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Hu L, Xu J, Wu T, Fan Z, Sun L, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Ding Y, Wang S. Depletion of ID3 enhances mesenchymal stem cells therapy by targeting BMP4 in Sjögren's syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32139667 PMCID: PMC7058624 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) transplantation has been used to treat Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) based on the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs. However, the effectiveness need improving and its underlying intrinsic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that Id3 is upregulated in bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) isolated from NOD/ShiLtJ mice, a widely used SS model, compared with ICR mice as control, suggesting that it functions in SS development and therapy. Transplantation of Id3-deficient BMMSCs rescues salivary gland function more effective than wild-type BMMSCs in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Mechanistically, we show that ID3 negatively regulated BMP4 expression by preventing binding of basic helix–loop–helix protein E2A to the promoter of the Bmp4 gene. BMP4 in turn promoted PGE2 production in MSCs, and exhibited enhanced suppressive activities of T-cell proliferation and Th1 differentiation. Importantly, BMMSCs from SS patients showed significantly lower BMP4 and PGE2 expression than those from healthy individuals. Taken together, our findings revealed the targeting Id3 may be therapeutically useful for improving MSC immunoregulation and effectiveness of MSCs therapy for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junji Xu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tingting Wu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Fortune Link Triones (Beijing) Scitech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yaozhong Ding
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Saenz JB, Burclaff J, Mills JC. Modeling Murine Gastric Metaplasia Through Tamoxifen-Induced Acute Parietal Cell Loss. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1422:329-39. [PMID: 27246044 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3603-8_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parietal cell loss represents the initial step in the sequential progression toward gastric adenocarcinoma. In the setting of chronic inflammation, the expansion of the mucosal response to parietal cell loss characterizes a crucial transition en route to gastric dysplasia. Here, we detail methods for using the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen as a novel tool to rapidly and reversibly induce parietal cell loss in mice in order to study the mechanisms that underlie these pre-neoplastic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose B Saenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8124, 660 So. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8124, 660 So. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8124, 660 So. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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3
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Reversible modulation of SIRT1 activity in a mouse strain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173002. [PMID: 28273169 PMCID: PMC5342236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIRT1 protein deacetylase is reported to have a remarkably wide spectrum of biological functions affecting such varied processes as aging, cancer, metabolism, neurodegeneration and immunity. However, the SIRT1 literature is also full of contradictions. To help establish the role(s) of SIRT1 in these and other biological processes, we set out to create a mouse in which the SIRT1 activity could be toggled between on and off states by fusing the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain (ER) to the C terminus of the SIRT1 protein. We found that the catalytic activity of the SIRT1-ER fusion protein increased 4–5 fold in cells treated with its ligand, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4OHT). The 4OHT-induced activation of SIRT1-ER was due in large part to a 2 to 4-fold increase in abundance of the SIRT1-ER protein in cells in culture and in tissues in vivo. This increase is reversible and is a consequence of 4OHT-induced stabilization of the SIRT1-ER protein. Since changes in SIRT1 level or activity of 2–4 fold are frequently reported to be sufficient to affect its biological functions, this mouse should be helpful in establishing the causal relationships between SIRT1 and the diseases and processes it affects.
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Whitfield J, Littlewood T, Evan GI, Soucek L. The estrogen receptor fusion system in mouse models: a reversible switch. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:227-34. [PMID: 25734072 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top069815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reversible regulatory mouse models have significantly contributed to our understanding of normal tissue and cancer biology, providing the opportunity to temporally control initiation, progression, and evolution of physiological and pathological events. The tamoxifen inducible system, one of the best-characterized "reversible switch" models, has a number of beneficial features. In this system, the hormone-binding domain of the mammalian estrogen receptor is used as a heterologous regulatory domain. Upon ligand binding, the receptor is released from its inhibitory complex and the fusion protein becomes functional. We summarize the advantages and drawbacks of the system, describe several mouse models that rely on it, and discuss potential improvements that could render it even more useful and versatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Whitfield
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Trevor Littlewood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard I Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Soucek
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Gao P, Han X, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Fuss IJ, Myers TG, Gardina PJ, Zhang F, Strober W. Dynamic changes in E-protein activity regulate T reg cell development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2651-68. [PMID: 25488982 PMCID: PMC4267236 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gao et al. show that E-box proteins dampen the generation and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in part by inhibiting IL-2Rα expression and IL-2 responsiveness. E-proteins are TCR-sensitive transcription factors essential for intrathymic T cell transitions. Here, we show that deletion of E-proteins leads to both enhanced peripheral TGF-β–induced regulatory T (iT reg) cell and thymic naturally arising T reg cell (nT reg cell) differentiation. In contrast, deletion of Id proteins results in reduced nT reg cell differentiation. Mechanistic analysis indicated that decreased E-protein activity leads to de-repression of signaling pathways that are essential to Foxp3 expression. Decreased E-protein binding to an IL-2Rα enhancer locus facilitated TCR-induced IL-2Rα expression. Similarly, decreased E-protein activity facilitated TCR-induced NF-κB activation and generation of c-Rel. Consistent with this, microarray analysis indicated that cells with E-protein depletion that are not yet expressing Foxp3 exhibit activation of the IL-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways as well as enhanced expression of many of the genes associated with Foxp3 induction. Finally, studies using Nur77-GFP mice to monitor TCR signaling showed that TCR signaling strength sufficient to induce Foxp3 differentiation is accompanied by down-regulation of E-protein levels. Collectively, these data suggest that TCR stimulation acts in part through down-regulation of E-protein activity to induce T reg cell lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiqiong Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ivan J Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Timothy G Myers
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul J Gardina
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fuping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Warren Strober
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Brunskill EW, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Pentz ES, Lin E, Yu J, Aronow BJ, Potter SS, Gomez RA. Genes that confer the identity of the renin cell. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:2213-25. [PMID: 22034642 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin-expressing cells modulate BP, fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, and kidney development, but remarkably little is known regarding the genetic regulatory network that governs the identity of these cells. Here we compared the gene expression profiles of renin cells with most cells in the kidney at various stages of development as well as after a physiologic challenge known to induce the transformation of arteriolar smooth muscle cells into renin-expressing cells. At all stages, renin cells expressed a distinct set of genes characteristic of the renin phenotype, which was vastly different from other cell types in the kidney. For example, cells programmed to exhibit the renin phenotype expressed Akr1b7, and maturing cells expressed angiogenic factors necessary for the development of the kidney vasculature and RGS (regulator of G-protein signaling) genes, suggesting a potential relationship between renin cells and pericytes. Contrary to the plasticity of arteriolar smooth muscle cells upstream from the glomerulus, which can transiently acquire the embryonic phenotype in the adult under physiologic stress, the adult juxtaglomerular cell always possessed characteristics of both smooth muscle and renin cells. Taken together, these results identify the gene expression profile of renin-expressing cells at various stages of maturity, and suggest that juxtaglomerular cells maintain properties of both smooth muscle and renin-expressing cells, likely to allow the rapid control of body fluids and BP through both contractile and endocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Brunskill
- Harrison Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics and Biology, University of Virginia, 409 Lane Road, MR4 Building, Room 2001, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Jones ME, Zhuang Y. Stage-specific functions of E-proteins at the β-selection and T-cell receptor checkpoints during thymocyte development. Immunol Res 2011; 49:202-15. [PMID: 21128008 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-010-8182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The E-protein transcription factors E2A and HEB function in a lineage- and stage-specific manner to orchestrate many critical events throughout lymphocyte development. The function of E-proteins in both B- and T-lymphocyte development has been extensively studied through the use of single-gene knockout animals. Unlike B cells, which rely primarily on E2A alone, T cells are regulated by the combinatorial expression of both E2A and HEB. Therefore, many of the roles of E-proteins during T-cell development may be masked in single-gene knockout studies due to the compensatory function of E2A and HEB. More recently, our laboratory has established double-conditional knockout models to eliminate both E2A and HEB in a stage-specific manner throughout T-cell development. These models, in combination with other complimentary genetic approaches, have identified new E-protein functions at each of the two major T-cell developmental checkpoints. Here, we will discuss how E-proteins function to regulate the expression of T-cell receptor components and cell cycle at the β-selection checkpoint, and how they control positive selection, survival, and lineage-specific gene expression at the subsequent T-cell receptor checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3010, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Control of the differentiation of regulatory T cells and T(H)17 cells by the DNA-binding inhibitor Id3. Nat Immunol 2010; 12:86-95. [PMID: 21131965 PMCID: PMC3140164 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms directing Foxp3 gene transcription in CD4+ T cells remain ill defined. We show that deletion of the inhibitory helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein Id3 results in defective Foxp3+ Treg cell generation. We identified two transforming grothw factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-dependent mechanisms that are vital for activation of Foxp3 gene transcription, and are defective in Id3−/− CD4+ T cells. Enhanced binding of the HLH protein E2A to the Foxp3 promoter promoted Foxp3 gene transcription. Id3 was required to relieve inhibition by GATA-3 at the Foxp3 promoter. Further, Id3−/− T cells increased differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro and in a mouse asthma model. A network of factors therefore act in a TGF-β-dependent manner to control Foxp3 expression and inhibit Th17 cell development.
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