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Tang W, Kang J, Yang L, Lin J, Song J, Zhou D, Ye F. Thermosensitive nanocomposite components for combined photothermal-photodynamic therapy in liver cancer treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113317. [PMID: 37105064 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapies, in the form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), have great application prospects in the field of biomedical science due to high precision and non-invasiveness. Because of the limited therapeutic efficacy of single phototherapy, researchers start to focus on combined PTT-PDT. Here, we designed a composite nanomaterial for PTT-PDT. H-TiO2 mesoporous spheres were prepared by sol-gel method and hydrogenation treatment. After modification with polydopamine (PDA), they were combined with indocyanine green (ICG) and NPe6 photosensitizers and coated by thermosensitive liposomes to prepare H-TiO2 @PDA@ICG@NPe6 @Lipo nanocomposite component. The results indicated a substantial improvement of the component in the aspects of spectral response range, photothermal conversion efficiency and light absorption performance by modification and photosensitizers, in the absence of any toxicities on cells. Thermal induction and sequential irradiation with 808 nm and 664 nm lasers induced the aggregation of H-TiO2 @PDA@ICG@NPe6 @Lipo at the tumor site to generate hyperthermia and massive reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in decreased cell activity or even cell apoptosis and restrained growth of allograft tumors. These findings underscore the favorable effects of H-TiO2 @PDA@ICG@NPe6 @Lipo on the combined phototherapies and provide approaches for the development of nano-drugs in the context of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, The School of Clinical Medicine of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jiapeng Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, The School of Clinical Medicine of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, The School of Clinical Medicine of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jialin Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, The School of Clinical Medicine of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Song
- Xiamen University Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Institute of Cosmetology and Dermatology, Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, The School of Clinical Medicine of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Castiglione F, Deb D, Srivastava AP, Liò P, Liso A. From Infection to Immunity: Understanding the Response to SARS-CoV2 Through In-Silico Modeling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646972. [PMID: 34557181 PMCID: PMC8453017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune system conditions of the patient is a key factor in COVID-19 infection survival. A growing number of studies have focused on immunological determinants to develop better biomarkers for therapies. Aim Studies of the insurgence of immunity is at the core of both SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development and therapies. This paper attempts to describe the insurgence (and the span) of immunity in COVID-19 at the population level by developing an in-silico model. We simulate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and analyze the impact of infecting viral load, affinity to the ACE2 receptor, and age in an artificially infected population on the course of the disease. Methods We use a stochastic agent-based immune simulation platform to construct a virtual cohort of infected individuals with age-dependent varying degrees of immune competence. We use a parameter set to reproduce known inter-patient variability and general epidemiological statistics. Results By assuming the viremia at day 30 of the infection to be the proxy for lethality, we reproduce in-silico several clinical observations and identify critical factors in the statistical evolution of the infection. In particular, we evidence the importance of the humoral response over the cytotoxic response and find that the antibody titers measured after day 25 from the infection are a prognostic factor for determining the clinical outcome of the infection. Our modeling framework uses COVID-19 infection to demonstrate the actionable effectiveness of modeling the immune response at individual and population levels. The model developed can explain and interpret observed patterns of infection and makes verifiable temporal predictions. Within the limitations imposed by the simulated environment, this work proposes quantitatively that the great variability observed in the patient outcomes in real life can be the mere result of subtle variability in the infecting viral load and immune competence in the population. In this work, we exemplify how computational modeling of immune response provides an important view to discuss hypothesis and design new experiments, in particular paving the way to further investigations about the duration of vaccine-elicited immunity especially in the view of the blundering effect of immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Castiglione
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Debashrito Deb
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Pietro Liò
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Ragone C, Manolio C, Cavalluzzo B, Mauriello A, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Castiglione F, Vitagliano L, Iaccarino E, Ruvo M, Tagliamonte M, Buonaguro L. Identification and validation of viral antigens sharing sequence and structural homology with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002694. [PMID: 34049932 PMCID: PMC8166618 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The host’s immune system develops in equilibrium with both cellular self-antigens and non-self-antigens derived from microorganisms which enter the body during lifetime. In addition, during the years, a tumor may arise presenting to the immune system an additional pool of non-self-antigens, namely tumor antigens (tumor-associated antigens, TAAs; tumor-specific antigens, TSAs). Methods In the present study, we looked for homology between published TAAs and non-self-viral-derived epitopes. Bioinformatics analyses and ex vivo immunological validations have been performed. Results Surprisingly, several of such homologies have been found. Moreover, structural similarities between paired TAAs and viral peptides as well as comparable patterns of contact with HLA and T cell receptor (TCR) α and β chains have been observed. Therefore, the two classes of non-self-antigens (viral antigens and tumor antigens) may converge, eliciting cross-reacting CD8+ T cell responses which possibly drive the fate of cancer development and progression. Conclusions An established antiviral T cell memory may turn out to be an anticancer T cell memory, able to control the growth of a cancer developed during the lifetime if the expressed TAA is similar to the viral epitope. This may ultimately represent a relevant selective advantage for patients with cancer and may lead to a novel preventive anticancer vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Ragone
- Experimental Oncology - Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Manolio
- Experimental Oncology - Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cavalluzzo
- Experimental Oncology - Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mauriello
- Experimental Oncology - Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Esperimental Oncology - Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Esperimental Oncology - Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Experimental Oncology - Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Experimental Oncology - Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Shinde SB, Kurhekar MP. Review of the systems biology of the immune system using agent-based models. IET Syst Biol 2019; 12:83-92. [PMID: 29745901 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2017.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is an inherent protection system in vertebrate animals including human beings that exhibit properties such as self-organisation, self-adaptation, learning, and recognition. It interacts with the other allied systems such as the gut and lymph nodes. There is a need for immune system modelling to know about its complex internal mechanism, to understand how it maintains the homoeostasis, and how it interacts with the other systems. There are two types of modelling techniques used for the simulation of features of the immune system: equation-based modelling (EBM) and agent-based modelling. Owing to certain shortcomings of the EBM, agent-based modelling techniques are being widely used. This technique provides various predictions for disease causes and treatments; it also helps in hypothesis verification. This study presents a review of agent-based modelling of the immune system and its interactions with the gut and lymph nodes. The authors also review the modelling of immune system interactions during tuberculosis and cancer. In addition, they also outline the future research directions for the immune system simulation through agent-based techniques such as the effects of stress on the immune system, evolution of the immune system, and identification of the parameters for a healthy immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal B Shinde
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manish P Kurhekar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
With the rise in novel infectious agents and disease pandemics, a new era of vaccine discovery is necessary. To address this, the new field of immunomics is described, which is synergistically powered by integrating bioinformatics methodologies with technological advances in biology and high-throughput instrumentation. By incorporating biological data from immunology and molecular biology with current genomics and proteomics, immunomics is geared to deliver an insight into immune function, optimal stimulation of immune responses and precise mapping and rational selection of immune targets that cover antigenic diversity. These efforts are expected to contribute towards the development of new generation of vaccines, tailored to both the genetic make-up of the human population and of the pathogen. Vaccine technologies are also being explored for prevention or control of non-communicable diseases.
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Gao X, Arpin C, Marvel J, Prokopiou SA, Gandrillon O, Crauste F. IL-2 sensitivity and exogenous IL-2 concentration gradient tune the productive contact duration of CD8(+) T cell-APC: a multiscale modeling study. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:77. [PMID: 27535120 PMCID: PMC4989479 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The CD8+ T cell immune response fights acute infections by intracellular pathogens and, by generating an immune memory, enables immune responses against secondary infections. Activation of the CD8+ T cell immune response involves a succession of molecular events leading to modifications of CD8+ T cell population. To understand the endogenous and exogenous mechanisms controlling the activation of CD8+ T cells and to investigate the influence of early molecular events on the long-term cell population behavior, we developed a multiscale computational model. It integrates three levels of description: a Cellular Potts model describing the individual behavior of CD8+ T cells, a system of ordinary differential equations describing a decision-making molecular regulatory network at the intracellular level, and a partial differential equation describing the diffusion of IL-2 in the extracellular environment. Results We first calibrated the model parameters based on in vivo data and showed the model’s ability to reproduce early dynamics of CD8+ T cells in murine lymph nodes after influenza infection, both at the cell population and intracellular levels. We then showed the model’s ability to reproduce the proliferative responses of CD5hi and CD5lo CD8+ T cells to exogenous IL-2 under a weak TCR stimulation. This stressed the role of short-lasting molecular events and the relevance of explicitly describing both intracellular and cellular scale dynamics. Our results suggest that the productive contact duration of CD8+ T cell-APC is influenced by the sensitivity of individual CD8+ T cells to the activation signal and by the IL-2 concentration in the extracellular environment. Conclusions The multiscale nature of our model allows the reproduction and explanation of some acquired characteristics and functions of CD8+ T cells, and of their responses to multiple stimulation conditions, that would not be accessible in a classical description of cell population dynamics that would not consider intracellular dynamics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-016-0323-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gao
- Inria team Dracula, Inria Antenne Lyon la Doua, Bâtiment CEI-2, 56 Boulevard Niels Bohr, 69603, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Christophe Arpin
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, F-69007, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, F-69007, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69007, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, F-69007, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, F-69007, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69007, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France
| | - Sotiris A Prokopiou
- Inria team Dracula, Inria Antenne Lyon la Doua, Bâtiment CEI-2, 56 Boulevard Niels Bohr, 69603, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Olivier Gandrillon
- Inria team Dracula, Inria Antenne Lyon la Doua, Bâtiment CEI-2, 56 Boulevard Niels Bohr, 69603, Villeurbanne cedex, France. .,Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Fabien Crauste
- Inria team Dracula, Inria Antenne Lyon la Doua, Bâtiment CEI-2, 56 Boulevard Niels Bohr, 69603, Villeurbanne cedex, France. .,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5208, Institut Camille Jordan, 43 blvd. du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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Computational modelling approaches to vaccinology. Pharmacol Res 2015; 92:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wang Z, Butner JD, Kerketta R, Cristini V, Deisboeck TS. Simulating cancer growth with multiscale agent-based modeling. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 30:70-8. [PMID: 24793698 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There have been many techniques developed in recent years to in silico model a variety of cancer behaviors. Agent-based modeling is a specific discrete-based hybrid modeling approach that allows simulating the role of diversity in cell populations as well as within each individual cell; it has therefore become a powerful modeling method widely used by computational cancer researchers. Many aspects of tumor morphology including phenotype-changing mutations, the adaptation to microenvironment, the process of angiogenesis, the influence of extracellular matrix, reactions to chemotherapy or surgical intervention, the effects of oxygen and nutrient availability, and metastasis and invasion of healthy tissues have been incorporated and investigated in agent-based models. In this review, we introduce some of the most recent agent-based models that have provided insight into the understanding of cancer growth and invasion, spanning multiple biological scales in time and space, and we further describe several experimentally testable hypotheses generated by those models. We also discuss some of the current challenges of multiscale agent-based cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Joseph D Butner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Romica Kerketta
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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