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Obaldía N. The human malaria- Aotus monkey model: a historical perspective in antimalarial chemotherapy research at the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory-Panama. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0033824. [PMID: 38837364 PMCID: PMC11232403 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00338-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The human malaria-Aotus monkey model has served the malaria research community since its inception in 1966 at the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory (GML) in Panama. Spanning over five decades, this model has been instrumental in evaluating the in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics of a wide array of candidate antimalarial drugs, whether used singly or in combination. The animal model could be infected with drug-resistant and susceptible Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax strains that follow a characteristic and reproducible course of infection, remarkably like human untreated and treated infections. Over the years, the model has enabled the evaluation of several synthetic and semisynthetic endoperoxides, for instance, artelinic acid, artesunate, artemether, arteether, and artemisone. These compounds have been evaluated alone and in combination with long-acting partner drugs, commonly referred to as artemisinin-based combination therapies, which are recommended as first-line treatment against uncomplicated malaria. Further, the model has also supported the evaluation of the primaquine analog tafenoquine against blood stages of P. vivax, contributing to its progression to clinical trials and eventual approval. Besides, the P. falciparum/Aotus model at GML has also played a pivotal role in exploring the biology, immunology, and pathogenesis of malaria and in the characterization of drug-resistant P. falciparum and P. vivax strains. This minireview offers a historical overview of the most significant contributions made by the Panamanian owl monkey (Aotus lemurinus lemurinus) to malaria chemotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicanor Obaldía
- Center for the Evaluation of Antimalarial Drugs and Vaccines, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Storer JM, Walker JA, Rewerts LC, Brown MA, Beckstrom TO, Herke SW, Roos C, Batzer MA. Owl Monkey Alu Insertion Polymorphisms and Aotus Phylogenetics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2069. [PMID: 36360306 PMCID: PMC9691001 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owl monkeys (genus Aotus), or "night monkeys" are platyrrhine primates in the Aotidae family. Early taxonomy only recognized one species, Aotus trivirgatus, until 1983, when Hershkovitz proposed nine unique species designations, classified into red-necked and gray-necked species groups based predominately on pelage coloration. Recent studies questioned this conventional separation of the genus and proposed designations based on the geographical location of wild populations. Alu retrotransposons are a class of mobile element insertion (MEI) widely used to study primate phylogenetics. A scaffold-level genome assembly for one Aotus species, Aotus nancymaae [Anan_2.0], facilitated large-scale ascertainment of nearly 2000 young lineage-specific Alu insertions. This study provides candidate oligonucleotides for locus-specific PCR assays for over 1350 of these elements. For 314 Alu elements across four taxa with multiple specimens, PCR analyses identified 159 insertion polymorphisms, including 21 grouping A. nancymaae and Aotus azarae (red-necked species) as sister taxa, with Aotus vociferans and A. trivirgatus (gray-necked) being more basal. DNA sequencing identified five novel Alu elements from three different taxa. The Alu datasets reported in this study will assist in species identification and provide a valuable resource for Aotus phylogenetics, population genetics and conservation strategies when applied to wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Storer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jerilyn A. Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Lydia C. Rewerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Morgan A. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas O. Beckstrom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building B-241, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Scott W. Herke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark A. Batzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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3
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Perea-Rodríguez JP, Corley MK, de la Iglesia H, Fernandez-Duque E. Thermoenergetic challenges and daytime behavioural patterns of a wild cathemeral mammal. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Martins-Junior AM, Sampaio I, Silva A, Boubli J, Hrbek T, Farias I, Ruiz-García M, Schneider H. Out of the shadows: Multilocus systematics and biogeography of night monkeys suggest a Central Amazonian origin and a very recent widespread southeastward expansion in South America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 170:107426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Helenbrook WD, Valdez JW. Species distribution and conservation assessment of the black-headed night monkey (Aotus nigriceps): a species of Least Concern that faces widespread anthropogenic threats. Primates 2021; 62:817-825. [PMID: 34117595 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon have been steadily increasing since 2007. Recent government policy, the projected growth of agriculture, and the expansion of the cattle industry are expected to further pressure primates within the Amazon basin. In this study, we examined the anthropogenic impact on the widely distributed black-headed night monkey, Aotus nigriceps, whose distribution and population status have yet to be assessed. We (1) modeled potential species distribution in A. nigriceps, (2) estimated the impact of habitat loss on population trends, and (3) highlight landscape-based conservation actions that maximize the potential for their long-term sustainability. We found the black-headed night monkey to be restricted by several biotic and environmental factors including forest cover, isothermality, precipitation, temperature, and elevation. Over the last two decades, over 132,908 km2 of tree cover (18%) has been lost within their currently recognized range based on satellite imagery. Based on a balance training omission, predicted area, and threshold values (BPTP), suitable habitat was only 67% (1,069,948 km2) of their hypothesized range, a loss of 16.5% from 2000, with just nearly a third of suitable habitat currently within protected areas. Over the last two decades, an estimated minimum 1.6 million individuals have been lost due to loss of suitable habitat. Projected deforestation rates equate to an additional loss of 94,458 km2 of suitable habitat over the next decade. Although classified as a species of Least Concern, we suggest that A. nigriceps may likely be more at risk than previously described. The future impact of the continued expansion of monoculture crops, cattle ranching, and wildfires is still unknown. However, we outline several steps to ensure the long-term viability of this nocturnal primate and other sympatric species throughout the Amazon Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Helenbrook
- Neotropical Division, Tropical Conservation Fund, 760 Parkside Trl NW, Marietta, GA, 30064, USA. .,State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Jose W Valdez
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Tanabe H, Kusakabe KT, Imai H, Yokota SI, Kuraishi T, Hattori S, Kai C, Koga A. The Heterochromatin Block That Functions as a Rod Cell Microlens in Owl Monkeys Formed within a 15-Myr Time Span. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6127177. [PMID: 33533923 PMCID: PMC7991628 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In rod cells of many nocturnal mammals, heterochromatin localizes to the central region of the nucleus and serves as a lens to send light efficiently to the photoreceptor region. The genus Aotus (owl monkeys) is commonly considered to have undergone a shift from diurnal to nocturnal lifestyle. We recently demonstrated that rod cells of the Aotus species Aotus azarae possess a heterochromatin block at the center of its nucleus. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the time span in which the formation of the heterochromatin block took place. We performed three-dimensional hybridization analysis of the rod cell of another species, Aotus lemurinus. This analysis revealed the presence of a heterochromatin block that consisted of the same DNA components as those in A. azarae. These results indicate that the formation was complete at or before the separation of the two species. Based on the commonly accepted evolutionary history of New World monkeys and specifically of owl monkeys, the time span for the entire formation process was estimated to be 15 Myr at most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Tanabe
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan
| | - Ken Takeshi Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuraishi
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shosaku Hattori
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kagoshima, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Koga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
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7
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Molecular systematics of the genus Necromys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) reveals two cryptic and syntopic species in western Cerrado of Brazil. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Storer JM, Mierl JR, Brantley SA, Threeton B, Sukharutski Y, Rewerts LC, St Romain CP, Foreman MM, Baker JN, Walker JA, Orkin JD, Melin AD, Phillips KA, Konkel MK, Batzer MA. Amplification Dynamics of Platy-1 Retrotransposons in the Cebidae Platyrrhine Lineage. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1105-1116. [PMID: 30888417 PMCID: PMC6464705 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platy-1 elements are Platyrrhine-specific, short interspersed elements originally discovered in the Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) genome. To date, only the marmoset genome has been analyzed for Platy-1 repeat content. Here, we report full-length Platy-1 insertions in other New World monkey (NWM) genomes (Saimiri boliviensis, squirrel monkey; Cebus imitator, capuchin monkey; and Aotus nancymaae, owl monkey) and analyze the amplification dynamics of lineage-specific Platy-1 insertions. A relatively small number of full-length and lineage-specific Platy-1 elements were found in the squirrel, capuchin, and owl monkey genomes compared with the marmoset genome. In addition, only a few older Platy-1 subfamilies were recovered in this study, with no Platy-1 subfamilies younger than Platy-1-6. By contrast, 62 Platy-1 subfamilies were discovered in the marmoset genome. All of the lineage-specific insertions found in the squirrel and capuchin monkeys were fixed present. However, ∼15% of the lineage-specific Platy-1 loci in Aotus were polymorphic for insertion presence/absence. In addition, two new Platy-1 subfamilies were identified in the owl monkey genome with low nucleotide divergences compared with their respective consensus sequences, suggesting minimal ongoing retrotransposition in the Aotus genus and no current activity in the Saimiri, Cebus, and Sapajus genera. These comparative analyses highlight the finding that the high number of Platy-1 elements discovered in the marmoset genome is an exception among NWM analyzed thus far, rather than the rule. Future studies are needed to expand upon our knowledge of Platy-1 amplification in other NWM genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson R Mierl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
| | | | | | | | - Lydia C Rewerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
| | | | | | - Jasmine N Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
| | | | - Joseph D Orkin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology & Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda D Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology & Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kimberley A Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Miriam K Konkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University.,Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University
| | - Mark A Batzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
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9
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Schrago CG, Seuánez HN. Large ancestral effective population size explains the difficult phylogenetic placement of owl monkeys. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22955. [PMID: 30779198 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The phylogenetic position of owl monkeys, grouped in the genus Aotus, has been a controversial issue for understanding Neotropical primate evolution. Explanations of the difficult phylogenetic assignment of owl monkeys have been elusive, frequently relying on insufficient data (stochastic error) or scenarios of rapid speciation (adaptive radiation) events. Using a coalescent-based approach, we explored the population-level mechanisms likely explaining these topological discrepancies. We examined the topological variance of 2,192 orthologous genes shared between representatives of the three major Cebidae lineages and the outgroup. By employing a methodological framework that allows for reticulated tree topologies, our analysis explicitly tested for non-dichotomous evolutionary processes impacting the finding of the position of owl monkeys in the cebid phylogeny. Our findings indicated that Aotus is a sister lineage of the callitrichines. Most gene trees (>50%) failed to recover the species tree topology, although the distribution of gene trees mismatching the true species topology followed the standard expectation of the multispecies coalescent without reticulation. We showed that the large effective population size of the common ancestor of Aotus and callitrichines was the most likely factor responsible for generating phylogenetic uncertainty. On the other hand, fast speciation scenarios or introgression played minor roles. We propose that the difficult phylogenetic placement of Aotus is explained by population-level processes associated with the large ancestral effective size. These results shed light on the biogeography of the early cebid diversification in the Miocene, highlighting the relevance of evaluating phylogenetic relationships employing population-aware approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Schrago
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hector N Seuánez
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Division of Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Püschel TA, Gladman JT, Bobe R, Sellers WI. The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives. J Hum Evol 2017; 111:179-201. [PMID: 28874270 PMCID: PMC5603972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platyrrhines are a diverse group of primates that presently occupy a broad range of tropical-equatorial environments in the Americas. However, most of the fossil platyrrhine species of the early Miocene have been found at middle and high latitudes. Although the fossil record of New World monkeys has improved considerably over the past several years, it is still difficult to trace the origin of major modern clades. One of the most commonly preserved anatomical structures of early platyrrhines is the talus. This work provides an analysis of the phenetic affinities of extant platyrrhine tali and their Miocene counterparts through geometric morphometrics and a series of phylogenetic comparative analyses. Geometric morphometrics was used to quantify talar shape affinities, while locomotor mode percentages (LMPs) were used to test if talar shape is associated with locomotion. Comparative analyses were used to test if there was convergence in talar morphology, as well as different models that could explain the evolution of talar shape and size in platyrrhines. Body mass predictions for the fossil sample were also computed using the available articular surfaces. The results showed that most analyzed fossils exhibit a generalized morphology that is similar to some 'generalist' modern species. It was found that talar shape covaries with LMPs, thus allowing the inference of locomotion from talar morphology. The results further suggest that talar shape diversification can be explained by invoking a model of shifts in adaptive peak to three optima representing a phylogenetic hypothesis in which each platyrrhine family occupied a separate adaptive peak. The analyses indicate that platyrrhine talar centroid size diversification was characterized by an early differentiation related to a multidimensional niche model. Finally, the ancestral platyrrhine condition was reconstructed as a medium-sized, generalized, arboreal, quadruped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Püschel
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Justin T Gladman
- Department of Anthropology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA; NYCEP, New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - René Bobe
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William I Sellers
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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11
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Cezar AM, Pessoa LM, Bonvicino CR. Morphological and genetic diversity in Callithrix hybrids in an anthropogenic area in southeastern Brazil (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae). ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.34.e14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two species of Callithrix, C. jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) and C. penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812), are considered invasive in Rio de Janeiro. This study determined the genetic and morphological diversity and verified the species involved in the hybridization of 10 individuals from the municipalities of Silva Jardim (N = 9) and Rio das Ostras (N = 1). We compared the external morphology and skull of C. jacchus (N = 15) and C. penicillata (N = 14) specimens deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MN- UFRJ). Phylogenetic (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) and phylogeographical analyses (network analysis) were performed based on cytochrome b sequences. These analyses included hybrids from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (N = 3), C. penicillata (N = 2), C. jacchus (N = 2), C. geoffroyi (N = 2), C. kuhlii (N = 2), C. aurita (N = 1), and as outgroups, Mico emiliae (N = 1) and Saguinus mystax (N = 1). The pelage and skull characters of most hybrids were more closely related to C. jacchus. Skull morphometric analysis revealed an intermediate state for the hybrids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a high similarity between the hybrids and C. penicillata. Six haplotypes of hybrids were identified. Network analysis including them and C. penicillata recovered the topology generated by phylogenetic analysis. The results corroborate that C. jacchus and C. penicillata participate in the hybridization process. There was no geographic structure between hybrids from the coastal lowlands and from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro.
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12
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Interspecific Chromosome Painting Provides Clues to the Ancestral Karyotype of the New World Monkey Genus Aotus. J MAMM EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-017-9403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Hirai H, Hirai Y, Morimoto M, Kaneko A, Kamanaka Y, Koga A. Night Monkey Hybrids Exhibit De Novo Genomic and Karyotypic Alterations: The First Such Case in Primates. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:945-955. [PMID: 28369492 PMCID: PMC5388293 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using molecular chromosomal analyses, we discovered night monkey hybrids produced in captivity from matings between a female Aotus azarae boliviensis (2n = 50) and a male Aotus lemurinus griseimembra (2n = 53). The parents produced seven offspring in total, including one male and six females-a pattern consistent with Haldane's rule. Chromosomal studies were conducted on four of the hybrid offspring. Two of them showed relatively "simple" mixture karyotypes, including different chromosome numbers (2n = 51, 52), which were formed because of a heteromorphic autosome pair in the father (n = 26, 27). The other two hybrid monkeys exhibited de novo genomic and karyotypic alterations. Detailed analysis of the alterations revealed that one individual carried a mixture karyotype of the two parental species and an X chromosome trisomy (53,XXX). The second individual displayed trisomy of chromosome 18 (52,XX,+18) and a reciprocal translocation between autosomes 21 and 23 (52,XX,+18,t(21;23)). Interestingly, the second monkey exhibited mosaicism among blood cells (mos52,XX,+18[87]/52,XX,+18,t(21;23)[85]), but only a single karyotype (52,XX,+18) in skin fibroblast cells. The X- and 18-trisomies were derived from a doubling of the mother's chromosomes in early embryonic cell division, and the reciprocal translocation likely developed in the bone marrow of the offspring, considering that it was observed only in blood cells. Such occurrence of trisomies in hybrid individuals is a unique finding in placental mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuriko Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mayumi Morimoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kamanaka
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Koga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
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14
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Chaves RH, Souza NF, Muniz JA, Imbeloni AA, Neves AC, K.C.Teixeira R. Influência de diferentes protocolos de contenção nosvalores do eletrocardiograma de macacos-da-noite (Aotus azarae infulatus). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Macacos-da-noite são muito susceptíveis ao estresse e por isso a contenção química ou física deve ser cuidadosamente avaliada antes de qualquer procedimento. Protocolos anestésicos podem alterar alguns parâmetros fisiológicos, sendo o eletrocardiograma (ECG) um exame muito utilizado para avaliação do ritmo e da frequência cardíaca. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de quatro diferentes protocolos de contenção sobre o ECG realizado em Aotus azarae infulatus. Para isso foram utilizados 10 animais, machos, adultos, submetidos à contenção com a associação tiletamina/zolazepam (TZ), isoflurano (ISO), associação cetamina e midazolam (CET) e contenção física (CF). Não foram observadas diferenças nos parâmetros de ondas e complexos obtidos no ECG em todos os grupos testados, no entanto, durante a avaliação do traçado os animais do grupo CF apresentaram uma quantidade maior de alterações. Concluiu-se que os protocolos de contenção utilizados não alteraram os valores do ECG e que não foi possível considerar o grupo CF como controle devido causar mais alterações do que todos os protocolos testados.
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15
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Dumas F, Cuttaia H, Sineo L. Chromosomal distribution of interstitial telomeric sequences in nine neotropical primates (Platyrrhini): possible implications in evolution and phylogeny. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Dumas
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Helenia Cuttaia
- Azienda ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia - Cervello; Laboratorio di Citogenetica Medica; Palermo Italy
| | - Luca Sineo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi Palermo; Palermo Italy
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16
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Chaves RHDF, Souza NFD, Imbeloni AA, Neves ACDS, Teixeira RKC, Santos CDCD. Evaluation of blood pressure in feline night monkeys (Aotus azarae infulatus
) under different restraint protocols. J Med Primatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazaré Fonseca de Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA); Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal (ISPA); Pará Brazil
| | - Aline Amaral Imbeloni
- Centro Nacional de Primatas (CENP); Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS); Ministério da Saúde(MS); Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | | | - Renan Kleber Costa Teixeira
- Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA); Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS) Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental (LCE); Belém Pará Brazil
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Abstract
The world of primate genomics is expanding rapidly in new and exciting ways owing to lowered costs and new technologies in molecular methods and bioinformatics. The primate order is composed of 78 genera and 478 species, including human. Taxonomic inferences are complex and likely a consequence of ongoing hybridization, introgression, and reticulate evolution among closely related taxa. Recently, we applied large-scale sequencing methods and extensive taxon sampling to generate a highly resolved phylogeny that affirms, reforms, and extends previous depictions of primate speciation. The next stage of research uses this phylogeny as a foundation for investigating genome content, structure, and evolution across primates. Ongoing and future applications of a robust primate phylogeny are discussed, highlighting advancements in adaptive evolution of genes and genomes, taxonomy and conservation management of endangered species, next-generation genomic technologies, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Pecon-Slattery
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702; Current Affiliation: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia 22630;
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Moritz GL, Melin AD, Tuh Yit Yu F, Bernard H, Ong PS, Dominy NJ. Niche convergence suggests functionality of the nocturnal fovea. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:61. [PMID: 25120441 PMCID: PMC4110675 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fovea is a declivity of the retinal surface associated with maximum visual acuity. Foveae are widespread across vertebrates, but among mammals they are restricted to haplorhine primates (tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans), which are primarily diurnal. Thus primates have long contributed to the view that foveae are functional adaptations to diurnality. The foveae of tarsiers, which are nocturnal, are widely interpreted as vestigial traits and therefore evidence of a diurnal ancestry. This enduring premise is central to adaptive hypotheses on the origins of anthropoid primates; however, the question of whether tarsier foveae are functionless anachronisms or nocturnal adaptations remains open. To explore this question, we compared the diets of tarsiers (Tarsius) and scops owls (Otus), taxa united by numerous anatomical homoplasies, including foveate vision. A functional interpretation of these homoplasies predicts dietary convergence. We tested this prediction by analyzing stable isotope ratios that integrate dietary information. In Borneo and the Philippines, the stable carbon isotope compositions of Tarsius and Otus were indistinguishable, whereas the stable nitrogen isotope composition of Otus was marginally higher than that of Tarsius. Our results indicate that species in both genera consumed mainly ground-dwelling prey. Taken together, our findings support a functional interpretation of the many homoplasies shared by tarsiers and scops owls, including a retinal fovea. We suggest that the fovea might function similarly in tarsiers and scops owls by calibrating the auditory localization pathway. The integration of auditory localization and visual fixation during prey detection and acquisition might be critical at low light levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L. Moritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Class of 1978 Life Sciences Center, Dartmouth CollegeHanover, NH, USA
| | - Amanda D. Melin
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. LouisMO, USA
| | - Fred Tuh Yit Yu
- Research and Education Division, Zoology and EntomologyKota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Perry S. Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines DilimanQuezon City, Philippines
| | - Nathaniel J. Dominy
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Class of 1978 Life Sciences Center, Dartmouth CollegeHanover, NH, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth CollegeHanover, NH, USA
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19
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López C, Suárez CF, Cadavid LF, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA. Characterising a microsatellite for DRB typing in Aotus vociferans and Aotus nancymaae (Platyrrhini). PLoS One 2014; 9:e96973. [PMID: 24820773 PMCID: PMC4018467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates belonging to the Aotus genus have been shown to be excellent experimental models for evaluating drugs and vaccine candidates against malaria and other human diseases. The immune system of this animal model must be characterised to assess whether the results obtained here can be extrapolated to humans. Class I and II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are amongst the most important molecules involved in response to pathogens; in spite of this, the techniques available for genotyping these molecules are usually expensive and/or time-consuming. Previous studies have reported MHC-DRB class II gene typing by microsatellite in Old World primates and humans, showing that such technique provides a fast, reliable and effective alternative to the commonly used ones. Based on this information, a microsatellite present in MHC-DRB intron 2 and its evolutionary patterns were identified in two Aotus species (A. vociferans and A. nancymaae), as well as its potential for genotyping class II MHC-DRB in these primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- MSc Microbiology Programme, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Carlos F. Suárez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Luis F. Cadavid
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Manuel E. Patarroyo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Manuel A. Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Jameson Kiesling NM, Yi SV, Xu K, Gianluca Sperone F, Wildman DE. The tempo and mode of New World monkey evolution and biogeography in the context of phylogenomic analysis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 82 Pt B:386-99. [PMID: 24792088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development and evolution of organisms is heavily influenced by their environment. Thus, understanding the historical biogeography of taxa can provide insights into their evolutionary history, adaptations and trade-offs realized throughout time. In the present study we have taken a phylogenomic approach to infer New World monkey phylogeny, upon which we have reconstructed the biogeographic history of extant platyrrhines. In order to generate sufficient phylogenetic signal within the New World monkey clade, we carried out a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of approximately 40 kb of non-genic genomic DNA sequence in a 36 species subset of extant New World monkeys. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis all converged on a single optimal tree topology. Divergence dating and biogeographic analysis reconstruct the timing and geographic location of divergence events. The ancestral area reconstruction describes the geographic locations of the last common ancestor of extant platyrrhines and provides insight into key biogeographic events occurring during platyrrhine diversification. Through these analyses we conclude that the diversification of the platyrrhines took place concurrently with the establishment and diversification of the Amazon rainforest. This suggests that an expanding rainforest environment rather than geographic isolation drove platyrrhine diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soojin V Yi
- School of Biology, Institute of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Institute of Biosystems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Biology, Institute of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Institute of Biosystems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - F Gianluca Sperone
- Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Computational Genomic Medicine, Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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21
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Galante R, Muniz JA, Castro PH, Amora DS, Gris VN, Carvalho ER, Vilani RG. Continuous infusion of propofol or intermittent bolus of tiletamine-zolazepam in feline night monkeys (Aotus infulatus
). J Med Primatol 2013; 43:22-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Galante
- Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - José A.P.C. Muniz
- National Primate Center; Evandro Chagas Institute; Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Brazil
| | - Paulo H.G. Castro
- National Primate Center; Evandro Chagas Institute; Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Brazil
| | - Dorli S. Amora
- Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - Vanessa N. Gris
- Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - Elizabeth R. Carvalho
- Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - Ricardo G.D′O.C. Vilani
- Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
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Identification and diversity of killer cell Ig-like receptors in Aotus vociferans, a New World monkey. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79731. [PMID: 24223188 PMCID: PMC3819253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous BAC clone analysis of the Platyrrhini owl monkey KIRs have shown an unusual genetic structure in some loci. Therefore, cDNAs encoding KIR molecules from eleven Aotus vociferans monkeys were characterized here; ten putative KIR loci were found, some of which encoded atypical proteins such as KIR4DL and transcripts predicted to encode a D0+D1 configuration (AOTVOKIR2DL1*01v1) which appear to be unique in the Aotus genus. Furthermore, alternative splicing was found as a likely mechanism for producing activator receptors in A. vociferans species. KIR proteins from New World monkeys may be split into three new lineages according to domain by domain phylogenetic analysis. Although the A. vociferans KIR family displayed a high divergence among paralogous genes, individual loci were limited in their genetic polymorphism. Selection analysis showed that both constrained and rapid evolution may operate within the AvKIR family. The frequent alternative splicing (as a likely mechanism generating activator receptors), the presence of KIR4DL and KIR2DL1 (D0+D1) molecules and other data reported here suggest that the KIR family in Aotus has had a rapid evolution, independent from its Catarrhini counterparts.
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23
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Faria MB, Nascimento FF, de Oliveira JA, Bonvicino CR. Biogeographic Determinants of Genetic Diversification in the Mouse Opossum Gracilinanus agilis (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae). J Hered 2013; 104:613-26. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Muniz CP, Troncoso LL, Moreira MA, Soares EA, Pissinatti A, Bonvicino CR, Seuánez HN, Sharma B, Jia H, Shankar A, Switzer WM, Santos AF, Soares MA. Identification and characterization of highly divergent simian foamy viruses in a wide range of new world primates from Brazil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67568. [PMID: 23844033 PMCID: PMC3701081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Foamy viruses naturally infect a wide range of mammals, including Old World (OWP) and New World primates (NWP), which are collectively called simian foamy viruses (SFV). While NWP species in Central and South America are highly diverse, only SFV from captive marmoset, spider monkey, and squirrel monkey have been genetically characterized and the molecular epidemiology of SFV infection in NWPs remains unknown. We tested a large collection of genomic DNA (n = 332) comprising 14 genera of NWP species for the presence of SFV polymerase (pol) sequences using generic PCR primers. Further molecular characterization of positive samples was carried out by LTR-gag and larger pol sequence analysis. We identified novel SFVs infecting nine NWP genera. Prevalence rates varied between 14-30% in different species for which at least 10 specimens were tested. High SFV genetic diversity among NWP up to 50% in LTR-gag and 40% in pol was revealed by intragenus and intrafamilial comparisons. Two different SFV strains infecting two captive yellow-breasted capuchins did not group in species-specific lineages but rather clustered with SFVs from marmoset and spider monkeys, indicating independent cross-species transmission events. We describe the first SFV epidemiology study of NWP, and the first evidence of SFV infection in wild NWPs. We also document a wide distribution of distinct SFVs in 14 NWP genera, including two novel co-speciating SFVs in capuchins and howler monkeys, suggestive of an ancient evolutionary history in NWPs for at least 28 million years. A high SFV genetic diversity was seen among NWP, yet these viruses seem able to jump between NWP species and even genera. Our results raise concerns for the risk of zoonotic transmission of NWP SFV to humans as these primates are regularly hunted for food or kept as pets in forest regions of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia P. Muniz
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lian L. Troncoso
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miguel A. Moreira
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Esmeralda A. Soares
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cibele R. Bonvicino
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Héctor N. Seuánez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Hongwei Jia
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anupama Shankar
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William M. Switzer
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - André F. Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Soares
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Joffe B, Peichl L, Hendrickson A, Leonhardt H, Solovei I. Diurnality and Nocturnality in Primates: An Analysis from the Rod Photoreceptor Nuclei Perspective. Evol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-013-9240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Losses of functional opsin genes, short-wavelength cone photopigments, and color vision--a significant trend in the evolution of mammalian vision. Vis Neurosci 2013; 30:39-53. [PMID: 23286388 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523812000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
All mammalian cone photopigments are derived from the operation of representatives from two opsin gene families (SWS1 and LWS in marsupial and eutherian mammals; SWS2 and LWS in monotremes), a process that produces cone pigments with respective peak sensitivities in the short and middle-to-long wavelengths. With the exception of a number of primate taxa, the modal pattern for mammals is to have two types of cone photopigment, one drawn from each of the gene families. In recent years, it has been discovered that the SWS1 opsin genes of a widely divergent collection of eutherian mammals have accumulated mutational changes that render them nonfunctional. This alteration reduces the retinal complements of these species to a single cone type, thus rendering ordinary color vision impossible. At present, several dozen species from five mammalian orders have been identified as falling into this category, but the total number of mammalian species that have lost short-wavelength cones in this way is certain to be much larger, perhaps reaching as high as 10% of all species. A number of circumstances that might be used to explain this widespread cone loss can be identified. Among these, the single consistent fact is that the species so affected are nocturnal or, if they are not technically nocturnal, they at least feature retinal organizations that are typically associated with that lifestyle. At the same time, however, there are many nocturnal mammals that retain functional short-wavelength cones. Nocturnality thus appears to set the stage for loss of functional SWS1 opsin genes in mammals, but it cannot be the sole circumstance.
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Springer MS, Meredith RW, Gatesy J, Emerling CA, Park J, Rabosky DL, Stadler T, Steiner C, Ryder OA, Janečka JE, Fisher CA, Murphy WJ. Macroevolutionary dynamics and historical biogeography of primate diversification inferred from a species supermatrix. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49521. [PMID: 23166696 PMCID: PMC3500307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and patterns of biogeographic descent among primate species are both complex and contentious. Here, we generate a robust molecular phylogeny for 70 primate genera and 367 primate species based on a concatenation of 69 nuclear gene segments and ten mitochondrial gene sequences, most of which were extracted from GenBank. Relaxed clock analyses of divergence times with 14 fossil-calibrated nodes suggest that living Primates last shared a common ancestor 71-63 Ma, and that divergences within both Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini are entirely post-Cretaceous. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs played an important role in the diversification of placental mammals. Previous queries into primate historical biogeography have suggested Africa, Asia, Europe, or North America as the ancestral area of crown primates, but were based on methods that were coopted from phylogeny reconstruction. By contrast, we analyzed our molecular phylogeny with two methods that were developed explicitly for ancestral area reconstruction, and find support for the hypothesis that the most recent common ancestor of living Primates resided in Asia. Analyses of primate macroevolutionary dynamics provide support for a diversification rate increase in the late Miocene, possibly in response to elevated global mean temperatures, and are consistent with the fossil record. By contrast, diversification analyses failed to detect evidence for rate-shift changes near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary even though the fossil record provides clear evidence for a major turnover event ("Grande Coupure") at this time. Our results highlight the power and limitations of inferring diversification dynamics from molecular phylogenies, as well as the sensitivity of diversification analyses to different species concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Meredith
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - John Gatesy
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Emerling
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tanja Stadler
- Institut für Integrative Biologie, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Steiner
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Oliver A. Ryder
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jan E. Janečka
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Colleen A. Fisher
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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JAMESON NATALIEM, XU KE, YI SOOJINV, WILDMAN DEREKE. Development and annotation of shotgun sequence libraries from New World monkeys. Mol Ecol Resour 2012; 12:950-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NATALIE M. JAMESON
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48021, USA
| | - KE XU
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - SOOJIN V. YI
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - DEREK E. WILDMAN
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48021, USA
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31
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Babb PL, Fernandez-Duque E, Baiduc CA, Gagneux P, Evans S, Schurr TG. mtDNA diversity in azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarai azarai) of the Argentinean Chaco. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:209-24. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Voss RS, Fleck DW. Mammalian Diversity and Matses Ethnomammalogy in Amazonian Peru Part 1: Primates. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2011. [DOI: 10.1206/351.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nascimento FFD, Pereira LG, Geise L, Bezerra AMR, D'Andrea PS, Bonvicino CR. Colonization Process of the Brazilian Common Vesper Mouse, Calomys expulsus (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae): A Biogeographic Hypothesis. J Hered 2011; 102:260-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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34
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Stanyon R, Garofalo F, Steinberg ER, Capozzi O, Di Marco S, Nieves M, Archidiacono N, Mudry MD. Chromosome painting in two genera of South American monkeys: species identification, conservation, and management. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 134:40-50. [PMID: 21335958 DOI: 10.1159/000324415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies showed that a number of New World primate taxa, particularly the genera Alouatta, Aotus, and Callicebus, have highly derived karyotypes. Cytogenetics in these primates, at every level of analysis, has contributed to the recognition of species and revealed that their number was certainly underestimated by researchers relying solely on traditional morphological data. Further attention was drawn to Alouatta and Aotus because they are characterized by translocations of the Y chromosome to autosomes, generating multiple sex chromosome systems. Here we present a report on the hybridization of human chromosome-specific paints on metaphases from 4 individuals originally assigned to Alouatta caraya and 1 individual of Aotuslemurinus. This is only the third karyotype studied with chromosome painting out of more than 10 known karyomorphs in Aotus. The banded chromosomes matched those of karyotype II as defined by Ma et al. [1976a], and we were able to more precisely assign the origin of the sample to A. l. griseimembra. Our results on the Argentinean Alouatta caraya samples were generally comparable to the banding and hybridization pattern of previous studies of A. caraya including the presence of an X(1)X(1)X(2)X(2)/X(1)X(2)Y(1)Y(2) sex chromosome system. The karyotype of the Brazilian Alouatta sample labeled as A. caraya differs from the 3 Argentinean samples by at least 10 chromosome rearrangements. The diploid number, G banding, and hybridization pattern of this female cell line was almost identical to previous painting results on Alouatta guariba guariba. Therefore we must conclude that this cell line is actually from an A. guariba guariba individual. The contribution of cytogenetic tools in identifying species or in this case assigning individuals or cell lines to their precise taxonomic allocation is stressed. Gathering further molecular cytogenetic data on New World primates should be conservation and management priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stanyon
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica, Laboratori di Antropologia, Firenze, Italy.
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