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He L, Luo J, Niu S, Bai D, Chen Y. Population structure analysis to explore genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of wild tea plant in Guizhou Plateau. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:255. [PMID: 37189087 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea, the second largest consumer beverage in the world after water, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. However, the effect of environmental factors on the distribution of wild tea plants is unclear. RESULTS A total of 159 wild tea plants were collected from different altitudes and geological types of the Guizhou Plateau. Using the genotyping-by-sequencing method, 98,241 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. Genetic diversity, population structure analysis, principal component analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and linkage disequilibrium were performed. The genetic diversity of the wild tea plant population from the Silicate Rock Classes of Camellia gymnogyna was higher than that from the Carbonate Rock Classes of Camellia tachangensis. In addition, the genetic diversity of wild tea plants from the second altitude gradient was significantly higher than that of wild tea plants from the third and first altitude gradients. Two inferred pure groups (GP01 and GP02) and one inferred admixture group (GP03) were identified by population structure analysis and were verified by principal component and phylogenetic analyses. The highest differentiation coefficients were determined for GP01 vs. GP02, while the lowest differentiation coefficients were determined for GP01 vs. GP03. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of wild tea plants in the Guizhou Plateau. There are significant differences in genetic diversity and evolutionary direction between Camellia tachangensis with Carbonate Rock Classes at the first altitude gradient and Camellia gymnogyna with Silicate Rock Classes at the third altitude gradient. Geological environment, soil mineral element content, soil pH, and altitude markedly contributed to the genetic differentiation between Camellia tachangensis and Camellia gymnogyna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin He
- College of Tea Science / Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Tea Science / Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Niu
- College of Tea Science / Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dingchen Bai
- College of Tea Science / Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- College of Tea Science / Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
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Zhang T, Meng J, Yang F, Li X, Yin X, Zhang J, He S. Genome-wide assessment of population genetic and demographic history in Magnolia odoratissima based on SLAF-seq. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhan XY, Yang JL, Sun H, Zhou X, Qian YC, Huang K, Leng Y, Huang B, He Y. Presence of Viable, Clinically Relevant Legionella Bacteria in Environmental Water and Soil Sources of China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0114021. [PMID: 35438512 PMCID: PMC9241679 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01140-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of pathogenic Legionella in the environmental soil and water of China has not been documented yet. In this study, Legionella was detected in 129 of 575 water (22.43%) and 41 of 442 soil samples (9.28%) by culture. Twelve Legionella species were identified, of which 11 were disease-associated. Of the Legionella-positive samples, 109 of 129 (84.50%) water and 29 of 41 (70.73%) soil were positive for L. pneumophila, which accounted for about 75% of Legionella isolates in both water and soil, suggesting L. pneumophila was the most frequent species. Soil showed a higher diversity of Legionella spp. as compared with water (0.6279 versus 0.4493). In contrast, serogroup (sg) 1 was more prevalent among L. pneumophila isolates from water than from soil (26.66% versus 12.21%). Moreover, many disease-associated sequence types (STs) of L. pneumophila were found in China. Intragenic recombination was acting on L. pneumophila from both water and soil. Phylogeny, population structure, and molecular evolution analyses revealed a probable existence of L. pneumophila isolates with a special genetic background that is more adaptable to soil or water sources and a small proportion of genetic difference between water and soil isolates. The detection of viable, clinically relevant Legionella demonstrates soil as another source for harboring and dissemination of pathogenic Legionella bacteria in China. Future research should assess the implication in public health with the presence of Legionella in the soil and illustrate the genetic and pathogenicity difference of Legionella between water and soil, particularly the most prevalent L. pneumophila. IMPORTANCE Pathogenic Legionella spp. is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease (LD), and L. pneumophila is the most common one. Most studies have focused on L. pneumophila from water and clinical samples. However, the soil is another important reservoir for this bacterium, and the distribution of Legionella spp. in water and soil sources has not been compared and documented in China yet. Discovering the distribution of Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila in the two environments may help a deep understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular evolution of the bacterium. Our research systematically uncovered the distributions of Legionella spp. in different regions and sources (e.g., water and soil) of China. Moreover, phylogeny, population structure, and molecular evolution study revealed the possible existence of L. pneumophila with a special genetic background that is more adaptable to soil or water sources, and genetic difference may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Zhan
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Lei Yang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Honghua Sun
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefu Zhou
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Chao Qian
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Huang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Leng
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bihui Huang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong He
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Christmas MJ, Biffin E, Breed MF, Lowe AJ. Finding needles in a genomic haystack: targeted capture identifies clear signatures of selection in a nonmodel plant species. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4216-33. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Christmas
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Ed Biffin
- State Herbarium of South Australia Hackney Road Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
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Christmas MJ, Biffin E, Lowe AJ. Transcriptome sequencing, annotation and polymorphism detection in the hop bush, Dodonaea viscosa. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:803. [PMID: 26474753 PMCID: PMC4609105 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hop bush, Dodonaea viscosa, is a trans-oceanic species distributed oversix continents. It evolved in Australia where it is found over a wide range of habitat types and is an ecologically important species. Limited genomic resources are currently available for this species, thus our understanding of its evolutionary history and ecological adaptation is restricted. Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptome dataset for future genomic studies into this species. Methods We performed Illumina sequencing of cDNA prepared from leaf tissue collected from seven populations of D. viscosa ssp. angustissima and spatulata distributed along an environmental gradient in South Australia. Sequenced reads were assembled to provide a transcriptome resource. Contiguous sequences (contigs) were annotated using BLAST searches against the NCBI non-redundant database and gene ontology definitions were assigned. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected for the establishment of a genetic marker set. A comparison between the two subspecies was also carried out. Results Illumina sequencing returned 268,672,818 sequence reads, which were de novoassembled into 105,125 contigs. Contigs with significant BLAST alignments (E value < 1e-5)numbered at 44,191, with 38,311 of these having their most significant hits to sequences from land plant species. Gene Ontology terms were assigned to 28,440 contigs and KEGG analysis identified 146 pathways that the gene products from 5,070 contigs are potentially involved in. The subspecies comparison identified 8,494 fixed SNP differences across 3,979 contiguous sequences, indicating a level of genetic differentiation between them. Across all samples, 248,235 SNPs were detected. Conclusions We have established a significant genomic data resource for D. viscosa,providing a comprehensive transcriptomic reference. Genetic differences among morphologically distinct subspecies were found. A wide range of putative gene regions were identified along with a large set of variable SNP markers, providing a basis for studies into the evolution and ecological adaptation of D. viscosa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1987-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Christmas
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
| | - Ed Biffin
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Lowe
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
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Maurel C, Boursiac Y, Luu DT, Santoni V, Shahzad Z, Verdoucq L. Aquaporins in Plants. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1321-58. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes of most living organisms. In plants, aquaporins occur as multiple isoforms reflecting a high diversity of cellular localizations, transport selectivity, and regulation properties. Plant aquaporins are localized in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, plastids and, in some species, in membrane compartments interacting with symbiotic organisms. Plant aquaporins can transport various physiological substrates in addition to water. Of particular relevance for plants is the transport of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia or metalloids such as boron and silicon. Structure-function studies are developed to address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of plant aquaporin gating and subcellular trafficking. Phosphorylation plays a central role in these two processes. These mechanisms allow aquaporin regulation in response to signaling intermediates such as cytosolic pH and calcium, and reactive oxygen species. Combined genetic and physiological approaches are now integrating this knowledge, showing that aquaporins play key roles in hydraulic regulation in roots and leaves, during drought but also in response to stimuli as diverse as flooding, nutrient availability, temperature, or light. A general hydraulic control of plant tissue expansion by aquaporins is emerging, and their role in key developmental processes (seed germination, emergence of lateral roots) has been established. Plants with genetically altered aquaporin functions are now tested for their ability to improve plant tolerance to stresses. In conclusion, research on aquaporins delineates ever expanding fields in plant integrative biology thereby establishing their crucial role in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Boursiac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Doan-Trung Luu
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Dillon S, McEvoy R, Baldwin DS, Southerton S, Campbell C, Parsons Y, Rees GN. Genetic diversity ofEucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. following population decline in response to drought and altered hydrological regime. AUSTRAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Dillon
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship; Acton Australian Capital Territory 2600 Australia
| | - Rachel McEvoy
- Department of Genetics; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Darren S. Baldwin
- Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre; Wodonga Victoria Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; Wodonga Victoria Australia
| | - Simon Southerton
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship; Acton Australian Capital Territory 2600 Australia
| | - Cherie Campbell
- Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre; Wodonga Victoria Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; Wodonga Victoria Australia
| | - Yvonne Parsons
- Department of Genetics; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Gavin N. Rees
- Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre; Wodonga Victoria Australia
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Dillon S, McEvoy R, Baldwin DS, Rees GN, Parsons Y, Southerton S. Characterisation of adaptive genetic diversity in environmentally contrasted populations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (river red gum). PLoS One 2014; 9:e103515. [PMID: 25093589 PMCID: PMC4122390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As an increasing number of ecosystems face departures from long standing environmental conditions under climate change, our understanding of the capacity of species to adapt will become important for directing conservation and management of biodiversity. Insights into the potential for genetic adaptation might be gained by assessing genomic signatures of adaptation to historic or prevailing environmental conditions. The river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) is a widespread Australian eucalypt inhabiting riverine and floodplain habitats which spans strong environmental gradients. We investigated the effects of adaptation to environment on population level genetic diversity of E. camaldulensis, examining SNP variation in candidate gene loci sampled across 20 climatically diverse populations approximating the species natural distribution. Genetic differentiation among populations was high (F(ST) = 17%), exceeding previous estimates based on neutral markers. Complementary statistical approaches identified 6 SNP loci in four genes (COMT, Dehydrin, ERECTA and PIP2) which, after accounting for demographic effects, exhibited higher than expected levels of genetic differentiation among populations and whose allelic variation was associated with local environment. While this study employs but a small proportion of available diversity in the eucalyptus genome, it draws our attention to the potential for application of wide spread eucalypt species to test adaptive hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel McEvoy
- Department of Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren S. Baldwin
- Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre, Wodonga, VIC, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Wodonga, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin N. Rees
- Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre, Wodonga, VIC, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Wodonga, VIC, Australia
| | - Yvonne Parsons
- Department of Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Tang J, Yu X, Luo N, Xiao F, Camberato JJ, Jiang Y. Natural variation of salinity response, population structure and candidate genes associated with salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass accessions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:2021-2033. [PMID: 23566156 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation in salinity response, effects of population structure on growth and physiological traits and gene-trait association were examined in 56 global collections of diverse perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accessions. Three population structure groups were identified with 66 simple sequence repeat markers, which on average accounted for 9 and 11% of phenotypic variation for the control and salinity treatment at 300 mm NaCl. Group 1 (10 accessions) had greater plant height, leaf dry weight and water content, chlorophyll index, K(+) concentration and K(+) /Na(+) than group 2 (39 accessions) and group 3 (7 accessions) under salinity stress, while group 3 had higher Na(+) than groups 1 and 2. Eighty-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected from four partial candidate genes encoding aquaporin and Na(+) /H(+) antiporter in both plasma and tonoplast membranes. Overall, rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium was observed within 500 bp. Significant associations were found between the putative LpTIP1 and Na(+) for the control and between the putative LpNHX1 and K(+) /Na(+) under the control and salinity treatments after controlling population structure. These results indicate that population structure influenced phenotypic traits, and allelic variation in LpNHX1 may affect salinity tolerance of perennial ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchi Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Audigeos D, Brousseau L, Traissac S, Scotti-Saintagne C, Scotti I. Molecular divergence in tropical tree populations occupying environmental mosaics. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:529-44. [PMID: 23286313 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unveiling the genetic basis of local adaptation to environmental variation is a major goal in molecular ecology. In rugged landscapes characterized by environmental mosaics, living populations and communities can experience steep ecological gradients over very short geographical distances. In lowland tropical forests, interspecific divergence in edaphic specialization (for seasonally flooded bottomlands and seasonally dry terra firme soils) has been proven by ecological studies on adaptive traits. Some species are nevertheless capable of covering the entire span of the gradient; intraspecific variation for adaptation to contrasting conditions may explain the distribution of such ecological generalists. We investigated whether local divergence happens at small spatial scales in two stands of Eperua falcata (Fabaceae), a widespread tree species of the Guiana Shield. We investigated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) and sequence divergence as well as spatial genetic structure (SGS) at four genes putatively involved in stress response and three genes with unknown function. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among sub-populations within stands, and eight SNP loci showed patterns compatible with disruptive selection. SGS analysis showed genetic turnover along the gradients at three loci, and at least one haplotype was found to be in repulsion with one habitat. Taken together, these results suggest genetic differentiation at small spatial scale in spite of gene flow. We hypothesize that heterogeneous environments may cause molecular divergence, possibly associated to local adaptation in E. falcata.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Audigeos
- INRA UMR 0745 EcoFoG ('Ecologie des forêts de Guyane'), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana, (France)
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Rasheed-Depardieu C, Parent C, Crèvecoeur M, Parelle J, Tatin-Froux F, Le Provost G, Capelli N. Identification and expression of nine oak aquaporin genes in the primary root axis of two oak species, Quercus petraea and Quercus robur. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51838. [PMID: 23284785 PMCID: PMC3524086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) belong to the Major Intrinsic Protein family that conducts water and other small solutes across biological membranes. This study aimed to identify and characterize AQP genes in the primary root axis of two oak species, Quercus petraea and Quercus robur. Nine putative AQP genes were cloned, and their expression was profiled in different developmental root zones by real-time PCR. A detailed examination of the predicted amino acid sequences and subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated AQPs could be divided into two subfamilies, which included six plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and three tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs). We characterized the anatomical features of the roots and defined three developmental root zones: the immature, transition and mature zones. Expression analysis of the AQPs was performed according to these root developmental stages. Our results showed that the expression of PIP2;3 and TIP1 was significantly higher in Quercus petraea compared with Quercus robur in the three root zones. However, PIP2;1 and TIP2;1 were found to be differentially expressed in the mature zone of the two oak species. Of the nine AQP genes identified and analyzed, we highlighted four genes that might facilitate a deeper understanding of how these two closely related tree species adapted to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Parent
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Besançon, France
| | - Michèle Crèvecoeur
- Département de Botanique et Biologie végétale, Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - Julien Parelle
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Besançon, France
| | | | - Grégoire Le Provost
- UMR 1202 BIOGECO, INRA, Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Talence, France
| | - Nicolas Capelli
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Besançon, France
- * E-mail:
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