1
|
Uttekar B, Verma RK, Tomer D, Rikhy R. Mitochondrial morphology dynamics and ROS regulate apical polarity and differentiation in Drosophila follicle cells. Development 2024; 151:dev201732. [PMID: 38345270 PMCID: PMC7616099 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology dynamics regulate signaling pathways during epithelial cell formation and differentiation. The mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 affects the appropriate activation of EGFR and Notch signaling-driven differentiation of posterior follicle cells in Drosophila oogenesis. The mechanisms by which Drp1 regulates epithelial polarity during differentiation are not known. In this study, we show that Drp1-depleted follicle cells are constricted in early stages and present in multiple layers at later stages with decreased levels of apical polarity protein aPKC. These defects are suppressed by additional depletion of mitochondrial fusion protein Opa1. Opa1 depletion leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in follicle cells. We find that increasing ROS by depleting the ROS scavengers, mitochondrial SOD2 and catalase also leads to mitochondrial fragmentation. Further, the loss of Opa1, SOD2 and catalase partially restores the defects in epithelial polarity and aPKC, along with EGFR and Notch signaling in Drp1-depleted follicle cells. Our results show a crucial interaction between mitochondrial morphology, ROS generation and epithelial cell polarity formation during the differentiation of follicle epithelial cells in Drosophila oogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin Uttekar
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Darshika Tomer
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Richa Rikhy
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boutet A, Zeledon C, Emery G. ArfGAP1 regulates the endosomal sorting of guidance receptors to promote directed collective cell migration in vivo. iScience 2023; 26:107467. [PMID: 37599820 PMCID: PMC10432204 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis drives diverse migrations important for development and involved in diseases, including cancer progression. Using border cells in the Drosophila egg chamber as a model for collective cell migration, we characterized the role of ArfGAP1 in regulating chemotaxis during this process. We found that ArfGAP1 is required for the maintenance of receptor tyrosine kinases, the guidance receptors, at the plasma membrane. In the absence of ArfGAP1, the level of active receptors is reduced at the plasma membrane and increased in late endosomes. Consequently, clusters with impaired ArfGAP1 activity lose directionality. Furthermore, we found that the number and size of late endosomes and lysosomes are increased in the absence of ArfGAP1. Finally, genetic interactions suggest that ArfGAP1 acts on the kinase and GTPase Lrrk to regulate receptor sorting. Overall, our data indicate that ArfGAP1 is required to maintain guidance receptors at the plasma membrane and promote chemotaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Boutet
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Carlos Zeledon
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gregory Emery
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Notch Transduction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165691. [PMID: 32784481 PMCID: PMC7461113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily-conserved Notch signaling pathway plays critical roles in cell communication, function and homeostasis equilibrium. The pathway serves as a cell-to-cell juxtaposed molecular transducer and is crucial in a number of cell processes including cell fate specification, asymmetric cell division and lateral inhibition. Notch also plays critical roles in organismal development, homeostasis, and regeneration, including somitogenesis, left-right asymmetry, neurogenesis, tissue repair, self-renewal and stemness, and its dysregulation has causative roles in a number of congenital and acquired pathologies, including cancer. In the lung, Notch activity is necessary for cell fate specification and expansion, and its aberrant activity is markedly linked to various defects in club cell formation, alveologenesis, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. In this review, we focus on the role this intercellular signaling device plays during lung development and on its functional relevance in proximo-distal cell fate specification, branching morphogenesis, and alveolar cell determination and maturation, then revise its involvement in NSCLC formation, progression and treatment refractoriness, particularly in the context of various mutational statuses associated with NSCLC, and, lastly, conclude by providing a succinct outlook of the therapeutic perspectives of Notch targeting in NSCLC therapy, including an overview on prospective synthetic lethality approaches.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rivera-Colón AG, Westerman EL, Van Belleghem SM, Monteiro A, Papa R. Multiple Loci Control Eyespot Number Variation on the Hindwings of Bicyclus anynana Butterflies. Genetics 2020; 214:1059-1078. [PMID: 32019848 PMCID: PMC7153931 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying genetic changes that regulate the appearance and disappearance of repeated traits, or serial homologs, remain poorly understood. One hypothesis is that variation in genomic regions flanking master regulatory genes, also known as input-output genes, controls variation in trait number, making the locus of evolution almost predictable. Another hypothesis implicates genetic variation in up- or downstream loci of master control genes. Here, we use the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, a species that exhibits natural variation in eyespot number on the dorsal hindwing, to test these two hypotheses. We first estimated the heritability of dorsal hindwing eyespot number by breeding multiple butterfly families differing in eyespot number and regressing eyespot numbers of offspring on midparent values. We then estimated the number and identity of independent genetic loci contributing to eyespot number variation by performing a genome-wide association study with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing from multiple individuals varying in number of eyespots sampled across a freely breeding laboratory population. We found that dorsal hindwing eyespot number has a moderately high heritability of ∼0.50 and is characterized by a polygenic architecture. Previously identified genomic regions involved in eyespot development, and novel ones, display high association with dorsal hindwing eyespot number, suggesting that homolog number variation is likely determined by regulatory changes at multiple loci that build the trait, and not by variation at single master regulators or input-output genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel G Rivera-Colón
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Erica L Westerman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138609
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Initial Stage of Tumorigenesis in Drosophila Epithelial Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31520350 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer development originates in a single mutant cell transformed from a normal cell, including further evolution of pro-tumor cells through additional mutations into malignant cancer tissues. Data from recent studies, however, suggest that most pro-tumor cells do not develop into tumors but remain dormant within or are prophylactically eliminated from tissues unless bestowed with additional driver mutations. Drosophila melanogaster has provided very efficient model systems, such as imaginal discs and ovarian follicular epithelia, to study the initial stage of tumorigenesis. This review will focus on the behaviors of emerging pro-tumor cells surrounded by normal cells and situations where they initiate tumor development.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dubey P, Kapoor T, Gupta S, Shirolikar S, Ray K. Atypical septate junctions maintain the somatic enclosure around maturing spermatids and prevent premature sperm release in Drosophila testis. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.036939. [PMID: 30635267 PMCID: PMC6398457 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions prevent paracellular flow and maintain cell polarity in an epithelium. These junctions are also required for maintaining the blood-testis barrier, which is essential for sperm differentiation. Septate junctions in insects are orthologous to the tight junctions. In Drosophila testis, major septate junction components co-localize at the interface of germline and somatic cells initially, and then condense between the two somatic cells in a cyst after germline meiosis. Their localization is extensively remodeled in subsequent stages. We find that characteristic septate junctions are formed between the somatic cyst cells at the elongated spermatid stage. Consistent with previous reports, knockdown of essential junctional components – Discs-large-1 and Neurexin-IV – during the early stages disrupted sperm differentiation beyond the spermatocyte stage. Knockdown of these proteins during the final stages of spermatid maturation caused premature release of spermatids inside the testes, resulting in partial loss of male fertility. These results indicate the importance of maintaining the integrity of the somatic enclosure during spermatid coiling and release in Drosophila testis. It also highlights the functional similarity with the tight junction proteins during mammalian spermatogenesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Septate junctions seal the somatic enclosure around maturing spermatids in Drosophila testis. The junction integrity, maintained by Dlg1 and NrxIV, is essential for keeping the somatic enclosure intact until the mature spermatids are released.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Dubey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Tushna Kapoor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Samir Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Seema Shirolikar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weisman NY. Genetic and Epigenetic Pathways of lethal (2) giant larvae Tumor Suppressor in Drosophila melanogaster. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Tomer D, Chippalkatti R, Mitra K, Rikhy R. ERK regulates mitochondrial membrane potential in fission deficient Drosophila follicle cells during differentiation. Dev Biol 2018; 434:48-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
9
|
Milgrom-Hoffman M, Humbert PO. Regulation of cellular and PCP signalling by the Scribble polarity module. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:33-45. [PMID: 29154823 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the first identification of the Scribble polarity module proteins as a new class of tumour suppressors that regulate both cell polarity and proliferation, an increasing amount of evidence has uncovered a broader role for Scribble, Dlg and Lgl in the control of fundamental cellular functions and their signalling pathways. Here, we review these findings as well as discuss more specifically the role of the Scribble module in PCP signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Milgrom-Hoffman
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duhart JC, Parsons TT, Raftery LA. The repertoire of epithelial morphogenesis on display: Progressive elaboration of Drosophila egg structure. Mech Dev 2017; 148:18-39. [PMID: 28433748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial structures are foundational for tissue organization in all metazoans. Sheets of epithelial cells form lateral adhesive junctions and acquire apico-basal polarity perpendicular to the surface of the sheet. Genetic analyses in the insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, have greatly advanced our understanding of how epithelial organization is established, and how it is modulated during tissue morphogenesis. Major insights into collective cell migrations have come from analyses of morphogenetic movements within the adult follicular epithelium that cooperates with female germ cells to build a mature egg. Epithelial follicle cells progress through tightly choreographed phases of proliferation, patterning, reorganization and migrations, before they differentiate to form the elaborate structures of the eggshell. Distinct structural domains are organized by differential adhesion, within which lateral junctions are remodeled to further shape the organized epithelia. During collective cell migrations, adhesive interactions mediate supracellular organization of planar polarized macromolecules, and facilitate crawling over the basement membrane or traction against adjacent cell surfaces. Comparative studies with other insects are revealing the diversification of morphogenetic movements for elaboration of epithelial structures. This review surveys the repertoire of follicle cell morphogenesis, to highlight the coordination of epithelial plasticity with progressive differentiation of a secretory epithelium. Technological advances will keep this tissue at the leading edge for interrogating the precise spatiotemporal regulation of normal epithelial reorganization events, and provide a framework for understanding pathological tissue dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Duhart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, United States
| | - Travis T Parsons
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, United States
| | - Laurel A Raftery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for health and development. Generally, the last step of PCD is clearance, or engulfment, by phagocytes. Engulfment can be broken down into five basic steps: attraction of the phagocyte, recognition of the dying cell, internalization, phagosome maturation, and acidification of the engulfed material. The Drosophila melanogaster ovary serves as an excellent model to study diverse types of PCD and engulfment by epithelial cells. Here, we describe several methods to detect and analyze multiple steps of engulfment in the Drosophila ovary: recognition, vesicle uptake, phagosome maturation, and acidification. Annexin V detects phosphatidylserine, which is flipped to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells, serving as an "eat me" signal. Several germline markers including tral-GFP, Orb, and cleaved Dcp-1 can all be used to label the germline and visualize its uptake into engulfing follicle cells. Drosophila strains expressing GFP and mCherry protein fusions can enable a detailed analysis of phagosome maturation. LysoTracker labels highly acidified compartments, marking phagolysosomes. Together these labels can be used to mark the progression of engulfment in Drosophila follicle cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
Beckmann S, Hahnel S, Cailliau K, Vanderstraete M, Browaeys E, Dissous C, Grevelding CG. Characterization of the Src/Abl hybrid kinase SmTK6 of Schistosoma mansoni. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42325-42336. [PMID: 22013071 PMCID: PMC3234968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.210336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein-tyrosine kinases play key roles in signal transduction processes in eukaryotes. SmTK4 was the first Syk kinase identified in a parasite and found to be tissue-specifically transcribed in the gonads of adult Schistosoma mansoni. Functional analyses confirmed its role in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. As an SmTK4 upstream binding partner, the cellular protein-tyrosine kinase SmTK6 was isolated from a yeast two-hybrid library. Phylogenetic analyses performed in this study confirmed the first suggestions of a hybrid character of SmTK6. Biochemical studies made in Xenopus oocytes using inhibitors against Src (herbimycin A) and Abl (imatinib) kinases exhibited a biochemical inhibition profile of SmTK6, which was intermediate of Src and Abl kinases. As SmTK6 upstream interaction partners, we identified among others the known Src kinase SmTK3 and the Venus kinase receptor SmVKR1 of S. mansoni by yeast two-hybrid analyses, all of which co-localized in the gonads. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed interactions between SmTK6 and SmTK3 or SmVKR1. In Xenopus oocytes, it was finally shown that SmVKR1 but also SmTK3 were able to activate SmTK6 enzymatic activity indicating its functions in a receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction cascade. These results not only demonstrate an intermediate but Src-biased profile of the unusual kinase SmTK6. They also strongly substantiate previous indications for a kinase complex, consisting of a receptor tyrosine kinase, Syk and Src kinases, which has been hypothesized to be involved in proliferation and differentiation processes in the gonads of schistosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Beckmann
- Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Steffen Hahnel
- Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katia Cailliau
- EA 4479, IFR 147, Universite Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Vanderstraete
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Edith Browaeys
- EA 4479, IFR 147, Universite Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Colette Dissous
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Klusza S, Deng WM. At the crossroads of differentiation and proliferation: precise control of cell-cycle changes by multiple signaling pathways in Drosophila follicle cells. Bioessays 2011; 33:124-34. [PMID: 21154780 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we discuss the findings to date about genes and pathways required for regulation of somatic follicle-cell proliferation and differentiation during Drosophila oogenesis and demonstrate how loss of these genes contributes to the tumorigenic potential of mutant cells. Follicle cells undergo cell-fate determination through stepwise activation of multiple signaling pathways, including the Notch, Hedgehog, Wingless, janus kinase/STAT, and JNK pathways. In addition, changes in DNA replication and cellular growth depend on the spatial and temporal activation of the mitotic cycle-endocycle and endocycle-gene amplification cell-cycle switches and insulin-dependent monitoring of cellular health; systemic loss of these pathways contributes to loss of controlled cellular proliferation, loss of differentiation/growth, and aberrant cell polarity in follicle cells. We also highlight the effects of the neoplastic and Hippo pathways on the cell cycle and cellular proliferation in promoting normal development and conclude that lack of coordination of multiple signaling pathways promotes conditions favorable for tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Klusza
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|