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Duan D, Lyu W, Chai P, Ma S, Wu K, Wu C, Xiong Y, Sestan N, Zhang K, Koleske AJ. Abl2 repairs microtubules and phase separates with tubulin to promote microtubule nucleation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4582-4598.e10. [PMID: 37858340 PMCID: PMC10877310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Abl family kinases are evolutionarily conserved regulators of cell migration and morphogenesis. Genetic experiments in Drosophila suggest that Abl family kinases interact functionally with microtubules to regulate axon guidance and neuronal morphogenesis. Vertebrate Abl2 binds to microtubules and promotes their plus-end elongation, both in vitro and in cells, but the molecular mechanisms by which Abl2 regulates microtubule (MT) dynamics are unclear. We report here that Abl2 regulates MT assembly via condensation and direct interactions with both the MT lattice and tubulin dimers. We find that Abl2 promotes MT nucleation, which is further facilitated by the ability of the Abl2 C-terminal half to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and form co-condensates with tubulin. Abl2 binds to regions adjacent to MT damage, facilitates MT repair via fresh tubulin recruitment, and increases MT rescue frequency and lifetime. Cryo-EM analyses strongly support a model in which Abl2 engages tubulin C-terminal tails along an extended MT lattice conformation at damage sites to facilitate repair via fresh tubulin recruitment. Abl2Δ688-790, which closely mimics a naturally occurring splice isoform, retains binding to the MT lattice but does not bind tubulin, promote MT nucleation, or increase rescue frequency. In COS-7 cells, MT reassembly after nocodazole treatment is greatly slowed in Abl2 knockout COS-7 cells compared with wild-type cells, and these defects are rescued by re-expression of Abl2, but not Abl2Δ688-790. We propose that Abl2 locally concentrates tubulin to promote MT nucleation and recruits it to defects in the MT lattice to enable repair and rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Duan
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wanqing Lyu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pengxin Chai
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kuanlin Wu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chunxiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Woodcock VK, Clive S, Wilson RH, Coyle VM, Stratford MRL, Folkes LK, Eastell R, Barton C, Jones P, Kazmi-Stokes S, Turner H, Halford S, Harris AL, Middleton MR. A first-in-human phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of the oral Src/ ABL inhibitor AZD0424. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:770-776. [PMID: 29438361 PMCID: PMC5877436 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src is involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. AZD0424, an oral inhibitor of Src and ABL1, has shown evidence of anti-tumour activity in pre-clinical studies. METHODS A phase Ia, dose escalation study was performed to assess the safety of continuous oral dosing with AZD0424 in advanced solid tumours. Secondary objectives included investigation of AZD0424 pharmacokinetics, effect on Src activity using markers of bone turnover, and anti-tumour activity. RESULTS 41 patients were treated; 34 received AZD0424 once-daily at doses ranging from 5 mg to 150 mg, and 7 received 40 mg bi-daily 41.5% of patients experienced at least one AZD0424-related adverse event that was Grade 3-5 in severity, with patients treated at doses above 60 mg per day experiencing multiple treatment-related toxicities. The most commonly observed AZD0424-related adverse events were nausea, fatigue, anorexia and alopecia. Cmax and AUC increased linearly with dose and the mean±standard deviation t1/2 was 8.4±2.8 h. Clear evidence of Src target inhibition was seen at doses ⩾20 mg per day. No responses were observed and 7 patients (17.1%) achieved stable disease lasting 6 weeks or more. CONCLUSIONS AZD0424 displayed no evidence of efficacy as monotherapy despite a clear pharmacodynamic effect. Further evaluation of AZD0424 monotherapy in patients with solid tumours is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Woodcock
- University of Oxford Department of Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Sally Clive
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard H Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Vicky M Coyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michael R L Stratford
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lisa K Folkes
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Claire Barton
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - Shamim Kazmi-Stokes
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - Helen Turner
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - Sarah Halford
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- University of Oxford Department of Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Mark R Middleton
- University of Oxford Department of Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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Hayes KE, Walk EL, Ammer AG, Kelley LC, Martin KH, Weed SA. Ableson kinases negatively regulate invadopodia function and invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting an HB-EGF autocrine loop. Oncogene 2013; 32:4766-77. [PMID: 23146907 PMCID: PMC3896120 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a proclivity for locoregional invasion. HNSCC mediates invasion in part through invadopodia-based proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Activation of Src, Erk1/2, Abl and Arg downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) modulates invadopodia activity through phosphorylation of the actin regulatory protein cortactin. In MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, Abl and Arg function downstream of Src to phosphorylate cortactin, promoting invadopodia ECM degradation activity and thus assigning a pro-invasive role for Ableson kinases. We report that Abl kinases have an opposite, negative regulatory role in HNSCC where they suppress invadopodia and tumor invasion. Impairment of Abl expression or Abl kinase activity with imatinib mesylate enhanced HNSCC matrix degradation and 3D collagen invasion, functions that were impaired in MDA-MB-231. HNSCC lines with elevated EGFR and Src activation did not contain increased Abl or Arg kinase activity, suggesting that Src could bypass Abl/Arg to phosphorylate cortactin and promote invadopodia ECM degradation. Src-transformed Abl(-/-)/Arg(-/-) fibroblasts produced ECM degrading invadopodia containing pY421 cortactin, indicating that Abl/Arg are dispensable for invadopodia function in this system. Imatinib-treated HNSCC cells had increased EGFR, Erk1/2 and Src activation, enhancing cortactin pY421 and pS405/418 required for invadopodia function. Imatinib stimulated shedding of the EGFR ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) from HNSCC cells, where soluble HB-EGF enhanced invadopodia ECM degradation in HNSCC but not in MDA-MB-231. HNSCC cells treated with inhibitors of the EGFR-invadopodia pathway indicated that EGFR and Src are required for invadopodia function. Collectively, our results indicate that Abl kinases negatively regulate HNSCC invasive processes through suppression of an HB-EGF autocrine loop responsible for activating a EGFR-Src-cortactin cascade, in contrast to the invasion promoting functions of Abl kinases in breast and other cancer types. Our results provide mechanistic support for recent failed HNSCC clinical trials utilizing imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Hayes
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
| | - Elyse L. Walk
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
| | - Amanda Gatesman Ammer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
| | | | - Karen H. Martin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
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Zhang M, Li L, Wang Z, Liu H, Hou J, Zhang M, Hao A, Liu Y, He G, Shi Y, He L, Wang X, Wan Y, Li B. A role for c- Abl in cell senescence and spontaneous immortalization. Age (Dordr) 2013; 35:1251-1262. [PMID: 22791394 PMCID: PMC3705115 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
c-Abl is a proto-oncogene that is essential for mouse development and tissue homeostasis. Misregulation of c-Abl, as seen in the constitutively active BCR-ABL, is the leading cause of human chronic myeloid leukemia. However, how the Abl proteins execute their functions still remains largely unknown. Here, we report an important role for c-Abl in replicative senescence and immortalization by regulating the expression of two tumor suppressors that induce cellular senescence, p53 and p16(INK4a). Using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we show that c-Abl (-/-) cells were more resistant to immortalization than wildtype cells using a standard 3T3 or 3T9 protocol. We could only immortalize three out of nine c-Abl (-/-) MEF cultures even when we increased the number of starting cells. This resistance was attributed to premature senescence and reduced survival in senescent c-Abl (-/-) cells due to an increase in p16(INK4a) and p53 expression. Deleting p53 allows c-Abl (-/-) p53 (-/-) MEFs to bypass senescence to be spontaneously immortalized. Cell immortalization, but not senescence, was generally accompanied by mutations in p53 in both wildtype and c-Abl (-/-) MEFs, although the spectrum is different from that of human tumors. The role for c-Abl in regulating cell senescence and immortalization might explain some of the developmental defects in c-Abl (-/-) mice and how BCR-ABL transforms cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- />Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shi Ji Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Hou
- />Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shi Ji Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- />Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shi Ji Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aijun Hao
- />Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- />Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang He
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Wang
- />Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Yue Wan
- />Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Baojie Li
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Furlan A, Lamballe F, Stagni V, Hussain A, Richelme S, Prodosmo A, Moumen A, Brun C, Barrantes IDB, Arthur JSC, Koleske AJ, Nebreda AR, Barilà D, Maina F. Met acts through Abl to regulate p53 transcriptional outcomes and cell survival in the developing liver. J Hepatol 2012; 57:1292-8. [PMID: 22889954 PMCID: PMC3571726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic studies indicate that distinct signaling modulators are each necessary but not individually sufficient for embryonic hepatocyte survival in vivo. Nevertheless, how signaling players are interconnected into functional circuits and how they coordinate the balance of cell survival and death in developing livers are still major unresolved issues. In the present study, we examined the modulation of the p53 pathway by HGF/Met in embryonic livers. METHODS We combined pharmacological and genetic approaches to biochemically and functionally evaluate p53 pathway modulation in primary embryonic hepatocytes and in developing livers. RT-PCR arrays were applied to investigate the selectivity of p53 transcriptional response triggered by Met. RESULTS Met recruits p53 to regulate the liver developmental program, by qualitatively modulating its transcriptional properties: turning on the Mdm2 survival gene, while keeping death and cell-cycle arrest genes Pmaip1 and p21 silent. We investigated the mechanism leading to p53 regulation by Met and found that Abl and p38MAPK are required for p53 phosphorylation on S(389), Mdm2 upregulation, and hepatocyte survival. Alteration of this signaling mechanism switches p53 properties, leading to p53-dependent cell death in embryonic livers. RT-PCR array studies affirmed the ability of the Met-Abl-p53 axis to modulate the expression of distinct genes that can be regulated by p53. CONCLUSIONS A signaling circuit involving Abl and p38MAPK is required downstream of Met for the survival of embryonic hepatocytes, via qualitative regulation of the p53 transcriptional response, by switching its proapoptotic into survival properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Venturina Stagni
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Biology Department, Univ. Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Prodosmo
- Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Experimental Oncology Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anice Moumen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IBDML, CNRS UMR 7288, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Brun
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm U928, TAGC, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Ivan del Barco Barrantes
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Anthony J. Koleske
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Angel R. Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Biology Department, Univ. Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IBDML, CNRS UMR 7288, Marseille, France,Corresponding author. Address: IBDML, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. Tel.: +33 4 91 26 97 69. , (F. Maina)
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Beckmann S, Hahnel S, Cailliau K, Vanderstraete M, Browaeys E, Dissous C, Grevelding CG. Characterization of the Src/ Abl hybrid kinase SmTK6 of Schistosoma mansoni. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42325-42336. [PMID: 22013071 PMCID: PMC3234968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.210336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein-tyrosine kinases play key roles in signal transduction processes in eukaryotes. SmTK4 was the first Syk kinase identified in a parasite and found to be tissue-specifically transcribed in the gonads of adult Schistosoma mansoni. Functional analyses confirmed its role in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. As an SmTK4 upstream binding partner, the cellular protein-tyrosine kinase SmTK6 was isolated from a yeast two-hybrid library. Phylogenetic analyses performed in this study confirmed the first suggestions of a hybrid character of SmTK6. Biochemical studies made in Xenopus oocytes using inhibitors against Src (herbimycin A) and Abl (imatinib) kinases exhibited a biochemical inhibition profile of SmTK6, which was intermediate of Src and Abl kinases. As SmTK6 upstream interaction partners, we identified among others the known Src kinase SmTK3 and the Venus kinase receptor SmVKR1 of S. mansoni by yeast two-hybrid analyses, all of which co-localized in the gonads. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed interactions between SmTK6 and SmTK3 or SmVKR1. In Xenopus oocytes, it was finally shown that SmVKR1 but also SmTK3 were able to activate SmTK6 enzymatic activity indicating its functions in a receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction cascade. These results not only demonstrate an intermediate but Src-biased profile of the unusual kinase SmTK6. They also strongly substantiate previous indications for a kinase complex, consisting of a receptor tyrosine kinase, Syk and Src kinases, which has been hypothesized to be involved in proliferation and differentiation processes in the gonads of schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Beckmann
- Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Steffen Hahnel
- Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katia Cailliau
- EA 4479, IFR 147, Universite Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Vanderstraete
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Edith Browaeys
- EA 4479, IFR 147, Universite Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Colette Dissous
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur Lille, 59019 Lille, France
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Chandra HS, Heistekamp NC, Hungerford A, Morrissette JJ, Nowell PC, Rowley JD, Testa JR. Philadelphia Chromosome Symposium: commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Ph chromosome. Cancer Genet 2011; 204:171-9. [PMID: 21536234 PMCID: PMC3092778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes highlights of the Philadelphia Chromosome Symposium: Past, Present and Future, held September 28, 2010, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome. The symposium sessions included presentations by investigators who made seminal contributions concerning the discovery and molecular characterization of the Ph chromosome and others who developed a highly successful therapy based on the specific molecular alteration observed in chronic myeloid leukemia. Additional presentations highlighted future opportunities for the design of molecularly targeted therapies for various types of cancer. Also included here are reminiscences connected with the discovery of the Ph chromosome by David Hungerford and Peter Nowell, the discovery that the abnormality arises from a chromosomal translocation, by Janet Rowley, and the cloning of the 9;22 translocation breakpoints by Nora Heisterkamp, John Groffen, and colleagues.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytogenetics/history
- Cytogenetics/methods
- Cytogenetics/trends
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/history
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora C. Heistekamp
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90027 USA
| | | | - Jennifer J.D. Morrissette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Peter C. Nowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Janet D. Rowley
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Joseph R. Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS New molecular cytogenetic techniques are increasingly applied as a routine investigative tool in haematological malignancies, both at diagnosis and subsequent monitoring. This report describes the interpretation of atypical signal patterns encountered using BCR-ABL dual colour dual fusion fluorescence in situ hybridisation (D-FISH) translocation probes in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). METHODS Interphase FISH experiments were carried out using BCR-ABL D-FISH probes in 46 patients with CML at diagnosis and during subsequent disease monitoring. Atypical hybridisation signal patterns were characterised by molecular cytogenetic techniques and correlated with conventional karyotyping. RESULTS Two patients showed atypical interphase D-FISH patterns with one orange, one green, and one fusion (1O1G1F) signal. The presence of BCR-ABL gene fusion was documented by a dual colour single fusion (S-FISH) probe. The submicroscopic deletion of the ABL-BCR fusion gene on the derivative chromosome 9 in these cases was subsequently characterised by metaphase FISH on relocated G banded metaphases. CONCLUSIONS Atypical interphase D-FISH patterns should not be interpreted in isolation and should be considered in conjunction with other cytogenetic or molecular genetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S K Wan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China
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