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Sun X, Shu Y, Yan P, Huang H, Gao R, Xu M, Lu L, Tian J, Huang D, Zhang J. Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals that ATP6V0E2 is involved in the lysosomal activation by anlotinib. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:702. [PMID: 32839434 PMCID: PMC7445181 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anlotinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential anti-neoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. It has been approved for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Lysosomes are acidic organelles and have been implicated in various mechanisms of cancer therapeutics. However, the effect of anlotinib on lysosomal function has not been investigated. In the present study, anlotinib induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Through transcriptome sequencing, we found for the first time that anlotinib treatment upregulates ATP6V0E2 (ATPase H+ Transporting V0 Subunit E2) and other lysosome-related genes expression in human colon cancer. In human colon cancer, we validated that anlotinib activates lysosomal function and enhances the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Moreover, anlotinib treatment is shown to inhibit mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling and the activation of lysosomal function by anlotinib is mTOR dependent. Furthermore, anlotinib treatment activates TFEB, a key nuclear transcription factor that controls lysosome biogenesis and function. We found that anlotinib treatment promotes TFEB nuclear translocation and enhances its transcriptional activity. When TFEB or ATP6V0E2 are knocked down, the enhanced lysosomal function and autophagy by anlotinib are attenuated. Finally, inhibition of lysosomal function enhances anlotinib-induced cell death and tumor suppression, which may be attributed to high levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species). These findings suggest that the activation of lysosomal function protects against anlotinib-mediated cell apoptosis via regulating the cellular redox status. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of anlotinib on lysosomes, and this information could facilitate the development of potential novel cancer therapeutic agents that inhibit lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Shu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyi Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics and Center for Bioresources & Drug Discovery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- Institution of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Institute, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Institute, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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Saha N, Dutta S, Datta SP, Sarkar S. The minimal ESCRT machinery of Giardia lamblia has altered inter-subunit interactions within the ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 97:44-62. [PMID: 29224850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT pathway functions at different subcellular membranes to induce their negative curvature, and it has been largely characterized in model eukaryotes belonging to Opisthokonta. But searches of the genomes of many nonopisthokonts belonging to various supergroups indicate that some of them may harbour fewer ESCRT components. Of the genomes explored thus far, one of the most minimal set of ESCRT components was identified in the human pathogen Giardia lamblia, which belongs to Excavata. Here we report that an ESCRT-mediated pathway most likely operates at the peripheral vesicles, which are located at the cell periphery and the bare zone of this protist. Functional comparison of all the identified putative giardial ESCRT components, with the corresponding well-characterized orthologues from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, indicated that only some of the ESCRT components could functionally substitute for the corresponding yeast proteins. While GlVps25, GlVps2, and all three paralogues of GlVps4, tested positive in functional complementation assays, GlVps22, GlVps20, and GlVps24 did not. Binary interactions of either GlVps22 or GlVps25, with other ESCRT-II components from Giardia or yeast indicate that the giardial Vps36 orthologue is either completely missing or highly diverged. Interactions within the giardial ESCRT-III components also differ from those in yeast; while GlVps46a interacts preferentially with Vps24 compared to Vps2, GlVps46b, like the yeast orthologue, interacts with both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Road Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Road Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Shankari P Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Road Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Srimonti Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Road Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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Handschuh K, Feenstra J, Koss M, Ferretti E, Risolino M, Zewdu R, Sahai MA, Bénazet JD, Peng XP, Depew MJ, Quintana L, Sharpe J, Wang B, Alcorn H, Rivi R, Butcher S, Manak JR, Vaccari T, Weinstein H, Anderson KV, Lacy E, Selleri L. ESCRT-II/Vps25 constrains digit number by endosome-mediated selective modulation of FGF-SHH signaling. Cell Rep 2014; 9:674-87. [PMID: 25373905 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting and degradation of receptors and associated signaling molecules maintain homeostasis of conserved signaling pathways during cell specification and tissue development. Yet, whether machineries that sort signaling proteins act preferentially on different receptors and ligands in different contexts remains mysterious. Here, we show that Vacuolar protein sorting 25, Vps25, a component of ESCRT-II (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport II), directs preferential endosome-mediated modulation of FGF signaling in limbs. By ENU-induced mutagenesis, we isolated a polydactylous mouse line carrying a hypomorphic mutation of Vps25 (Vps25(ENU)). Unlike Vps25-null embryos we generated, Vps25(ENU/ENU) mutants survive until late gestation. Their limbs display FGF signaling enhancement and consequent hyperactivation of the FGF-SHH feedback loop causing polydactyly, whereas WNT and BMP signaling remain unperturbed. Notably, Vps25(ENU/ENU) Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts exhibit aberrant FGFR trafficking and degradation; however, SHH signaling is unperturbed. These studies establish that the ESCRT-II machinery selectively limits FGF signaling in vertebrate skeletal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Handschuh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jennifer Feenstra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Koss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maurizio Risolino
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rediet Zewdu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michelle A Sahai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Denis Bénazet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiao P Peng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Depew
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Othopaedic Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Laura Quintana
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Sharpe
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heather Alcorn
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roberta Rivi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen Butcher
- Departments of Biology and Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - J Robert Manak
- Departments of Biology and Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Harel Weinstein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kathryn V Anderson
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lacy
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Herman EK, Walker G, van der Giezen M, Dacks JB. Multivesicular bodies in the enigmatic amoeboflagellate Breviata anathema and the evolution of ESCRT 0. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:613-21. [PMID: 21266469 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.078436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are heteromeric protein complexes required for multivesicular body (MVB) morphogenesis. ESCRTs I, II, III and III-associated are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and presumably ancient in origin. ESCRT 0 recruits cargo to the MVB and appears to be opisthokont-specific, bringing into question aspects of the current model of ESCRT mechanism. One caveat to the restricted distribution of ESCRT 0 was the previous limited availability of amoebozoan genomes, the supergroup closest to opisthokonts. Here, we significantly expand the sampling of ESCRTs in Amoebozoa. Our electron micrographic and bioinformatics evidence confirm the presence of MVBs in the amoeboflagellate Breviata anathema. Searches of genomic databases of amoebozoans confirm the ubiquitous nature of ESCRTs I-III-associated and the restriction of ESCRT 0 to opisthokonts. Recently, an alternate ESCRT 0 complex, centering on Tom1 proteins, has been proposed. We determine the distribution of Tom1 family proteins across eukaryotes and show that the Tom1, Tom1L1 and Tom1L2 proteins are a vertebrate-specific expansion of the single Tom1 family ancestor, which has indeed been identified in at least one member of each of the major eukaryotic supergroups. This implies a more widely conserved and ancient role for the Tom1 family in endocytosis than previously suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Herman
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Leung KF, Dacks JB, Field MC. Evolution of the multivesicular body ESCRT machinery; retention across the eukaryotic lineage. Traffic 2008; 9:1698-716. [PMID: 18637903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal targeting of ubiquitylated endocytic cargo is mediated in part by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complexes, a system conserved between animals and fungi (Opisthokonta). Extensive comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that ESCRT factors are well conserved across the eukaryotic lineage and complexes I, II, III and III-associated are almost completely retained, indicating an early evolutionary origin. The conspicuous exception is ESCRT 0, which functions in recognition of ubiquitylated cargo, and is restricted to the Opisthokonta, suggesting that a distinct mechanism likely operates in the vast majority of eukaryotic organisms. Additional analysis suggests that ESCRT III and ESCRT III-associated components evolved through a concerted model. Functional conservation of the ESCRT system is confirmed by direct study in trypanosomes. Despite extreme sequence divergence, epitope-tagged ESCRT factors TbVps23 and TbVps28 localize to the endosomal pathway, placing the trypanosome multivesicular body (MVB) in juxtaposition to the early endosome and lysosome. Knockdown of TbVps23 partially prevents degradation of an ubiquitylated endocytosed transmembrane domain protein. Therefore, despite the absence of an ESCRT 0 complex, the trypanosome ESCRT/MVB system functions similarly to that of opisthokonts. Thus the ESCRT system is an ancient and well-conserved feature of eukaryotic cells but with key differences between diverse lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Fai Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
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