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Wang X, Drillon G, Ryu T, Voolstra CR, Aranda M. Genome-Based Analyses of Six Hexacorallian Species Reject the "Naked Coral" Hypothesis. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:2626-2634. [PMID: 29048525 PMCID: PMC5737686 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleractinian corals are the foundation species of the coral-reef ecosystem. Their calcium carbonate skeletons form extensive structures that are home to millions of species, making coral reefs one of the most diverse ecosystems of our planet. However, our understanding of how reef-building corals have evolved the ability to calcify and become the ecosystem builders they are today is hampered by uncertain relationships within their subclass Hexacorallia. Corallimorpharians have been proposed to originate from a complex scleractinian ancestor that lost the ability to calcify in response to increasing ocean acidification, suggesting the possibility for corals to lose and gain the ability to calcify in response to increasing ocean acidification. Here, we employed a phylogenomic approach using whole-genome data from six hexacorallian species to resolve the evolutionary relationship between reef-building corals and their noncalcifying relatives. Phylogenetic analysis based on 1,421 single-copy orthologs, as well as gene presence/absence and synteny information, converged on the same topologies, showing strong support for scleractinian monophyly and a corallimorpharian sister clade. Our broad phylogenomic approach using sequence-based and sequence-independent analyses provides unambiguous evidence for the monophyly of scleractinian corals and the rejection of corallimorpharians as descendants of a complex coral ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guénola Drillon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC-Univ P6, CNRS, IBPS, - UMR 7238, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Christian R. Voolstra
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Aranda
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Lin MF, Chou WH, Kitahara MV, Chen CLA, Miller DJ, Forêt S. Corallimorpharians are not "naked corals": insights into relationships between Scleractinia and Corallimorpharia from phylogenomic analyses. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2463. [PMID: 27761308 PMCID: PMC5068439 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcification is one of the most distinctive traits of scleractinian corals. Their hard skeletons form the substratum of reef ecosystems and confer on corals their remarkable diversity of shapes. Corallimorpharians are non-calcifying, close relatives of scleractinian corals, and the evolutionary relationship between these two groups is key to understanding the evolution of calcification in the coral lineage. One pivotal question is whether scleractinians are a monophyletic group, paraphyly being an alternative possibility if corallimorpharians are corals that have lost their ability to calcify, as is implied by the “naked-coral” hypothesis. Despite major efforts, relationships between scleractinians and corallimorpharians remain equivocal and controversial. Although the complete mitochondrial genomes of a range of scleractinians and corallimorpharians have been obtained, heterogeneity in composition and evolutionary rates means that mitochondrial sequences are insufficient to understand the relationship between these two groups. To overcome these limitations, transcriptome data were generated for three representative corallimorpharians. These were used in combination with sequences available for a representative range of scleractinians to identify 291 orthologous single copy protein-coding nuclear markers. Unlike the mitochondrial sequences, these nuclear markers do not display any distinct compositional bias in their nucleotide or amino-acid sequences. A range of phylogenomic approaches congruently reveal a topology consistent with scleractinian monophyly and corallimorpharians as the sister clade of scleractinians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fang Lin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Comparative Genomics Centre and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Wen Hwa Chou
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Marcelo V Kitahara
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - David John Miller
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Comparative Genomics Centre and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sylvain Forêt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Anderson DA, Walz ME, Weil E, Tonellato P, Smith MC. RNA-Seq of the Caribbean reef-building coral Orbicella faveolata (Scleractinia-Merulinidae) under bleaching and disease stress expands models of coral innate immunity. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1616. [PMID: 26925311 PMCID: PMC4768675 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change-driven coral disease outbreaks have led to widespread declines in coral populations. Early work on coral genomics established that corals have a complex innate immune system, and whole-transcriptome gene expression studies have revealed mechanisms by which the coral immune system responds to stress and disease. The present investigation expands bioinformatic data available to study coral molecular physiology through the assembly and annotation of a reference transcriptome of the Caribbean reef-building coral, Orbicella faveolata. Samples were collected during a warm water thermal anomaly, coral bleaching event and Caribbean yellow band disease outbreak in 2010 in Puerto Rico. Multiplex sequencing of RNA on the Illumina GAIIx platform and de novo transcriptome assembly by Trinity produced 70,745,177 raw short-sequence reads and 32,463 O. faveolata transcripts, respectively. The reference transcriptome was annotated with gene ontologies, mapped to KEGG pathways, and a predicted proteome of 20,488 sequences was generated. Protein families and signaling pathways that are essential in the regulation of innate immunity across Phyla were investigated in-depth. Results were used to develop models of evolutionarily conserved Wnt, Notch, Rig-like receptor, Nod-like receptor, and Dicer signaling. O. faveolata is a coral species that has been studied widely under climate-driven stress and disease, and the present investigation provides new data on the genes that putatively regulate its immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Marcus E Walz
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin , United States of America
| | - Ernesto Weil
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez , Mayagüez, Puerto Rico , United States of America
| | - Peter Tonellato
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew C Smith
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin , United States of America
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Huang D, Benzoni F, Arrigoni R, Baird AH, Berumen ML, Bouwmeester J, Chou LM, Fukami H, Licuanan WY, Lovell ER, Meier R, Todd PA, Budd AF. Towards a phylogenetic classification of reef corals: the Indo-Pacific generaMerulina,GoniastreaandScapophyllia(Scleractinia, Merulinidae). ZOOL SCR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Francesca Benzoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Andrew H. Baird
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal Jeddah 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jessica Bouwmeester
- Red Sea Research Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal Jeddah 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Loke Ming Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Hironobu Fukami
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Wilfredo Y. Licuanan
- Br. Alfred Shields FSC Ocean Research Center and Biology Department; De La Salle University; Manila 1004 The Philippines
| | - Edward R. Lovell
- School of Marine Studies; University of the South Pacific; Laucala Campus Suva Fiji
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Peter A. Todd
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
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Jonker MJ, de Leeuw WC, Marinković M, Wittink FRA, Rauwerda H, Bruning O, Ensink WA, Fluit AC, Boel CH, Jong MD, Breit TM. Absence/presence calling in microarray-based CGH experiments with non-model organisms. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:e94. [PMID: 24771343 PMCID: PMC4066771 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural variations in genomes are commonly studied by (micro)array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The data analysis methods to infer copy number variation in model organisms (human, mouse) are established. In principle, the procedures are based on signal ratios between test and reference samples and the order of the probe targets in the genome. These procedures are less applicable to experiments with non-model organisms, which frequently comprise non-sequenced genomes with an unknown order of probe targets. We therefore present an additional analysis approach, which does not depend on the structural information of a reference genome, and quantifies the presence or absence of a probe target in an unknown genome. The principle is that intensity values of target probes are compared with the intensities of negative-control probes and positive-control probes from a control hybridization, to determine if a probe target is absent or present. In a test, analyzing the genome content of a known bacterial strain: Staphylococcus aureus MRSA252, this approach proved to be successful, demonstrated by receiver operating characteristic area under the curve values larger than 0.9995. We show its usability in various applications, such as comparing genome content and validating next-generation sequencing reads from eukaryotic non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijs J Jonker
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (NBIC), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim C de Leeuw
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (NBIC), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marino Marinković
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floyd R A Wittink
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Han Rauwerda
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (NBIC), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Bruning
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (NBIC), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim A Ensink
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ad C Fluit
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C H Boel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark de Jong
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timo M Breit
- MicroArray Department & Integrative Bioinformatics Unit (MAD-IBU), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (NBIC), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Kitahara MV, Lin MF, Forêt S, Huttley G, Miller DJ, Chen CA. The "naked coral" hypothesis revisited--evidence for and against scleractinian monophyly. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94774. [PMID: 24740380 PMCID: PMC3989238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Scleractinia and Corallimorpharia, Orders within Anthozoa distinguished by the presence of an aragonite skeleton in the former, is controversial. Although classically considered distinct groups, some phylogenetic analyses have placed the Corallimorpharia within a larger Scleractinia/Corallimorpharia clade, leading to the suggestion that the Corallimorpharia are “naked corals” that arose via skeleton loss during the Cretaceous from a Scleractinian ancestor. Scleractinian paraphyly is, however, contradicted by a number of recent phylogenetic studies based on mt nucleotide (nt) sequence data. Whereas the “naked coral” hypothesis was based on analysis of the sequences of proteins encoded by a relatively small number of mt genomes, here a much-expanded dataset was used to reinvestigate hexacorallian phylogeny. The initial observation was that, whereas analyses based on nt data support scleractinian monophyly, those based on amino acid (aa) data support the “naked coral” hypothesis, irrespective of the method and with very strong support. To better understand the bases of these contrasting results, the effects of systematic errors were examined. Compared to other hexacorallians, the mt genomes of “Robust” corals have a higher (A+T) content, codon usage is far more constrained, and the proteins that they encode have a markedly higher phenylalanine content, leading us to suggest that mt DNA repair may be impaired in this lineage. Thus the “naked coral” topology could be caused by high levels of saturation in these mitochondrial sequences, long-branch effects or model violations. The equivocal results of these extensive analyses highlight the fundamental problems of basing coral phylogeny on mitochondrial sequence data.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acids/genetics
- Animals
- Anthozoa/classification
- Anthozoa/genetics
- Base Composition/genetics
- Codon/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Met/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Trp/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo V. Kitahara
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mei-Fang Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sylvain Forêt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gavin Huttley
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David J. Miller
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (CAC); (DJM)
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP)-Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CAC); (DJM)
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Taguchi T, Mezaki T, Iwase F, Sekida S, Kubota S, Fukami H, Okuda K, Shinbo T, Oshima SI, Iiguni Y, Testa JR, Tominaga A. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the scleractinian coral Acropora solitaryensis Veron & Wallace 1984. Zoolog Sci 2014; 31:89-94. [PMID: 24521318 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.31.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed a molecular cytogenetic investigation of the scleractinian coral Acropora solitaryensis, which is dominant in the temperate region of Japan (30-35°N). Molecular cytogenetic analysis, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), was carried out for karyotyping and gene mapping. We propose the karyotype of this coral (2n = 30) based on C-banding and FISH analyses. FISH mapping of the rRNA gene was carried out with a probe generated by PCR amplification using rRNA gene primers. Furthermore, the telomeres and centromeres of all chromosomes were visualized using FISH. By comparative genomic hybridization using DNA from sperm and unfertilized eggs of this coral, we offer evidence suggesting the existence of sex chromosomes in this species. Collectively, these data advance our understanding of coral genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Taguchi
- 1 Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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