferation NHBE and lung cancer cells. Conclusion The significant differences in Ca2+-homeostasis between lung cancer and NHBE cells could represent a new target for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Bergner
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Kellner J, Tantzscher J, Oelmez H, Edelmann M, Fischer R, Huber RM, Bergner A. Mechanisms altering airway smooth muscle cell Ca+ homeostasis in two asthma models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 76:205-15. [PMID: 18506104 DOI: 10.1159/000135606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by airway remodeling, altered mucus production and airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) contraction causing extensive airway narrowing. In particular, alterations of ASMC contractility seem to be of crucial importance. The elevation of the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration is a key event leading to ASMC contraction and changes in the agonist-induced Ca(2+) increase in ASMC have been reported in asthma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms underlying these changes. METHODS Murine tracheal smooth muscle cells (MTSMC) from T-bet KO mice and human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMC) incubated with IL-13 and IL-4 served as asthma models. Acetylcholine-induced changes in the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration were recorded using fluorescence microscopy and the expression of Ca(2+) homeostasis regulating proteins was investigated with Western blot analysis. RESULTS Acetylcholine-induced Ca(2+) transients were elevated in both asthma models. This correlated with an increased Ca(2+) content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In MTSMC from T-bet KO mice, the expression of the SR Ca(2+) buffers calreticulin and calsequestrin was higher compared to wild-type mice. In HBSMC incubated with IL-13 or IL-4, the expression of ryanodine receptors, inositol-3-phosphate receptors and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPases 2 was increased compared to HBSMC without incubation with interleukins. The enlarged acetylcholine-induced Ca(2+) transients could be reversed by blocking inositol-3-phosphate receptors. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in the murine asthma model the SR Ca(2+) buffer capacity is increased, while in the human asthma model the expression of SR Ca(2+) channels is altered. The investigation of the Ca(2+) homeostasis of ASMC has the potential to provide new therapeutical options in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kellner
- Pneumology, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Dunn KW, Sutton TA. Functional studies in living animals using multiphoton microscopy. ILAR J 2008; 49:66-77. [PMID: 18172334 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.49.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo microscopy is a powerful method for studying fundamental issues of physiology and pathophysiology. The recent development of multiphoton fluorescence microscopy has extended the reach of in vivo microscopy, supporting high-resolution imaging deep into the tissues and organs of living animals. As compared with other in vivo imaging techniques, multiphoton microscopy is uniquely capable of providing a window into cellular and subcellular processes in the context of the intact, functioning animal. In addition, the ability to collect multiple colors of fluorescence from the same sample makes in vivo microscopy uniquely capable of characterizing up to three parameters from the same volume, supporting powerful correlative analyses. Since its invention in 1990, multiphoton microscopy has been increasingly applied to numerous areas of medical investigation, providing invaluable insights into cell physiology and pathology. However, researchers have only begun to realize the true potential of this powerful technology as it has proliferated beyond the laboratories of a relatively few pioneers. In this article we present an overview of the advantages and limitations of multiphoton microscopy as applied to in vivo imaging. We also review specific examples of the application of in vivo multiphoton microscopy to studies of physiology and pathology in a variety of organs including the brain, skin, skeletal muscle, tumors, immune cells, and visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth William Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5116, USA.
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Guedes AGP, Jude JA, Paulin J, Kita H, Lund FE, Kannan MS. Role of CD38 in TNF-alpha-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 294:L290-9. [PMID: 18055841 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00367.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is involved in normal airway function, IL-13-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and is also regulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. This study aimed to determine whether TNF-alpha-induced CD38 upregulation in ASM cells contributes to AHR, a hallmark of asthma. We hypothesized that AHR would be attenuated in TNF-alpha-exposed CD38-deficient (CD38KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Mice (n = 6-8/group) were intranasally challenged with vehicle control or TNF-alpha (50 ng) once and every other day during 1 or 4 wk. Lung inflammation and AHR, measured by changes in lung resistance after inhaled methacholine, were assessed 24 h following the last challenge. Tracheal rings were incubated with TNF-alpha (50 ng/ml) to assess contractile changes in the ASM. While a single TNF-alpha challenge caused no airway inflammation, both multiple-challenge protocols induced equally significant inflammation in CD38KO and WT mice. A single intranasal TNF-alpha challenge induced AHR in the WT but not in the CD38KO mice, whereas both mice developed AHR after 1 wk of challenges. The AHR was suppressed by extending the challenges for 4 wk in both mice, although to a larger magnitude in the WT than in the CD38KO mice. TNF-alpha increased ASM contractile properties in tracheal rings from WT but not from CD38KO mice. In conclusion, CD38 contributes to TNF-alpha-induced AHR after a brief airway exposure to the cytokine, likely by mediating changes in ASM contractile responses, and is associated with greater AHR remission following chronic airway exposure to TNF-alpha. The mechanisms involved in this remission remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Kellner J, Gamarra F, Welsch U, Jörres RA, Huber RM, Bergner A. IL-13Ralpha2 reverses the effects of IL-13 and IL-4 on bronchial reactivity and acetylcholine-induced Ca+ signaling. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 142:199-210. [PMID: 17106207 DOI: 10.1159/000097022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukins IL-4 and IL-13 play a key role in the pathophysiology of asthma. The interleukin receptor IL-13Ralpha2 is believed to act as a decoy receptor, but until now, the functional significance of IL-13Ralpha2 remains vague. METHODS Bronchial reactivity was quantified in murine lung slices by digital video microscopy and acetylcholine (ACH)-induced Ca(2+) signaling was measured in human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS IL-4 or IL-13 up to 50 ng/ml induced bronchial hyperreactivity. But after incubation with 100 ng/ml this effect was lost and bronchial responsiveness was again comparable to the control level. The effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on bronchial reactivity were paralleled by the effects on ASMC proliferation. Fifty nanograms per milliliter of IL-4 and IL-13 increased the Ca(2+) response of human ASMC to ACH. At 100 ng/ml, however, the effects of the cytokines on the Ca(2+) response were no longer evident. The expression of IL-13Ralpha2 increased with increasing concentrations of IL-4 or IL-13, reaching its maximum at 100 ng/ml. Blocking IL-13Ralpha2, the loss of the effect of IL-4 and IL-13 at 100 ng/ml on human ASMC proliferation and the ACH-induced Ca(2+) response were no longer present. CONCLUSIONS IL-4 and IL-13 induce bronchial hyperreactivity by changing the Ca(2+) homeostasis of ASMC. These effects are counteracted by IL-13Ralpha2. The biological significance of IL-13Ralpha2 might be a protective function by regulating IL-13- and IL-4-mediated signal transduction and thereby limiting pathological alterations in Th2-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kellner
- Pneumology, Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
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Guedes AGP, Paulin J, Rivero-Nava L, Kita H, Lund FE, Kannan MS. CD38-deficient mice have reduced airway hyperresponsiveness following IL-13 challenge. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 291:L1286-93. [PMID: 16891391 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00187.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein CD38 in airway smooth muscle is the source of cyclic-ADP ribose, an intracellular calcium-releasing molecule, and is subject to regulatory effects of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13, a cytokine implicated in asthma. We investigated the role of CD38 in airway hyperresponsiveness using a mouse model of IL-13-induced airway disease. Wild-type (WT) and CD38-deficient (CD38KO) mice were intranasally challenged with 5 microg of IL-13 three times on alternate days under isoflurane anesthesia. Lung resistance (R(L)) in response to inhaled methacholine was measured 24 h after the last challenge in pentobarbital-anesthetized, tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated mice. Bronchoalveolar cytokines, bronchoalveolar and parenchymal inflammation, and smooth muscle contractility and relaxation using tracheal segments were also evaluated. Changes in methacholine-induced R(L) were significantly greater in the WT than in the CD38KO mice following intranasal IL-13 challenges. Airway reactivity after IL-13 exposure, as measured by the slope of the methacholine dose-response curve, was significantly higher in the WT than in the CD38KO mice. The rate of isometric force generation in tracheal segments (e.g., smooth muscle reactivity) was greater in the WT than in the CD38KO mice following incubation with IL-13. IL-13 treatment reduced isoproterenol-induced relaxations to similar magnitudes in tracheal segments obtained from WT and CD38KO mice. Both WT and CD38KO mice developed significant bronchoalveolar and parenchymal inflammation after IL-13 challenges compared with naïve controls. The results indicate that CD38 contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness in lungs exposed to IL-13 at least partly by increasing airway smooth muscle reactivity to contractile agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinicial Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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