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Inubushi T, Nag P, Sasaki JI, Shiraishi Y, Yamashiro T. The significant role of glycosaminoglycans in tooth development. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae024. [PMID: 38438145 PMCID: PMC11031142 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the roles of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), integral components of proteoglycans, in tooth development. Proteoglycans consist of a core protein linked to GAG chains, comprised of repeating disaccharide units. GAGs are classified into several types, such as hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. Functioning as critical macromolecular components within the dental basement membrane, these GAGs facilitate cell adhesion and aggregation, and play key roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby significantly influencing tooth morphogenesis. Notably, our recent research has identified the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme Transmembrane protein 2 (Tmem2) and we have conducted functional analyses using mouse models. These studies have unveiled the essential role of Tmem2-mediated hyaluronan degradation and its involvement in hyaluronan-mediated cell adhesion during tooth formation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of GAG functions in tooth development, integrating insights from recent research, and discusses future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Priyanka Nag
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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The Modified Shields Classification and 12 Families with Defined DSPP Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050858. [PMID: 35627243 PMCID: PMC9141616 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) are known to cause, in order of increasing severity, dentin dysplasia type-II (DD-II), dentinogenesis imperfecta type-II (DGI-II), and dentinogenesis imperfecta type-III (DGI-III). DSPP mutations fall into two groups: a 5′-group that affects protein targeting and a 3′-group that shifts translation into the −1 reading frame. Using whole-exome sequence (WES) analyses and Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing, we identified disease-causing DSPP mutations in 12 families. Three of the mutations are novel: c.53T>C/p.(Val18Ala); c.3461delG/p.(Ser1154Metfs*160); and c.3700delA/p.(Ser1234Alafs*80). We propose genetic analysis start with WES analysis of proband DNA to identify mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2 causing dominant forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, 5′-DSPP mutations, and 3′-DSPP frameshifts near the margins of the DSPP repeat region, and SMRT sequencing when the disease-causing mutation is not identified. After reviewing the literature and incorporating new information showing distinct differences in the cell pathology observed between knockin mice with 5′-Dspp or 3′-Dspp mutations, we propose a modified Shields Classification based upon the causative mutation rather than phenotypic severity such that patients identified with 5′-DSPP defects be diagnosed as DGI-III, while those with 3′-DSPP defects be diagnosed as DGI-II.
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Liang T, Xu Q, Zhang H, Wang S, Diekwisch TGH, Qin C, Lu Y. Enamel Defects Associated With Dentin Sialophosphoprotein Mutation in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:724098. [PMID: 34630144 PMCID: PMC8497714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is highly expressed in odontoblasts, but only transiently expressed in presecretory ameloblasts during tooth development. We previously generated a knockin mouse model expressing a mouse equivalent (DSPP, p.P19L) of human mutant DSPP (p.P17L; referred to as “DsppP19L/+”), and reported that DsppP19L/+ and DsppP19L/P19L mice manifested a dentin phenotype resembling human dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI). In this study, we analyzed pathogenic effects of mutant P19L-DSPP on enamel development in DsppP19L/+ and DsppP19L/P19L mice. Micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) analyses of 7-week-old mouse mandibular incisors showed that DsppP19L/P19L mice had significantly decreased enamel volume and/or enamel density at different stages of amelogenesis examined. Acid-etched scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of mouse incisors demonstrated that, at the mid-late maturation stage of amelogenesis, the enamel of wild-type mice already had apparent decussating pattern of enamel rods, whereas only minute particulates were found in DsppP19L/+ mice, and no discernible structures in DsppP19L/P19L mouse enamel. However, by the time that incisor enamel was about to erupt into oral cavity, distinct decussating enamel rods were evident in DsppP19L/+ mice, but only poorly-defined enamel rods were revealed in DsppP19L/P19L mice. Moreover, μCT analyses of the mandibular first molars showed that DsppP19L/+ and DsppP19L/P19L mice had a significant reduction in enamel volume and enamel density at the ages of 2, 3, and 24weeks after birth. Backscattered and acid-etched SEM analyses revealed that while 3-week-old DsppP19L/+ mice had similar pattern of enamel rods in the mandibular first molars as age-matched wild-type mice, no distinct enamel rods were observed in DsppP19L/P19L mice. Yet neither DsppP19L/+ nor DsppP19L/P19L mice showed well-defined enamel rods in the mandibular first molars by the age of 24weeks, as judged by backscattered and acid-etched SEM. In situ hybridization showed that DSPP mRNA level was markedly reduced in the presecretory ameloblasts, but immunohistochemistry revealed that DSP/DSPP immunostaining signals were much stronger within the presecretory ameloblasts in Dspp mutant mice than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that mutant P19L-DSPP protein caused developmental enamel defects in mice, which may be associated with intracellular retention of mutant DSPP in the presecretory ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Suzhen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- Department of Periodontics and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
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Ye J, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Shi H, Xiang D, Wu C, Song L, Ma N, Liu Q, Zhang W. Primary observation of the role of posttranslational modification of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) on postnatal development of mandibular condyle in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105086. [PMID: 33639479 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to observe the posttranslational role of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) on postnatal development of mandibular condyle in mice. METHODS To explore the function of full-length DSPP, four groups of mice were employed: (1) wild type (WT) mice; (2)Dspp knockout (Dspp KO) mice; (3) mice expressing the normal DSPP transgene in the Dspp KO background (Dspp KO/normal Tg); (4) mice expressing the uncleavable full-length DSPP in the Dspp KO background (Dspp KO/D452A Tg). Firstly, Plain X-ray Radiography and Micro-computed Tomography were used to observe the condylar morphology changes of Dspp KO/D452A Tg mice in comparison with the other three groups. Then, Hematoxylin & eosin and toluidine blue staining were applied to uncover the histological changes of mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) of Dspp KO/D452A Tg mice. To explore the function of the NH2-terminal fragments (i.e. DSP/DSP-PG), three groups of mice were employed: (1) WT mice; (2) Dspp KO mice; (3) mice expressing the NH2-terminal fragments of DSPP in the Dspp-null background (Dspp KO/DSP Tg). The former strategies were utilized to examine the differences of condylar morphology and histological structures changes within three groups of mice. RESULTS Transgenic full-length DSPP partially maintained mandibular condylar morphology and MCC thickness of Dspp KO mice. Transgenic DSP failed to do so, but led to smaller mandibular condyle and disordered cartilage structure. CONCLUSIONS Our observations provide insight into the role of posttranslational modification of DSPP in the postnatal development of healthy MCC and maintenance of condylar morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danwei Xiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyue Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qilin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Physicochemical properties of dentinogenesis imperfecta with a known DSPP mutation. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104815. [PMID: 32585446 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the chemical and mechanical properties of teeth affected by a 1-bp deletion (c.2688delT) in the DSPP gene. METHODS AND MATERIALS Maxillary first premolars were extracted from the affected individual at age 9 years due to the orthodontic reason for crowding. A sample was imbedded in epoxy resin and sectioned buccolingually, after micro-computerized tomography (μCT) images were taken. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) and Vickers microhardness testing were also performed. RESULTS μCT reconstruction and analysis showed an irregularly obliterated pulp chamber and an extremely small pulpal volume in the DGI-II sample. The mineral density and microhardness scores were smaller in the dentin of the DGI-II sample compared to the wild-type. Mg content was lower in the dentin of the DGI-II sample compared to the wild-type. CONCLUSION This study shows that dentin affected by a 1-bp deletion in DSPP has a reduced mineral density, diminished microhardness and reduced Mg content.
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Lee JW, Hong J, Seymen F, Kim YJ, Kang J, Koruyucu M, Tuloglu N, Bayrak S, Song JS, Shin TJ, Hyun HK, Kim YJ, Lee JC, Park JC, Hu J, Simmer J, Kim JW. Novel frameshift mutations in DSPP cause dentin dysplasia type II. Oral Dis 2019; 25:2044-2046. [PMID: 31454439 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Youn Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jenny Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Tuloglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sule Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ji-Soo Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Teo Jeon Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Keun Hyun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Li J, Yang H, Lu Q, Chen D, Zhou M, Kuang Y, Ying S, Song J. Proteomics and N‐glycoproteomics analysis of an extracellular matrix‐based scaffold‐human treated dentin matrix. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1164-1177. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Department of Dental ResearchThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Duanjing Chen
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yunchun Kuang
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Siqi Ying
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
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Yamakoshi Y, Simmer JP. Structural features, processing mechanism and gene splice variants of dentin sialophosphoprotein. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2018; 54:183-196. [PMID: 30302137 PMCID: PMC6175968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) plays an important role in the formation of dentin. Understanding its structure and function would provide important insights into the regulation of dentin mineralization. For the past 15 years, we have been studying DSPP-derived proteins isolated from pig dentin. Porcine DSPP is synthesized and secreted by odontoblasts and processed into three proteins, i.e., dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP), and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), by bone morphogenetic protein 1 and matrix metalloproteinase-20 and -2. DSP is a proteoglycan that forms covalent dimers, DGP is a phosphorylated glycoprotein, and DPP is a highly phosphorylated intrinsically disordered protein with genetic polymorphisms. Furthermore, DPP is not detected in dental pulp. This is possibly due to the existence of two mRNA variants of the DSPP gene: one that encodes the DSP region alone and another that encodes full-length DSPP. The mRNA variant encoding DSP alone is expressed in dental pulp and odontoblasts, but the variant encoding full-length DSPP is predominantly expressed in odontoblasts and barely in dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, 48103, USA
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Sekimizu T, Shimoda S, Hosoya N. Age-related Changes in Root Dentin - Measurement of Hypercalcified Root Dentin Using Monochromatic Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Micro-CT -. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sekimizu
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Noriyasu Hosoya
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
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Yamamoto R, Yamakoshi Y. Dentin sialophosphoprotein-derived proteins in porcine pulp and dentin - Gene expression and function. J Oral Biosci 2016; 58:120-127. [PMID: 32512680 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in dentin and is critical for the proper mineralization of tooth dentin. DSPP is processed by proteases into three major domains: dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). Two mRNA variants are expressed from the Dspp gene. The larger transcript encodes full-length DSPP (DSP+DGP+DPP). The shorter transcript encodes only DSP. HIGHLIGHT We fractionated DSPP-derived proteins from the dental pulp of developing porcine incisors using heparin chromatography. DSP was identified, but little DPP could be detected in any fraction. Expression of full-length Dspp mRNA, determined by qPCR analysis, was significantly higher in odontoblasts than in pulp. Expression of DSP-only mRNA was almost equal in odontoblasts and in the body of pulp. Expression of full-length Dspp mRNA was also significantly higher than expression of DSP-only mRNA in odontoblasts. Both the full-length and DSP-only Dspp mRNA showed only trace expression in the pulp tip. We purified TGF-β1-unbound or -bound to DPP and DSP using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and measured its alkaline phosphatase stimulating activity in human periodontal cells with or without TGF-β receptor inhibitor. We also incubated carrier-free human recombinant TGF-β1 (CF-hTGF-β1) protein with TGF-β1-unbound DPP or DSP and characterized binding ability. CONCLUSION DSP-only is expressed throughout odontoblast differentiation, while full-length DSPP is predominantly expressed by odontoblasts only after they have differentiated from mesenchymal cells. DPP and DSP rescued the loss of TGF-β1 activity. Type I collagen was infrequently bound to CF-hTGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
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Yang J, Kawasaki K, Lee M, Reid BM, Nunez SM, Choi M, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Kasimoglu Y, Estrella-Yuson N, Lin BPJ, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. The dentin phosphoprotein repeat region and inherited defects of dentin. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:28-38. [PMID: 26788535 PMCID: PMC4707025 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic dentin defects classified as type II dentin dysplasia and types II and III dentinogenesis imperfecta are caused by mutations in DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein). Most reported disease‐causing DSPP mutations occur within the repetitive DPP (dentin phosphoprotein) coding sequence. We characterized the DPP sequences of five probands with inherited dentin defects using single molecule real‐time (SMRT) DNA sequencing. Eight of the 10 sequences matched previously reported DPP length haplotypes and two were novel. Alignment with known DPP sequences showed 32 indels arranged in 36 different patterns. Sixteen of the 32 indels were not represented in more than one haplotype. The 25 haplotypes with confirmed indels were aligned to generate a tree that describes how the length variations might have evolved. Some indels were independently generated in multiple lines. A previously reported disease‐causing DSPP mutation in Family 1 was confirmed and its position clarified (c.3135delC; p.Ser1045Argfs*269). A novel frameshift mutation (c.3504_3508dup; p.Asp1170Alafs*146) caused the dentin defects in Family 2. A COL1A2 (c.2027G>A or p.Gly676Asp) missense mutation, discovered by whole‐exome sequencing, caused the dentin defects in Family 3. We conclude that SMRT sequencing characterizes the DPP repeat region without cloning and can improve our understanding of normal and pathological length variations in DSPP alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower PlaceAnn ArborMichigan; Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool and Hospital of StomatologyPeking University22 South AvenueZhongguancun Haidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Kazuhiko Kawasaki
- Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu Seoul 110-768 Korea
| | - Bryan M Reid
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Stephanie M Nunez
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu Seoul 110-768 Korea
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Department of Pedodontics Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ninna Estrella-Yuson
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry Women's and Children's Hospital 72 King William Road North Adelaide South Australia 5006 Australia
| | - Brent P J Lin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry University of California San Francisco California
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor Michigan
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Accelerated enamel mineralization in Dspp mutant mice. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:246-259. [PMID: 26780724 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is one of the major non-collagenous proteins present in dentin, cementum and alveolar bone; it is also transiently expressed by ameloblasts. In humans many mutations have been found in DSPP and are associated with two autosomal-dominant genetic diseases - dentinogenesis imperfecta II (DGI-II) and dentin dysplasia (DD). Both disorders result in the development of hypomineralized and mechanically compromised teeth. The erupted mature molars of Dspp(-/-) mice have a severe hypomineralized dentin phenotype. Since dentin and enamel formations are interdependent, we decided to investigate the process of enamel onset mineralization in young Dspp(-/-) animals. We focused our analysis on the constantly erupting mouse incisor, to capture all of the stages of odontogenesis in one tooth, and the unerupted first molars. Using high-resolution microCT, we revealed that the onset of enamel matrix deposition occurs closer to the cervical loop and both secretion and maturation of enamel are accelerated in Dspp(-/-) incisors compared to the Dspp(+/-) control. Importantly, these differences did not translate into major phenotypic differences in mature enamel in terms of the structural organization, mineral density or hardness. The only observable difference was the reduction in thickness of the outer enamel layer, while the total enamel thickness remained unchanged. We also observed a compromised dentin-enamel junction, leading to delamination between the dentin and enamel layers. The odontoblast processes were widened and lacked branching near the DEJ. Finally, for the first time we demonstrate expression of Dspp mRNA in secretory ameloblasts. In summary, our data show that DSPP is important for normal mineralization of both dentin and enamel.
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Yamamoto R, Oida S, Yamakoshi Y. Dentin Sialophosphoprotein-derived Proteins in the Dental Pulp. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1120-7. [PMID: 25951824 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515585715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), the most abundant noncollagenous protein in dentin, is critical for proper mineralization of tooth dentin. DSPP is processed by proteases into 3 major domains: dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP), and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). There are at least 2 mRNA variants expressed from the Dspp gene: one encodes the full-length DSPP protein (DSP+DGP+DPP); the other encodes only DSP. The shorter transcript is generated through the use of a polyadenylation signal within intron 4, immediately following the DSP coding region (DGP and DPP are encoded by exon 5). We fractionated DSPP-derived proteins from the dental pulp of developing porcine incisors using heparin chromatography. DSP was identified, but little DPP could be detected in any fractions. BMP-1 digestion of DSPP-derived proteins extracted from dental pulp did not generate new DPP bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (indicating an absence of intact DSPP), although the results suggested another BMP-1 cleavage site within DSP. We further purified DSPP-derived protein by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Its amino acid composition was similar to DSP. Expression of the full-length Dspp mRNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was significantly higher in odontoblasts than in pulp, while expression of the DSP-only mRNA was almost equal in odontoblasts and in the body of the pulp. Expression of the full-length Dspp mRNA was also significantly higher than the expression of DSP-only mRNA in odontoblasts. Both the full-length and the DSP-only Dspp mRNA showed only trace expression in the pulp tip. We conclude that use of the 3' polyadenylation signal in exon 5 predominates in fully differentiated odontoblasts, while both polyadenylation signals are used throughout odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - S Oida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Yamakoshi Y, Kinoshita S, Izuhara L, Karakida T, Fukae M, Oida S. DPP and DSP are Necessary for Maintaining TGF-β1 Activity in Dentin. J Dent Res 2014; 93:671-7. [PMID: 24799420 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514534690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in dentin. It is processed by proteases into 3 independent proteins: dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP), and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). We fractionated DPP and DSP along with TGF-β activity by ion exchange (IE) chromatography from developing pig molars and measured their alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-stimulating activity in human periodontal (HPDL) cells with or without TGF-β receptor inhibitor. We then purified TGF-β-unbound or -bound DPP and DSP by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using the ALP-HPDL system. The TGF-β isoform bound to DPP and DSP was identified as being TGF-β1 by both ELISA and LC-MS/MS analysis. We incubated carrier-free human recombinant TGF-β1 (CF-hTGF-β1) with TGF-β-unbound DPP or DSP and characterized the binding on IE-HPLC using the ALP-HPDL system. When only CF-hTGF-β1 was incubated, approximately 3.6% of the ALP-stimulating activity remained. DPP and DSP rescued the loss of TGF-β1 activity. Approximately 19% and 10% of the ALP stimulating activities were retained by the binding of TGF-β to DPP and DSP, respectively. The type I collagen infrequently bound to CF-hTGF-β1. We conclude that both DPP and DSP help retain TGF-β1 activity in porcine dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - S Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - L Izuhara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - T Karakida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - M Fukae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - S Oida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
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Shen SC, Chang WC, Chang CL. An extract from wax apple (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill and Perry) effects glycogenesis and glycolysis pathways in tumor necrosis factor-α-treated FL83B mouse hepatocytes. Nutrients 2013; 5:455-67. [PMID: 23389304 PMCID: PMC3635205 DOI: 10.3390/nu5020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FL83B mouse hepatocytes were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to induce insulin resistance to investigate the effect of a wax apple aqueous extract (WAE) in insulin-resistant mouse hepatocytes. The uptake of 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2 NBDG), a fluorescent D-glucose derivative, was performed, and the metabolism of carbohydrates was evaluated by examining the expression of glycogenesis or glycolysis-related proteins in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. The results show that WAE significantly improves the uptake of glucose and enhances glycogen content in insulin-resistant FL83B mouse hepatocytes. The results from Western blot analysis also reveal that WAE increases the expression of glycogen synthase (GS), hexokinase (HXK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and aldolase in TNF-α treated cells, indicating that WAE may ameliorate glucose metabolism by promoting glycogen synthesis and the glycolysis pathways in insulin-resistant FL83B mouse hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chuan Shen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Road, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-2-7734-1437; Fax: +886-2-2363-09635
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, P.O. Box 23-14, Taipei 10672, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chiao-Li Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, P.O. Box 23-14, Taipei 10672, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.)
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Wang SK, Chan HC, Rajderkar S, Milkovich RN, Uston KA, Kim JW, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. Enamel malformations associated with a defined dentin sialophosphoprotein mutation in two families. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119 Suppl 1:158-67. [PMID: 22243242 PMCID: PMC3266624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mutations cause dentin dysplasia type II (DD-II) and dentinogenesis imperfecta types II and III (DGI-II and DGI-III, respectively). We identified two kindreds with DGI-II who exhibited vertical bands of hypoplastic enamel. Both families had a previously reported DSPP mutation that segregated with the disease phenotype. Oral photographs and dental radiographs of four affected and one unaffected participant in one family and of the proband in the second family were used to document the dental phenotypes. We aligned the 33 unique allelic DSPP sequences showing variable patterns of insertions and deletions (indels), generated a merged dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) sequence that includes sequences from all DSPP length haplotypes, and mapped the known DSPP mutations in this context. Analyses of the DSPP sequence changes and their probable effects on protein expression, as well as published findings of the dental phenotype in Dspp null mice, support the hypothesis that all DSPP mutations cause pathology through dominant-negative effects. Noting that Dspp is transiently expressed by mouse pre-ameloblasts during formation of the dentino-enamel junction, we hypothesize that DSPP dominant-negative effects potentially cause cellular pathology in pre-ameloblasts that, in turn, causes enamel defects. We conclude that enamel defects can be part of the dental phenotype caused by DSPP mutations, although DSPP is not critical for dental enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
- Oral Health Sciences program, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Hui-Chen Chan
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
| | - Sudha Rajderkar
- Oral Health Sciences program, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Rachel N. Milkovich
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
| | - Karen A. Uston
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
| | - Jan C-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
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