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Deon GA, Glugoski L, Hatanaka T, Sassi FDMC, Nogaroto V, Bertollo LAC, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi A, Moreira Filho O, Cioffi MDB, Vicari MR. Evolutionary breakpoint regions and chromosomal remodeling in Harttia (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) species diversification. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210170. [PMID: 35604463 PMCID: PMC9126045 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical armored catfish genus Harttia presents a wide
variation of chromosomal rearrangements among its representatives. Studies
indicate that translocation and Robertsonian rearrangements have triggered the
karyotype evolution in the genus, including differentiation of sex chromosome
systems. However, few studies used powerful tools, such as comparative whole
chromosome painting, to clarify this highly diversified scenario. Here, we
isolated probes from the X1 (a 5S rDNA carrier) and the X2
(a 45S rDNA carrier) chromosomes of Harttia punctata, which
displays an
X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y
multiple sex chromosome system. Those probes were applied in other
Harttia species to evidence homeologous chromosome blocks.
The resulting data reinforce that translocation events played a role in the
origin of the X1X2Y sex chromosome system in H.
punctata. The repositioning of homologous chromosomal blocks
carrying rDNA sites among ten Harttia species has also been
demonstrated. Anchored to phylogenetic data it was possible to evidence some
events of the karyotype diversification of the studied species and to prove an
independent origin for the two types of multiple sex chromosomes,
XX/XY1Y2 and
X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y,
that occur in Harttia species. The results point to
evolutionary breakpoint regions in the genomes within or adjacent to rDNA sites
that were widely reused in Harttia chromosome remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geize Aparecida Deon
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa Glugoski
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Terumi Hatanaka
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Nogaroto
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Liehr
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Rikabi
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando Moreira Filho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ricardo Vicari
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Araya-Jaime CA, Silva DMZDA, da Silva LRR, do Nascimento CN, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Karyotype description and comparative chromosomal mapping of rDNA and U2 snDNA sequences in Eigenmannialimbata and E.microstoma (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2022; 16:127-142. [PMID: 36761809 PMCID: PMC9849054 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16i2.72190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus Eigenmannia Jordan et Evermann,1896 includes electric fishes endemic to the Neotropical region with extensive karyotype variability and occurrence of different sex chromosome systems, however, cytogenetic studies within this group are restricted to few species. Here, we describe the karyotypes of Eigenmannialimbata (Schreiner et Miranda Ribeiro, 1903) and E.microstoma (Reinhardt, 1852) and the chromosomal locations of 5S and 18S rDNAs (ribosomal RNA genes) and U2 snDNA (small nuclear RNA gene). Among them, 18S rDNA sites were situated in only one chromosomal pair in both species, and co-localized with 5S rDNA in E.microstoma. On the other hand, 5S rDNA and U2 snRNA sites were observed on several chromosomes, with variation in the number of sites between species under study. These two repetitive DNAs were observed co-localized in one chromosomal pair in E.limbata and in four pairs in E.microstoma. Our study shows a new case of association of these two types of repetitive DNA in the genome of Gymnotiformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Andrés Araya-Jaime
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
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3
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Machado MDA, da Silva M, Feldberg E, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY. Chromosome Painting in Gymnotus carapo "Catalão" (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei): Dynamics of Chromosomal Rearrangements in Cryptic Species. Front Genet 2022; 13:832495. [PMID: 35401658 PMCID: PMC8992654 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.832495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Gymnotus is a large monophyletic group of freshwater weakly-electric fishes, with wide distribution in Central and South America. It has 46 valid species divided into six subgenera (Gymnotus, Tijax, Tigre, Lamontianus, Tigrinus and Pantherus) with large chromosome plasticity and diploid numbers (2n) ranging from 34 to 54. Within this rich diversity, there is controversy about whether Gymnotus (Gymnotus) carapo species is a single widespread species or a complex of cryptic species. Cytogenetic studies show different diploid numbers for G. carapo species, ranging from 40 to 54 chromosomes with varied karyotypes found even between populations sharing the same 2n. Whole chromosome painting has been used in studies on fish species and recently has been used for tracking the chromosomal evolution of Gymnotus and assisting in its cytotaxonomy. Comparative genomic mapping using chromosome painting has shown more complex rearrangements in Gymnotus carapo than shown in previous studies by classical cytogenetics. These studies demonstrate that multiple chromosome pairs are involved in its chromosomal reorganization, suggesting the presence of a complex of cryptic species due to a post zygotic barrier. In the present study, metaphase chromosomes of G. carapo occidentalis "catalão" (GCC, 2n = 40, 30m/sm+10st/a) from the Catalão Lake, Amazonas, Brazil, were hybridized with whole chromosome probes derived from the chromosomes of G. carapo (GCA, 2n = 42, 30m/sm+12st/a). The results reveal chromosome rearrangements and a high number of repetitive DNA sites. Of the 12 pairs of G. carapo chromosomes that could be individually identified (GCA 1-3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 18-21), 8 pairs (GCA 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 14, 20, 21) had homeology conserved in GCC. Of the GCA pairs that are grouped (GCA [4, 8], [5, 17], [10, 11] and [12, 13, 15]), most kept the number of signals in GCC (GCA [5, 17], [10, 11] and [12, 13, 15]). The remaining chromosomes are rearranged in the GCC karyotype. Analysis of both populations of the G. carapo cytotypes shows extensive karyotype reorganization. Along with previous studies, this suggests that the different cytotypes analyzed here may represent different species and supports the hypothesis that G. carapo is not a single widespread species, but a group of cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla de Andrade Machado
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Maelin da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Patricia Caroline Mary O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
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4
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Santos da Silva K, de Souza ACP, Pety AM, Noronha RCR, Vicari MR, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY. Comparative Cytogenetics Analysis Among Peckoltia Species (Siluriformes, Loricariidae): Insights on Karyotype Evolution and Biogeography in the Amazon Region. Front Genet 2021; 12:779464. [PMID: 34777486 PMCID: PMC8581261 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.779464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peckoltia is widely distributed genus in the Amazon and Orinoco basins and the Guiana Shield, containing 18 valid species, and distinct morphotypes still needing description in the scientific literature due to its great taxonomic complexity. This study performed a comparative chromosomal analysis of two undescribed Peckoltia species (Peckoltia sp. 3 Jarumã and Peckoltia sp. 4 Caripetuba) from the Brazilian Amazon using conventional chromosome bands methods and in situ localization of the repetitive DNA (5S and 18S rRNA and U1 snRNA genes and telomeric sequences). Both species presented 2n = 52 but differed in their karyotype formula, probably due to inversions or translocations. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) showed distal location on a probably homeologous submetacentric pair in both species, besides an extra signal in a subtelocentric chromosome in Peckoltia sp. 4 Caripetuba. Heterochromatin occurred in large blocks, with different distributions in the species. The mapping of the 18S and 5S rDNA, and U1 snDNA showed differences in locations and number of sites. No interstitial telomeric sites were detected using the (TTAGGG)n probes. Despite 2n conservationism in Peckoltia species, the results showed variation in karyotype formulas, chromosomal bands, and locations of repetitive sites, demonstrating great chromosomal diversity. A proposal for Peckoltia karyotype evolution was inferred in this study based on the diversity of location and number of chromosomal markers analyzed. A comparative analysis with other Peckoltia karyotypes described in the literature, their biogeography patterns, and molecular phylogeny led to the hypothesis that the derived karyotype was raised in the left bank of the Amazon River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cesar Paes de Souza
- Laboratório de Estudos da Ictiofauna da Amazônia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Do Pará, Abaetetuba, Brazil
| | - Ananda Marques Pety
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ricardo Vicari
- Laboratório de Biologia Cromossômica, Estrutura e Função, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Rodrigues PP, Machado MDA, Pety AM, Silva DDS, de Souza ACP, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY. Archolaemus janeae (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei): First insights into karyotype and repetitive DNA distribution in two populations of the Amazon. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15468-15476. [PMID: 34824768 PMCID: PMC8601878 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Archolaemus, one of the five genera of Neotropical freshwater fish of the family Sternopygidae (Gymnotiformes), was long considered a monotypic genus represented by Archolaemus blax. Currently, it consists of six species, most of them occurring in the Amazon region. There are no cytogenetic data for species of this genus. In the present study, we used classical cytogenetics (conventional staining and C-banding) and molecular cytogenetics (probes of telomeric sequences and multigenic families 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and U2 snDNA) to study the karyotype of Archolaemus janeae from Xingu and Tapajós rivers in the state of Pará (Brazil). The results showed that the two populations have identical karyotypes with 46 chromosomes: four submetacentric and 42 acrocentric (2n = 46; 4m/sm + 42a). Constitutive heterochromatin occurs in the centromeric region of all chromosomes, in addition to small bands in the interstitial and distal regions of some pairs. The 18S rDNA occurs in the distal region of the short arm of pair 2; the 5S rDNA occurs in five chromosome pairs; and the U2 snDNA sequence occurs in chromosome pairs 3, 6, and 13. No interstitial telomeric sequence was observed. These results show karyotypic similarity between the studied populations suggesting the existence of a single species and are of great importance as a reference for future cytotaxonomic studies of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pinto Rodrigues
- Laboratório de CitogenéticaCentro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)BelémBrazil
| | - Milla de Andrade Machado
- Laboratório de CitogenéticaCentro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)BelémBrazil
| | - Ananda Marques Pety
- Laboratório de CitogenéticaCentro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)BelémBrazil
| | | | | | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de CitogenéticaCentro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)BelémBrazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de CitogenéticaCentro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)BelémBrazil
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6
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Ribas TFA, Pieczarka JC, Griffin DK, Kiazim LG, Nagamachi CY, O Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA, Yang F, Aleixo A, O'Connor RE. Analysis of multiple chromosomal rearrangements in the genome of Willisornis vidua using BAC-FISH and chromosome painting on a supposed conserved karyotype. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:34. [PMID: 33653261 PMCID: PMC7927240 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thamnophilidae birds are the result of a monophyletic radiation of insectivorous Passeriformes. They are a diverse group of 225 species and 45 genera and occur in lowlands and lower montane forests of Neotropics. Despite the large degree of diversity seen in this family, just four species of Thamnophilidae have been karyotyped with a diploid number ranging from 76 to 82 chromosomes. The karyotypic relationships within and between Thamnophilidae and another Passeriformes therefore remain poorly understood. Recent studies have identified the occurrence of intrachromosomal rearrangements in Passeriformes using in silico data and molecular cytogenetic tools. These results demonstrate that intrachromosomal rearrangements are more common in birds than previously thought and are likely to contribute to speciation events. With this in mind, we investigate the apparently conserved karyotype of Willisornis vidua, the Xingu Scale-backed Antbird, using a combination of molecular cytogenetic techniques including chromosome painting with probes derived from Gallus gallus (chicken) and Burhinus oedicnemus (stone curlew), combined with Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) probes derived from the same species. The goal was to investigate the occurrence of rearrangements in an apparently conserved karyotype in order to understand the evolutionary history and taxonomy of this species. In total, 78 BAC probes from the Gallus gallus and Taeniopygia guttata (the Zebra Finch) BAC libraries were tested, of which 40 were derived from Gallus gallus macrochromosomes 1-8, and 38 from microchromosomes 9-28. RESULTS The karyotype is similar to typical Passeriformes karyotypes, with a diploid number of 2n = 80. Our chromosome painting results show that most of the Gallus gallus chromosomes are conserved, except GGA-1, 2 and 4, with some rearrangements identified among macro- and microchromosomes. BAC mapping revealed many intrachromosomal rearrangements, mainly inversions, when comparing Willisornis vidua karyotype with Gallus gallus, and corroborates the fissions revealed by chromosome painting. CONCLUSIONS Willisornis vidua presents multiple chromosomal rearrangements despite having a supposed conservative karyotype, demonstrating that our approach using a combination of FISH tools provides a higher resolution than previously obtained by chromosome painting alone. We also show that populations of Willisornis vidua appear conserved from a cytogenetic perspective, despite significant phylogeographic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas G Kiazim
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Patricia Caroline Mary O Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Cytogenetics Facility, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Alexandre Aleixo
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Evolution of the parthenogenetic rock lizard hybrid karyotype: Robertsonian translocation between two maternal chromosomes in Darevskia rostombekowi. Chromosoma 2020; 129:275-283. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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de Moraes RLR, Sember A, Bertollo LAC, de Oliveira EA, Ráb P, Hatanaka T, Marinho MMF, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi ABH, Feldberg E, Viana PF, Cioffi MDB. Comparative Cytogenetics and Neo-Y Formation in Small-Sized Fish Species of the Genus Pyrrhulina (Characiformes, Lebiasinidae). Front Genet 2019; 10:678. [PMID: 31428127 PMCID: PMC6689988 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fishes have traditionally been the subject of comparative evolutionary studies, few reports have concentrated on the application of multipronged modern molecular cytogenetic techniques (such as comparative genomic hybridization = CGH and whole chromosome painting = WCP) to analyze deeper the karyotype evolution of specific groups, especially the historically neglected small-sized ones. Representatives of the family Lebiasinidae (Characiformes) are a notable example, where only a few cytogenetic investigations have been conducted thus far. Here, we aim to elucidate the evolutionary processes behind the karyotype differentiation of Pyrrhulina species on a finer-scale cytogenetic level. To achieve this, we applied C-banding, repetitive DNA mapping, CGH and WCP in Pyrrhulina semifasciata and P. brevis. Our results showed 2n = 42 in both sexes of P. brevis, while the difference in 2n between male and female in P. semifasciata (♂41/♀42) stands out due to the presence of a multiple X1X2Y sex chromosome system, until now undetected in this family. As a remarkable common feature, multiple 18S and 5S rDNA sites are present, with an occasional synteny or tandem-repeat amplification. Male-vs.-female CGH experiments in P. semifasciata highlighted the accumulation of male-enriched repetitive sequences in the pericentromeric region of the Y chromosome. Inter-specific CGH experiments evidenced a divergence between both species’ genomes based on the presence of several species-specific signals, highlighting their inner genomic diversity. WCP with the P. semifasciata-derived Y (PSEMI-Y) probe painted not only the entire metacentric Y chromosome in males but also the X1 and X2 chromosomes in both male and female chromosomes of P. semifasciata. In the cross-species experiments, the PSEMI-Y probe painted four acrocentric chromosomes in both males and females of the other tested Pyrrhulina species. In summary, our results show that both intra- and interchromosomal rearrangements together with the dynamics of repetitive DNA significantly contributed to the karyotype divergence among Pyrrhulina species, possibly promoted by specific populational and ecological traits and accompanied in one species by the origin of neo-sex chromosomes. The present results suggest how particular evolutionary scenarios found in fish species can help to clarify several issues related to genome organization and the karyotype evolution of vertebrates in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Luiza Rosa de Moraes
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czechia
| | - Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel Aguiar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil.,Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso - SEDUC-MT, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czechia
| | - Terumi Hatanaka
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Patrik F Viana
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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9
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da Silva M, Matoso DA, Artoni RF, Feldberg E. Karyotypic Diversity and Evolutionary Trends in Neotropical Electric Fish of the Genus Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae). Zebrafish 2019; 16:308-320. [PMID: 31045488 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric fish of the order Gymnotiformes are endemic to the Neotropical region, and their highest diversity is observed in the Amazon region. The family Gymnotidae, which consists of the genera Electrophorus and Gymnotus, is a natural group and is located at the base of the phylogeny of the order. Gymnotus is a widely distributed and specious genus with high karyotypic diversity, especially concerning to the diploid number and the locations of repetitive sequences. Our karyotyping results in five species of the family Gymnotidae (Gymnotus ucamara, Gymnotus cf. stenoleucus, Gymnotus cf. pedanopterus, Gymnotus mamiraua, and Gymnotus carapo "Maranhão") corroborate the proposal of plasticity of the diploid number in this group. Moreover, in this study, we propose that the 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences were species-specific markers that act as a potential biogeographical marker for the genus. Besides, the sequence's location, particularly in G. mamiraua from Central Amazon, shows a close relationship with 5S of the Gymnotus species, with 54 chromosomes, from the Paraná-Paraguay basin in the Center-South of Brazil. Considering that the ancestral diploid number for Gymnotidae is 52 chromosomes, we also suggest that the trend in the family is toward a decrease in the chromosome number. However, the carapo clade stands out in this regard, with an increase and a decrease in chromosome number; this pattern may be reinforced with the ecologic behaviors and the geodispersal patterns of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelin da Silva
- 1 Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Daniele Aparecida Matoso
- 2 Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- 1 Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- 3 Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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10
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Barby FF, Bertollo LAC, de Oliveira EA, Yano CF, Hatanaka T, Ráb P, Sember A, Ezaz T, Artoni RF, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi ABH, Trifonov V, de Oliveira EHC, Molina WF, Jegede OI, Tanomtong A, de Bello Cioffi M. Emerging patterns of genome organization in Notopteridae species (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes) as revealed by Zoo-FISH and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH). Sci Rep 2019; 9:1112. [PMID: 30718776 PMCID: PMC6361938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Notopteridae (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes) represents an old fish lineage with ten currently recognized species distributed in African and Southeastern Asian rivers. Their karyotype structures and diploid numbers remained conserved over long evolutionary periods, since African and Asian lineages diverged approximately 120 Mya. However, a significant genetic diversity was already identified for these species using molecular data. Thus, why the evolutionary relationships within Notopteridae are so diverse at the genomic level but so conserved in terms of their karyotypes? In an attempt to develop a more comprehensive picture of the karyotype and genome evolution in Notopteridae, we performed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and cross-species (Zoo-FISH) whole chromosome painting experiments to explore chromosome-scale intergenomic divergence among seven notopterid species, collected in different African and Southeast Asian river basins. CGH demonstrated an advanced stage of sequence divergence among the species and Zoo-FISH experiments showed diffuse and limited homology on inter-generic level, showing a temporal reduction of evolutionarily conserved syntenic regions. The sharing of a conserved chromosomal region revealed by Zoo-FISH in these species provides perspectives that several other homologous syntenic regions have remained conserved among their genomes despite long temporal isolation. In summary, Notopteridae is an interesting model for tracking the chromosome evolution as it is (i) ancestral vertebrate group with Gondwanan distribution and (ii) an example of animal group exhibiting karyotype stasis. The present study brings new insights into degree of genome divergence vs. conservation at chromosomal and sub-chromosomal level in representative sampling of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Faix Barby
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel Aguiar de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Cassia Fernanda Yano
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Terumi Hatanaka
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | | | - Vladimir Trifonov
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Edivaldo H C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Brazil
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Oladele Ilesanmi Jegede
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Adamawa State University, P.M.B. 25, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
| | - Alongklod Tanomtong
- Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, KhonKaen University, Muang, KhonKaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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11
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Utsunomia R, Melo S, Scacchetti PC, Oliveira C, Machado MDA, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY, Foresti F. Particular Chromosomal Distribution of Microsatellites in Five Species of the Genus Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes). Zebrafish 2018; 15:398-403. [PMID: 29927722 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellites show great abundance in eukaryotic genomes, although distinct chromosomal distribution patterns might be observed, from small dispersed signals to strong clustered motifs. In Neotropical fishes, the chromosome mapping of distinct microsatellites was employed several times to uncover the origin and evolution of sex and supernumerary chromosomes, whereas a detailed comparative analysis considering different motifs at the chromosomal level is scarce. Here, we report the chromosomal location of several simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in distinct electric knife fishes showing variable diploid chromosome numbers to unveil the structural organization of several microsatellite motifs in distinct Gymnotus species. Our results showed that some SSRs are scattered throughout the genomes, whereas others are particularly clustered displaying intense genomic compartmentalization. Interestingly, the motifs CA, GA, and GAG exhibited a band-like pattern of hybridization, useful for the identification of homologous chromosomes. Finally, the colocalization of SSRs with multigene families is probably related to the association of microsatellites with gene spacers in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Utsunomia
- 1 Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University , Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Melo
- 1 Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University , Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Cardim Scacchetti
- 1 Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University , Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- 1 Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University , Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Milla de Andrade Machado
- 2 Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- 2 Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- 2 Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- 1 Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University , Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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12
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Cardoso AL, Pieczarka JC, Crampton WGR, Ready JS, de Figueiredo Ready WMB, Waddell JC, de Oliveira JA, Nagamachi CY. Karyotypic Diversity and Evolution in a Sympatric Assemblage of Neotropical Electric Knifefish. Front Genet 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29616077 PMCID: PMC5867350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome changes can perform an important role in speciation by acting as post-zygotic reproductive barriers. The Neotropical electric fish genus Brachyhypopomus (Gymnotiformes, Hypopomidae) has 28 described species, but cytogenetic data are hitherto available only for four of them. To understand karyotype evolution and investigate the possible role of chromosome changes in the diversification of this genus, we describe here the karyotype of eight species of Brachyhypopomus from a sympatric assemblage in the central Amazon basin. We analyzed cytogenetic data in the context of a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus and known patterns of geographical distribution. We found a strong phylogenetic signal for chromosome number and noted that sympatric species have exclusive karyotypes. Additional insights into the role of chromosome changes in the diversification of Brachyhypopomus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adauto L Cardoso
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Julio C Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - William G R Crampton
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jonathan S Ready
- Laboratório de Lepidopterologia e Ictiologia Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Wilsea M B de Figueiredo Ready
- Laboratório de Lepidopterologia e Ictiologia Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Joseph C Waddell
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | | | - Cleusa Y Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
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13
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Machado MDA, Pieczarka JC, Silva FHR, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA, Nagamachi CY. Extensive Karyotype Reorganization in the Fish Gymnotus arapaima (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) Highlighted by Zoo-FISH Analysis. Front Genet 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29434621 PMCID: PMC5790778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes) contains over 40 species of freshwater electric fishes exhibiting a wide distribution throughout Central and South America, and being particularly prevalent in the Amazon basin. Cytogenetics has been an important tool in the cytotaxonomy and elucidation of evolutionary processes in this genus, including the unraveling the variety of diploid chromosome number (2n = from 34 to 54), the high karyotype diversity among species with a shared diploid number, different sex chromosome systems, and variation in the distribution of several Repetitive DNAs and colocation and association between those sequences. Recently whole chromosome painting (WCP) has been used for tracking the chromosomal evolution of the genus, showing highly reorganized karyotypes and the conserved synteny of the NOR bearing par within the clade G. carapo. In this study, painting probes derived from the chromosomes of G. carapo (GCA, 2n = 42, 30 m/sm + 12 st/a) were hybridized to the mitotic metaphases of G. arapaima (GAR, 2n = 44, 24 m/sm + 20 st/a). Our results uncovered chromosomal rearrangements and a high number of repetitive DNA regions. From the 12 chromosome pairs of G. carapo that can be individually differentiated (GCA1-3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, and 18-21), six pairs (GCA 1, 9, 14, 18, 20, 21) show conserved homology with GAR, five pairs (GCA 1, 9, 14, 20, 21) are also shared with cryptic species G. carapo 2n = 40 (34 m/sm + 6 st/a) and only the NOR bearing pair (GCA 20) is shared with G. capanema (GCP 2n = 34, 20 m/sm + 14 st/a). The remaining chromosomes are reorganized in the karyotype of GAR. Despite the close phylogenetic relationships of these species, our chromosome painting studies demonstrate an extensive reorganization of their karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla de Andrade Machado
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Julio C Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Fernando H R Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Patricia C M O'Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cleusa Y Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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14
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Pitchers WR, Constantinou SJ, Losilla M, Gallant JR. Electric fish genomics: Progress, prospects, and new tools for neuroethology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 110:259-272. [PMID: 27769923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electric fish have served as a model system in biology since the 18th century, providing deep insight into the nature of bioelectrogenesis, the molecular structure of the synapse, and brain circuitry underlying complex behavior. Neuroethologists have collected extensive phenotypic data that span biological levels of analysis from molecules to ecosystems. This phenotypic data, together with genomic resources obtained over the past decades, have motivated new and exciting hypotheses that position the weakly electric fish model to address fundamental 21st century biological questions. This review article considers the molecular data collected for weakly electric fish over the past three decades, and the insights that data of this nature has motivated. For readers relatively new to molecular genetics techniques, we also provide a table of terminology aimed at clarifying the numerous acronyms and techniques that accompany this field. Next, we pose a research agenda for expanding genomic resources for electric fish research over the next 10years. We conclude by considering some of the exciting research prospects for neuroethology that electric fish genomics may offer over the coming decades, if the electric fish community is successful in these endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Pitchers
- Dept. of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Savvas J Constantinou
- Dept. of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mauricio Losilla
- Dept. of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jason R Gallant
- Dept. of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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15
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Crampton WGR, Santana CDD, Waddell JC, Lovejoy NR. A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical electric fish genus Brachyhypopomus (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae), with descriptions of 15 new species. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20150146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The bluntnose knifefish genus BrachyhypopomusMago-Leccia, 1994, is diagnosed from other Rhamphichthyoidea (Rhamphichthyidae + Hypopomidae) by the presence of a disk-like ossification in the anterior portion of the palatoquadrate, and by the following external characters: short snout, 18.7-32.6% of head length (vs. 33.3-68.6% in Hypopomus, Gymnorhamphichthys, Iracema, and Rhamphichthys), absence of a paired accessory electric organ in the mental or humeral region (vs. presence in Hypopygus and Steatogenys), presence of 3-4 pectoral proximal radials (vs. 5 in Akawaio), presence of the antorbital + infraorbital, and the preopercular cephalic lateral line canal bones (vs. absence in Racenisia). Brachyhypopomus cannot be diagnosed unambiguously from Microsternarchus or from Procerusternarchus on the basis of external characters alone. Brachyhypopomus comprises 28 species. Here we describe 15 new species, and provide redescriptions of all 13 previously described species, based on meristic, morphometric, and other morphological characters. We include notes on ecology and natural history for each species, and provide regional dichotomous keys and distribution maps, based on the examination of 12,279 specimens from 2,787 museum lots. A lectotype is designated for Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus (Hopkins, Comfort, Bastian & Bass, 1990). Brachyhypopomus species are abundant in shallow lentic and slow-flowing freshwater habitats from southern Costa Rica and northern Venezuela to Uruguay and northern Argentina. Species diversity is highest in Greater Amazonia, where 20 species occur: B. alberti, new species, B. arrayae, new species, and B. cunia, new species, in the upper rio Madeira drainage; B. batesi, new species, in the central Amazon and rio Negro; B. beebei, B. brevirostris, B. regani, new species, B. sullivani, new species, and B. walteri, widespread through the Amazon and Orinoco basins and the Guianas; B. belindae, new species, in the central Amazon basin; B. benjamini, new species, and B. verdii, new species, in the upper Amazon basin; B. bennetti, in the upper, central, and lower Amazon, lower Tocantins, and upper Madeira basins; B. bullocki in the Orinoco, Negro and Essequibo drainages; B. diazi in the Orinoco Llanos; B. flavipomus, new species, and B. hamiltoni, new species, in the central and upper Amazon basin; B. hendersoni, new species, in the central Amazon, lower Negro and Essequibo basins; B. pinnicaudatus in the central and lower Amazon, lower, upper Madeira, lower Tocantins and Mearim basins, and coastal French Guiana; and B. provenzanoi, new species, in the upper Orinoco and upper Negro basins. Five species are known from the Paraná-Paraguay-Uruguay basin and adjacent southern Atlantic drainages: B. bombilla in the lower Paraná, upper, central, and lower Paraguay, Uruguay and Patos-Mirim drainages; B. brevirostris in the upper Paraguay basin; B. draco in the lower Paraná, lower Paraguay, Uruguay, Patos-Mirim, and Tramandaí basins; B. gauderio in the lower Paraná, upper, central, and lower Paraguay, Uruguay, Patos-Mirim and Tramandaí basins; and B. walteri in the lower Paraná and upper Paraguay basins. Two species occur in small Atlantic drainages of southern Brazil: B. janeiroensis in the São João, Paraíba and small intervening drainages; and B. jureiae in the Ribeira de Iguape and Una do Prelado. One species occurs in the middle and upper São Francisco basin: B. menezesi, new species. Three species occur in trans-Andean drainages: B. diazi in Caribbean drainages of northern Venezuela; B. occidentalis in Atlantic and Pacific drainages of southern Costa Rica and Panama to Darién, and the Maracaibo, Magdalena, Sinú and Atrato drainages; and B. palenque, new species, in Pacific drainages of Ecuador.
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16
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Tagliacollo VA, Bernt MJ, Craig JM, Oliveira C, Albert JS. Model-based total evidence phylogeny of Neotropical electric knifefishes (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 95:20-33. [PMID: 26616344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study provides the most comprehensive Model-Based Total Evidence (MBTE) phylogenetic analyses of the clade Gymnotiformes to date, reappraising relationships using a dataset comprised of six genes (5277bp) and 223 morphological characters, and an ingroup taxon sample including 120 of 212 valid species representing 34 of the 35 extant genera. Our MBTE analyses indicate the two main gymnotiform clades are Gymnotidae and Sternopygoidei, the latter comprised of Rhamphichthyoidea (Rhamphichthyidae+Hypopomidae) and Sinusoidea (Sternopygidae+Apteronotidae). Within Gymnotidae, Electrophorus and Gymnotus are sister taxa, and Gymnotus includes the following six clades: (i) G. pantherinus clade, (ii) G. coatesi clade, (iii) G. anguillaris clade, (iv) G. tigre clade, (v) G. cylindricus clade, and (vi) G. carapo clade. Within Rhamphichthyoidea, Steatogenae (Steatogenys+Hypopygus) is a member of Rhamphichthyidae, and Hypopomidae includes the following clades: (i) Akawaio, (ii) Hypopomus, (iii) Microsternarchini, and (iv) Brachyhypopomus. Within Sternopygidae, Sternopygus and Eigenmanninae are sister groups, Rhabdolichops is the sister to other Eigenmanninae, Archolaemus+Distocyclus is the sister to Eigenmannia, and Japigny is nested within Eigenmannia. Within Apteronotidae, Sternarchorhamphinae (Sternarchorhamphus+Orthosternarchus) is the sister to Apteronotinae, Adontosternarchus is the sister group to other Apteronotinae, Sternarchorhynchini (Sternarchorhynchus+Platyurosternarchus) is the sister to Navajini, and species assigned to Apteronotus are members of two separate clades: (i) A. sensu stricto in the Apteronotini, and (ii) the "A." bonapartii clade in the Navajini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Tagliacollo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil; University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA.
| | - Maxwell J Bernt
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA
| | - Jack M Craig
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - James S Albert
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA
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17
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Escobar-Camacho D, Barriga R, Ron SR. Discovering Hidden Diversity of Characins (Teleostei: Characiformes) in Ecuador's Yasuní National Park. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135569. [PMID: 26275041 PMCID: PMC4537159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management and conservation of biodiversity requires adequate species inventories. The Yasuní National Park is one of the most diverse regions on Earth and recent studies of terrestrial vertebrates, based on genetic evidence, have shown high levels of cryptic and undescribed diversity. Few genetic studies have been carried out in freshwater fishes from western Amazonia. Thus, in contrast with terrestrial vertebrates, their content of cryptic diversity remains unknown. In this study, we carried out genetic and morphological analyses on characin fishes at Yasuní National Park, in eastern Ecuador. Our goal was to identify cryptic diversity among one of the most speciose fish families in the Amazon region. This is the first time that genetic evidence has been used to assess the species content of the Napo Basin, one of the richest regions in vertebrate diversity. RESULTS Phylogenetic analyses of partial mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (∼600 pb) DNA sequences from 232 specimens of the family Characidae and its closest groups revealed eight candidate new species among 33 species sampled, representing a 24% increase in species number. Analyses of external morphology allowed us to confirm the species status of six of the candidate species. CONCLUSIONS Our results show high levels of cryptic diversity in Amazonian characins. If this group is representative of other Amazonian fish, our results would imply that the species richness of the Amazonian ichthyofauna is highly underestimated. Molecular methods are a necessary tool to obtain more realistic inventories of Neotropical freshwater fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escobar-Camacho
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Museo de Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural Gustavo Orces, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Ramiro Barriga
- Museo de Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural Gustavo Orces, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Santiago R. Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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18
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Silva DS, Peixoto LAW, Pieczarka JC, Wosiacki WB, Ready JS, Nagamachi CY. Karyotypic and morphological divergence between two cryptic species of Eigenmannia in the Amazon basin with a new occurrence of XX/XY sex chromosomes (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eigenmannia species are widely distributed in the Neotropics, with eight valid species currently recognized. Populations of Eigenmannia from three locations in the eastern Amazon were investigated using cytogenetic and morphological techniques, revealing two taxa designated here as Eigenmannia sp. "A" and Eigenmannia sp. "B". The species differ in three morphometric characters, two meristic characters, and one osteological character. Eigenmannia sp. "A" presents 2n = 34 (22 m/sm+12 st/a) and Eigenmannia sp. "B" presents 2n = 38 (14 m/sm+24st/a) and simple differentiated sex chromosomes of the type XX/XY. In both species the Constitutive Heterochromatin (CH) rich in A-T bases is distributed in the centromeric region of all chromosomes. Eigenmannia sp. "B" also presents CH blocks in the interstitial region of chromosome pairs 8, 9 and X which are positively stained with CMA3, indicating G-C rich regions. The NOR is located on the short arm of chromosome pair 17 of Eigenmannia sp. "A" and on the short arm of pair 14 of Eigenmannia sp. "B". FISH with rDNA probes hybridized to different-sized regions between homologs, suggesting heteromorphism. The differentiation of the X chromosome in Eigenmannia sp. "B" could be the result of amplification of repetitive DNA sequences.
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Ribas TFA, Rodrigues LRR, Nagamachi CY, Gomes AJB, Rissino JDD, O'Brien PCM, Yang F, Ferguson-Smith MA, Pieczarka JC. Phylogenetic reconstruction by cross-species chromosome painting and G-banding in four species of Phyllostomini tribe (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the Brazilian Amazon: an independent evidence for monophyly. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122845. [PMID: 25806812 PMCID: PMC4373847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The subfamily Phyllostominae comprises taxa with a variety of feeding strategies. From the cytogenetic point of view, Phyllostominae shows different rates of chromosomal evolution between genera, with Phyllostomus hastatus probably retaining the ancestral karyotype for the subfamily. Since chromosomal rearrangements occur rarely in the genome and have great value as phylogenetic markers and in taxonomic characterization, we analyzed three species: Lophostoma silvicola (LSI), Phyllostomus discolor (PDI) and Tonatia saurophila (TSA), representing the tribe Phyllostomini, collected in the Amazon region, by classic and molecular cytogenetic techniques in order to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within this tribe. LSA has a karyotype of 2n=34 and FN=60, PDI has 2n=32 and FN=60 and TSA has 2n=16 and FN=20. Comparative analysis using G-banding and chromosome painting show that the karyotypic complement of TSA is highly rearranged relative to LSI and PHA, while LSI, PHA and PDI have similar karyotypes, differing by only three chromosome pairs. Nearly all chromosomes of PDI and PHA were conserved in toto, except for chromosome 15 that was changed by a pericentric inversion. A strongly supported phylogeny (bootstrap=100 and Bremer=10 steps), confirms the monophyly of Phyllostomini. In agreement with molecular topologies, TSA was in the basal position, while PHA and LSI formed sister taxa. A few ancestral syntenies are conserved without rearrangements and most associations are autapomorphic traits for Tonatia or plesiomorphic for the three genera analyzed here. The karyotype of TSA is highly derived in relation to that of other phyllostomid bats, differing from the supposed ancestral karyotype of Phyllostomidae by multiple rearrangements. Phylogenies based on chromosomal data are independent evidence for the monophyly of tribe Phyllostomini as determined by molecular topologies and provide additional support for the paraphyly of the genus Tonatia by the exclusion of the genus Lophostoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- CNPQ Researcher, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fengtang Yang
- Cytogenetics Facility, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- CNPQ Researcher, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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20
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Cardoso AL, Ready JS, Pieczarka JC, Milhomem SSR, de Figueiredo-Ready WMB, Silva FHR, Nagamachi CY. Chromosomal Variability Between Populations of Electrophorus electricus Gill, 1864 (Pisces: Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae). Zebrafish 2015; 12:440-7. [PMID: 25695141 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electric eel, Electrophorus electricus, the only species of its genus, has a wide distribution in the Amazon and Orinoco drainages. There is little previous information regarding the population variation in E. electricus, with only basic karyotype data from two populations (Amazon and Araguaia Rivers). Karyotypic description and analysis of CO1 barcode sequences were performed for E. electricus from three localities (Caripetuba, Irituia, and Maicuru Rivers). All samples share the 2n=52 (42 m-sm [meta-submetacentric] +10 st-a [subtelo-acrocentric]) with previously studied material. However, the Maicuru River samples differ from the other populations, as they have B chromosomes. The distribution of noncentromeric constitutive heterochromatin between samples is relatively divergent. All samples analyzed present the Nucleolar Organizer Region (NOR) located in a single chromosome pair. In the samples from Caripetuba, NORs were colocalized with a heterochromatin block, whereas the NOR was flanked by heterochromatin in Maicuru River samples and pericentromeric heterochromatin adjacent NOR was found in Irituia River samples. Alignment of CO1 barcode sequences indicated no significant differentiation between the samples analyzed. Results suggest that karyotypic differences between samples from the Caripetuba, Irituia, and Amazon Rivers represent chromosome polymorphisms. However, differences between the samples from the Maicuru and Araguaia Rivers and the remaining populations could represent interpopulation differentiation, which has not had time to accrue divergence at the CO1 gene level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adauto Lima Cardoso
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-Campus do Guamá , Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-Campus do Guamá , Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-Campus do Guamá , Belém, Pará, Brazil .,2 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq, Lago Sul, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Susana Suely Rodrigues Milhomem
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-Campus do Guamá , Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Henrique Ramos Silva
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-Campus do Guamá , Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-Campus do Guamá , Belém, Pará, Brazil .,2 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq, Lago Sul, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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21
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Almeida JS, Migues VH, Diniz D, Affonso PRAM. A Unique Sex Chromosome System in the Knifefish Gymnotus bahianus with Inferences About Chromosomal Evolution of Gymnotidae. J Hered 2015; 106:177-83. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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da Silva M, Matoso DA, Artoni RF, Feldberg E. New Approach Data in Electric Fish (Teleostei: Gymnotus): Sex Chromosome Evolution and Repetitive DNA. Zebrafish 2014; 11:528-35. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maelin da Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daniele Aparecida Matoso
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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23
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Silva FHR, Pieczarka JC, Cardoso AL, da Silva PC, de Oliveira JA, Nagamachi CY. Chromosomal diversity in three species of electric fish (Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes) from the Amazon Basin. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37:638-45. [PMID: 25505838 PMCID: PMC4261963 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014005000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies were carried out on samples of Parapteronotus hasemani, Sternarchogiton preto and Sternarchorhamphus muelleri (Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes) from the Amazon basin. The first two species exhibited both a 2n = 52 karyotype, but differed in their karyotypic formulae, distribution of constitutive heterochromatin, and chromosomal location of the NOR. The third species, Sternarchorhamphus muelleri, was found to have a 2n = 32 karyotype. In all three species the DAPI and chromomycin A3 staining results were consistent with the C-banding results and nucleolar organizer region (NOR) localization. The 18S rDNA probe confirmed that there was only one pair of ribosomal DNA cistron bearers per species. The telomeric probe did not reveal interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS). The karyotypic differences among these species can be used for taxonomic identification. These data will be useful in future studies of these fishes and help understanding the phylogenetic relationships and chromosomal evolution of the Apteronotidae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, PA , Brazil
| | - Adauto Lima Cardoso
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, PA , Brazil
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24
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Utsunomia R, Alves JCP, Paiva LRS, Silva GJC, Oliveira C, Bertollo LAC, Foresti F. Genetic differentiation among distinct karyomorphs of the wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus species complex (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) and report of unusual hybridization with natural triploidy. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:1682-1692. [PMID: 25263542 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, genetic differentiation between karyomorphs A (2n = 42) and D (2n = 39/40) of the wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus, which is comprised of several cryptic species that present a wide variety of diploid chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems, resulting in the identification of seven distinct karyomorphs (A-G), was investigated using a combination of molecular and cytogenetic tools. Deep sequence divergences for both karyomorphs were observed and indicate a long period of reproductive isolation between karyomorphs A and D. Additionally, one individual with 61 chromosomes was identified, which, as far as is known, is the first case of natural triploidy resulting from the hybridization between these highly differentiated karyomorphs of H. malabaricus. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses revealed that this allotriploid specimen carries two sets of maternal chromosomes from karyomorph D (2n = 40) and one set of chromosomes from karyomorph A (n = 21). Moreover, ribosomal sites and active nucleolus organizer regions from both parental contributors were found in the triploid hybrid. Considering the significant genetic distances between karyomorphs A and D, one of the primary reasons for the lack of recurrent reports of hybridization in the H. malabaricus species complex may be due to post-zygotic barriers, such as hybrid sterility or unviability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Utsunomia
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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25
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Cooke GM, Landguth EL, Beheregaray LB. Riverscape genetics identifies replicated ecological divergence across an Amazonian ecotone. Evolution 2014; 68:1947-60. [PMID: 24641091 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecological speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation and niche divergence in the absence of a physical barrier to gene flow. The process is one of the most controversial topics of the speciation debate, particularly in tropical regions. Here, we investigate ecologically based divergence across an Amazonian ecotone in the electric fish, Steatogenys elegans. We combine phylogenetics, genome scans, and population genetics with a recently developed individual-based evolutionary landscape genetics approach that incorporates selection. This framework is used to assess the relative contributions of geography and divergent natural selection between environments as biodiversity drivers. We report on two closely related and sympatric lineages that exemplify how divergent selection across a major Amazonian aquatic ecotone (i.e., between rivers with markedly different hydrochemical properties) may result in replicated ecologically mediated speciation. The results link selection across an ecological gradient with reproductive isolation and we propose that assortative mating based on water color may be driving the divergence. Divergence resulting from ecologically driven selection highlights the importance of considering environmental heterogeneity in studies of speciation in tropical regions. Furthermore, we show that framing ecological speciation in a spatially explicit evolutionary landscape genetics framework provides an important first step in exploring a wide range of the potential effects of spatial dependence in natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Cooke
- Molecular Ecology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; The Australian Museum, The Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
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26
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Utsunomia R, Scacchetti PC, Pansonato-Alves JC, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Comparative Chromosome Mapping of U2 snRNA and 5S rRNA Genes in Gymnotus Species (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae): Evolutionary Dynamics and Sex Chromosome Linkage in G. pantanal. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014; 142:286-92. [DOI: 10.1159/000362258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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27
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Ferreira R, Pereira A, Nagamachi C, Pieczarka J, Sousa L, Noronha R. Caracterização Citogenética de uma Espécie de Spatuloricaria (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) do Rio Xingu, (Pará, Amazônia, Brasil). BIOTA AMAZÔNIA 2014. [DOI: 10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n1p30-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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28
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Rosa CC, Flores T, Pieczarka JC, Rossi RV, Sampaio MIC, Rissino JD, Amaral PJS, Nagamachi CY. Genetic and morphological variability in South American rodent Oecomys (Sigmodontinae, Rodentia): evidence for a complex of species. J Genet 2013; 91:265-77. [PMID: 23271012 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rodent genus Oecomys (Sigmodontinae) comprises ~16 species that inhabit tropical and subtropical forests in Central America and South America. In this study specimens of Oecomys paricola Thomas, 1904 from Belém and Marajó island, northern Brazil, were investigated using cytogenetic, molecular and morphological analyses. Three karyotypes were found, two from Belém (2n = 68, fundamental number (FN) = 72 and 2n = 70, FN = 76) and a third from Marajó island (2n = 70, FN = 72). No molecular or morphological differences were found between the individuals with differing cytotypes from Belém, but differences were evident between the individuals from Belém and Marajó island. Specimens from Belém city region may represent two cryptic species because two different karyotypes are present in the absence of significant differences in morphology and molecular characteristics. The Marajó island and Belém populations may represent distinct species that have been separated for some time, and are in the process of morphological and molecular differentiation as a consequence of reproductive isolation at the geographic and chromosomal levels. Thus, the results suggest that O. paricola may be a complex of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Rosa
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-900, Brazil
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29
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da Silva PC, Nagamachi CY, Silva DDS, Milhomem SSR, Cardoso AL, de Oliveira JA, Pieczarka JC. Karyotypic similarities between two species of Rhamphichthys (Rhamphichthyidae, Gymnotiformes) from the Amazon basin. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2013; 7:279-291. [PMID: 24455102 PMCID: PMC3890657 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v7i4.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The family Rhamphichthyidae includes three genera: Rhamphichthys Müller et Troschel, 1846, Gymnorhamphichthys M. M. Ellis, 1912 and Iracema Triques, 1996. From this family, only the species Rhamphichthys hanni Meinken, 1937 has had its karyotype described. Here, we describe the karyotypes of two additional Rhamphichthys species: Rhamphichthys marmoratus Castelnau, 1855 from the Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Amazonas state and Rhamphichthys prope rostratus Linnaeus, 1766 from Pará state, both in Brazil. Our karyotypic analyses demonstrated that the diploid number is conserved for the genus (2n = 50), but the karyotypic formulas (KFs) differed between Rhamphichthys marmoratus (44m/sm+6a) and Rhamphichthys prope rostratus (42m/sm+8a). In both species, the constitutive heterochromatin (CH) was located in the centromeric region of most chromosomes. Large heterochromatic blocks were found on the long arms of pairs 4 and 14 in Rhamphichthys marmoratus and on chromosomes 3, 4 and 19 in Rhamphichthys prope rostratus, which also has a heteromorphism in chromosome pair 1. The CH was DAPI positive, indicating that it is rich in AT base pairs. The Nucleolus Organizer Region (NOR) showed staining at a single location in both species: the long arm of pair 1 in Rhamphichthys marmoratus and the long arm of pair 12 in Rhamphichthys prope rostratus, where it showed a size heteromorphism. CMA3 staining coincided with that of Ag-NOR, indicating that the ribosomal genes contain interspaced GC-rich sequences. FISH with an 18S rDNA probe confirmed that there is only one NOR site in each species. These results can be used as potential cytogenetic markers for fish populations, and comparative analysis of the karyotypes of Hypopygus Hoedman, 1962, Rhamphichthys and Steatogenys Boulenger, 1898 suggests that the first two genera diverged later that the third.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Corrêa da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av Perimetral, SN. Guamá. 66075-900. Belém, Para, Brazil
- CNPq Mastership Scholarship in Genetics and Molecular Biology
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av Perimetral, SN. Guamá. 66075-900. Belém, Para, Brazil
- CNPq Researcher, Belém, Brazi
| | - Danillo dos Santos Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av Perimetral, SN. Guamá. 66075-900. Belém, Para, Brazil
- CNPq Doctorship Scholarship in Genetics and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Adauto Lima Cardoso
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av Perimetral, SN. Guamá. 66075-900. Belém, Para, Brazil
- CNPq Undergraduated Scholarship
| | - Jonas Alves de Oliveira
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584 69470-000. Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av Perimetral, SN. Guamá. 66075-900. Belém, Para, Brazil
- CNPq Researcher, Belém, Brazi
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Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC, Milhomem SSR, Batista JA, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA. Chromosome painting reveals multiple rearrangements between Gymnotus capanema and Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidae, Gymnotiformes). Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 141:163-8. [PMID: 24080529 DOI: 10.1159/000354988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes) is a group of fishes with karyotypic plasticity, demonstrated by cytogenetic studies using whole chromosome probes of G. carapo (GCA, 2n = 42) that were obtained by flow-sorting from fibroblast cultures. In the present work we undertook comparative mapping of the karyotype of G. capanema (GCP, 2n = 34) with GCA, 2n = 42 painting probes. The results demonstrate that the karyotype of G. capanema is extensively rearranged when compared to G. carapo. From the 12 chromosome pairs of G. carapo that can be individually differentiated (GCA1-3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 18-21), only 4 pairs (GCA6, 7, 19, and 20) maintained conserved synteny in G. capanema. From these 4, GCA6 and GCA20 correspond to individual chromosomes (GCP8 and GCP15), while the other 2 share homology with parts of GCP1 and GCP2, respectively. The remaining GCP chromosomes showed more complex hybridization patterns with homologies to other GCA pairs. These results demonstrate that the level of reorganization in the genome of G. capanema is much greater than in GCA, 2n = 42 and in karyomorph GCA, 2n = 40 which was previously analyzed by chromosome painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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31
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Milhomem SSR, Scacchetti PC, Pieczarka JC, Ferguson-Smith MA, Pansonato-Alves JC, O’Brien PCM, Foresti F, Nagamachi CY. Are NORs always located on homeologous chromosomes? A FISH investigation with rDNA and whole chromosome probes in Gymnotus fishes (Gymnotiformes). PLoS One 2013; 8:e55608. [PMID: 23405178 PMCID: PMC3565972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) is the most diverse known Neotropical electric knife fish genus. Cytogenetic studies in Gymnotus demonstrate a huge karyotypic diversity for this genus, with diploid numbers ranging from 34 to 54. The NOR are also variable in this genus, with both single and multiple NORs described. A common interpretation is that the single NOR pair is a primitive trait while multiple NORs are derivative. However this hypothesis has never been fully tested. In this report we checked if the NOR-bearing chromosome and the rDNA site are homeologous in different species of the genus Gymnotus: G. carapo (2n = 40, 42, 54), G. mamiraua (2n = 54), G. arapaima (2n = 44), G. sylvius (2n = 40), G. inaequilabiatus (2n = 54) and G. capanema (2n = 34), from the monophyletic group G. carapo (Gymnotidae-Gymnotiformes), as well as G. jonasi (2n = 52), belonging to the G1 group. They were analyzed with Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 18S rDNA and whole chromosome probes of the NOR-bearing chromosome 20 (GCA20) of G. carapo (cytotype 2n = 42), obtained by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting. All species of the monophyletic G. carapo group show the NOR in the same single pair, confirmed by hybridization with CGA20 whole chromosome probe. In G. jonasi the NORs are multiple, and located on pairs 9, 10 and 11. In G. jonasi the GCA20 chromosome probe paints the distal half of the long arm of pair 7, which is not a NOR-bearing chromosome. Thus these rDNA sequences are not always in the homeologous chromosomes in different species thus giving no support to the hypothesis that single NOR pairs are primitive traits while multiple NORs are derived. The separation of groups of species in the genus Gymnotus proposed by phylogenies with morphologic and molecular data is supported by our cytogenetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana S. R. Milhomem
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C. Scacchetti
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C. Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José C. Pansonato-Alves
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia C. M. O’Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Y. Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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32
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Cardoso AL, Sales KAH, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC, Noronha RCR. Comparative cytogenetics of two species of genus Scobinancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Ancistrini) from the Xingu River, Brazil. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2013; 7:43-51. [PMID: 24260689 PMCID: PMC3833746 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v7i1.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The family Loricariidae encompasses approximately 800 species distributed in six subfamilies. The subfamily Hypostominae consists of five tribes; of them, the tribe Ancistrini is relatively diverse, but it is not well known from the cytogenetic point of view. Genus Scobinancistrus Isbrücker et Nijssen, 1989, which is part of the tribe Ancistrini, has two species that occur in sympatry in the Xingu River, Brazil. In this work, we performed the first karyotypic characterizations of these two species and sought to identify the processes involved in their karyotypic evolution. Chromosomal preparations were subjected to Giemsa staining, silver nitrate impregnation, C-banding, CMA3 staining, DAPI staining, and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with 18S rDNA and telomeric probes. We found that Scobinancistrus aureatus Burgess, 1994 and Scobinancistrus pariolispos Isbrücker et Nijssen, 1989 shared the diploid number, 2n=52, but differed in their karyotypic formulae (KFs), distribution of constitutive heterochromatin (CH), and the localizations of their nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), which were found on the interstitial and distal regions of the long arm of chromosome pair 3 in Scobinancistrus aureatus and Scobinancistrus pariolispos respectively. We suggest that these interspecific variations may have arisen via paracentric inversion or transposition of the NOR. The karyotypic differences found between these two Scobinancistrus species can be used to identify them taxonomically, and may have functioned as a mechanism of post-zygotic reproductive isolation during the speciation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adauto Lima Cardoso
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – Campus do Guamá (Belém, PA, Brazil)
| | - Karline Alves Holanda Sales
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – Campus do Guamá (Belém, PA, Brazil)
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – Campus do Guamá (Belém, PA, Brazil)
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – Campus do Guamá (Belém, PA, Brazil)
| | - Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – Campus do Guamá (Belém, PA, Brazil)
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Pansonato-Alves J, Hilsdorf A, Utsunomia R, Silva D, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Chromosomal Mapping of Repetitive DNA and Cytochrome C Oxidase I Sequence Analysis Reveal Differentiation among Sympatric Samples ofAstyanaxfasciatus(Characiformes, Characidae). Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 141:133-42. [DOI: 10.1159/000354885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Cooke GM, Chao NL, Beheregaray LB. Five cryptic species in the amazonian catfish Centromochlus existimatus identified based on biogeographic predictions and genetic data. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48800. [PMID: 23144977 PMCID: PMC3492235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately quantifying biodiversity is fundamental for both evolutionary theory and conservation strategies. DNA-based studies are exposing high cryptic diversity irrespective of taxonomic group or environmental setting, and increasing the ever-growing estimates of global biodiversity. This has severe implications for under-sampled and species-rich tropical regions, such as the Amazon Basin. We used biogeographic predictions derived from geomorphological history and contemporary hydrochemical and genetic data to examine cryptic diversity in the Amazonian driftwood catfish Centromochlus existimatus. Using both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, five deeply divergent cryptic lineages are reported, for which at least three are sympatric in distribution. These lineages appear relatively old, with divergence times dating back to middle Miocene. Diversification events appear to be chronologically associated with the formation of the modern Amazon River system, and perhaps influenced by hydrochemical gradients between tributaries. The cause of apparent morphological stasis in the C. existimatus species complex is speculated within the context of hydrochemistry and non-visual mating cues and a full taxonomic revision is recommended. Our findings suggest that the diversity of Amazonian ichthyofauna is vastly underestimated and highlight the relevance of biogeographic predictions to guide sampling efforts in ecologically complex and under-studied ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M. Cooke
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ning L. Chao
- Bio-Amazonia Conservation International, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luciano B. Beheregaray
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Milhomem SSR, Crampton WGR, Pieczarka JC, Shetka GH, Silva DS, Nagamachi CY. Gymnotus capanema, a new species of electric knife fish (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) from eastern Amazonia, with comments on an unusual karyotype. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 80:802-815. [PMID: 22471800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gymnotus capanema n. sp. is described on the basis of cytogenetic, morphometric, meristic and osteological data from nine specimens (one male and eight females) from the municipality of Capanema, Pará, in the eastern Amazon of Brazil. Later, three additional specimens were found in museums and regarded as nontypes (not cytogenetically analysed). Gymnotus capanema, which occurs in sympatry with Gymnotus cf. carapo cytotype 2n = 42 (30m/sm + 12st/a) exhibits a novel karyotype for the genus, with 2n = 34 (20m/sm + 14st/a). Gymnotus capanema can be unambiguously diagnosed from all congeners on the basis of a combination of characters from external anatomy, pigmentation and osteology. The constitutive heterochromatin, rich in adenine-thymine (A-T) base pairs [4',6 diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) positive], occurs in the centromeric region of all of the chromosomes, and in the pericentromeric and the entire short arm of some chromosomes. The nucleolar organizing region (NOR), stained by silver nitrate, chromomycin A(3) (CMA(3)) and 18S ribosomal (r)DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), occurs in the short arm of pair 15. FISH, with telomeric probes did not show interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS), despite the reduced 2n in comparison to the karyotypes of other species of Gymnotus. The karyotype of G. capanema, with a reduced 2n, is strikingly different from all other previously studied congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S R Milhomem
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus do Guamá, Av. Perimetral, SN, Belém-PA 66075-900, Brazil
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de Bello Cioffi M, Sánchez A, Marchal JA, Kosyakova N, Liehr T, Trifonov V, Bertollo LAC. Whole chromosome painting reveals independent origin of sex chromosomes in closely related forms of a fish species. Genetica 2011; 139:1065-72. [PMID: 21927842 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-011-9610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus includes well differentiated sex systems (XY and X(1)X(2)Y in karyomorphs B and D, respectively), a nascent XY pair (karyomorph C) and not recognized sex chromosomes (karyomorph A). We performed the evolutionary analysis of these sex chromosomes, using two X chromosome-specific probes derived by microdissection from the XY and X(1)X(2)Y sex systems. A putative-sex pair in karyomorph A was identified, from which the differentiated XY system was evolved, as well as the clearly evolutionary relationship between the nascent XY system and the origin of the multiple X(1)X(2)Y chromosomes. The lack of recognizable signals on the sex chromosomes after the reciprocal cross-FISH experiments highlighted that they evolved independently from non-homologous autosomal pairs. It is noteworthy that these distinct pathways occur inside the same nominal species, thus exposing the high plasticity of sex chromosome evolution in lower vertebrates. Possible mechanisms underlying this sex determination liability are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Scacchetti PC, Pansonato-Alves JC, Utsunomia R, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Karyotypic diversity in four species of the genus Gymnotus Linnaeus, 1758 (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae): physical mapping of ribosomal genes and telomeric sequences. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2011; 5:223-235. [PMID: 24260631 PMCID: PMC3833780 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventional (Giemsa, C-Banding, Ag-NORs, CMA3) and molecular (5S rDNA, 18S rDNA, telomeric sequences) cytogenetic studies were carried out in specimens of ten distinct fish populations of the genus Gymnotus (Gymnotus sylvius Albert and Fernandes-Matioli, 1999, Gymnotus inaequilabiatus Valenciennes, 1839, Gymnotus pantherinus Steindachner, 1908, and G. cf. carapo Linnaeus, 1758) from different Brazilian hydrographic basins. Gymnotus sylvius presented a diploid number of 40 chromosomes (22m+12sm+6st), Gymnotus pantherinus presented 52 chromosomes (32m+18sm+2st), while Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (42m+10sm+2a)and Gymnotus cf. carapo (38m+12sm+4st) presented 54 chromosomes. The C-banding technique revealed centromeric marks in all chromosomes of all species. Besides that, conspicuous blocks of heterochromatin were found interstitially on the chromosomes of Gymnotus inaequilabiatus, Gymnotus cf. carapo,and Gymnotus pantherinus. All four species showed single nucleolus organizing regions confirmed by results obtained through Ag-NORs and FISH experiments using 18S rDNA probes, which showed the NORs localized on the first chromosome pair in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus, Gymnotus cf. carapo,and Gymnotus pantherinus, and on pair 2 in Gymnotus sylvius. CMA3 staining revealed additional unrelated NORs marks in Gymnotus sylvius and Gymnotus pantherinus. The 5S rDNA probes revealed signals on one pair in Gymnotus sylvius and two pairs in Gymnotus pantherinus; Gymnotus inaequilabiatus had about seventeen pairs marked, and Gymnotus cf. carapo had about fifteen pairs marked. It is considered that the high amount of heterochromatin identified in the chromosomes of Gymnotus inaequilabiatus and Gymnotus cf. carapo could have facilitated the dispersion of 5S rDNA in these species. Interstitial signals were detected on the first metacentric pair of Gymnotus sylvius by telomeric probes (TTAGGG)n indicating the possible occurrence of chromosomal fusions in this species. The present study reveals valuable cytotaxonomic markers for this group and allows a more precise evaluation of the processes involved in the karyotype differentiation and the interrelationships among different species of the genus Gymnotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Cardim Scacchetti
- />Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Morfologia, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Zip code: 18618-970 Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pansonato-Alves
- />Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Morfologia, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Zip code: 18618-970 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Utsunomia
- />Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Morfologia, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Zip code: 18618-970 Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- />Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Morfologia, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Zip code: 18618-970 Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- />Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Morfologia, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Zip code: 18618-970 Brazil
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Cioffi MB, Sánchez A, Marchal JA, Kosyakova N, Liehr T, Trifonov V, Bertollo LA. Cross-species chromosome painting tracks the independent origin of multiple sex chromosomes in two cofamiliar Erythrinidae fishes. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:186. [PMID: 21718509 PMCID: PMC3141436 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Erythrinidae fish family is characterized by a large variation with respect to diploid chromosome numbers and sex-determining systems among its species, including two multiple X1X2Y sex systems in Hoplias malabaricus and Erythrinus erythrinus. At first, the occurrence of a same sex chromosome system within a family suggests that the sex chromosomes are correlated and originated from ancestral XY chromosomes that were either homomorphic or at an early stage of differentiation. To identify the origin and evolution of these X1X2Y sex chromosomes, we performed reciprocal cross-species FISH experiments with two sex-chromosome-specific probes designed from microdissected X1 and Y chromosomes of H. malabaricus and E. erythrinus, respectively. Results Our results yield valuable information regarding the origin and evolution of these sex chromosome systems. Our data indicate that these sex chromosomes evolved independently in these two closed related Erythrinidae species. Different autosomes were first converted into a poorly differentiated XY sex pair in each species, and additional chromosomal rearrangements produced both X1X2Y sex systems that are currently present. Conclusions Our data provide new insights into the origin and evolution of sex chromosomes, which increases our knowledge about fish sex chromosome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo B Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
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