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Phonsiri K, Mavichak R, Panserat S, Boonanuntanasarn S. Differential responses of hepatopancreas transcriptome between fast and slow growth in giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) fed a plant-based diet. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4957. [PMID: 38418833 PMCID: PMC10902295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient utilisation of plant-based diets in the giant freshwater prawn, Marcrobrachium rosenbergii, varies according to individual, suggesting that it might be associated with differences in physiological and metabolic responses. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the individual differences in the growth response of shrimp fed to a soybean-based diet (SBM). Two hundred shrimp were fed SBM for 90 days, and specific growth rate (SGR) was determined individually. Fast- and slow-growing shrimp (F-shrimp vs. S-shrimp), with the highest and lowest 5% SGRs, respectively, were sampled to determine haemolymph chemistry and carcass composition. The hepatopancreas of these shrimps were used for transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The results showed no significant differences in haemolymph chemistry parameters. In terms of carcass proximate composition, F-shrimp exhibited higher protein composition than did S-shrimp, suggesting that F-shrimp have higher protein anabolism. Using RNA-seq and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression levels of several genes encoding physiologic and metabolic enzymes were found to be upregulated in F-shrimp compared to in S-shrimp, suggesting that these enzymes/proteins mediated the efficient use of SBM-based diets for growth promotion in shrimp. Various DEGs associated with the immune system were observed, indicating a difference in immune processes between F- and S-shrimp. The expression of several housekeeping genes was found to be upregulated in S-shrimp. Collectively, the upregulated expression of several enzymes associated with physiological and/or metabolic processes and increased protein anabolism may be attributed to the efficient use of SBM for maximal growth in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanakorn Phonsiri
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Rapeepat Mavichak
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Center, Charoen Pokphand Co. Ltd., Rama 2 Rd., Km 41.5, Bangtorat, Muang Samutsakorn, Samutsakorn, 74000, Thailand
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Ruiz A, Sanahuja I, Andree KB, Furones D, Holhorea PG, Calduch-Giner JA, Pastor JJ, Viñas M, Pérez-Sánchez J, Morais S, Gisbert E. The potential of a combination of pungent spices as a novel supplement in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata) diets to aid in the strategic use of fish oil in aquafeeds: a holistic perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222173. [PMID: 37818366 PMCID: PMC10561386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata; 44.1 ± 4.2 g). During 90 days, fish were fed three experimental diets with low inclusion of fish oil and containing poultry fat as the main source of lipids, supplemented with graded levels of the tested supplement: 0 (control), 0.1 (SPICY0.1%), and 0.15% (SPICY0.15%). As a result, the pungent spices enhanced the growth performance, the activity of the bile-salt-activated lipase in the intestine, and decreased fat deposit levels within enterocytes. The SPICY0.1% diet reduced the feed conversion ratio and the perivisceral fat index and lipid deposits in the liver. Moreover, the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid in fillet increased in fish fed the SPICY0.1% diet, while the hepatic levels of docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in fish fed the SPICY0.15% diet. Furthermore, there was an effect on the expression of some biomarkers related to lipid metabolism in 2-h postprandial fish (fasn, elovl6, scd1b, cyp7a1, lpl, and pparβ), and in 48 h fasted-fish fed with the SPICY0.1% diet, a regulation of the intestinal immune response was indicated. However, no significant differences were found in lipid apparent digestibility and proximate macronutrient composition. The spices did not affect biomarkers of hepatic or oxidative stress. No differences in microbial diversity were found, except for an increase in Simpson's Index in the posterior intestine of fish fed the SPICY0.1% diet, reflected in the increased relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi and lower relative abundances of the genera Campylobacter, Corynebacterium, and Peptoniphilus. In conclusion, the supplementation of gilthead seabream diets with pungent spices at an inclusion of 0.1% was beneficial to enhance growth performance and feed utilization; reduce fat accumulation in the visceral cavity, liver, and intestine; and improve the fish health status and condition. Results suggest that the tested supplement can be used as part of a nutritional strategy to promote a more judicious use of fish oil in fish diets due to its decreasing availability and rising costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruiz
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
- Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Karl B. Andree
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Dolors Furones
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Paul G. Holhorea
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep A. Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Jose J. Pastor
- Innovation Division, Animal Science Unit, Lucta S.A. Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marc Viñas
- Sustainability in Biosystems, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Sofia Morais
- Innovation Division, Animal Science Unit, Lucta S.A. Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
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Dietary carbohydrate-to-protein ratio influences growth performance, hepatic health and dynamic of gut microbiota in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:261-279. [PMID: 35785253 PMCID: PMC9234083 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a carbohydrate-rich diet exhibit suboptimal growth performance, along with other metabolic disturbances. It is well known that gut microbes play a pivotal role in influencing metabolism of the host, and these microbes can be modified by the diet. The main goal of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding graded levels of digestible carbohydrates to Atlantic salmon on the distal intestine digesta microbiota at 3 sampling times (i.e., weeks 4, 8 and 12), during a 12-week trial. A low carbohydrate-to-high protein diet (LC/HP, 0% wheat starch), a medium carbohydrate-to-medium protein diet (MC/MP, 15% wheat starch) or a high carbohydrate-to-low protein diet (HC/LP, 30% wheat starch) was fed to triplicate fish tanks (27 to 28 fish per tank). We performed an in-depth characterization of the distal intestine digesta microbiota. Further, growth parameters, liver histology and the expression of genes involved in hepatic neolipogenesis in fish were measured. Fish fed a HC/LP diet showed greater hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes (P = 0.026 and P = 0.018, respectively), lower final weight (P = 0.005), weight gain (P = 0.003), feed efficiency (P = 0.033) and growth rate (P = 0.003) compared with fish fed the LC/HP diet. Further, feeding salmon a high digestible carbohydrate diet caused greater lipid vacuolization, steatosis index (P = 0.007) and expression of fatty acid synthase (fas) and delta-6 fatty acyl desaturase (d6fad) (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) in the liver compared with fish fed the LC/HP diet. Although, the major impact of feeding a carbohydrate-rich diet to Atlantic salmon in beta diversity of distal intestine digesta microbiota was observed at week 4 (HC/LP vs MC/MP and HC/LP vs LC/HP; P = 0.007 and P = 0.008, respectively) and week 8 (HC/LP vs MC/MP; P = 0.04), no differences between experimental groups were detected after 12 weeks of feeding. Finally, at the end of the trial, there was a negative correlation between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) members, including Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus, with hepatic steatosis level, the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes as well as the expression of fas and d6fad. Weissella showed negative correlation with hepatic steatosis level and the hepatosomatic index. Finally, further research to explore the potential use of LAB as probiotics to improve liver health in carnivorous fish fed fatty liver-induced diet is warranted.
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Datsomor AK, Gillard G, Jin Y, Olsen RE, Sandve SR. Molecular Regulation of Biosynthesis of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Atlantic Salmon. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:661-670. [PMID: 35907166 PMCID: PMC9385821 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salmon is a rich source of health-promoting omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). The LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway in Atlantic salmon is one of the most studied compared to other teleosts. This has largely been due to the massive replacement of LC-PUFA-rich ingredients in aquafeeds with terrestrial plant oils devoid of these essential fatty acids (EFA) which ultimately pushed dietary content towards the minimal requirement of EFA. The practice would also reduce tissue content of n-3 LC-PUFA compromising the nutritional value of salmon to the human consumer. These necessitated detailed studies of endogenous biosynthetic capability as a contributor to these EFA. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of the current knowledge about the molecular genetics of PUFA biosynthesis in Atlantic salmon, highlighting the enzymology and nutritional regulation as well as transcriptional control networks. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of genome duplication on the complexity of salmon LC-PUFA pathway and highlight probable implications on endogenous biosynthetic capabilities. Finally, we have also compiled and made available a large RNAseq dataset from 316 salmon liver samples together with an R-script visualization resource to aid in explorative and hypothesis-driven research into salmon lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K. Datsomor
- Center for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gareth Gillard
- Center for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Yang Jin
- Center for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Rolf E. Olsen
- Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Simen R. Sandve
- Center for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Hou Z, Lu X, Tiziani S, Fuiman LA. Nutritional programming by maternal diet alters offspring lipid metabolism in a marine teleost. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:535-553. [PMID: 35399145 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional programming - the association between the early nutritional environment and long-term consequences for an animal - is an emerging area of research in fish biology. Previous studies reported correlations between maternal provisioning of essential fatty acids to eggs and the whole-body fatty acid composition of larvae reared under uniform conditions for red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. This study aimed to further investigate the nutritional stimulus and the consequences of nutritional programming by feeding adult red drum several distinct diets and rearing larvae under uniform conditions until 21 days post-hatching when larval lipid and fatty acid compositions were assessed. Different maternal diets produced eggs with distinctive lipid and fatty acid compositions, and despite receiving the same larval diet for almost 3 weeks, larvae showed differences in total fatty acid accumulation and in retention of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). Specifically, larvae reared from a maternal diet of shrimp generally showed elevated levels of fatty acids in the initial steps of the n-3 and n-6 HUFA biosynthetic pathways and reduced levels of fatty acid products of the same pathways, especially in triglyceride. Furthermore, the variations in larval fatty acid accumulation induced by maternal diet varied among females. Lipid metabolism altered by parental diet may have consequences for larval physiological processes and behavioral performance, which may ultimately influence larval survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Hou
- The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX, 78723, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lee A Fuiman
- The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
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Magara G, Prearo M, Vercelli C, Barbero R, Micera M, Botto A, Caimi C, Caldaroni B, Bertea CM, Mannino G, Barceló D, Renzi M, Gasco L, Re G, Dondo A, Elia AC, Pastorino P. Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil ( Ocimum basilicum). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020415. [PMID: 35204297 PMCID: PMC8869336 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytotherapy is based on the use of plants to prevent or treat human and animal diseases. Recently, the use of essential oils and polyphenol-enriched extracts is also rapidly increasing in the aquaculture sector as a means of greater industrial and environmental sustainability. Previous studies assessed the antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of these bioactive compounds on fish. However, studies on the modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers are still scant to date. Thus, in this study, the modulation of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress exerted by fish diets supplemented with a basil supercritical extract (F1-BEO) was assessed in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The F1-BEO extracted with supercritical fluid extraction was added to the commercial feed flour (0.5, 1, 2, 3% w/w) and mixed with fish oil to obtain a suitable compound for pellet preparation. Fish were fed for 30 days. The levels of stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I, glyoxalase II, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione and malondialdehyde showed a boost in the antioxidant pathway in fish fed with a 0.5% F1-BEO-supplemented diet. Higher F1-BEO supplementation led to a failure of activity of several enzymes and the depletion of glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde concentration suggests a sufficient oxidative stress defense against lipid peroxidation in all experimental groups, except for a 3% F1-BEO-supplemented diet (liver 168.87 ± 38.79 nmol/mg prot; kidney 146.86 ± 23.28 nmol/mg prot), compared to control (liver 127.76 ± 18.15 nmol/mg prot; kidney 98.68 ± 15.65 nmol/mg prot). Our results suggest supplementing F1-BEO in fish diets up to 0.5% to avoid potential oxidative pressure in farmed trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magara
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Cristina Vercelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (C.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Raffaella Barbero
- ASL TO4, Servizio Veterinario-Igiene Degli Allevamenti e Delle Produzioni Zootecniche, Settimo Torinese, 10036 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marco Micera
- Exenia Group S.R.L, Pinerolo, 10064 Turin, Italy; (M.M.); (A.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Botto
- Exenia Group S.R.L, Pinerolo, 10064 Turin, Italy; (M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Christian Caimi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Barbara Caldaroni
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-0116706362 (G.M.); +39-0112686251 (P.P.)
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Giovanni Re
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (C.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-0116706362 (G.M.); +39-0112686251 (P.P.)
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Blay C, Haffray P, D'Ambrosio J, Prado E, Dechamp N, Nazabal V, Bugeon J, Enez F, Causeur D, Eklouh-Molinier C, Petit V, Phocas F, Corraze G, Dupont-Nivet M. Genetic architecture and genomic selection of fatty acid composition predicted by Raman spectroscopy in rainbow trout. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:788. [PMID: 34732127 PMCID: PMC8564959 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In response to major challenges regarding the supply and sustainability of marine ingredients in aquafeeds, the aquaculture industry has made a large-scale shift toward plant-based substitutions for fish oil and fish meal. But, this also led to lower levels of healthful n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids—in flesh. One potential solution is to select fish with better abilities to retain or synthesise PUFAs, to increase the efficiency of aquaculture and promote the production of healthier fish products. To this end, we aimed i) to estimate the genetic variability in fatty acid (FA) composition in visceral fat quantified by Raman spectroscopy, with respect to both individual FAs and groups under a feeding regime with limited n-3 PUFAs; ii) to study the genetic and phenotypic correlations between FAs and processing yields- and fat-related traits; iii) to detect QTLs associated with FA composition and identify candidate genes; and iv) to assess the efficiency of genomic selection compared to pedigree-based BLUP selection. Results Proportions of the various FAs in fish were indirectly estimated using Raman scattering spectroscopy. Fish were genotyped using the 57 K SNP Axiom™ Trout Genotyping Array. Following quality control, the final analysis contained 29,652 SNPs from 1382 fish. Heritability estimates for traits ranged from 0.03 ± 0.03 (n-3 PUFAs) to 0.24 ± 0.05 (n-6 PUFAs), confirming the potential for genomic selection. n-3 PUFAs are positively correlated to a decrease in fat deposition in the fillet and in the viscera but negatively correlated to body weight. This highlights the potential interest to combine selection on FA and against fat deposition to improve nutritional merit of aquaculture products. Several QTLs were identified for FA composition, containing multiple candidate genes with indirect links to FA metabolism. In particular, one region on Omy1 was associated with n-6 PUFAs, monounsaturated FAs, linoleic acid, and EPA, while a region on Omy7 had effects on n-6 PUFAs, EPA, and linoleic acid. When we compared the effectiveness of breeding programmes based on genomic selection (using a reference population of 1000 individuals related to selection candidates) or on pedigree-based selection, we found that the former yielded increases in selection accuracy of 12 to 120% depending on the FA trait. Conclusion This study reveals the polygenic genetic architecture for FA composition in rainbow trout and confirms that genomic selection has potential to improve EPA and DHA proportions in aquaculture species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08062-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Blay
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Jonathan D'Ambrosio
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,SYSAAF, Station LPGP-INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - Enora Prado
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Dechamp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - David Causeur
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées, IRMAR, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Florence Phocas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, University of Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 NuMéA, St Pée sur, Nivelle, France
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8
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Juárez OE, Lafarga-De la Cruz F, Lazo JP, Delgado-Vega R, Chávez-García D, López-Landavery E, Tovar-Ramírez D, Galindo-Sánchez CE. Transcriptomic assessment of dietary fishmeal partial replacement by soybean meal and prebiotics inclusion in the liver of juvenile Pacific yellowtail (Seriola lalandi). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7127-7140. [PMID: 34515920 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seriola lalandi is an important species for aquaculture, due to its rapid growth, adaptation to captivity and formulated diets, and high commercial value. Due to the rise in fishmeal (FM) price, efforts have been and still are made to replace it partially or entirely with vegetable meals in diets for carnivorous fish. The use of prebiotics when feeding vegetable meals has improved fish health. METHODS Four experimental diets were assessed in juveniles, the control diet consisted of FM as the main protein source, the second diet included 2% of GroBiotic®-A (FM-P), in the third diet FM was partially replaced (25%) by soybean meal (SM25), and the fourth consisted of SM25 with 2% of GroBiotic®-A (SM25-P). Growth was evaluated and RNA-seq of the liver tissue was performed, including differential expression analysis and functional annotation to identify genes affected by the diets. RESULTS Growth was not affected by this level of FM replacement, but it was improved by prebiotics. Annotation was achieved for 59,027 transcripts. Gene expression was affected by the factors: 225 transcripts due to FM replacement, 242 due to prebiotics inclusion, and 62 due to the interaction of factors. The SM25-P diet showed the least amount of differentially expressed genes against the control diet. CONCLUSION The replacement of FM (25%) by soybean meal combined with prebiotics (2%) represents a good cost-benefit balance for S. lalandi juveniles since the fish growth increased and important metabolic and immune system genes in the liver were upregulated with this diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Juárez
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Fabiola Lafarga-De la Cruz
- Department of Aquaculture, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Juan Pablo Lazo
- Department of Aquaculture, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Rigoberto Delgado-Vega
- Department of Aquaculture, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Denisse Chávez-García
- Department of Aquaculture, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Edgar López-Landavery
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Aquaculture Program, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Clara Elizabeth Galindo-Sánchez
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México.
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Callet T, Dupont-Nivet M, Danion M, Burel C, Cluzeaud M, Surget A, Aguirre P, Kerneis T, Labbé L, Panserat S, Quillet E, Geurden I, Skiba-Cassy S, Médale F. Why Do Some Rainbow Trout Genotypes Grow Better With a Complete Plant-Based Diet? Transcriptomic and Physiological Analyses on Three Isogenic Lines. Front Physiol 2021; 12:732321. [PMID: 34539452 PMCID: PMC8440921 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.732321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the context of a growing aquaculture production coupled with a plateau of the production in the main components of aquafeeds (fish oil and fishmeal), recent studies have typically focused on replacing these feedstuffs with terrestrial plant ingredients for cultured carnivorous aquatic species, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Substitution rates without adverse effects have, however, reached their limit. One potential way forward would be to take advantage of the genetic variability that exists in the salmonid population. However, to date, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this genetic variability. The aim of the present research was to understand why some genotypes are better able to utilize plant-based diets devoid of marine resources. In this regard, three isogenic lines of rainbow trout (R23h, AB1h, and A22h), with similar growth when fed marine resources-based diets and which differ greatly in their responses to a plant-based diet, were fed with either a complete plant-based diet (V diet) or a marine resources-based diet (M diet) since first-feeding. Fish traits and the hepatic transcriptome of these three genotypes were compared after 5 months of feeding. First, differences in the ability to grow with the V diet observed amongst genotypes was not due to higher feed intake, but instead due to differences in feed efficiency. The comparison of transcriptome profiles revealed 575 (R23h vs. AB1h), 1,770 (R23h vs. A22h), and 2,973 (AB1h vs. A22h) probes differentially expressed amongst the three genotypes when fed the V diet. Interestingly, R23h and AB1h fish, which were the least affected by the V diet, exhibited the highest growth. These results demonstrate that these fish were able to maintain a high level of energy production and protein synthesis. Moreover, these genotypes were also able to activate pathways linked to lipid and cholesterol metabolisms, such as the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, as previously, immunity seems to also play an important role in the ability of fish to use the V diet, and further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which immunity interacts with growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Callet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Morgane Danion
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Christine Burel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Marianne Cluzeaud
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Pierre Aguirre
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Thierry Kerneis
- Pisciculture Expérimentale INRAE des Monts d'Arrée (PEIMA), Sizun, France
| | - Laurent Labbé
- Pisciculture Expérimentale INRAE des Monts d'Arrée (PEIMA), Sizun, France
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Inge Geurden
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Françoise Médale
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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10
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Katan T, Xue X, Caballero-Solares A, Taylor RG, Parrish CC, Rise ML. Influence of Varying Dietary ω6 to ω3 Fatty Acid Ratios on the Hepatic Transcriptome, and Association with Phenotypic Traits (Growth, Somatic Indices, and Tissue Lipid Composition), in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070578. [PMID: 34202562 PMCID: PMC8301090 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant oils are routinely used in fish feeds as a fish oil replacement. However, these terrestrial alternatives typically contain high levels of ω6 fatty acids (FA) and, thus, high ω6 to ω3 (ω6:ω3) FA ratios, which influence farmed fish and their consumers. The ω6:ω3 ratio is known to affect many biological processes (e.g., inflammation, FA metabolism) and human diseases; however, its impacts on fish physiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms are less well understood. In this study, we used 44 K microarrays to examine which genes and molecular pathways are altered by variation in dietary ω6:ω3 in Atlantic salmon. Our microarray study showed that several genes related to immune response, lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and translation were differentially expressed between the two extreme ω6:ω3 dietary treatments. We also revealed that the PPARα activation-related transcript helz2 is a potential novel molecular biomarker of tissue variation in ω6:ω3. Further, correlation analyses illustrated the relationships between liver transcript expression and tissue (liver, muscle) lipid composition, and other phenotypic traits in salmon fed low levels of fish oil. This nutrigenomic study enhanced the current understanding of Atlantic salmon gene expression response to varying dietary ω6:ω3. Abstract The importance of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 (ω6:ω3) fatty acid (FA) ratios for human health has been extensively examined. However, its impact on fish physiology, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, are less well understood. This study investigated the influence of plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying ω6:ω3 (0.4–2.7) on the hepatic transcriptome of Atlantic salmon. Using 44 K microarray analysis, genes involved in immune and inflammatory response (lect2a, itgb5, helz2a, p43), lipid metabolism (helz2a), cell proliferation (htra1b), control of muscle and neuronal development (mef2d) and translation (eif2a, eif4b1, p43) were identified; these were differentially expressed between the two extreme ω6:ω3 dietary treatments (high ω6 vs. high ω3) at week 12. Eight out of 10 microarray-identified transcripts showed an agreement in the direction of expression fold-change between the microarray and qPCR studies. The PPARα activation-related transcript helz2a was confirmed by qPCR to be down-regulated by high ω6 diet compared with high ω3 diet. The transcript expression of two helz2 paralogues was positively correlated with ω3, and negatively with ω6 FA in both liver and muscle, thus indicating their potential as biomarkers of tissue ω6:ω3 variation. Mef2d expression in liver was suppressed in the high ω6 compared to the balanced diet (ω6:ω3 of 2.7 and 0.9, respectively) fed fish, and showed negative correlations with ω6:ω3 in both tissues. The hepatic expression of two lect2 paralogues was negatively correlated with viscerosomatic index, while htra1b correlated negatively with salmon weight gain and condition factor. Finally, p43 and eif2a were positively correlated with liver Σω3, while these transcripts and eif4b2 showed negative correlations with 18:2ω6 in the liver. This suggested that some aspects of protein synthesis were influenced by dietary ω6:ω3. In summary, this nutrigenomic study identified hepatic transcripts responsive to dietary variation in ω6:ω3, and relationships of transcript expression with tissue (liver, muscle) lipid composition and other phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.C.-S.); Tel.: +1-709-7703846 (T.K.); Tel.: +1-709-3251598 (A.C.-S.)
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.C.-S.); Tel.: +1-709-7703846 (T.K.); Tel.: +1-709-3251598 (A.C.-S.)
| | - Richard G. Taylor
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, 10383 165th Avenue NW, Elk River, MN 55330, USA;
| | - Christopher C. Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Matthew L. Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
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11
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Jiang H, He Y, Chen Q. Qualitative identification of the edible oil storage period using a homemade portable electronic nose combined with multivariate analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3448-3456. [PMID: 33270243 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The edible oil storage period is one of the important indicators for evaluating the intrinsic quality of edible oil. The present study aimed to develop a portable electronic nose device for the qualitative identification of the edible oil storage period. First, four metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, comprising TGS2600, TGS2611, TGS2620 and MQ138, were selected to prepare a sensor array to assemble a portable electronic nose device. Second, the homemade portable electronic nose device was used to obtain the odor change information of edible oil samples during different storage periods, and the sensor features were extracted. Finally, three pattern recognition methods, comprising linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and support vector machines (SVM), were compared to establish a qualitative identification model of the edible oil storage period. The input features and related parameters of the model were optimized by a five-fold cross-validation during the process of model establishment. RESULTS The research results showed that the recognition performance of the non-linear SVM model was significantly better than that of the linear LDA and KNN models, especially in terms of generalization performance, which had a correct recognition rate of 100% when predicting independent samples in the prediction set. CONCLUSION The overall results demonstrate that it is feasible to apply the homemade portable electronic nose device with the help of the appropriate pattern recognition methods to achieve the fast and efficient identification of the edible oil storage period, which provides an effective analysis tool for the quality detection of the edible oil storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yingchao He
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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12
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Østbye TK, Woldemariam NT, Lundberg CE, Berge GM, Ruyter B, Andreassen R. Modulation of hepatic miRNA expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by family background and dietary fatty acid composition. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1172-1185. [PMID: 33332611 PMCID: PMC8048513 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study finds significant differences in hepatic fatty acid composition between four groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) consisting of offspring from families selected for high and low capacities to express the delta 6 desaturase isomer b and fed diets with 10% or 75% fish oil. The results demonstrated that hepatic lipid metabolism was affected by experimental conditions (diet/family). The fatty acid composition in the four groups mirrored the differences in dietary composition, but it was also associated with the family groups. Small RNA sequencing followed by RT-qPCR identified 12 differentially expressed microRNAs (DE miRNAs), with expression associated with family groups (miR-146 family members, miR-200b, miR-214, miR-221, miR-125, miR-135, miR-137, miR_nov_1), diets (miR-203, miR-462) or both conditions. All the conserved DE miRNAs have been reported as associated with lipid metabolism in other vertebrates. In silico predictions revealed 37 lipid metabolism pathway genes, including desaturases, transcription factors and key enzymes in the synthesis pathways as putative targets (e.g., srebp-1 and 2, Δ6fad_b and c, hmdh, elovl4 and 5b, cdc42). RT-qPCR analysis of selected target genes showed expression changes that were associated with diet and with family groups (d5fad, d6fad_a, srebp-1). There was a reciprocal difference in the abundance of ssa-miR-203a-3p and srebp-1 in one group comparison, whereas other predicted targets did not reveal any evidence of being negatively regulated by degradation. More experimental studies are needed to validate and fully understand the predicted interactions and how the DE miRNAs may participate in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone‐Kari K. Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Nardos T. Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Camilla E. Lundberg
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Gerd M. Berge
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
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13
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Katan T, Xue X, Caballero-Solares A, Taylor RG, Rise ML, Parrish CC. Influence of Dietary Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and ω6 to ω3 Ratios on Head Kidney Lipid Composition and Expression of Fatty Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism Genes in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:602587. [PMID: 33381522 PMCID: PMC7767880 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.602587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) levels with omega-6 to omega-3 ratios (ω6:ω3), and their impact on head kidney lipid metabolism in farmed fish, are not fully elucidated. We investigated the influence of five plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying EPA+DHA levels (0.3, 1.0, or 1.4%) and ω6:ω3 (high ω6, high ω3, or balanced) on tissue lipid composition, and transcript expression of genes involved in fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism in Atlantic salmon head kidney. Tissue fatty acid composition was reflective of the diet with respect to C18 PUFA and MUFA levels (% of total FA), and ω6:ω3 (0.5–1.5). Fish fed 0.3% EPA+DHA with high ω6 (0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6) had the highest increase in proportions (1.7–2.3-fold) and in concentrations (1.4-1.8-fold) of arachidonic acid (ARA). EPA showed the greatest decrease in proportion and in concentration (by ~½) in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 fed fish compared to the other treatments. However, no differences were observed in EPA proportions among salmon fed the high ω3 (0.3 and 1.0% EPA+DHA) and balanced (1.4% EPA+DHA) diets, and DHA proportions were similar among all treatments. Further, the transcript expression of elovl5a was lowest in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 fed fish, and correlated positively with 20:3ω3, 20:4ω3 and EPA:ARA in the head kidney. This indicates that high dietary 18:3ω3 promoted the synthesis of ω3 LC-PUFA. Dietary EPA+DHA levels had a positive impact on elovl5a, fadsd5 and srebp1 expression, and these transcripts positively correlated with tissue ΣMUFA. This supported the hypothesis that LC-PUFA synthesis is positively influenced by tissue MUFA levels in Atlantic salmon. The expression of pparaa was higher in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 compared to the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω3 fed fish. Finally, significant correlations between head kidney fatty acid composition and the expression of eicosanoid synthesis-related transcripts (i.e., 5loxa, 5loxb, cox1, cox2, ptges2, ptges3, and pgds) illustrated the constitutive relationships among fatty acids and eicosanoid metabolism in salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | | | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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14
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Jin Y, Datsomor AK, Olsen RE, Vik JO, Torgersen JS, Edvardsen RB, Wargelius A, Winge P, Grammes F. Targeted mutagenesis of ∆5 and ∆6 fatty acyl desaturases induce dysregulation of lipid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:805. [PMID: 33213387 PMCID: PMC7678299 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With declining wild fish populations, farmed salmon has gained popularity as a source for healthy long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids (LC-HUFA). However, the introduction of plant oil in farmed salmon feeds has reduced the content of these beneficial LC-HUFA. The synthetic capability for LC-HUFAs depends upon the dietary precursor fatty acids and the genetic potential, thus there is a need for in-depth understanding of LC-HUFA synthetic genes and their interactions with other genes involved in lipid metabolism. Several key genes of LC-HUFA synthesis in salmon belong to the fatty acid desaturases 2 (fads2) family. The present study applied whole transcriptome analysis on two CRISPR-mutated salmon strains (crispants), 1) Δ6abc/5Mt with mutations in Δ5fads2, Δ6fads2-a, Δ6fads2-b and Δ6fads2-c genes, and 2) Δ6bcMt with mutations in Δ6fads2-b and Δ6fads2-c genes. Our purpose is to evaluate the genetic effect fads2 mutations have on other lipid metabolism pathways in fish, as well as to investigate mosaicism in a commercial species with a very long embryonal period. Results Both Δ6abc/5Mt and Δ6bcMt crispants demonstrated high percentage of indels within all intended target genes, though different indel types and percentage were observed between individuals. The Δ6abc/5Mt fish displayed several disruptive indels which resulted in over 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in lipid metabolism pathways in liver. This includes up-regulation of srebp1 genes which are known key transcription regulators of lipid metabolism as well as a number of down-stream genes involved in fatty acid de-novo synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and lipogenesis. Both elovl5 and elovl2 genes were not changed, suggesting that the genes were not targeted by Srebp1. The mutation of Δ6bcMt surprisingly resulted in over 3000 DEGs which were enriched in factors encoding genes involved in mRNA regulation and stability. Conclusions CRISPR-Cas9 can efficiently mutate multiple fads2 genes simultaneously in salmon. The results of the present study have provided new information on the transcriptional regulations of lipid metabolism genes after reduction of LC-HUFA synthesis pathways in salmon. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07218-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Alex K Datsomor
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf E Olsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Vik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fabian Grammes
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway. .,AquaGen AS, Post box 1240, Torgard, N-7462, Trondheim, Norway.
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15
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Transcriptome sequencing and histology reveal dosage compensation in the liver of triploid pre-smolt Atlantic salmon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16836. [PMID: 33033342 PMCID: PMC7544907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is seen as one of the best solutions to solve key issues in the salmon farming industry, such as the impact of escapees on wild stocks and pre-harvest sexual maturation. However, the effects of triploidy on salmon smoltification are poorly understood at the molecular level, even though smoltification is a very sensitive period that has a major influence on survival rate and performance of farmed salmon. In this study, we have compared the liver transcriptomes of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon at three ontogeny stages: fry, parr and smolt. In diploid fish, a total of 2,655 genes were differentially expressed between fry and parr, whereas 506 genes had significantly different transcript levels between parr and smolts. In triploids, 1,507 and 974 genes were differentially expressed between fry and parr, and between parr and smolts, respectively. Most of these genes were down-regulated and 34 genes were differentially expressed between ploidies at the same stage. In both ploidy groups, the top differentially expressed genes with ontogeny stage belonged to common functional categories that can be related to smoltification. Nucleotide and energy metabolism were significantly down-regulated in fry when compared to parr, while immune system processes were significantly down-regulated in parr when compared to smolts. The close resemblance of enriched biological processes and pathways between ploidy groups suggests that triploidy is regulated by genome dosage compensation in Atlantic salmon. Histological analysis revealed that areas of vacuolization (steatosis) were present only in fry and parr stages, in contrast to a compact cellular histology with glycogen granules after smoltification. There was no significant difference in vacuolization between ploidy groups at the fry stage but the liver of diploid parr had a 33.5% higher vacuolization area compared to their triploid counterparts. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the changes that occur at the molecular and histological level in the liver of both diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon prior to and during smoltification.
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16
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Qin G, Xu D, Lou B, Chen R, Wang L, Tan P. iTRAQ-based quantitative phosphoproteomics provides insights into the metabolic and physiological responses of a carnivorous marine fish (Nibea albiflora) fed a linseed oil-rich diet. J Proteomics 2020; 228:103917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Xue X, Hall JR, Caballero-Solares A, Eslamloo K, Taylor RG, Parrish CC, Rise ML. Liver Transcriptome Profiling Reveals That Dietary DHA and EPA Levels Influence Suites of Genes Involved in Metabolism, Redox Homeostasis, and Immune Function in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:263-284. [PMID: 32040779 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The optimal dietary requirement of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA), namely docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), for Atlantic salmon that promotes growth and health warrants careful investigation. We used 44K microarrays to study the influence of increasing levels of dietary DHA + EPA (0, 1.0, and 1.4% of the diet, as formulated) in the presence of high linoleic acid (LA) on Atlantic salmon growth and liver transcriptome. After a 14-week feeding trial, Atlantic salmon fed diet ω3LC0 (i.e. 0% of DHA + EPA) showed significantly lower final weight and weight gain, and higher feed conversion ratio compared with ω3LC1.0 and ω3LC1.4 diet groups. The microarray experiment identified 55 and 77 differentially expressed probes (Rank Products analyses; PFP < 10%) in salmon fed diets ω3LC1.4 and ω3LC1.0 compared with those fed diet ω3LC0, respectively. The comparison between ω3LC1.4 and ω3LC1.0 revealed 134 differentially expressed probes. The microarray results were confirmed by qPCR analyses of 22 microarray-identified transcripts. Several key genes involved in fatty acid metabolism including LC-PUFA synthesis were upregulated in fish fed ω3LC0 compared with both other groups. Hierarchical clustering and linear regression analyses of liver qPCR and fatty acid composition data demonstrated significant correlations. In the current study, 1.0% ω3 LC-PUFA seemed to be the minimum requirement for Atlantic salmon based on growth performance; however, multivariate statistical analyses (PERMANOVA and SIMPER) showed that fish fed ω3LC1.0 and ω3LC1.4 diets had similar hepatic fatty acid profiles but marked differences in the transcript expression of biomarker genes involved in redox homeostasis (mgst1), immune responses (mxb, igmb, irf3, lect2a, srk2, and lyz2), and LC-PUFA synthesis (srebp1, fadsd5, and elovl2). This research has provided new insights into dietary requirement of DHA and EPA and their impact on physiologically important pathways in addition to lipid metabolism in Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Khalil Eslamloo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Richard G Taylor
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, 10383 165th Avenue NW, Elk River, MN, 55330, USA
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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18
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Eljasik P, Panicz R, Sobczak M, Sadowski J, Barbosa V, Marques A, Dias J. Plasma biochemistry, gene expression and liver histomorphology in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with different dietary fat sources. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111300. [PMID: 32224215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Demand for omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids has become global challenge for aquaculture and different components have been used to increase nutritional value of fillets. The aim of this study was to evaluate influences of feeds on zootechnical parameters, biochemical plasma parameters, expression of lipid-dependent genes, hepatocyte histomorphologies, and fatty acid profiles in common carp fillets. We compared a control diet (CTRL), mimicking a commercial feed formulation for common carp, with three diets containing blends of vegetable oils and a DHA-rich alga (Schizochytrium sp.) included at 3.125% (CB1) or 1.563% (CB2), and 2.1% salmon oil (CB3). The study revealed no differences in final body weight of fish fed CB1-3 diets in comparison with significantly lower CTRL. Concentrations of all biochemical parameters in plasma increased gradually in fish fed CB1-3 diets when compared to CTRL diet, with exception of triacylglycerol levels. Expression of hepatic fas, elovl-5a and pparα genes increased significantly in fish fed CB1 and CB2. Additionally, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accumulation in muscle tissue was directly proportional to the amounts supplied in the diets. Our study revealed that carp fillet profiles can be manipulated for DHA and EPA-contents using enriched diets, depending on the source of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eljasik
- Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-550, Szczecin, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Poland.
| | - R Panicz
- Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-550, Szczecin, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Poland
| | - M Sobczak
- Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-550, Szczecin, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Poland
| | - J Sadowski
- Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-550, Szczecin, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Poland
| | - V Barbosa
- Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospecção. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P. Lisboa. Portugal, Avenida Professor Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - A Marques
- Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospecção. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P. Lisboa. Portugal, Avenida Professor Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - J Dias
- Sparos Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
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19
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Kemski MM, Rappleye CA, Dabrowski K, Bruno RS, Wick M. Transcriptomic response to soybean meal-based diets as the first formulated feed in juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Sci Rep 2020; 10:3998. [PMID: 32132548 PMCID: PMC7055240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing levels of fish meal (FM) protein in aquafeeds being replaced with soybean meal (SBM) protein, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in response to alternative diets has become a critical concern. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine transcriptional differences in the intestine of juvenile yellow perch through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), after their initial introduction to a formulated diet with 75% SBM protein inclusion for 61 days, compared to those fed a traditional FM-based diet. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a concise set of differentially expressed genes in juveniles fed the SBM-based diet, the majority of which were intrinsic to the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of total body lipid and cholesterol levels were also investigated, with no between-treatment differences detected. Results of this study demonstrate that in response to SBM-based diets, yellow perch juveniles up-regulate the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in order to maintain homeostasis. These findings suggest that the upregulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway may negatively impact fish growth due to its large energy expenditure, and future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Kemski
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chad A Rappleye
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Konrad Dabrowski
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Macdonald Wick
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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20
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Perera E, Turkmen S, Simó-Mirabet P, Zamorano MJ, Xu H, Naya-Català F, Izquierdo M, Pérez-Sánchez J. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase ( scd1a) is epigenetically regulated by broodstock nutrition in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Epigenetics 2019; 15:536-553. [PMID: 31790638 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1699982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to generate new knowledge on fish epigenetics, assessing the effects of linolenic acid (ALA) conditioning of broodstock in the offspring of the marine fish Sparus aurata. Attention was focused on gene organization, methylation signatures and gene expression patterns of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1a (scd1a). Blat searches in the genomic IATS-CSIC database (www.nutrigroup-iats.org/seabreamdb) highlighted a conserved exon-intron organization, a conserved PUFA response region, and CG islands at the promoter regions of each gene. The analysed CpG positions in the fads2 promoter were mostly hypomethylated and refractory to broodstock nutrition. The same response was achieved after conditioning of juvenile fish to low water oxygen concentrations, thus methylation susceptibility at individual CpG sites seems to be stringently regulated in fish of different origin and growth trajectories. Conversely, the scd1a promoter was responsive to broodstock nutrition and the offspring of parents fed the ALA-rich diet shared an increased DNA-methylation, mainly in CpG sites neighbouring SP1 and HNF4α binding sites. Cytosine methylation at these sites correlated inversely with the hepatic scd1a expression of the offspring. Co-expression analyses supported that the HNF4α-dependent regulation of scd1a is affected by DNA methylation. The phenotypic output is a regulated liver fat deposition through changes in scd1 expression, which would also allow the preservation of fatty acid unsaturation levels in fish fed reduced levels of n-3 LC-PUFA. Collectively, these findings reveal a reliable mechanism by which parent's nutrition can shape scd1a gene expression in the fish offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde, Spain
| | - Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Maria J Zamorano
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde, Spain
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde, Spain
| | - Fernando Naya-Català
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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21
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Li H, Xu W, Jin J, Zhu X, Yang Y, Han D, Liu H, Xie S. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Concentrations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in Two Strains of Gibel Carp. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:165. [PMID: 31192238 PMCID: PMC6549441 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that effects of dietary carbohydrate and lipid concentrations on growth performance, feeding utilization, glucose and lipid metabolism in gibel carp A strain may be differ from F strain, these two strain of gibel carp were fed with one of three different isonitrogenous diets: HCLL (45% carbohydrate, 2% lipid), MCML (30% carbohydrate, 8% lipid), or LCHL (15% carbohydrate, 14% lipid). After 8 weeks, the HCLL-fed fish had the highest hepatosomatic index, hepatic crude lipid levels, and triglyceride levels and lipid retention efficiency. Enhanced lipogenesis and lipid uptake potential were observed in fish fed HCLL and MCML diets. Moreover, increases in glucose transport (glut2, P = 0.003) and glycolysis (gk, P = 0.012; 6pfk, P = 0.005) in livers of both strains were induced by the high-carbohydrate diet. Genotype-specific effect was identified on plasma lipid content. Plasma triglyceride levels were also greater in the F strain than in the A strain. Furthermore, the F strain had higher levels of fatty acid β-oxidation and glycolysis compared with the A strain. Nutrient retention was affected (P < 0.05) by the interaction between genotype and diet, implied dietary carbohydrate played a vital role in lipid accumulation in gibel carp. As dietary lipids increased, the F strain exhibited better feed utilization and a higher PRE than the A strain. However, the A strain had better growth performance. Overall, the F strain had better glucose uptake, glycolysis potential, and lipid utilization ability than the A strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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22
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Yuan Y, Sun P, Jin M, Wang X, Zhou Q. Regulation of Dietary Lipid Sources on Tissue Lipid Classes and Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism of Juvenile Swimming Crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Front Physiol 2019; 10:454. [PMID: 31068835 PMCID: PMC6491875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-weeks feeding trial with swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary lipid sources on the lipid classes, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial energy metabolism relevant genes expression. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain fish oil (FO), krill oil (KO), palm oil (PO), rapeseed oil (RO), soybean oil (SO), and linseed oil (LO), respectively. A total of 270 swimming crab juveniles (initial weight 5.43 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into six diets with three replications, each consisted of 45 juvenile crabs. The results revealed that crabs fed KO had highest lipid content in hepatopancreas and free fatty acids in serum among all diets. The anabolic pathway relevant genes: fas and acc were up-regulated in KO diet. The catabolic pathway relevant genes, hsl, was up-regulated in LO diet, while cpt1 was up-regulated in KO diet. Whereas, the genes involved in the transport and uptake of fatty acids such as fabp1 and fatp4 were down-regulated in crab fed PO and RO diets. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of transcription factors: srebp-1 and hnf4α in KO and SO diets were the highest among all diets. FO and KO diets had significantly higher unsaturation index of mitochondrial membrane than others. The genes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism, such as Atpase6, sirt1, and sirt3 were significantly up-regulated in KO and SO diets. In summary, dietary KO and SO supplementation could improve the lipid metabolism, promote energy production for juvenile swimming crab and improve physiological process and function including molting. These findings could contribute to deepen the understanding of the physiological metabolism of dietary fatty acids for swimming crab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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23
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Katan T, Caballero-Solares A, Taylor RG, Rise ML, Parrish CC. Effect of plant-based diets with varying ratios of ω6 to ω3 fatty acids on growth performance, tissue composition, fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid-related gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:290-304. [PMID: 31003197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how variation in omega-6 to omega-3 (ω6:ω3) fatty acid (FA) ratios affects lipid metabolism and eicosanoid synthesis in salmon, and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The current study examined the impact of five plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying ω6:ω3 (0.3-2.7) on the growth, tissue lipid composition (muscle and liver), and hepatic transcript expression of lipid metabolism and eicosanoid synthesis-related genes in Atlantic salmon. Growth performance and organ indices were not affected by dietary ω6:ω3. The liver and muscle FA composition was highly reflective of the diet (ω6:ω3 of 0.2-0.8 and 0.3-1.9, respectively) and suggested elongation and desaturation of the ω3 and ω6 precursors 18:3ω3 and 18:2ω6. Furthermore, proportions of ω6 and ω3 PUFA in both tissues showed significant positive correlations with dietary inclusion (% of diet) of soy and linseed oils, respectively. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) further demonstrated that liver long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis (specifically 20:5ω3 and 20:4ω6) was largely driven by dietary 18:3ω3 and 18:2ω6, even when 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 were supplied at levels above minimum requirements. In addition, significant positive and negative correlations were identified between the transcript expression of LC-PUFA synthesis-related genes and liver ω6 and ω3 LC-PUFA, respectively, further supporting FA biosynthesis. Liver ω3 LC-PUFA also correlated negatively with the eicosanoid synthesis-related transcripts pgds and cox1. This is the first study to use CSIA, hepatic transcriptome, and tissue lipid composition analyses concurrently to demonstrate the impact of plant-based diets with varying ω6:ω3 on farmed Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, NL. Canada.
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, NL. Canada
| | | | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, NL. Canada
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, NL. Canada.
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24
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Gu Z, Mu H, Shen H, Deng K, Liu D, Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Mai K. High level of dietary soybean oil affects the glucose and lipid metabolism in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea through the insulin-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 231:34-41. [PMID: 30772486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the metabolic responses of glucose and lipid in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (initial weight, 36.80 ± 0.39 g) to high level of dietary soybean oil. Three isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isolipidic (13% crude lipid) experimental diets were designed, with 100% fish oil (FO), 50% fish oil and 50% soybean oil (FS) and 100% soybean oil (SO), respectively. After a 12-week growth trial, the results showed that compared with FO group, contents n-6 PUFAs increased while the n-3 PUFAs decreased significantly both in liver and muscle in FS and SO groups. Concentrations of blood glucose, leptin, free fatty acid and total triglyceride reached the highest values in SO group, while blood insulin showed no significant difference among all groups. The gene expressions of insulin receptor substrate-2, glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fatty acid synthetase, and lipoprotein lipase increased, and the insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphotidylinsositol-3-kinase (PI3K), hexokinase, glycogen synthetase and glucose transporter 2 in liver decreased significantly in SO group. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) also decreased significantly in this group. These results suggested that high level of dietary soybean oil depressed PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and then affected glucose and lipid metabolism by glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucose transportation, glycogenesis and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hua Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haohao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangyu Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengxi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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25
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Xu W, Jin J, Han D, Liu H, Zhu X, Yang Y, Xie S. Physiological and transcriptomic responses to fishmeal-based diet and rapeseed meal-based diet in two strains of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:267-286. [PMID: 30167883 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated differences in the utilization of fishmeal (FM) and rapeseed meal (RM) by gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) and explored the effects of protein sources on the responses of different genotypes. Gibel carp strains A (4.12 ± 0.03 g) and F (3.47 ± 0.00 g) were fed FM diet or RM diet for 56 days, and after which, growth performance, body composition, hematologic indices, and hepatic transcriptomes were measured. The effects of strain and diet on growth performance, body composition, and hematologic indices were analyzed by two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results revealed that total replacement of FM with RM caused poor growth and feed utilization in both strains as well as the existence of genotype-diet interactions. Strain A showed better growth performance than strain F in the FM group, while the strain F grew better than strain A in the RM group. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the three main biological processes affected by the RM diet were amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and digestive system. The different responses to the RM diet between strains were involved in amino acid metabolism, immune responses, and lipid metabolism. Identifying the underlying mechanisms by which different strains differently respond to meal sources might be the basis to develop a selective breeding program towards strains accepting alternative meal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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26
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Betancor MB, Olsen RE, Marandel L, Skulstad OF, Madaro A, Tocher DR, Panserat S. Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Front Physiol 2018; 9:1751. [PMID: 30574094 PMCID: PMC6291493 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A common-garden experiment was carried out to compare two genetically distinct strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with either high (CHO) or low (NoCHO) digestible carbohydrate (starch). Twenty salmon from either a commercial farmed strain (F) or a land-locked population (G) were placed in two tanks (10 fish of each population in each tank) and fed either CHO or NoCHO feeds. At the end of the experiment fish were fasted for 8 h, euthanized and blood and liver collected. Both diet and population had an effect on circulating glucose levels with G showing hypoglycaemia and dietary starch increasing this parameter. In contrast, G showed increased plasma triacylglycerol levels regardless of dietary treatment suggesting faster conversion of glucose to triacylglycerol. This different ability to metabolize dietary starch among strains was also reflected at a molecular (gene) level as most of the metabolic pathways evaluated were mainly affected by the factor population rather than by diet. The data are promising and suggest different regulatory capacities toward starch utilization between land-locked salmon and the farmed stock. Further analyses are necessary in order to fully characterize the capacity of land-locked salmon to utilize dietary carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf E Olsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA-UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRA-UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
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27
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Xu H, Liao Z, Wang C, Wei Y, Liang M. Hepatic transcriptome of the euryhaline teleost Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) fed diets characterized by α-linolenic acid or linoleic acid. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 29:106-116. [PMID: 30465939 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the different effects of dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) on the euryhaline fish Japanese seabass, a feeding trial followed by hepatic transcriptome assay was conducted. Two experimental diets containing 10% LA-rich sunflower seed oil (diet LA) or 10% ALA-rich perilla oil (diet ALA) were used in the feeding trial. LA and ALA in diets were characteristically incorporated into fish tissues while no significant difference was observed in growth performance and body proximate composition between groups LA and ALA. Compared to LA, ALA up-regulated transcription of 49 unigenes and down-regulated those of 311 unigenes. Quantitative RT-PCR studies on eight lipid metabolism-related genes and seven randomly selected genes were conducted to validate the transcriptomic results. Lipid metabolism-related genes ApoA1, ApoA4, ApoE, FABP1, FABP3, FABP4, FATP6, and DGAT1, as well as ribosomal proteins L9e, L13e, and S4e, were transcriptionally down-regulated by ALA. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily enriched in Gene Ontology terms such as Lipid transport, Protein metabolic process, and Ribosome biogenesis, as well as in KEGG pathways such as Complement and coagulation cascades and Ribosome. The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network based on the peptide biosynthesis-related DEGs showed that ribosomal proteins such as SAe, L4e, S4e, L15e, L9e, and L13Ae had high betweenness centrality in the dietary regulation of peptide biosynthetic processes. In conclusion, under the present experimental conditions, a high level of dietary α-linolenic acid tended to suppress lipid transport and protein biosynthetic processes in the liver of Japanese seabass at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houguo Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhangbin Liao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yuliang Wei
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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Caballero-Solares A, Xue X, Parrish CC, Foroutani MB, Taylor RG, Rise ML. Changes in the liver transcriptome of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed experimental diets based on terrestrial alternatives to fish meal and fish oil. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:796. [PMID: 30390635 PMCID: PMC6215684 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dependence on marine natural resources threatens the sustainability of Atlantic salmon aquaculture. In the present study, Atlantic salmon fed for 14 weeks with an experimental diet based on animal by-products and vegetable oil (ABP) exhibited reduced growth performance compared with others fed a fish meal/fish oil based experimental diet (MAR) and a plant protein/vegetable oil-based experimental diet (VEG). To characterize the molecular changes underlying the differences in growth performance, we conducted a 44 K microarray study of the liver transcriptome of the three dietary groups. Results The microarray experiment identified 122 differentially expressed features (Rank Products, PFP < 10%). Based on their associated Gene Ontology terms, 46 probes were classified as metabolic and growth-relevant genes, 25 as immune-related, and 12 as related to oxidation-reduction processes. The microarray results were validated by qPCR analysis of 29 microarray-identified transcripts. Diets significantly modulated the transcription of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (gck and pfkfb4), cell growth and proliferation (sgk2 and htra1), apoptosis (gadd45b), lipid metabolism (fabp3, idi1, sqs), and immunity (igd, mx, ifit5, and mhcI). Hierarchical clustering and linear correlation analyses were performed to find gene expression patterns among the qPCR-analyzed transcripts, and connections between them and muscle and liver lipid composition. Overall, our results indicate that changes in the liver transcriptome and tissue lipid composition were driven by cholesterol synthesis up-regulation by ABP and VEG diets, and the lower carbohydrate intake in the ABP group. Two of the microarray-identified genes (sgk2 and htra1) might be key to explaining glucose metabolism regulation and the dietary-modulation of the immune system in fish. To evaluate the potential of these genes as predictive biomarkers, we subjected the qPCR data to a stepwise discriminant analysis. Three sets of no more than four genes were found to be able to predict, with high accuracy (67–94%), salmon growth and fatty acid composition. Conclusions This study provides new findings on the impact of terrestrial animal and plant products on the nutrition and health of farmed Atlantic salmon, and a new method based on gene biomarkers for potentially predicting desired phenotypes, which could help formulate superior feeds for the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5188-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Maryam Beheshti Foroutani
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Liland NS, Pittman K, Whatmore P, Torstensen BE, Sissener NH. Fucosterol Causes Small Changes in Lipid Storage and Brassicasterol Affects some Markers of Lipid Metabolism in Atlantic Salmon Hepatocytes. Lipids 2018; 53:737-747. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina S. Liland
- Research group Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes gaten 50; 5005 Bergen Norway
| | - Karin Pittman
- Department of Biology; University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53B; 5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Paul Whatmore
- Research group Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes gaten 50; 5005 Bergen Norway
| | - Bente E. Torstensen
- Research group Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes gaten 50; 5005 Bergen Norway
| | - Nini H. Sissener
- Research group Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes gaten 50; 5005 Bergen Norway
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Regulation of mitochondrial biosynthesis and function by dietary carbohydrate levels and lipid sources in juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 227:14-24. [PMID: 30201543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary non-protein energy adjustments on the mitochondrial biosynthesis and function of juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish (average weight: 37.98 ± 0.07 g) were fed eight diets containing two dietary carbohydrate levels (30% and 43%) and four lipid sources (fish oil, soybean oil, palm oil and the mixed oil) for 11 weeks. Liver mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V activity and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) content both increased significantly with increasing dietary carbohydrate levels, whereas the opposite was true for the AMP (adenosine 5'-monophosphate)/ATP ratio, hepatic transcripts of AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1), AMPKα2, peroxisome proliferators γ-activated receptor coativator-1α (PGC-1α), NADH dehydrogenase 1 and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COX1) as well as the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), citrate synthase (CS) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, III and IV. Additionally, hepatic ATP content, the transcripts of AMPKα, COX1 and ATP6 and the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase, SDH, CS and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III were all significantly affected by lipid sources. Furthermore, an interaction between dietary carbohydrate levels and lipid sources was also observed in the activities of liver mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and respiratory chain complex III as well as the transcripts of ATP6 and PGC-1α. Overall, these findings suggested that dietary carbohydrate levels and lipid sources remarkably affected the mitochondrial biosynthesis and function of M. amblycephala. A diet containing 30% carbohydrate and FO could boost its mitochondrial biosynthesis, while that of 30% carbohydrate and SO could enhance the mitochondrial function.
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Callet T, Dupont-Nivet M, Cluzeaud M, Jaffrezic F, Laloë D, Kerneis T, Labbé L, Quillet E, Geurden I, Mazurais D, Skiba-Cassy S, Médale F. Detection of new pathways involved in the acceptance and the utilisation of a plant-based diet in isogenic lines of rainbow trout fry. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201462. [PMID: 30063731 PMCID: PMC6067751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the growing demand of fish feed for aquaculture, an increasing proportion of marine ingredients are being replaced by blends of plant products. However, the total replacement of marine ingredients in salmonid diets impairs fish performance. This is particularly true during the early fry stage and this stage is therefore considered of particular importance. In rainbow trout (RBT), the existence of a genetic variability to survive and grow with plant-based diets devoid of marine ingredients has now been proved, but the mechanisms behind are little studied especially at early stage. To investigate these, we analysed the whole transcriptome of three isogenic lines of RBT fry, which have similar growth when fed a marine resources-based diet (M diet) but which highly differ in their responses to a plant-based diet (V diet). Analysis of transcriptomes profiles revealed 1740, 1834 and 246 probes differentially expressed among the three genotypes when fed the V diet. The use of these lines led to the discovery of potential molecular markers linked to plant-based diet utilisation, some of them belonging to new pathways, never described before. An important number of genes was related to immunity, but further investigations are needed to better understand the difference between the genotypes in their immune status response to V diet exposure. Finally, differences in expression of genes related to feed intake and sensory perception among genotypes suggested that the mechanisms underlying the differences in growth on plant-based diet are closely linked to diet acceptance. Research on plants components affecting feed intake should be thus further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Callet
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- UMR NuMéA, INRA, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - Florence Jaffrezic
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denis Laloë
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Edwige Quillet
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Oil from transgenic Camelina sativa containing over 25 % n-3 long-chain PUFA as the major lipid source in feed for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Br J Nutr 2018; 119:1378-1392. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFacing a bottleneck in the growth of aquaculture, and a gap in the supply and demand of the highly beneficial n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), sustainable alternatives to traditional marine-based feeds are required. Therefore, in the present trial, a novel oil obtained from a genetically engineered oilseed crop, Camelina sativa, that supplied over 25 % n-3 LC-PUFA was tested as a sole dietary-added lipid source in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feed. Three groups of fish were fed three experimental diets for 12 weeks with the same basal composition and containing 20 % added oil supplied by either a blend of fish oil and rapeseed oil (1:3) (COM) reflecting current commercial formulations, wild-type Camelina oil (WCO) or the novel transgenic Camelina oil (TCO). There were no negative effects on the growth, survival rate or health of the fish. The whole fish and flesh n-3 LC-PUFA levels were highest in fish fed TCO, with levels more than 2-fold higher compared with those of fish fed the COM and WCO diets, respectively. Diet TCO had no negative impacts on the evaluated immune and physiological parameters of head kidney monocytes. The transcriptomic responses of liver and mid-intestine showed only mild effects on metabolism genes. Overall, the results clearly indicated that the oil from transgenic Camelina was highly efficient in supplying n-3 LC-PUFA providing levels double that obtained with a current commercial standard, and similar to those a decade ago before substantial dietary fishmeal and oil replacement.
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Gillard G, Harvey TN, Gjuvsland A, Jin Y, Thomassen M, Lien S, Leaver M, Torgersen JS, Hvidsten TR, Vik JO, Sandve SR. Life-stage-associated remodelling of lipid metabolism regulation in Atlantic salmon. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1200-1213. [PMID: 29431879 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon migrates from rivers to sea to feed, grow and develop gonads before returning to spawn in freshwater. The transition to marine habitats is associated with dramatic changes in the environment, including water salinity, exposure to pathogens and shift in dietary lipid availability. Many changes in physiology and metabolism occur across this life-stage transition, but little is known about the molecular nature of these changes. Here, we use a long-term feeding experiment to study transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism in Atlantic salmon gut and liver in both fresh- and saltwater. We find that lipid metabolism becomes significantly less plastic to differences in dietary lipid composition when salmon transitions to saltwater and experiences increased dietary lipid availability. Expression of genes in liver relating to lipogenesis and lipid transport decreases overall and becomes less responsive to diet, while genes for lipid uptake in gut become more highly expressed. Finally, analyses of evolutionary consequences of the salmonid-specific whole-genome duplication on lipid metabolism reveal several pathways with significantly different (p < .05) duplicate retention or duplicate regulatory conservation. We also find a limited number of cases where the whole-genome duplication has resulted in an increased gene dosage. In conclusion, we find variable and pathway-specific effects of the salmonid genome duplication on lipid metabolism genes. A clear life-stage-associated shift in lipid metabolism regulation is evident, and we hypothesize this to be, at least partly, driven by nondietary factors such as the preparatory remodelling of gene regulation and physiology prior to sea migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Gillard
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Thomas N Harvey
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Arne Gjuvsland
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magny Thomassen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Lien
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Michael Leaver
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Torgeir R Hvidsten
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Vik
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Simen R Sandve
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Ayisi CL, Yamei C, Zhao JL. Genes, transcription factors and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism in fin fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Torrecillas S, Betancor MB, Caballero MJ, Rivero F, Robaina L, Izquierdo M, Montero D. Supplementation of arachidonic acid rich oil in European sea bass juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets: effects on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile and lipid metabolism. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:283-300. [PMID: 29098469 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (from 1 to 6% of total fatty acids) on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles' growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile, liver morphology as well as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis, triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis and lipid transport. A diet with total fish oil (FO) replacement and defatted fish meal (FM) containing a 0.1-g ARA g-1 diet was added to the experimental design as a negative control diet. Dietary ARA inclusion levels below 0.2 g ARA g-1 diet significantly worsened growth even only 30 days after the start of the feeding trial, whereas dietary ARA had no effect on fish survival. Liver, muscle and whole body fatty acid profile mainly reflected dietary contents and ARA content increased accordingly with ARA dietary levels. Tissue eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were positively correlated among them. Hepatic lipid vacuolization increased with reduced dietary ARA levels. Expressions of fatty acyl desaturase 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme genes were upregulated in fish fed the negative control diet compared to the rest of the dietary treatments denoting the influence of ARA on lipid metabolism. Results obtained highlight the need to include adequate n-6 levels and not only n-3 LC-PUFA levels in European sea bass diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - M B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - M J Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - F Rivero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - L Robaina
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - D Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
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Lazzarotto V, Médale F, Larroquet L, Corraze G. Long-term dietary replacement of fishmeal and fish oil in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on growth, whole body fatty acids and intestinal and hepatic gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190730. [PMID: 29364933 PMCID: PMC5783356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of replacing fishmeal and fish oil with a plant-based diet were studied in juvenile (10g) and ongrowing (250-350g) rainbow trout from first-feeding. Feed-related differences in the intestinal and hepatic transcriptome were examined in juveniles after 7 months of feeding at 7°C. Based on microarray results obtained for juveniles, the expression of selected genes related to lipid, cholesterol and energy metabolisms, was assessed by RT-qPCR in ongrowing trout after 6 additional months of feeding at 17°C. Plasma glucose and cholesterol, lipid content and fatty acid profile of whole body were analyzed at both stages. After 7 months at 7°C, all juveniles reached the same body weight (10g), while at 13 months ongrowing fish fed the totally plant-based diet exhibited lower body weight (234 vs 330-337g). Body lipid content was higher in juveniles fed the totally plant-based diet (13.2 vs 9.4–9.9%), and plasma cholesterol was about 2-times lower in trout fed the plant-based diets at both stages. Fatty acid profile mirrored that of the respective diet, with low proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish fed plant-based diets. Genes involved in protein catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and trafficking were down-regulated in the intestines of juveniles fed the plant-based diets. This was not true for ongrowing fish. Genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolisms were up-regulated in the livers of fish fed plant-based diets for both stages. In this study, feeding trout a totally plant-based diet from first-feeding affect a relatively low proportion of metabolism-related genes. In the longer term, when fish were reared at a higher temperature, only some of these changes were maintained (i.e. up-regulation of lipid/cholesterol metabolism). Although the plant-based diets tested in this study had no major deficiencies, small adjustments in the feed-formula are needed to further optimize growth performance while sparing marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Lazzarotto
- INRA - UMR 1419 “Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture”, Aquapôle, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Françoise Médale
- INRA - UMR 1419 “Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture”, Aquapôle, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRA - UMR 1419 “Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture”, Aquapôle, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRA - UMR 1419 “Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture”, Aquapôle, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Changes in Intestinal Gene Expression of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Related to Sterol Uptake and Excretion upon β-Sitosterol Administration. FISHES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Li Y, Jia Z, Liang X, Matulic D, Hussein M, Gao J. Growth performance, fatty-acid composition, lipid deposition and hepatic-lipid metabolism-related gene expression in juvenile pond loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus fed diets with different dietary soybean oil levels. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:17-33. [PMID: 29148037 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 10 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary soybean oil (SO) levels on growth performance, fatty-acid composition and lipid deposition in viscera, histology and histochemistry of liver, intestine and hepatic-lipid metabolism-related gene expressions in pond loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus juveniles. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (mean ± s.d. mass 0·40 ± 0·01 g) were fed five experimental diets containing SO at different concentrations: 0, 20, 32, 56 and 100% SO and a diet containing 100% fish oil (100% FO). The mass gains and specific growth rates of M. anguillicaudatus fed 20% SO and 100% FO diets were significantly higher than those of the other groups (P < 0·05). The lipid content of viscera and the amount of cytoplasmic vacuolation in the liver increased with incremental dietary SO level. Meanwhile, increasing dietary SO levels up-regulated the messenger (m)RNA levels of lipogenic genes (such as Δ6fad, scd, pparγ, fas and srebp-1) and down-regulated the mRNA levels of the lipolytic genes (such as pparα, cpt1, atgl and hsl) in the liver. The percentage of 20:4n-6 significantly (P < 0·05) increased with increasing dietary SO level, which might be correlated with the up-regulation of the mRNA level of Δ6fad. The highest levels of dietary SO, however, had a negative effect on growth performance, lipid deposition of viscera and histology and histochemstry of liver and intestine. The increased lipid accumulation induced by incremental dietary SO level probably occurred through different strategies for lipid metabolism as a result of competition between lipolysis and lipogenesis and between export and import of lipids in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Z Jia
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - X Liang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - D Matulic
- Department for Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Hussein
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - J Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Barra M, Llanos-Rivera A, Cruzat F, Pino-Maureira N, González-Saldía RR. The Marine Fungi Rhodotorula sp. (Strain CNYC4007) as a Potential Feed Source for Fish Larvae Nutrition. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120369. [PMID: 29194350 PMCID: PMC5742829 DOI: 10.3390/md15120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil is used in the production of feed for cultured fish owing to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA). The over-exploitation of fisheries and events like “El Niño” are reducing the fish oil supply. Some marine microorganisms are considered potentially as alternative fatty acid sources. This study assesses a strain of Rhodotorula sp. (strain CNYC4007; 27% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of total fatty acids), as feed for fish larvae. The total length and ribonucleic acid (RNA)/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ratio of Danio rerio larvae was determined at first feeding at six and 12 days old (post-yolk absorption larvae). Larvae fed with microencapsulated Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 had a significantly higher RNA/DNA ratio than control group (C1). At six days post-yolk absorption group, the RNA/DNA ratio of larvae fed with Rhodotorula sp. bioencapsulated in Brachionus sp. was significantly higher than control group fed with a commercial diet high in DHA (C2-DHA). Finally, at 12 days post-yolk absorption, the RNA/DNA ratio was significantly higher in larvae fed with Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 and C2-DHA (both bioencapsulated in Artemia sp. nauplii) than in control group (C1). These results suggest that Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 can be an alternative source of DHA for feeding fish at larval stage, providing a sustainable source of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barra
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - A Llanos-Rivera
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - F Cruzat
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - N Pino-Maureira
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - R R González-Saldía
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
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The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:1010-1022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oil (VO) in feed formulations reduces the availability ofn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) to marine fish such as gilthead seabream. The aim of this study was to examine compositional and physiological responses to a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets (D1–D6) were fed to seabream, with the added oil being a blend of FO and VO to achieve a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Fish were sampled after 4 months feeding, to determine biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid concentrations and lipid metabolic gene expression. The results indicated a disturbance to lipid metabolism, with fat in the liver increased and fat deposits in the viscera reduced. Tissue fatty acid profiles were altered towards the fatty acid compositions of the diets. There was evidence of endogenous modification of dietary PUFA in the liver which correlated with the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2). Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (srebp1), fads2and fatty acid synthase increased in the liver, whereas PPARα1 pathways appeared to be supressed by dietary VO in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects in lipogenic genes appear to become measurable in D1–D3, which agrees with the weight gain data suggesting that disturbances to energy metabolism and lipogenesis may be related to performance differences. These findings suggested that suppression ofβ-oxidation and stimulation ofsrebp1-mediated lipogenesis may play a role in contributing toward steatosis in fish fedn-3 LC-PUFA deficient diets.
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Vera LM, Metochis C, Taylor JF, Clarkson M, Skjærven KH, Migaud H, Tocher DR. Early nutritional programming affects liver transcriptome in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:886. [PMID: 29149845 PMCID: PMC5693578 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To ensure sustainability of aquaculture, plant-based ingredients are being used in feeds to replace marine-derived products. However, plants contain secondary metabolites which can affect food intake and nutrient utilisation of fish. The application of nutritional stimuli during early development can induce long-term changes in animal physiology. Recently, we successfully used this approach to improve the utilisation of plant-based diets in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon. In the present study we explored the molecular mechanisms occurring in the liver of salmon when challenged with a plant-based diet in order to determine the metabolic processes affected, and the effect of ploidy. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that nutritional history had a major impact on the expression of genes. Key pathways of intermediary metabolism were up-regulated, including oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism. Other differentially expressed pathways affected by diet included protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, RNA transport, endocytosis and purine metabolism. The interaction between diet and ploidy also had an effect on the hepatic transcriptome of salmon. The biological pathways with the highest number of genes affected by this interaction were related to gene transcription and translation, and cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, communication and membrane trafficking. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that nutritional programming induced changes in a large number of metabolic processes in Atlantic salmon, which may be associated with the improved fish performance and nutrient utilisation demonstrated previously. In addition, differences between diploid and triploid salmon were found, supporting recent data that indicate nutritional requirements of triploid salmon may differ from those of their diploid counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Vera
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK94LA, Stirling, Scotland UK
| | - C. Metochis
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK94LA, Stirling, Scotland UK
| | - J. F. Taylor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK94LA, Stirling, Scotland UK
| | - M. Clarkson
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK94LA, Stirling, Scotland UK
| | - K. H. Skjærven
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - H. Migaud
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK94LA, Stirling, Scotland UK
| | - D. R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK94LA, Stirling, Scotland UK
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Martin SAM, Król E. Nutrigenomics and immune function in fish: new insights from omics technologies. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:86-98. [PMID: 28254621 PMCID: PMC5495911 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between nutrition and immune system is well recognised, however the true integration of research between nutrition, animal energy status and immune function is still far from clear. In fish nutrition, especially for species maintained in aquaculture, formulated feeds are significantly different from the natural diet with recent changes in nutrient sources, especially with protein and oil sources now being predominated by terrestrial derived ingredients. Additionally, many feeds are now incorporated to health management and termed functional feeds, which are believed to improve fish health, reduce disease outbreaks and/or improve post-infection recovery. Using new omics technologies, including transcriptomics (microarray and RNA-seq) and proteomics, the impacts of nutrition on the immune system is becoming clearer. By using molecular pathway enrichment analysis, modules of genes can indicate how both local (intestinal) and systemic immune function are being altered. Although great progress has been made to define the changes in host immune function, understanding the interplay between fish nutrition, intestinal microbiome and immune system is only just beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A M Martin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Elżbieta Król
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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Early nutritional intervention can improve utilisation of vegetable-based diets in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Br J Nutr 2017; 118:17-29. [PMID: 28735572 PMCID: PMC5565931 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated nutritional programming in Atlantic salmon to improve utilisation of a vegetable-based diet. At first exogenous feeding, fry were fed either a marine-based diet (Diet Mstimulus, 80% fishmeal (FM)/4% fish oil (FO)) or a vegetable-based diet (Diet Vstimulus, 10% FM/0% FO) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, all fish were then fed under the same conditions with a commercial, marine-based, diet for 15 weeks and thereafter challenged with a second V diet (Diet Vchallenge, 10% FM/0% FO) for 6 weeks. Diploid and triploid siblings were run in parallel to examine ploidy effects. Growth performance, feed intake, nutrient utilisation and intestinal morphology were monitored. Fish initially given Diet Vstimulus (V-fish) showed 24 % higher growth rate and 23 % better feed efficiency compared with M-fish when later challenged with Diet Vchallenge. There was no difference in feed intake between nutritional histories, but increased nutrient retentions highlighted the improved utilisation of a V diet in V-fish. There were generally few significant effects of nutritional history or ploidy on enteritis scores in the distal intestine after the challenge phase as only V-triploids showed a significant increase (P<0·05) in total score. The data highlighted that the positive effects were most likely a result of nutritional programming and the ability to respond better when challenged later in life may be attributed to physiological and/or metabolic changes induced by the stimulus. This novel study showed the potential of nutritional programming to improve the use of plant raw material ingredients in feeds for Atlantic salmon.
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Dietary DHA/EPA ratio affected tissue fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity, hematological characteristics and expression of lipid-related genes but not growth in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176216. [PMID: 28430821 PMCID: PMC5400258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio (DHA/EPA) on growth performance, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity, hematological characteristics and expression of some lipid metabolism related genes of juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) of initial weight 9.47 ± 0.03 g. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (45% crude protein and 14% crude lipid) were formulated to contain graded DHA/EPA ratios of 0.65, 1.16, 1.60, 2.03 and 2.67. There were no differences in growth performance and feed utilization among treatments. Fish fed higher DHA/EPA ratios had higher malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in serum than lower ratios. Serum triacylglycerol (TAG) content was significantly higher in fish fed the lowest DHA/EPA ratio. Tissue fatty acid profiles reflected the diets despite down-regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes, fatty acyl desaturase 2 (fads2) and elongase of very long-chain fatty acids 5 (elovl5), by high DHA/EPA ratios. Expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (accα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (cpt1a) were up-regulated by high DHA/EPA ratio, whereas sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (srebp-1) and hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl) were down-regulated. Fatty acid synthase (fas), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgd) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparα) showed highest expression in fish fed intermediate (1.16) DHA/EPA ratio. Overall, this study indicated that dietary DHA/EPA ratio affected fatty acid profiles and significantly influenced lipid metabolism including LC-PUFA biosynthesis and other anabolic and catabolic pathways, and also had impacts on antioxidant capacity and hematological characteristics.
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45
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Liang X, Cao X, Huang L, Yan J, Wei Y, Gao J. Hepatic transcriptome analysis and identification of differentially expressed genes response to dietary oxidized fish oil in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172386. [PMID: 28212448 PMCID: PMC5315305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing and short-read assembly were utilized to produce a transcriptome of livers from loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) fed with three different diets respectively containing fresh fish oil (FO group), medium oxidized fish oil (MO group) and high oxidized fish oil (HO group). A total of 60,663 unigenes were obtained in this study, with mean length 848.74 bp. 50,814, 49,584 and 49,814 unigenes were respectively obtained from FO, MO and HO groups. There were 2,343 differentially expressed genes between FO and MO, with 855 down- and 1,488 up-regulated genes in the MO group. 2,813 genes were differentially expressed between FO and HO, including 1,256 down- and 1,552 up-regulated genes in the HO group. 2,075 differentially expressed genes were found in the comparison of MO and HO, including 1,074 up- and 1,001 down-regulated genes in the MO group. Some differentially expressed genes, such as fatty acid transport protein (fatp), fatty acid binding protein (fabp), apolipoprotein (apo), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (ppar-γ), acetyl-CoA synthetase (acs) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (alox5), were involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting these genes in the loach were responsive to dietary oxidized fish oil. Results of transcriptome profilings here were validated using quantitative real time PCR in fourteen randomly selected unigenes. The present study provides insights into hepatic transcriptome profile of the loach, which is a valuable resource for studies of loach genomics. More importantly, this study identifies some important genes responsible for dietary oxidized fish oil, which will benefit researches of lipid metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longfei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxing Wei
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Qiu H, Jin M, Li Y, Lu Y, Hou Y, Zhou Q. Dietary Lipid Sources Influence Fatty Acid Composition in Tissue of Large Yellow Croaker (Larmichthys crocea) by Regulating Triacylglycerol Synthesis and Catabolism at the Transcriptional Level. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169985. [PMID: 28081221 PMCID: PMC5231348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, fatty acid composition, rate-limiting enzyme activities and gene expression related to lipid metabolism in large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea). Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain different lipid sources, such as fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), rapeseed oil (RO) and peanut oil (PO), respectively. Triplicate groups of 50 fish (initial weight 13.77±0.07g) were stocked in 15 floating net cages (1.5m×1.5m×2.0m). Fish fed the diets containing RO and LO had lower weight gain and specific growth rates than those fed the FO, SO and PO diets. Survival, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index, viscerasomatic index and condition factor were not significantly affected by different dietary lipid sources. Fish fed the diet containing FO had higher lipid content in whole body compared with the other groups, whereas fish fed the SO diet had the lowest muscle lipid content. Fatty acid profiles of muscle and liver reflected the fatty acid composition of the diets. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, and the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly influenced by different dietary lipid sources, while total protein, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase or malondialdehyde in plasma were not affected by the different dietary lipid sources. Fish fed the LO diet had lower adipose triglyceride lipase and fatty acid synthase activities in liver than those fed the diets containing FO and RO, while the LO diet resulted in the highest hepatic carnitine palmitoultransferase-1 activity. Hepatic gene relative expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in fish fed PO diet was significantly higher than all other groups, whereas fish fed the SO and LO diets had lower relative expression levels of lipoprotein lipase than the other groups. The highest relative expression levels of fatty acid synthase and acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 were observed in the FO group, while the highest relative expression of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase occurred in fish fed the FO and RO diets. In summary, based on the growth performance, FO and SO appear to be suitable lipid sources for large yellow croaker, with the findings of this study also providing a molecular insight into the role of lipid metabolic mechanism in response to different dietary lipid sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Li
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - You Lu
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingmei Hou
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Betancor MB, Sprague M, Montero D, Usher S, Sayanova O, Campbell PJ, Napier JA, Caballero MJ, Izquierdo M, Tocher DR. Replacement of Marine Fish Oil with de novo Omega-3 Oils from Transgenic Camelina sativa in Feeds for Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.). Lipids 2016; 51:1171-1191. [PMID: 27590240 PMCID: PMC5418318 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are essential components of the diet of all vertebrates. The major dietary source of n-3 LC-PUFA for humans has been fish and seafood but, paradoxically, farmed fish are also reliant on marine fisheries for fish meal and fish oil (FO), traditionally major ingredients of aquafeeds. Currently, the only sustainable alternatives to FO are vegetable oils, which are rich in C18 PUFA, but devoid of the eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) abundant in FO. Two new n-3 LC-PUFA sources obtained from genetically modified (GM) Camelina sativa containing either EPA alone (ECO) or EPA and DHA (DCO) were compared to FO and wild-type camelina oil (WCO) in juvenile sea bream. Neither ECO nor DCO had any detrimental effects on fish performance, although final weight of ECO-fed fish (117 g) was slightly lower than that of FO- and DCO-fed fish (130 and 127 g, respectively). Inclusion of the GM-derived oils enhanced the n-3 LC-PUFA content in fish tissues compared to WCO, although limited biosynthesis was observed indicating accumulation of dietary fatty acids. The expression of genes involved in several lipid metabolic processes, as well as fish health and immune response, in both liver and anterior intestine were altered in fish fed the GM-derived oils. This showed a similar pattern to that observed in WCO-fed fish reflecting the hybrid fatty acid profile of the new oils. Overall the data indicated that the GM-derived oils could be suitable alternatives to dietary FO in sea bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Betancor
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - M Sprague
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - D Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - S Usher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - O Sayanova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - P J Campbell
- Biomar Ltd., North Shore Road, Grangemouth, FK3 8UL, UK
| | - J A Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - M J Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - D R Tocher
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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Betancor MB, Sprague M, Sayanova O, Usher S, Metochis C, Campbell PJ, Napier JA, Tocher DR. Nutritional Evaluation of an EPA-DHA Oil from Transgenic Camelina sativa in Feeds for Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159934. [PMID: 27454884 PMCID: PMC4959691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oils (VO) are possible substitutes for fish oil in aquafeeds but their use is limited by their lack of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). However, oilseed crops can be modified to produce n-3 LC-PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, representing a potential option to fill the gap between supply and demand of these important nutrients. Camelina sativa was metabolically engineered to produce a seed oil with around 15% total n-3 LC-PUFA to potentially substitute for fish oil in salmon feeds. Post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed for 11-weeks with one of three experimental diets containing either fish oil (FO), wild-type Camelina oil (WCO) or transgenic Camelina oil (DCO) as added lipid source to evaluate fish performance, nutrient digestibility, tissue n-3 LC-PUFA, and metabolic impact determined by liver transcriptome analysis. The DCO diet did not affect any of the performance or health parameters studied and enhanced apparent digestibility of EPA and DHA compared to the WCO diet. The level of total n-3 LC-PUFA was higher in all the tissues of DCO-fed fish than in WCO-fed fish with levels in liver similar to those in fish fed FO. Endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthetic activity was observed in fish fed both the Camelina oil diets as indicated by the liver transcriptome and levels of intermediate metabolites such as docosapentaenoic acid, with data suggesting that the dietary combination of EPA and DHA inhibited desaturation and elongation activities. Expression of genes involved in phospholipid and triacylglycerol metabolism followed a similar pattern in fish fed DCO and WCO despite the difference in n-3 LC-PUFA contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B. Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Sprague
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Usher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoforos Metochis
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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Dietary Oil Source and Selenium Supplementation Modulate Fads2 and Elovl5 Transcriptional Levels in Liver and Brain of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Lipids 2016; 51:729-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by dietary carbohydrate levels and lipid sources in gilthead sea bream juveniles. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:19-34. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451600163x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe long-term effects on growth performance, body composition, plasma metabolites, liver and intestine glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed diets without carbohydrates (CH–) or carbohydrate-enriched (20 % gelatinised starch, CH+) combined with two lipid sources (fish oil; or vegetable oil (VO)). No differences in growth performance among treatments were observed. Carbohydrate intake was associated with increased hepatic transcripts of glucokinase but not of 6-phosphofructokinase. Expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was down-regulated by carbohydrate intake, whereas, unexpectedly, glucose 6-phosphatase was up-regulated. Lipogenic enzyme activities (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase) and ∆6 fatty acyl desaturase (FADS2) transcripts were increased in liver of fish fed CH+ diets, supporting an enhanced potential for lipogenesis and long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. Despite the lower hepatic cholesterol content in CH+ groups, no influence on the expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux (ATP-binding cassette G5) and biosynthesis (lanosterol 14α-demethylase, cytochrome P450 51 cytochrome P450 51 (CYP51A1); 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) was recorded at the hepatic level. At the intestinal level, however, induction of CYP51A1 transcripts by carbohydrate intake was recorded. Dietary VO led to decreased plasma phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations but not on the transcripts of proteins involved in phospholipid biosynthesis (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase) and cholesterol metabolism at intestinal and hepatic levels. Hepatic and muscular fatty acid profiles reflected that of diets, despite the up-regulation ofFADS2transcripts. Overall, this study demonstrated that dietary carbohydrates mainly affected carbohydrate metabolism, lipogenesis and LC-PUFA biosynthesis, whereas effects of dietary lipid source were mostly related with tissue fatty acid composition, plasma phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations, and LC-PUFA biosynthesis regulation. Interactions between dietary macronutrients induced modifications in tissue lipid and glycogen content.
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