1
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Mason HD, Rose E, Gonzalez JE, O'Brien DA. Nocturnal surveys of lined seahorses reveal increased densities and seasonal recruitment patterns. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9573. [PMID: 36644702 PMCID: PMC9834011 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the nighttime ecology of organisms remains understudied, nocturnal surveys play an integral part in assessing fish assemblages and the selective forces shaping them. Eleuthera (Bahamas) contains an unusual population of lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) in an anchialine lake, possessing morphological characteristics distinct from those found in the ocean. Population surveys for seahorses and their potential predators were conducted at midnight and midday during wet and dry seasons, with belt transects perpendicular to the shoreline that increased in depth away from shore. Nocturnal surveys uncovered seahorse densities 259% higher than daytime transects on average. Sex ratios were consistently male-biased, and the frequency of animals from different reproductive categories varied significantly by time of day, with gravid males observed around the clock but females and nongravid males observed more often at night. Spatial and seasonal recruitment was detected for the first time in this species, with an increase in juveniles detected in the shallow ends of transects during dry season surveys. Juvenile recruitment is poorly understood across syngnathid fishes, so the detection of early recruits at night has broad implications for this fish family. Seahorses from all reproductive categories were perched significantly higher in the water column during the night regardless of their depth or season. Predator densities followed a similar pattern with higher densities observed at night, indicating that elevated nocturnal perch height may be a response to predator presence. However, the selective agents driving these nocturnal behaviors have yet to be identified. Considering H. erectus is listed on the IUCN Red List as "Vulnerable," the increase in nocturnal population size and the detection of juveniles has crucial implications for understanding their ecology, recruitment, and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Rose
- The University of TampaTampaFloridaUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyValdosta State UniversityValdostaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Duncan A. O'Brien
- The Center for Ocean Research and EducationGregorytown, EleutheraThe Bahamas
- Present address:
School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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2
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Diversity of Seahorse Species (Hippocampus spp.) in the International Aquarium Trade. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13050187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) are threatened as a result of habitat degradation and overfishing. They have commercial value as traditional medicine, curio objects, and pets in the aquarium industry. There are 48 valid species, 27 of which are represented in the international aquarium trade. Most species in the aquarium industry are relatively large and were described early in the history of seahorse taxonomy. In 2002, seahorses became the first marine fishes for which the international trade became regulated by CITES (Convention for the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), with implementation in 2004. Since then, aquaculture has been developed to improve the sustainability of the seahorse trade. This review provides analyses of the roles of wild-caught and cultured individuals in the international aquarium trade of various Hippocampus species for the period 1997–2018. For all species, trade numbers declined after 2011. The proportion of cultured seahorses in the aquarium trade increased rapidly after their listing in CITES, although the industry is still struggling to produce large numbers of young in a cost-effective way, and its economic viability is technically challenging in terms of diet and disease. Whether seahorse aquaculture can benefit wild populations will largely depend on its capacity to provide an alternative livelihood for subsistence fishers in the source countries. For most species, CITES trade records of live animals in the aquarium industry started a few years earlier than those of dead bodies in the traditional medicine trade, despite the latter being 15 times higher in number. The use of DNA analysis in the species identification of seahorses has predominantly been applied to animals in the traditional medicine market, but not to the aquarium trade. Genetic tools have already been used in the description of new species and will also help to discover new species and in various other kinds of applications.
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3
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Santaquiteria A, Siqueira AC, Duarte-Ribeiro E, Carnevale G, White W, Pogonoski J, Baldwin CC, Ortí G, Arcila D, Betancur RR. Phylogenomics and Historical Biogeography of Seahorses, Dragonets, Goatfishes, and Allies (Teleostei: Syngnatharia): Assessing Factors Driving Uncertainty in Biogeographic Inferences. Syst Biol 2021; 70:1145-1162. [PMID: 33892493 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The charismatic trumpetfishes, goatfishes, dragonets, flying gurnards, seahorses, and pipefishes encompass a recently defined yet extraordinarily diverse clade of percomorph fishes-the series Syngnatharia. This group is widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate regions, with a great proportion of its extant diversity occurring in the Indo-Pacific. Because most syngnatharians feature long-range dispersal capabilities, tracing their biogeographic origins is challenging. Here, we applied an integrative phylogenomic approach to elucidate the evolutionary biogeography of syngnatharians. We built upon a recently published phylogenomic study that examined ultraconserved elements by adding 62 species (total 169 species) and one family (Draconettidae), to cover ca. 25% of the species diversity and all 10 families in the group. We inferred a set of time-calibrated trees and conducted ancestral range estimations. We also examined the sensitivity of these analyses to phylogenetic uncertainty (estimated from multiple genomic subsets), area delimitation, and biogeographic models that include or exclude the jump-dispersal parameter (j). Of the three factors examined, we found that the j parameter has the strongest effect in ancestral range estimates, followed by number of areas defined, and tree topology and divergence times. After accounting for these uncertainties, our results reveal that syngnatharians originated in the ancient Tethys Sea ca. 87 Ma (84-94 Ma; Late Cretaceous) and subsequently occupied the Indo-Pacific. Throughout syngnatharian history, multiple independent lineages colonized the eastern Pacific (6-8 times) and the Atlantic (6-14 times) from their center of origin, with most events taking place following an east-to-west route prior to the closure of the Tethys Seaway ca. 12-18 Ma. Ultimately, our study highlights the importance of accounting for different factors generating uncertainty in macroevolutionary and biogeographic inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aintzane Santaquiteria
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Alexandre C Siqueira
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Emanuell Duarte-Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Giorgio Carnevale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - William White
- CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections of Australia, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - John Pogonoski
- CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections of Australia, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Carole C Baldwin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Dahiana Arcila
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA.,Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, 2401 Chautauqua Ave, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Ricardo R Betancur
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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4
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Li C, Olave M, Hou Y, Qin G, Schneider RF, Gao Z, Tu X, Wang X, Qi F, Nater A, Kautt AF, Wan S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhang H, Qu M, Liu S, Chen Z, Zhong J, Zhang H, Meng L, Wang K, Yin J, Huang L, Venkatesh B, Meyer A, Lu X, Lin Q. Genome sequences reveal global dispersal routes and suggest convergent genetic adaptations in seahorse evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1094. [PMID: 33597547 PMCID: PMC7889852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Seahorses have a circum-global distribution in tropical to temperate coastal waters. Yet, seahorses show many adaptations for a sedentary, cryptic lifestyle: they require specific habitats, such as seagrass, kelp or coral reefs, lack pelvic and caudal fins, and give birth to directly developed offspring without pronounced pelagic larval stage, rendering long-range dispersal by conventional means inefficient. Here we investigate seahorses' worldwide dispersal and biogeographic patterns based on a de novo genome assembly of Hippocampus erectus as well as 358 re-sequenced genomes from 21 species. Seahorses evolved in the late Oligocene and subsequent circum-global colonization routes are identified and linked to changing dynamics in ocean currents and paleo-temporal seaway openings. Furthermore, the genetic basis of the recurring "bony spines" adaptive phenotype is linked to independent substitutions in a key developmental gene. Analyses thus suggest that rafting via ocean currents compensates for poor dispersal and rapid adaptation facilitates colonizing new habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China ,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Melisa Olave
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Present Address: Argentine Dryland Research Institute, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (IADIZA-CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Yali Hou
- grid.464209.d0000 0004 0644 6935Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qin
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ralf F. Schneider
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,Marine Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zexia Gao
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xin Wang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Furong Qi
- grid.464209.d0000 0004 0644 6935Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Nater
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas F. Kautt
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XPresent Address: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Shiming Wan
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Liu
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Zhang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Qu
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Zhang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Kai Wang
- grid.443651.1School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianping Yin
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangmin Huang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Axel Meyer
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Xuemei Lu
- grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China ,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Lazic T, Pierri C, Cardone F, Cariani A, Colangelo P, Corriero G, Ferrari A, Marzano M, Messinetti S, Pesole G, Senczuk G, Santamaria M, Tinti F, Gristina M. Genetic structure of the long-snouted seahorse, Hippocampus guttulatus, in the Central–Western Mediterranean Sea. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus reaches its highest abundance in confined environments, where it has unique biological and ecological traits that suggest significant genetic differentiation among populations. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the genetic structure of this species by analysing eight microsatellite loci and a mitochondrial DNA region (cytochrome b) of eight populations from the Central–Western Mediterranean Sea, including lagoon sites. Levels of genetic diversity, as measured by the total number of alleles, number of private alleles, allelic richness and heterozygosity, ranged from low to moderate. The overall value of inbreeding was high, indicating a deficiency in heterozygotes. The haplotype network had a star-like construction, with the most common haplotype present in all populations. Data from the two molecular markers congruently displayed a similar pattern and revealed low genetic differentiation, notwithstanding predictions based on species traits. The observed genetic structure is probably the result of both historical population demographic events and current gene flow. The investigated lagoons, however, revealed a unique genetic profile, which is especially highlighted by the Taranto population. At this site, the results also showed altered values of observed/expected heterozygosity and allelic richness, a characteristic of marginal populations. Our study suggests that lagoon populations should be managed as distinct genetic units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Lazic
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Frine Cardone
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Cariani
- Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment (GenoDREAM), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paolo Colangelo
- National Council of Research (CNR), Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), Montelibretti (Rome), Italy
| | | | - Alice Ferrari
- Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment (GenoDREAM), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marinella Marzano
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Messinetti
- Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment (GenoDREAM), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Monica Santamaria
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Fausto Tinti
- Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment (GenoDREAM), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Michele Gristina
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Palermo, Italy
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6
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Bertola LD, Boehm JT, Putman NF, Xue AT, Robinson JD, Harris S, Baldwin CC, Overcast I, Hickerson MJ. Asymmetrical gene flow in five co-distributed syngnathids explained by ocean currents and rafting propensity. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200657. [PMID: 32370669 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean circulation driving macro-algal rafting is believed to serve as an important mode of dispersal for many marine organisms, leading to predictions on population-level genetic connectivity and the directionality of effective dispersal. Here, we use genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data to investigate whether gene flow directionality in two seahorses (Hippocampus) and three pipefishes (Syngnathus) follows the predominant ocean circulation patterns in the Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Atlantic. In addition, we explore whether gene flow magnitudes are predicted by traits related to active dispersal ability and habitat preference. We inferred demographic histories of these co-distributed syngnathid species, and coalescent model-based estimates indicate that gene flow directionality is in agreement with ocean circulation data that predicts eastward and northward macro-algal transport. However, the magnitude to which ocean currents influence this pattern appears strongly dependent on the species-specific traits related to rafting propensity and habitat preferences. Higher levels of gene flow and stronger directionality are observed in Hippocampus erectus, Syngnathus floridae and Syngnathus louisianae, which closely associated with the pelagic macro-algae Sargassum spp., compared to Hippocampus zosterae and the Syngnathus scovelli/Syngnathus fuscus sister-species pair, which prefer near shore habitats and are weakly associated with pelagic Sargassum. This study highlights how the combination of population genomic inference together with ocean circulation data can help explain patterns of population structure and diversity in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Bertola
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - J T Boehm
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Nathan F Putman
- LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc, Bryan, TX 77801, USA.,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Alexander T Xue
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - John D Robinson
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephen Harris
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carole C Baldwin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Isaac Overcast
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael J Hickerson
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Subprogram in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
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7
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Wildish DJ, Radulovici AE. Zoogeography and evolutionary ecology of the genus Platorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). J NAT HIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1704463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Wildish
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - A. E. Radulovici
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Makhrov AA, Lajus DL. Postglacial Colonization of the North European Seas by Pacific Fishes and Lamprey. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425518030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Qin G, Johnson C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yin J, Miller G, Turingan RG, Guisbert E, Lin Q. Temperature-induced physiological stress and reproductive characteristics of the migratory seahorse Hippocampus erectus during a thermal stress simulation. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.032888. [PMID: 29764809 PMCID: PMC6031341 DOI: 10.1242/bio.032888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inshore-offshore migration occurs frequently in seahorse species, either because of prey opportunities or because they are driven by reproduction, and variations in water temperature may dramatically change migratory seahorse behavior and physiology. The present study investigated the behavioral and physiological responses of the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus under thermal stress and evaluated the potential effects of different temperatures on its reproduction. The results showed that the thermal tolerance of the seahorses was time dependent. Acute thermal stress (30°C, 2-10 h) increased the basal metabolic rate (breathing rate) and the expression of stress response genes (Hsp genes) significantly and further stimulated seahorse appetite. Chronic thermal treatment (30°C, 4 weeks) led to a persistently higher basal metabolic rate, higher stress response gene expression and higher mortality rates, indicating that the seahorses could not acclimate to chronic thermal stress and might experience massive mortality rates due to excessively high basal metabolic rates and stress damage. Additionally, no significant negative effects on gonad development or reproductive endocrine regulation genes were observed in response to chronic thermal stress, suggesting that seahorse reproductive behavior could adapt to higher-temperature conditions during migration and within seahorse breeding grounds. In conclusion, this simulation experiment indicates that temperature variations during inshore-offshore migration have no effect on reproduction, but promote significantly high basal metabolic rates and stress responses. Therefore, we suggest that the observed high tolerance of seahorse reproduction is in line with the inshore-offshore reproductive migration pattern of lined seahorses.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.164 Xingangxi Rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cara Johnson
- Department of Biological Science, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.164 Xingangxi Rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huixian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.164 Xingangxi Rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jianping Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.164 Xingangxi Rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Glen Miller
- Department of Biological Science, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Ralph G Turingan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Eric Guisbert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.164 Xingangxi Rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510301, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Siqueira AC, Quimbayo JP, Cantor M, Silveira RB, Daura-Jorge FG. Estimating population parameters of longsnout seahorses, Hippocampus reidi (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) through mark-recapture. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Estimating population parameters is essential for understanding the ecology of species, which ultimately helps to assess their conservation status. The seahorse Hippocampus reidi is directly exposed to anthropogenic threats along the Brazilian coast, but the species still figures as Data Deficient (DD) at IUCN’s Red List. To provide better information on the ecology of this species, we studied how population parameters vary over time in a natural subtropical environment. By combing mark-recapture models for open and closed populations, we estimated abundance, survival rate, emigration probability, and capture probability. We marked 111 individuals, which showed a 1:1 sex ratio, and an average size of 10.5 cm. The population showed high survival rate, low temporary emigration probability and variable capture probability and abundance. Our models considering relevant biological criteria illuminate the relatively poorly known population ecology and life history of seahorses. It is our hope that this study inspires the use of mark-recapture methods in other populations of H. reidi in a collective effort to properly assess their conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan P. Quimbayo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Universidad del Valle, Colombia
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11
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Woodall LC, Otero-Ferrer F, Correia M, Curtis JMR, Garrick-Maidment N, Shaw PW, Koldewey HJ. A synthesis of European seahorse taxonomy, population structure, and habitat use as a basis for assessment, monitoring and conservation. MARINE BIOLOGY 2017; 165:19. [PMID: 29238097 PMCID: PMC5717113 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-017-3274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate taxonomy, population demography, and habitat descriptors inform species threat assessments and the design of effective conservation measures. Here we combine published studies with new genetic, morphological and habitat data that were collected from seahorse populations located along the European and North African coastlines to help inform management decisions for European seahorses. This study confirms the presence of only two native seahorse species (Hippocampus guttulatus and H. hippocampus) across Europe, with sporadic occurrence of non-native seahorse species in European waters. For the two native species, our findings demonstrate that highly variable morphological characteristics, such as size and presence or number of cirri, are unreliable for distinguishing species. Both species exhibit sex dimorphism with females being significantly larger. Across its range, H. guttulatus were larger and found at higher densities in cooler waters, and individuals in the Black Sea were significantly smaller than in other populations. H. hippocampus were significantly larger in Senegal. Hippocampus guttulatus tends to have higher density populations than H. hippocampus when they occur sympatrically. Although these species are often associated with seagrass beds, data show both species inhabit a wide variety of shallow habitats and use a mixture of holdfasts. We suggest an international mosaic of protected areas focused on multiple habitat types as the first step to successful assessment, monitoring and conservation management of these Data Deficient species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Woodall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Project Seahorse, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, UK
| | - Francisco Otero-Ferrer
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Miguel Correia
- Project Seahorse, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, UK
- CCMar, Universidade do Algarve, F. C. T., Edificio 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Janelle M. R. Curtis
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC Canada
| | | | - Paul W. Shaw
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Heather J. Koldewey
- Project Seahorse, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
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12
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Ge Y, Zhu L, Chen M, Zhang G, Huang Z, Cheng R. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence for the endangered Knysna seahorse Hippocampus capensis Boulenger 1900. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-017-0849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Molecular phylogeny and patterns of diversification in syngnathid fishes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:388-403. [PMID: 27989632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The family Syngnathidae is a large and diverse clade of morphologically unique bony fishes, with 57 genera and 300 described species of seahorses, pipefishes, pipehorses, and seadragons. They primarily inhabit shallow coastal waters in temperate and tropical oceans, and are characterized by a fused jaw, male brooding, and extraordinary crypsis. Phylogenetic relationships within the Syngnathidae remain poorly resolved due to lack of generic taxon sampling, few diagnostic morphological characters, and limited molecular data. The phylogenetic placement of the threatened, commercially exploited seahorses remains a topic of intense interest, with conflicting topologies based on morphology and predominantly mitochondrial genetic data. In this study, we integrate eight nuclear and mitochondrial markers and 17 morphological characters to investigate the phylogenetic structure of the family Syngnathidae at the generic level. We include 91 syngnathid species representing 48 of the 57 recognized genera, all major ocean basins, and a broad array of temperate and tropical habitats including rocky and coral reefs, sand and silt, mangroves, seagrass beds, estuaries, and rivers. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of 5160bp from eight loci produced high congruence among alternate topologies, defining well-supported and sometimes novel clades. We present a hypothesis that confirms a deep phylogenetic split between lineages with trunk- or tail-brood pouch placement, and provides significant new insights into the morphological evolution and biogeography of this highly derived fish clade. Based on the fundamental division between lineages - the tail brooding "Urophori" and the trunk brooding "Gastrophori" - we propose a revision of Syngnathidae classification into only two subfamilies: the Nerophinae and the Syngnathinae. We find support for distinct principal clades within the trunk-brooders and tail-brooders, the latter of which include seahorses, seadragons, independent lineages of pipehorses, and clades that originated in southern Australia and the Western Atlantic. We suggest the seahorse genus Hippocampus is of Indo-Pacific origin and its sister clade is an unexpected grouping of several morphologically disparate Indo-Pacific genera, including the Pacific pygmy pipehorses. Taxonomic revision is required for multiple genera, particularly to reflect deep evolutionary splits in nominal lineages from the Atlantic versus the Indo-Pacific.
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14
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O’Dea A, Lessios HA, Coates AG, Eytan RI, Restrepo-Moreno SA, Cione AL, Collins LS, de Queiroz A, Farris DW, Norris RD, Stallard RF, Woodburne MO, Aguilera O, Aubry MP, Berggren WA, Budd AF, Cozzuol MA, Coppard SE, Duque-Caro H, Finnegan S, Gasparini GM, Grossman EL, Johnson KG, Keigwin LD, Knowlton N, Leigh EG, Leonard-Pingel JS, Marko PB, Pyenson ND, Rachello-Dolmen PG, Soibelzon E, Soibelzon L, Todd JA, Vermeij GJ, Jackson JBC. Formation of the Isthmus of Panama. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600883. [PMID: 27540590 PMCID: PMC4988774 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent studies suggest that the Isthmus formed many millions of years earlier than the widely recognized age of approximately 3 million years ago (Ma), a result that if true would revolutionize our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary change across the Americas. To bring clarity to the question of when the Isthmus of Panama formed, we provide an exhaustive review and reanalysis of geological, paleontological, and molecular records. These independent lines of evidence converge upon a cohesive narrative of gradually emerging land and constricting seaways, with formation of the Isthmus of Panama sensu stricto around 2.8 Ma. The evidence used to support an older isthmus is inconclusive, and we caution against the uncritical acceptance of an isthmus before the Pliocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron O’Dea
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Harilaos A. Lessios
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Anthony G. Coates
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Ron I. Eytan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Sergio A. Restrepo-Moreno
- Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alberto L. Cione
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurel S. Collins
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Earth and Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alan de Queiroz
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557–0314, USA
| | - David W. Farris
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Robert F. Stallard
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street (Suite E127), Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Michael O. Woodburne
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Orangel Aguilera
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Campus do Valonguinho, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n°, cep. 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marie-Pierre Aubry
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8066, USA
| | - William A. Berggren
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8066, USA
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mario A. Cozzuol
- Laboratório de Paleozoologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, cep. 31270 010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simon E. Coppard
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Herman Duque-Caro
- Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Seth Finnegan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Science Building #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Germán M. Gasparini
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ethan L. Grossman
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Johnson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Nancy Knowlton
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Egbert G. Leigh
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Jill S. Leonard-Pingel
- Department of Geology, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington Street, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Peter B. Marko
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Pyenson
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Paola G. Rachello-Dolmen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Esteban Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldo Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan A. Todd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Geerat J. Vermeij
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeremy B. C. Jackson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093–0244, USA
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
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15
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Gold JR, Willis SC, Renshaw MA, Buentello A, Walker HJ, Puritz JB, Hollenbeck CM, Voelker G. Phylogenetic relationships of tropical eastern Pacific snappers (Lutjanidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. SYST BIODIVERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2015.1078857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Past and present drivers of population structure in a small coastal fish, the European long snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Yang CH, Sha Z, Chan TY, Liu R. Molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea penaeid shrimp genusParapenaeus(Crustacea: Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata). ZOOL SCR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Yang
- Institute of Marine Biology; National Taiwan Ocean University; 2 Pei-Ning Road Keelung 202 Taiwan
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Tin-Yam Chan
- Institute of Marine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans; National Taiwan Ocean University; 2 Pei-Ning Road Keelung 202 Taiwan
| | - Ruiyu Liu
- Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China
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18
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Luzzatto DC, Estalles ML, Díaz de Astarloa JM. Rafting seahorses: the presence of juvenile Hippocampus patagonicus in floating debris. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 83:677-681. [PMID: 23991883 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 477 juvenile Hippocampus patagonicus recorded in 80 sampling events were detected rafting on the surface during high tide at San Antonio Bay, northern Patagonia, Argentina. If rafting juveniles drift long distances beyond their original populations, they have the potential to form new populations, which may explain the wide distribution of H. patagonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Luzzatto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera Almirante Storni, Río Negro, Argentina.
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19
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Sanna D, Biagi F, Alaya HB, Maltagliati F, Addis A, Romero A, De Juan J, Quignard JP, Castelli A, Franzoi P, Torricelli P, Casu M, Carcupino M, Francalacci P. Mitochondrial DNA variability of the pipefish Syngnathus abaster. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:856-876. [PMID: 23464548 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides data on the genetic structuring of the pipefish Syngnathus abaster in the western Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. A total of 109 specimens were collected in brackish-water biotopes. The control region and three other regions of the mitochondrial genome were analysed. The most relevant result was the high genetic structuring found by Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and network analyses, which were consistent in showing three well-separated clusters of S. abaster populations. Furthermore, BI and ML did not support the monophyly of the taxon S. abaster. These results suggest the occurrence of a species complex in the study area, whose differentiation may have occurred since the Pleistocene. The results also show a very high genetic variability at the inter-population level, with no shared haplotypes among sites. Evolutionary forces due to the fragmented nature of the brackish-water habitats may account for the high genetic divergence found among the groups and populations. Finally, although dispersal by rafting over long distances may occasionally occur, this study suggests linear stepping-stone model of colonization to be most likely. The complexity of the results obtained suggests that further studies are needed to elucidate the phylogeny of S. abaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio - Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari, Via Francesco Muroni 25, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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20
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Teske PR, Papadopoulos I, Mmonwa KL, Matumba TG, McQuaid CD, Barker NP, Beheregaray LB. Climate-driven genetic divergence of limpets with different life histories across a southeast African marine biogeographic disjunction: different processes, same outcome. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:5025-41. [PMID: 22017655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic divergence among populations of marine broadcast spawners in the absence of past geological barriers presents an intriguing challenge to understanding speciation in the sea. To determine how differences in life history affect genetic divergence and demographic histories across incomplete dispersal barriers, we conducted a comparative phylogeographic study of three intertidal limpets (Siphonaria spp.) represented on either side of a biogeographic disjunction separating tropical and subtropical marine provinces in southeastern Africa. Using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data, we identified two distinct evolutionary lineages each in both Siphonaria concinna (a planktonic disperser) and S. nigerrima (a direct developer), and panmixia in a second planktonic disperser, S. capensis. Although phylogeographic breaks were present in two species, how these became established differed depending on their life histories. In the direct developer, lack of gene flow following divergence, and demographic expansion from a small initial size in the species' subtropical population, point to a single colonisation event. In contrast, the evolutionary lineages of the planktonic disperser split into two genetic lineages with much larger initial population sizes and southward gene flow continued at least periodically, indicating that divergence in this species may have been driven by a combination of reduced larval dispersal and divergent selection. These findings help explain why the presence or absence of phylogeographic breaks often appears to be independent of species' dispersal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Teske
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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21
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Mobley KB, Small CM, Jones AG. The genetics and genomics of Syngnathidae: pipefishes, seahorses and seadragons. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 78:1624-1646. [PMID: 21651520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review was to provide a historical overview of how molecular techniques have increased the understanding of the ecology and evolution of the family Syngnathidae (pipefishes, seahorses and seadragons). Molecular studies based primarily on mitochondrial DNA markers have proved their worth by elucidating complex phylogenetic relationships within the family. Phylogeographic studies, which have revealed how life-history traits and past climatic events shape geographic distributions and patterns of genetic variation within syngnathid species, also provide interesting case studies for the conservation and management of threatened species. The application of microsatellite DNA markers has opened a floodgate of studies concerned with the breeding biology of these fishes, which are interesting due to their unique reproductive mode of male pregnancy. Research in this area has contributed significantly to the understanding of mating patterns and sexual selection. Molecular markers may also be employed in studies of demography, migration and local breeding population sizes. Genomic studies have identified genes that are probably involved in male pregnancy and promise additional insights into various aspects of syngnathid biology at the level of the gene. Despite these advances, much more remains to be explored. Goals for future research should include: (1) a more inclusive phylogeny to resolve outstanding issues concerning the relationships within the family and higher order taxa, (2) a broader use of molecular studies to aid management and conservation efforts, (3) the inclusion of more genera in comparative behavioural studies and (4) the continued development of genomic resources for syngnathids to facilitate comparative genomic work.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Mobley
- Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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22
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Woodall LC, Koldewey HJ, Shaw PW. Historical and contemporary population genetic connectivity of the European short-snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus and implications for management. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 78:1738-1756. [PMID: 21651525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This first genetic study of Hippocampus hippocampus covers the species' entire geographic range and employs two mtDNA markers (control region and cytochrome b) to establish patterns of population structuring. A total of 255 specimens from 21 locations were used to obtain 89 concatenated haplotypes. The common haplotype was present in all but one population, however, most haplotypes were unique. The haplotype network had a star-like construction, suggesting expansion from a bottleneck event. F(ST) and AMOVA revealed population subdivision into three geographic regions (English Channel + Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea + Atlantic Ocean Iberian coast + Macaronesian Islands, and West Africa) with barriers to gene flow indentified at Cape Finisterre and the Cape Verde frontal zone. Neutrality tests and nested clade analysis suggest a complex demographic history, with both historic events and contemporary processes shaping patterns of genetic differentiation. The genetic population subdivision detected in this study indicates that H. hippocampus should be managed as three separate units. This is especially pertinent as H. hippocampus populations within the West African region are the only ones known to be specifically targeted for exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Woodall
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
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23
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Wilson AB, Orr JW. The evolutionary origins of Syngnathidae: pipefishes and seahorses. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 78:1603-23. [PMID: 21651519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance as evolutionary and ecological model systems, the phylogenetic relationships among gasterosteiforms remain poorly understood, complicating efforts to understand the evolutionary origins of the exceptional morphological and behavioural diversity of this group. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the origin and evolution of syngnathids, a gasterosteiform family with a highly developed form of male parental care, combining inferences based on morphological and molecular data with paleontological evidence documenting the evolutionary history of the group. Molecular methods have provided new tools for the study of syngnathid relationships and have played an important role in recent conservation efforts. Despite recent insights into syngnathid evolution, however, a survey of the literature reveals a strong taxonomic bias towards studies on the species-rich genera Hippocampus and Syngnathus, with a lack of data for many morphologically unique members of the family. The study of the evolutionary pressures responsible for generating the high diversity of syngnathids would benefit from a wider perspective, providing a comparative framework in which to investigate the evolution of the genetic, morphological and behavioural traits of the group as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Wilson
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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GOLD JOHNR, VOELKER GARY, RENSHAW MARKA. Phylogenetic relationships of tropical western Atlantic snappers in subfamily Lutjaninae (Lutjanidae: Perciformes) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Genetic differentiation across eastern Pacific oceanographic barriers in the threatened seahorse Hippocampus ingens. CONSERV GENET 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-010-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Woodall LC, Koldewey HJ, Santos SV, Shaw PW. First occurrence of the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 75:1505-1512. [PMID: 20738628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A seahorse specimen from Banco Açores (Azores Archipelago) was identified using morphological and molecular genetic data as Hippocampus erectus. This specimen represents the first record of H. erectus in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, well outside its reported range, and may provide evidence of long-distance translocation in what are assumed to be relatively sedentary fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Woodall
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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Teske PR, Beheregaray LB. Evolution of seahorses' upright posture was linked to Oligocene expansion of seagrass habitats. Biol Lett 2009; 5:521-3. [PMID: 19451164 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seahorses (Syngnathidae: Hippocampus) are iconic marine teleosts that are readily identifiable by their upright posture. The fossil record is inadequate to shed light on the evolution of this trait because it lacks transitional forms. There are, however, extant syngnathid species (the pygmy pipehorses) that look like horizontally swimming seahorses and that might represent a surviving evolutionary link between the benthic seahorses and other, free-swimming members of the family Syngnathidae. Using sequence data from five nuclear loci, we confirm the sister taxon relationship between seahorses and pygmy pipehorses. Molecular dating indicates that the two taxa diverged during the Late Oligocene. During this time, tectonic events in the Indo-West Pacific resulted in the formation of vast amounts of new shallow-water areas and associated expansion of seagrass habitats that would have favoured the seahorses' upright posture by improving their camouflage while not affecting their manoeuvrability negatively. The molecular techniques employed here provide new insights into the evolution of a taxon whose fossil record is incomplete, but whose evolutionary history is so recent that the major stages of morphological evolution are still represented in extant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Teske
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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